141:
239:
230:
248:
121:
293:
285:
210:
smaller turbos are effective at low RPM (when there is less kinetic energy present in the exhaust gases) but are unable to provide the quantity of compressed intake gases required at higher RPM. Therefore, sequential turbocharger systems provide a way to decrease turbo lag without compromising power output at high RPM.
280:
is not a primary design consideration), and where the intake pressure is quite low due to low atmospheric pressure at altitude, requiring a very high pressure ratio. High-performance diesel engines also sometimes use this configuration, since diesel engines do not suffer from pre-ignition issues and
271:
A serial turbo can also be of use to a system where the output pressure must be greater than can be provided by a single turbo, commonly called a compound twin-turbo system. In this case, multiple similarly sized turbochargers are used in sequence, but constantly operating. The first turbo boosts
209:
Sequential turbocharging is a set-up in which the engine uses one turbocharger for lower engine speeds, and a second or both turbochargers at higher engine speeds. This system is intended to overcome the limitation of large turbochargers providing insufficient boost at low RPM. On the other hand,
213:
The system is arranged so that a small ("primary") turbocharger is active while the engine is operating at low RPM, which reduces the boost threshold (RPM at which effective boost is provided) and turbo lag. As RPM increases, a small amount of exhaust gas is fed to the larger ("secondary")
272:
provides the initial compression (for example to three times the intake pressure). Subsequent turbos take the charge from the previous stage and compress it further (for example to an additional three times intake pressure, for a total boost of nine times atmospheric pressure).
170:
Parallel configurations are well suited to V6 and V8 engines since each turbocharger can be assigned to one cylinder bank, reducing the amount of exhaust piping needed. In this case, each turbocharger is fed exhaust gases by a separate exhaust manifold. For
275:
A downside of staged turbocharging is that it often leads to large amounts of turbo lag, therefore it is mostly used on piston engine aircraft which usually do not need to rapidly raise and lower engine speed. (and thus where
267:
Serial turbocharging is where the turbochargers are connected in series with the output of the first turbocharger then being further compressed by the second turbocharger and in some cases powering the larger turbine.
214:
turbocharger, to bring it up to operating speed. Then at high RPM, all of the exhaust gases are directed to the secondary turbocharger, so that it can provide the boost required by the engine at high RPM.
561:
613:
396:
186:
by being able to use smaller turbochargers than if a single turbocharger was used for the engine. On engines with multiple cylinder banks (e.g.
256:
Sequential turbo operation: primary turbo at low RPM (left), pre-spooling secondary turbo (centre), secondary turbo operation (right)
486:
606:
1181:
436:
599:
422:
1120:
60:). The most common layout features two identical or mirrored turbochargers in parallel, each processing half of a
64:'s produced exhaust through independent piping. The two turbochargers can either be matching or different sizes.
798:
1037:
1095:
679:
126:
460:
327:
536:
371:
622:
42:
1231:
1145:
1110:
1090:
1042:
950:
511:
1226:
1067:
776:
1001:
17:
1270:
823:
940:
781:
54:
935:
707:
8:
1085:
983:
713:
587:
347:
238:
229:
176:
1006:
803:
247:
172:
159:
In a parallel configuration, two equally-sized turbochargers each receive half of the
140:
87:
808:
748:
699:
442:
432:
183:
1100:
1057:
1016:
965:
930:
851:
838:
312:
198:
53:
are used to compress the intake fuel/air mixture (or intake air, in the case of a
1211:
922:
771:
728:
164:
149:
1077:
1047:
902:
669:
446:
163:. Some designs combine the intake charge from each turbocharger into a single
120:
1264:
1249:
1140:
1133:
955:
887:
882:
846:
763:
703:
664:
654:
591:
292:
284:
160:
866:
861:
828:
733:
723:
659:
643:
426:
322:
217:
The first production car to use sequential turbocharging was the 1986–1988
50:
35:
1244:
1128:
945:
897:
856:
813:
743:
317:
307:
218:
191:
146:
31:
1216:
1176:
1155:
1150:
1052:
960:
892:
818:
758:
689:
1171:
912:
907:
694:
674:
277:
167:, while others use a separate intake manifold for each turbocharger.
129:
72:
There are three types of turbine setups used for twin-turbo setups:
194:) use of parallel twin-turbos can also simplify the exhaust system.
1194:
1190:
1062:
793:
718:
684:
428:
Turbochargers in the workshop technology, variants, troubleshooting
187:
61:
179:, both turbochargers can be mounted to a single exhaust manifold.
1221:
1105:
1032:
1011:
788:
738:
57:
221:, which used sequential twin-turbos on its flat-six engine.
90:
setups (which theoretically could have 15 different setups):
487:"Video – The Porsche 959 is a $ 1.5 Million Automotive Icon"
1186:
633:
201:
was the first production car to use twin-turbochargers.
588:
http://mkiv.supras.org.nz/articles/twinturbosetups.htm
348:"Toyota Supra MKIV : Types of Twin Turbo Setups"
431:. Krafthand Medien GmbH (1st ed.). p. 26.
562:"Two Stage Serial Turbochargers for Diesel Engines"
182:The aim of using parallel twin-turbos is to reduce
86:These can be applied to any of the five types of
1262:
621:
607:
614:
600:
296:Series Staged Compound Twin Turbo Diagram
67:
680:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
291:
283:
281:can therefore use high boost pressures.
537:"Twin-Turbocharging: How Does It Work?"
372:"Twin-Turbocharging: How Does It Work?"
14:
1263:
420:
595:
461:"1997 Toyota Supra – Prime Sequence"
24:
288:Series Compound Twin Turbo Diagram
25:
1282:
582:
246:
237:
228:
139:
119:
782:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
103:Parallel Sequential Compressors
554:
529:
504:
479:
453:
414:
389:
364:
340:
13:
1:
512:"Kimble Cutaway: Porsche 959"
334:
204:
100:Staged Sequential Compressors
7:
328:Turbocharged petrol engines
323:Turbocharged diesel engines
300:
110:
97:Staged Compound Compressors
10:
1287:
623:Internal combustion engine
43:internal combustion engine
29:
1240:
1204:
1164:
1119:
1091:Diesel particulate filter
1076:
1043:Idle air control actuator
1025:
992:
984:Engine control unit (ECU)
974:
921:
875:
837:
757:
642:
629:
262:
152:with parallel twin-turbos
132:with parallel twin-turbos
49:is a layout in which two
1156:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
1068:Throttle position sensor
777:Overhead camshaft layout
30:Not to be confused with
695:Core plug (freeze plug)
421:Köhler, Mario (2017).
297:
289:
68:Types and combinations
566:www.garrettmotion.com
295:
287:
173:four-cylinder engines
34:, a combination of a
936:Compression ignition
177:straight-six engines
106:Parallel Compressors
94:Compound Compressors
1086:Catalytic converter
541:www.carthrottle.com
376:www.carthrottle.com
127:Chevrolet big-block
38:and a turbocharger.
1212:Knocking / pinging
804:Combustion chamber
491:www.autotrader.com
352:mkiv.supras.org.nz
298:
290:
1258:
1257:
1227:Stratified charge
994:Electrical system
976:Engine management
809:Compression ratio
749:Starter ring gear
648:rotating assembly
465:SuperStreetOnline
438:978-3-87441-158-5
16:(Redirected from
1278:
1101:Exhaust manifold
966:Spark plug wires
852:Boost controller
839:Forced induction
616:
609:
602:
593:
592:
577:
576:
574:
572:
558:
552:
551:
549:
547:
533:
527:
526:
524:
522:
508:
502:
501:
499:
497:
483:
477:
476:
474:
472:
457:
451:
450:
418:
412:
411:
409:
407:
401:www.maserati.com
393:
387:
386:
384:
382:
368:
362:
361:
359:
358:
344:
313:Boost controller
250:
241:
232:
199:Maserati Biturbo
143:
123:
55:direct-injection
21:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1236:
1232:Top dead centre
1200:
1160:
1115:
1072:
1021:
995:
988:
977:
970:
917:
871:
833:
789:Tappet / lifter
772:Flathead layout
762:
753:
647:
638:
625:
620:
585:
580:
570:
568:
560:
559:
555:
545:
543:
535:
534:
530:
520:
518:
510:
509:
505:
495:
493:
485:
484:
480:
470:
468:
459:
458:
454:
439:
419:
415:
405:
403:
395:
394:
390:
380:
378:
370:
369:
365:
356:
354:
346:
345:
341:
337:
332:
303:
265:
260:
259:
258:
257:
253:
252:
251:
243:
242:
234:
233:
207:
165:intake manifold
157:
156:
155:
154:
153:
150:flat-six engine
144:
135:
134:
133:
124:
113:
70:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1284:
1274:
1273:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1121:Cooling system
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1078:Exhaust system
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1048:Inlet manifold
1045:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
998:
996:
993:
990:
989:
987:
986:
980:
978:
975:
972:
971:
969:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
927:
925:
919:
918:
916:
915:
910:
905:
903:Fuel injection
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:
877:
873:
872:
870:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
843:
841:
835:
834:
832:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
785:
784:
779:
774:
768:
766:
755:
754:
752:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
670:Connecting rod
667:
662:
657:
651:
649:
640:
639:
630:
627:
626:
619:
618:
611:
604:
596:
584:
583:External links
581:
579:
578:
553:
528:
516:www.motor1.com
503:
478:
452:
437:
413:
388:
363:
338:
336:
333:
331:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
304:
302:
299:
264:
261:
255:
254:
245:
244:
236:
235:
227:
226:
225:
224:
223:
206:
203:
197:The 1981–1994
145:
138:
137:
136:
125:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
84:
83:
80:
77:
69:
66:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1283:
1272:
1271:Turbochargers
1269:
1268:
1266:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:Water cooling
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1111:Oxygen sensor
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:Intake system
1024:
1018:
1017:Starter motor
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
991:
985:
982:
981:
979:
973:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
956:Ignition coil
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
926:
924:
920:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
888:Petrol engine
886:
884:
883:Diesel engine
881:
880:
878:
874:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
847:Blowoff valve
845:
844:
842:
840:
836:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
767:
765:
764:Cylinder head
760:
756:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
709:
705:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
655:Balance shaft
653:
652:
650:
645:
641:
637:
635:
628:
624:
617:
612:
610:
605:
603:
598:
597:
594:
590:
589:
567:
563:
557:
542:
538:
532:
517:
513:
507:
492:
488:
482:
467:. 27 May 2010
466:
462:
456:
448:
444:
440:
434:
430:
429:
424:
417:
402:
398:
392:
377:
373:
367:
353:
349:
343:
339:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
305:
294:
286:
282:
279:
273:
269:
249:
240:
231:
222:
220:
215:
211:
202:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
168:
166:
162:
161:exhaust gases
151:
148:
142:
131:
128:
122:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
91:
89:
81:
78:
75:
74:
73:
65:
63:
59:
56:
52:
51:turbochargers
48:
44:
37:
33:
27:Turbochargers
19:
1141:Electric fan
941:Coil-on-plug
867:Turbocharger
862:Supercharger
734:Main bearing
724:Firing order
714:Displacement
660:Block heater
644:Engine block
632:Part of the
631:
586:
569:. Retrieved
565:
556:
544:. Retrieved
540:
531:
519:. Retrieved
515:
506:
494:. Retrieved
490:
481:
469:. Retrieved
464:
455:
427:
416:
404:. Retrieved
400:
391:
379:. Retrieved
375:
366:
355:. Retrieved
351:
342:
274:
270:
266:
216:
212:
208:
196:
192:flat engines
181:
169:
158:
85:
71:
46:
40:
36:supercharger
1165:Lubrication
1129:Air cooling
946:Distributor
898:Fuel filter
876:Fuel system
857:Intercooler
824:Timing belt
814:Head gasket
744:Piston ring
423:"Volume 17"
318:Intercooler
308:Boost gauge
219:Porsche 959
147:Porsche 935
32:twincharger
1217:Power band
1177:Oil filter
1151:Thermostat
1096:EGT sensor
1058:MAF sensor
1053:MAP sensor
1038:Air filter
1002:Alternator
961:Spark plug
893:Carburetor
819:Rocker arm
759:Valvetrain
690:Crankshaft
634:Automobile
447:1014188198
357:2021-01-17
335:References
205:Sequential
88:compressor
79:Sequential
47:twin-turbo
951:Glow plug
913:Fuel tank
908:Fuel pump
675:Crankcase
571:8 October
546:8 October
521:6 October
496:6 October
471:6 October
406:5 October
397:"Biturbo"
381:4 October
278:turbo lag
188:V engines
184:turbo lag
130:V8 engine
1265:Category
1250:Category
1195:Dry sump
1191:Wet sump
1182:Oil pump
1146:Radiator
1063:Throttle
923:Ignition
794:Camshaft
719:Flywheel
700:Cylinder
685:Crankpin
301:See also
111:Parallel
76:Parallel
62:V engine
1222:Redline
1106:Muffler
1007:Battery
931:Magneto
18:Biturbo
1245:Portal
1033:Airbox
1012:Dynamo
739:Piston
729:Stroke
708:layout
636:series
445:
435:
263:Series
82:Series
58:engine
41:In an
1205:Other
829:Valve
799:Chest
1187:Sump
704:bank
665:Bore
573:2019
548:2019
523:2019
498:2019
473:2019
443:OCLC
433:ISBN
408:2019
383:2019
190:and
175:and
1172:Oil
761:and
646:and
1267::
1193:,
706:,
564:.
539:.
514:.
489:.
463:.
441:.
425:.
399:.
374:.
350:.
45:,
1197:)
1189:(
710:)
702:(
615:e
608:t
601:v
575:.
550:.
525:.
500:.
475:.
449:.
410:.
385:.
360:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
.jpg)
