606:
476:
614:
488:
465:
1345:
1318:
588:", offering a defense to the lands around Mälaren from invading enemies in the process; and to create a commercial bridgehead to attract German merchants. While Birger's direct involvement in the foundation of the city remains speculative, it probably was no accident it was founded on the location at this time, as there were alternative passages into Mälaren during the preceding
507:
to interpret this as a manifestation of his pious side). This was a choice of historical importance as it was to make Birger a jarl powerful enough to ultimately wind up the office, thus making him the last
Swedish jarl ever, even called as the "first true king of Sweden" by historians. As this happened during an era when the inherited concept
54:
506:
visited present Sweden around 1248, he urged the
Swedish kings to fulfill the rules of the Catholic Church, an exhortation which Birger seems to have taken as a chance to strengthen his position by simply taking the side of the church against other members of his family (alternatively it's possible
583:
interpreted as the foundation of the city or at least some sort of special interest in the location. Neither of the letters give a description of the location, however, and while archaeological traces of older defensive structures have been found there, what did exist on the premises before the
455:
Although Birger Jarl saw many battles, some have speculated that traces of a sword blow in Birger's cranium might have originated from this battle. However, the original 14th-century
Russian record of the battle gives no information on this at all.
360:. The exact date of his birth is uncertain and historical sources are contradictory, but examinations of his remains suggest he was around 50 years old at his death in 1266, which would indicate a birth year around 1216. However, since his father,
452:. While Swedish sources give no information on the battle at all, a 16th-century Russian legend tells that the Swedish "king" was wounded in the face while dueling against Prince Alexander Nevsky himself.
392:
592:; as Crusades, a kind of Viking raids in a Christian disguise, had proven increasingly unsuccessful; and as taking control over the location, traditionally where men supposedly gathered before the
1004:
Upon examination of his bones in 2002, it was determined that Birger would have been just around 50 at the time of his death, about 10 years younger than previously believed. See Kari, Risto.
670:. It was originally intended that his remains be removed there, but this was never done. Several other historical structures there are also named for him including the street
511:
became more of a political party, it also meant
Swedish magnates lost most of their influence which paved the way for a consolidated Swedish kingdom supported by the Pope.
584:
mid-13th century remains debated. It has been suggested Birger chose the location for several reasons: Partly to curb domestic magnates by isolating them with a "lock of
1111:
749:
569:
428:
During the following 15 years, Birger consolidated his position and was probably one of the most influential men years before being formally given the title
1390:
801:
722:
The marriage was contracted relatively near the time when
Ingeborg's brother the once-deposed Eric XI returned from exile in Denmark in 1234.
1171:
1301:
17:
605:
913:
1262:
1054:
989:
950:
397:
1395:
789:
1090:
530:. The Folkungs lost the battle and were unable to resist the central government and its taxes. Holmger Knutsson fled to
1405:
1285:
1013:
829:
602:. Birger thus combined financial support from Germany with papal political support to consolidate his own position.
1077:
598:, meant old offensive military traditions could be replaced by more "modern" commercial efforts directed towards
414:
306:
191:
1385:
402:—were born well before 1200, suggesting they likely had a different mother. Birger was named after his uncle
565:
was elected as the new king while Birger acted as regent, holding the true power in Sweden until his death.
421:
in the mid-1230s, following intense competition with other suitors, as chronicled in the
Chronicle of Erik (
1375:
686:. The Hotel Birger Jarl is located in Stockholm's Norrmalm neighborhood. He is also the central figure of
1197:
1192:
546:
475:
1400:
561:, which permanently established the Swedish rule in Finland. On King Eric's death in 1250, Birger's son
1335:
1328:
574:
537:
In 1249, Birger succeeded in ending a decades-long period of hostilities with Norway. As a part of the
314:
1380:
364:, is believed to have died no later than 1210, Birger's birth may have occurred a few years earlier.
1277:
425:). This combination of family ties and strategic marriage would prove vital in his ascent to power.
739:
534:
and was captured there by Birger in the following year. Quickly brought to trial, he was beheaded.
437:
217:
104:
1103:
785:
302:
515:
1415:
1410:
778:
774:
655:
558:
480:
310:
726:
659:
542:
538:
212:
1187:
613:
361:
257:
1370:
1365:
562:
418:
317:. Additionally, he is traditionally attributed with the foundation of the Swedish capital,
8:
1322:
667:
627:
550:
527:
380:
353:
196:
1295:
711:
631:
449:
240:
165:
1165:
914:"Personakt för Birger (Birger jarl) Magnusson, Född omkring 1210 Bjälbo, Östergötland"
407:
298:
1281:
1258:
1076:, a 16th-century account of the battle, provided by the Slavic Interest Group of the
1050:
1009:
985:
946:
917:
825:
679:
671:
651:
647:
503:
441:
433:
147:
755:
225:
1222:
767:
734:
730:
523:
445:
235:
752:, married presumably several times, one of her husbands was lord Sigge Guttormsson
1107:
1044:
979:
940:
761:
384:
230:
1073:
585:
429:
388:
332:
72:
31:
531:
1359:
1349:
1242:
1160:
1094:
691:
635:
495:
487:
293:
176:
53:
464:
683:
468:
403:
1223:"Utomnordiskt och nordiskt i de äldsta svenska dynastiska förbindelserna."
626:
Ingeborg died in 1254 and in 1261 Birger married the Danish queen dowager
372:
368:
262:
743:
1175:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 981.
589:
580:
318:
717:
599:
357:
66:
that fuses
Norwegian and continental styles with English influences.
1254:
675:
663:
376:
121:
609:
Grave of Birger Jarl, his wife
Matilda and Birger's son Duke Eric.
593:
579:, Birger wrote two carefully dated letters, the first mention of
554:
519:
508:
99:
63:
758:, born 1240, Duke (of Södermanland), then king of Sweden 1275–90
410:
and one of the most powerful men of the era, who died in 1202.
1317:
568:
In 1252, a year after another victory over the folkungs at the
288:
59:
824:(in Swedish). Skara: Skaraborgs länsmuseum. pp. 104–106.
1164:
336:
322:
1091:"Description of the battle in the First Novgorod Chronicle"
742:, born c. 1238, king of Sweden 1250–1275, lord of parts of
444:
in 1240, which
Russian sources claim ended in a victory by
553:. Presumably later that year, Birger led an expedition to
1251:
The
Century of the Jarl: A History of 13th-century Sweden
843:
841:
646:
There is a statue of the great duke in his own square
1333:
1100:
1247:
Jarlens sekel: en berättelse om 1200-talets Sverige
981:
Kingship and State Formation in Sweden: 1130 - 1290
838:
1271:
1144:
1123:
1069:
1030:
965:
881:
879:
877:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
630:. Birger died on 21 October 1266, at Jälbolung in
617:Cenotaph of Birger jarl at the Stockholm City Hall
309:, which created his base of power. Birger led the
283: – 21 October 1266), also known as
770:, born 1254, Duke of Finland, bishop of Linköping
718:From marriage with Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden
1357:
1185:
1026:
1024:
1022:
356:in 1210, spent his childhood and adolescence in
874:
853:
1272:Lindström, Henrik; Lindström, Fredrik (2006).
1138:
802:List of monarchs and heads of state of Finland
1117:
1063:
1042:
1019:
959:
541:, he also managed to marry off his daughter
945:. Cambridge University Press. p. 227.
777:, born c. 1254, died 30 June 1302, married
514:In 1247, royal troops led by Birger at the
352:Birger, likely born around the time of the
326:
1049:. Cambridge University Press. p. 79.
52:
1155:
1153:
1043:Auty, Robert; Obolensky, Dimitri (1976).
1391:Christians of the Second Swedish Crusade
1241:
1159:
900:
868:
847:
819:
612:
604:
486:
474:
463:
1274:Svitjods undergång och Sveriges födelse
14:
1358:
1300:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
1150:
1217:
1215:
938:
305:. His first marriage was to Princess
977:
942:The Cambridge History of Scandinavia
666:for him at the base of the tower of
779:John I of Saxony, Duke of Lauenburg
733:, co-king of Norway, and secondly,
301:, who played a pivotal role in the
24:
1212:
1046:An Introduction to Russian History
729:, born 1238, married firstly 1251
25:
1427:
1310:
705:
498:depicted him in the 17th century.
62:in Varnhem Church, wears a ducal
1343:
1316:
1078:Society for Creative Anachronism
939:Helle, Knut (4 September 2003).
479:Statue of Birger Jarl (1854) by
383:. His brothers or half-brothers—
1234:
1186:Gillingstam, Hans (1964–1966).
1179:
1129:
1083:
1036:
436:. Birger was responsible for a
321:, around 1250. Birger used the
27:Swedish regent (c. 1210 – 1266)
1145:Lindström & Lindström 2006
1124:Lindström & Lindström 2006
1070:Lindström & Lindström 2006
1031:Lindström & Lindström 2006
998:
971:
966:Lindström & Lindström 2006
932:
906:
813:
764:, born 1250, Duke (of Småland)
379:and the granddaughter of King
287:, was a Swedish statesman and
192:Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden
13:
1:
1072:, pp. 193–195. See also
893:
886:
822:Furstebilder från Folkungatid
807:
545:, then only 11 years old, to
347:
277:
138:
82:
1196:(in Swedish). Vol. 16.
621:
448:during what is known as the
342:
7:
1396:13th-century Swedish people
1198:National Archives of Sweden
1193:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
1101:National Archive of Finland
984:. BRILL. pp. 175–182.
795:
731:Haakon Haakonsson the Young
697:
547:Haakon Haakonsson the Young
10:
1432:
1329:Birger Magnusson Genealogy
790:Siegfried, Count of Anhalt
29:
18:Birger Magnusson of Bjelbo
1226:Personhistorisk tidskrift
1106:15 September 2010 at the
654:in Stockholm, erected by
641:
549:, the eldest son of King
459:
250:
205:
184:
171:
154:
134:
127:
117:
113:
92:
78:
71:
51:
44:
1406:Burials at Varnhem Abbey
735:Henry I, Prince of Werle
638:was opened in May 2002.
522:forces led by pretender
502:When the papal diplomat
218:Valdemar, King of Sweden
1172:Encyclopædia Britannica
1110:. in Swedish. See also
328:dux sveorum et guttorum
315:Swedish rule in Finland
303:consolidation of Sweden
88: – 1266
1278:Albert Bonniers förlag
1006:Suomalaisten keskiaika
820:Svanberg, Jan (1987).
658:at the expense of the
656:Bengt Erland Fogelberg
618:
610:
570:Battle of Herrevadsbro
559:Second Swedish Crusade
557:, later dubbed as the
499:
484:
481:Bengt Erland Fogelberg
472:
327:
311:Second Swedish Crusade
297:, and a member of the
222:Kristina Birgersdotter
58:Birger, depicted in a
1097:on 27 September 2007.
978:Line, Philip (2007).
885:Estimates range from
788:, born 1245, married
660:Governor of Stockholm
616:
608:
490:
478:
467:
417:, the sister of King
213:Rikissa Birgersdotter
1386:History of Stockholm
1325:at Wikimedia Commons
1253:] (in Swedish).
1074:"Battle on the Neva"
662:in 1854. There is a
516:Battle of Sparrsätra
415:Ingeborg Eriksdotter
358:Bjälbo, Östergötland
313:, which established
1376:Swedish politicians
1221:Gillingstam, Hans.
688:Bröllopet på Ulvåsa
668:Stockholm City Hall
628:Matilda of Holstein
551:Haakon IV of Norway
381:Sverker I of Sweden
354:Battle of Gestilren
197:Matilda of Holstein
1147:, pp. 201–206
1126:, pp. 195–198
1033:, pp. 191–193
712:Gregers Birgersson
619:
611:
500:
485:
473:
450:Battle of the Neva
406:, a jarl from the
371:was, according to
307:Ingeborg of Sweden
258:Magnus Minniskiöld
241:Gregers Birgersson
30:For the ship, see
1321:Media related to
1264:978-91-7441-359-5
1056:978-0-521-28038-9
991:978-90-04-15578-7
952:978-0-521-47299-9
850:, pp. 257–58
680:Birger Jarls torn
672:Birger Jarlsgatan
652:Riddarholm Church
648:Birger Jarls Torg
504:William of Modena
442:Novgorod Republic
438:military campaign
362:Magnus Minnesköld
271:
270:
162:(aged 55–56)
16:(Redirected from
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1381:Swedish nobility
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1136:
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1115:
1099:. Hosted by the
1098:
1093:. Archived from
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916:. Archived from
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845:
836:
835:
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539:Treaty of Lödöse
524:Holmger Knutsson
492:The great Prince
446:Alexander Nevsky
432:in 1248 by King
401:
375:, a daughter of
367:Birger's mother
330:
285:Birger Magnusson
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236:Bengt Birgersson
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1188:"Folkungaätten"
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1108:Wayback Machine
1089:
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1037:
1029:
1020:
1016:. See page 119.
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964:
960:
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920:on 5 March 2016
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634:. His grave in
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572:
494:Birger Jarl as
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413:Birger married
408:House of Bjälbo
395:
350:
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299:House of Bjälbo
280:
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231:Eric Birgersson
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179:, Västergötland
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1243:Harrison, Dick
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1231:
1230:
1228:77 (1981): 17.
1211:
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1166:"Birger"
1163:, ed. (1911).
1161:Chisholm, Hugh
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1276:. Stockholm:
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1200:. p. 260
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1135:Kari, p. 149.
1132:
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1114:; in Russian.
1113:
1112:original text
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1080:. In English.
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1014:951-0-28321-5
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1008:. WSOY 2004.
1007:
1001:
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987:
983:
982:
974:
968:, p. 267
967:
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901:Harrison 2002
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871:, p. 271
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869:Harrison 2002
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848:Harrison 2002
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831:91-85884-52-9
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1235:Bibliography
1225:
1202:. Retrieved
1191:
1181:
1170:
1140:
1131:
1119:
1095:the original
1085:
1065:
1045:
1038:
1005:
1000:
980:
973:
961:
941:
934:
922:. Retrieved
918:the original
908:
821:
815:
721:
701:
687:
684:Riddarholmen
645:
625:
594:
586:Lake Mälaren
567:
536:
518:fought with
513:
501:
491:
483:in Stockholm
469:Coat of arms
454:
440:against the
427:
422:
412:
404:Birger Brosa
366:
351:
292:
284:
273:
272:
160:(1266-10-21)
148:Östergötland
146:probably in
39:
33:
1371:1266 deaths
1366:1200 births
1323:Birger jarl
897: 1210
890: 1190
573: [
532:Gästrikland
396: [
373:Olaus Petri
369:Ingrid Ylva
281: 1210
274:Birger Jarl
263:Ingrid Ylva
164:Jälbolung,
142: 1210
118:Predecessor
86: 1248
46:Birger Jarl
34:Birger Jarl
1360:Categories
924:29 October
808:References
784:possibly:
773:possibly:
746:until 1278
744:Gothenland
590:Viking Age
348:Early life
331:("duke of
1296:cite book
1204:18 August
622:Late life
581:Stockholm
526:, son of
343:Biography
325:title of
319:Stockholm
185:Spouse(s)
1255:Ordfront
1245:(2002).
1104:Archived
796:See also
786:Katarina
775:Ingeborg
750:Kristina
740:Valdemar
702:Source:
698:Children
694:(1865).
676:Norrmalm
664:cenotaph
650:next to
563:Valdemar
377:Sune Sik
122:Ulf Fase
105:Valdemar
93:Monarchs
781:in 1270
727:Rikissa
555:Finland
543:Rikissa
520:Folkung
509:Folkung
434:Eric XI
251:Parents
100:Eric XI
64:coronet
1350:Sweden
1336:Portal
1284:
1261:
1053:
1012:
988:
949:
828:
642:Legacy
600:Lübeck
595:ledung
460:Career
391:, and
333:Swedes
289:regent
172:Buried
79:Tenure
60:corbel
1249:[
768:Bengt
577:]
400:]
393:Bengt
385:Eskil
337:Geats
323:Latin
206:Issue
129:
1302:link
1282:ISBN
1259:ISBN
1206:2024
1051:ISBN
1010:ISBN
986:ISBN
947:ISBN
926:2017
826:ISBN
762:Eric
430:jarl
389:Karl
339:").
335:and
294:jarl
155:Died
135:Born
892:to
690:by
682:on
674:on
32:MS
1362::
1298:}}
1294:{{
1280:.
1257:.
1214:^
1190:.
1169:.
1152:^
1021:^
894:c.
887:c.
876:^
855:^
840:^
575:sv
398:sv
387:,
291:,
278:c.
139:c.
83:c.
1338::
1304:)
1290:.
1267:.
1208:.
1059:.
994:.
955:.
928:.
899:(
834:.
276:(
37:.
20:)
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