1421:
also considers the sharper 5.g3 g4 6.Nh4 favourable for White, giving as the main line 6...Ne7 7.d4 Ng6 8.Nxg6 hxg6 9.Qd3 Nc6 (9...Rh5 10.Bg2; 9...Na6 10.c3) 10.c3 (10.Nc3? Nxd4! 11.Qxd4?? Bxg3+ wins White's queen) Bf5 (10...Qe7 11.Bg2! Bd7 12.Nd2 0-0-0 13.Ne4! favoured White in Taylor–Becerra Rivero, Minneapolis 2005) 11.e4 Qe7 12.Bg2 0-0-0 13.Be3. According to Taylor, White has a large advantage in all lines, although play remains extremely sharp, e.g. 13...Rde8 14.Nd2; 13...Rxh2 14.Rxh2 Bxg3+ 15.Kd1 Bxh2 16.exf5! Re8 17.fxg6! Qxe3 18.Qxe3 Rxe3 19.gxf7; or 13...Bd7 (threatening 14...Rxh2!) 14.Bf2!
1245:
1238:
1217:
1210:
1077:
1070:
1049:
1042:
816:
809:
788:
781:
648:
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613:
285:
278:
257:
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117:
110:
89:
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1224:
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627:
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At lichess.org, in the 1600-2200 rating range in Rapid, Classical, and
Correspondence time controls White wins 50% of the time while losing 45% of the time in the 2,600,000 games in their database. In those games the most common responses to 1.f4 are d5 (41%), e6 (11%), c5 (9%), e5 (7%) and Nf6 (7%).
1441:
The flexible 1...Nf6 is also possible. Then if White plays 2.b3?! (2.Nf3 is safer), 2...d6! 3.Bb2?! (or 3.Nf3 e5! 4.fxe5 dxe5 5.Nxe5?? Qd4!) e5!, a sort of From's Gambit
Deferred introduced by IM Michael Brooks, is dangerous for White, e.g. 4.fxe5 dxe5 5.Bxe5 Ng4! Then 6.Bb2 Bd6 "leaves White in huge
1627:
According to the similar site 365chess.com, which includes data for lower-level games, as of August 2015, out of 20,010 games with 1.f4, White had won 35.1%, drawn 25%, and lost 39.9%, for a total score of 47.6%. The five more popular openings are still substantially more successful for White: 1.e4
1624:: as of February 2013, out of 3,872 games with 1.f4, White had won 30.7%, drawn 32%, and lost 37.7%, for a total score of 46.7%. White scores much better with the more popular 1.e4 (54.25%), 1.d4 (55.95%), 1.Nf3 (55.8%), 1.c4 (56.3%), and 1.g3 (55.8%), as well as with the less popular 1.b3 (52.5%).
1505:
in Larsen–Colon Romero, San Juan 1969. Instead, 4...e6 5.Qh5+ forces the weakening 5...g6, with a slight advantage to White according to Taylor. Also possible is the aggressive 2.e4!?, when Taylor analyses 2...fxe4 3.d3 exd3 4.Bxd3 Nf6 5.Nf3 (5.g4 is well met by 5...d5, when after 6.g5, 6...Bg4 and
963:
to increase their hold on the e5-square. Another strategy, by analogy with the Ilyin–Zhenevsky variation of the Dutch
Defence, involves White playing Nf3, e3, Be2, 0-0, d3 and attempting to achieve the break e3–e4 by various means, e.g. Ne5, Bf3, Qe2 and finally e3–e4, or simply Nc3 followed by e4.
1420:
leads to a dubious piece sacrifice) Bxe5 7.dxe5 Qxd1+ 8.Kxd1 Nc6 9.Nc3! Be6 (9...Nxe5?! 10.Bf4 f6 11.Nd5 Kd8 12.Nxf6!) 10.Bf4 0-0-0+ 11.Ke1 Nge7 12.e3 Ng6 13.Bg5 Rdf8 14.Bf6 Rhg8 15.Be2 Ngxe5 16.Rf1 "with the typical edge for White that is characteristic of this variation", according to Taylor. He
967:
White can also play 2.c4, the
Mujannah-Sturm gambit. This is a decent opening and seems to borrow ideas from the RĂ©ti Opening (1.Nf3 d5 2.c4) and the Queen's Gambit Accepted. Eventually, this move order is followed by Nf3. The best move in this position is 2...d4, where the game continues in the
1664:"Having forgotten familiar openings, I commenced adopting KBP for first move, and finding it led to highly interesting games out of the usual groove, I became partial to it." — Henry Bird (1873, entering match play after a six year absence from chess); Hooper and Whyld (1987), p. 32.
1384:
with 2.e4. This is an important option which may cause Black to consider playing a different line if they wish to avoid the King's Gambit. It has been observed that one of the possible disadvantages of From's Gambit is that it is very easy for White to avoid.
1550:
Another offbeat try is Martin
Appleberry's 1...Nh6!?, also known as the Horsefly, which exploits the closed c1-h6 diagonal. One idea is to meet 2.b3 with 2...e5, another deferred From Gambit, and 2.e4 with 2...d5, when 3.exd5 Qxd5 would result in a
1559:
Another possible reply by Black is 1...Nc6. With this move, Black lays the support for the advance of the e-pawn. The general sequence of moves that Black may opt for is ...g6, ...Bg7 and ...d6 and eventually advance the
1472:, after 2.e4 d5! 3.exd5 (3.Nc3, the mellifluously named "Toilet Variation," is also possible) 3...Nf6, but White need not oblige, and may build up more slowly with 2.Nf3, followed by g3, Bg2, d3, and possibly a later e4.
1555:
where White's pawn is oddly placed on f4. However, 2.Nf3 avoids both of these lines. The primary objective of the
Horsefly is to retain control of e5, preventing the Stonewall attack, but otherwise giving White great
1415:
introduced 4...g5 in the game Bird–Lasker, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1892, so it is known as "Lasker's
Variation". Taylor considers 4...g5 dubious; a quiet response that he considers favourable for White is 5.d4 g4 6.Ne5!
1506:
6...Ne4 both favour Black) 5...d5 6.0-0, when he considers White to have some, but not enough, compensation for the sacrificed pawn. Another possible continuation is 2...fxe4 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.g4, the
1547:
after 3...fxg6. A variant is the Hobbs–Zilbermints Gambit, 1...h6 intending 2...g5; against this, White could proceed with 2.e4 g5 3.d4, when Black has lost time and weakened their kingside.
1501:
If Black chooses the symmetrical reply 1...f5, Taylor considers White's best line to be quiet play with 2.b3 b6 3.Bb2 Bb7 4.e3, when 4...Nf6 5.Bxf6! exf6 6.Nf3 left White with the better
2057:
1896:
White's overall winning percentage is calculated by taking the percentage of games won by White and adding half of the percentage of drawn games, in this case 32.8 plus half of 25.3.
968:
style of the RĂ©ti
Opening, with 3.Nf3 being a possible next move. 2.c4 is not a true gambit, since if Black tries to hold on to their pawn, they will be punished (2.c4 dxc4 3.e3 b5
1632:
Black's most successful response to Bird's
Opening in that rating range is e5, where Black's win percentage is 50-46%, but that evens to 48-48% when White plays 2.fxe5.
517:
first played it in 1855 and continued to do so for the next 40 years. After a six year break from Chess, he forgot how to play the more familiar openings. In 1885, the
2050:
1450:
after 7.Nf3 Bxh2! 8.Rxh2 Nxh2. After the alternative 6.Bg3, 6...Qf6! (even better than 6...Bd6) 7.c3 (not 7.Nc3? Ne3! 8.dxe3 Bb4) Bd6 is strong for Black.
2604:
2043:
1563:
Another possible reply is 1...e6. This exploits the weakness created by 1.f4 on the e1–h4 diagonal by releasing the queen, and also releases the
1498:. After the natural 2.e4 Bb7, White has no good way to protect e4 while maintaining their attack on b5, since 3.Nc3? b4 4.Nd5 e6 wins a pawn.
457:. White's strategic ideas involve control of the e5-square, offering good attacking chances at the expense of slightly weakening their own
3833:
1388:
If White accepts the gambit with 2.fxe5, Black must choose between the main line 2...d6 and the rather obscure 2...Nc6. After 2...Nc6,
1646:
1408:. Then Black again has two alternatives: 4...g5 to drive away White's knight, and 4...Nf6, threatening 5...Ng4 and 6...Nxh2! Future
3390:
1475:
The offbeat 1...b6!? is also known, and more soundly based than the same move after 1.e4 or 1.d4, since 1.f4 does not aid White's
3848:
3808:
506:
3828:
1571:
without offering a pawn, unlike the From Gambit. White should avoid playing 2.g4?? as it leads to 2...Qh4# (a variation of the
1535:
An aggressive but rare response is 1...g5?!, the Hobbs Gambit, with play possibly continuing 2.fxg5 h6, a sort of mirror image
3823:
2007:
1957:
3380:
3768:
3631:
3621:
3385:
964:
Timothy Taylor's book on Bird's
Opening suggests as a main line: 1.f4 d5 2.Nf3 g6 3.e3 Bg7 4.Be2 Nf6 5.0-0 0-0 6.d3 c5.
3906:
3376:
3371:
1518:
Wagner–Kostin, 1910–11. The term "Swiss Gambit" is often used to refer more generally to 1.f4 f5 2.e4. Chess historian
2699:
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3606:
2026:
1985:
1683:
3813:
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3721:
3611:
2361:
2356:
469:(1...e5); however, the From Gambit is notoriously double-edged and should only be played after significant study.
3798:
3788:
2309:
1620:'s position. Chessgames.com's statistics indicate that the opening is not an effective way of preserving White's
1519:
544:
474:
405:
3793:
3783:
3778:
2446:
2408:
510:
3928:
3838:
3773:
3354:
3116:
2667:
1976:
1621:
443:
3192:
2672:
2252:
1491:. Taylor recommends 2.e4 Bb7 3.d3 e6 4.Nf3 Ne7 5.c3 d5 6.Qc2 Nd7 7.Be3, with a spatial advantage for White.
3942:
3891:
3601:
1461:(if White plays e4 and Black plays ...c5). Black thus prevents White from playing on the a1–h8 diagonal.
957:
4015:
3993:
3901:
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3550:
3502:
3497:
3487:
3155:
2833:
2677:
1565:
937:
484:
1522:
has criticized that usage, pointing out that 1.f4 f5 2.e4 was analysed by F.A. Lange in the June 1859
1401:
1400:
g5! when Black stands well. After the normal 2...d6 3.exd6 Bxd6, White must play 4.Nf3, avoiding 4.Nc3
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1967:
1597:
1552:
1515:
1483:, and weakens the a8–h1 diagonal as the move f3 is no longer available to shore up White's
1457:, which may transpose into a reversed Dutch Defense (if Black plays ...d5 and ...c5), or a
1389:
8:
3913:
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3332:
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1743:
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1609:
1514:(1868–1942), a Polish chess player and openings analyst who introduced it in the Swiss
505:, published c. 1497. In the mid-nineteenth century the opening was sometimes played by
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2560:
2521:
2388:
2232:
2194:
2022:
2003:
1981:
1953:
1679:
1601:
927:
Black's most common response is 1...d5, when the game can take on the character of a
514:
3998:
3871:
3713:
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3567:
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3312:
3307:
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3212:
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2134:
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1995:
1511:
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548:
524:
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2019:
Bird's Opening: Detailed Coverage of an Underrated and Dynamic Choice for White
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1971:
928:
540:
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435:
1588:
Out of the twenty possible opening moves, 1.f4 ranks sixth in popularity in
1539:. White can simply return the pawn with 3.g6, leaving Black with a weakened
958:
4057:
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536:
1628:(53.15%), 1.d4 (54.8%), 1.Nf3 (55.4%), 1.c4 (54.65%), and 1.g3 (54.9%).
465:. Black may challenge White's plan to control e5 immediately by playing
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1909:
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1405:
1392:(IM) Timothy Taylor, in his 2005 book on the Bird's, recommends 3.Nc3
975:
3866:
943:
with Nf3, g3, Bg2, and 0–0 with a reversed Leningrad Dutch; adopt a
478:
assigns two codes for Bird's Opening: A02 (1.f4) and A03 (1.f4 d5).
3676:
2724:
2065:
1542:
1445:
1359:
950:
460:
2398:
503:
RepeticiĂłn de Amores y Arte de Ajedrez con Cien Juegos de Partido
1486:
2865:
1612:. It is less than one-twentieth as popular as the mirror image
1464:
Also reasonable is 1...c5, hoping for a transposition into the
931:(1.d4 f5) with colours reversed. White will then often either
2318:
2383:
1575:). 2.e4 transposes to the La Bourdonnais Variation of the
523:
named it after him. In the first half of the 20th century
972:
4.a4 c6? 5.axb5 cxb5 6.Qf3, where Black must part with a
4052:
2287:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1848:
535:
who have used the Bird's with any regularity include
1442:
trouble down the e1–h4 diagonal", and Black wins an
1952:(15th ed.). Random House Puzzles & Games.
1428:, since black will respond with Qh4#, which is a
4075:
989:
560:
29:
1904:
1902:
1616:(1.c4). The move 1.f4 slightly weakens White's
531:sometimes played 1.f4. In more recent decades,
1453:Another popular response is 1...g6, a sort of
2303:
2051:
980:, akin to the Queen's Gambit Accepted trap).
1899:
1528:, and was played by many players, including
1966:
1424:The worst response to From’s Gambit is 2.g4
1396:Nxe5 4.d4 intending 5.e4, rather than 3.Nf3
947:with pawns on d4, e3, and f4 and attempt a
2310:
2296:
2058:
2044:
1944:
1376:(1828–1895). White then has the option to
1647:List of chess openings named after people
1494:Also possible is 1...b5!?, a form of the
1994:
1435:
983:
449:Named after 19th century English player
1932:
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2016:
1579:(the normal order being 1.e4 e6 2.f4).
1223:
1055:
794:
626:
263:
95:
2291:
2066:White's twenty opening moves in chess
2039:
1744:"The chess games of Henrik Danielsen"
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1372:, named for the Danish chess player
1673:
513:, among others. The British master
13:
1718:"The chess games of Lars Karlsson"
14:
4095:
4051:
3722:List of strong chess tournaments
1468:, a favourable variation of the
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2700:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
1926:
1890:
1881:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1698:Hooper and Whyld (1992), p. 40.
475:Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings
453:, Bird's opening is a standard
2000:Beating Unusual Chess Openings
1938:Black is O.K. in Rare Openings
1781:
1772:
1763:
1736:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1667:
1658:
1:
3820:Computer chess championships
1977:The Oxford Companion to Chess
1652:
1583:
497:The opening was mentioned by
1532:, in the nineteenth century.
1404:Qh4+ 5.g3 Qxg3+ 6.hxg3 Bxg3
955:attack; or fianchetto their
7:
3602:Bishop and knight checkmate
1980:. Oxford University Press.
1635:
1510:. This gambit was named by
438:characterised by the move:
10:
4100:
3765:Other world championships
1832:Taylor (2005), pp. 214–16.
1814:Taylor (2005), pp. 202–03.
1796:Taylor (2005), pp. 135–45.
1787:Taylor (2005), pp. 149–52.
1778:Taylor (2005), pp. 150–51.
1707:de Firmian (2008), p. 732.
1676:Fundamental Chess Openings
492:
480:
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3956:
3859:
3712:
3612:Opposite-coloured bishops
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2021:. Gloucester Publishers.
2002:. Gloucester Publishers.
554:
415:
403:
395:
26:
3739:World Chess Championship
2705:World Chess Hall of Fame
2017:Taylor, Timothy (2005).
1910:"Chess Opening Explorer"
1805:Palliser (2006), p. 124.
487:to describe chess moves.
4033:Simultaneous exhibition
3943:Chess newspaper columns
3632:Rook and bishop vs rook
3622:Queen and pawn vs queen
1678:. Gambit Publications.
3488:Richter–Veresov Attack
3476:Queen's Indian Defence
1887:Adorján (1998), p. 27.
1823:Taylor (2005), p. 210.
1769:Taylor (2005), p. 182.
1642:List of chess openings
1525:Deutsche Schachzeitung
984:From's Gambit: 1...e5
499:Luis RamĂrez de Lucena
3749:Candidates Tournament
3637:Rook and pawn vs rook
3607:King and pawn vs king
3558:List of chess gambits
3461:King's Indian Defence
3139:Isolated Queen's Pawn
2663:List of chess players
2605:Top player comparison
2404:Internet chess server
1950:Modern Chess Openings
1436:Other Black responses
3466:Nimzo-Indian Defence
3362:Scandinavian Defense
3323:Semi-Italian Opening
3228:King's Indian Attack
3117:first-move advantage
2770:Threefold repetition
2695:Bobby Fischer Center
2580:Charlemagne chessmen
2574:Göttingen manuscript
2538:
2379:Correspondence chess
1622:first-move advantage
1592:'s database, behind
1564:
1553:Scandinavian Defense
1540:
1484:
1476:
1443:
1390:International Master
1357:
973:
956:
948:
936:
458:
3694:Two knights endgame
3446:Bogo-Indian Defence
3333:Two Knights Defense
3273:Nimzowitsch Defence
2963:Artificial castling
2600:Soviet chess school
2475:Dubrovnik chess set
1516:correspondence game
1374:Martin Severin From
945:Stonewall formation
529:Savielly Tartakower
23:
3924:endgame literature
3471:Old Indian Defense
3381:Accelerated Dragon
3253:Alekhine's Defence
2985:Checkmate patterns
2854:symbols in Unicode
2849:annotation symbols
2612:Geography of chess
2480:Staunton chess set
2176:Nimzowitsch-Larsen
1863:"Opening Explorer"
1843:'The Swiss Gambit'
485:algebraic notation
483:This article uses
21:
4071:
4070:
3948:Chess periodicals
3877:Chess in the arts
3809:Chess composition
3647:Philidor position
3588:
3587:
3530:Trompowsky Attack
3513:Semi-Slav Defence
3403:Queen's Pawn Game
3283:Four Knights Game
3258:Caro–Kann Defence
3223:Zukertort Opening
3010:Discovered attack
2730:Cheating in chess
2567:Versus de scachis
2285:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2009:978-1-85744-429-2
1996:Palliser, Richard
1959:978-0-8129-3682-7
1349:
1348:
920:
919:
543:, Lars Karlsson,
515:Henry Edward Bird
425:
424:
389:
388:
4091:
4058:Chess portal
4056:
4055:
3999:Leela Chess Zero
3930:Oxford Companion
3882:early literature
3872:Chess aesthetics
3617:Pawnless endgame
3568:Bongcloud Attack
3546:List of openings
3518:Chigorin Defense
3456:GrĂĽnfeld Defence
3367:Sicilian Defence
3313:Ponziani Opening
3308:Philidor Defence
3303:Petrov's Defence
3245:King's Pawn Game
3218:Larsen's Opening
3181:
3180:
2542:
2312:
2305:
2298:
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2267:
2255:
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2013:
1991:
1963:
1946:de Firmian, Nick
1941:
1921:
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1696:
1690:
1689:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1568:
1544:
1512:Alexander Wagner
1488:
1480:
1470:Sicilian Defence
1459:Sicilian Defence
1447:
1361:
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1240:
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549:Henrik Danielsen
545:Mikhail Gurevich
525:Aron Nimzowitsch
462:
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105:
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98:
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84:
83:
77:
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71:
70:
30:
24:
20:
4099:
4098:
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4072:
4067:
4050:
4042:
3952:
3938:Chess libraries
3855:
3759:FIDE Grand Prix
3754:Chess World Cup
3708:
3704:Wrong rook pawn
3642:Lucena position
3584:
3534:
3451:Catalan Opening
3426:English Defence
3411:Budapest Gambit
3397:
3355:Austrian Attack
3239:
3208:English Opening
3170:
3166:School of chess
3149:Minority attack
3081:
3050:Queen sacrifice
2949:
2810:
2806:White and Black
2801:Touch-move rule
2760:Perpetual check
2755:Fifty-move rule
2711:
2547:
2544:
2451:
2321:
2316:
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2088:
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2079:
2077:
2067:
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2029:
2010:
1988:
1960:
1934:Adorján, András
1929:
1924:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1871:
1861:
1860:
1849:
1841:Edward Winter,
1840:
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1822:
1818:
1813:
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1800:
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1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1638:
1614:English Opening
1586:
1570:
1546:
1530:Adolf Anderssen
1490:
1482:
1449:
1438:
1364:reply is 1...e5
1363:
1354:
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511:Elijah Williams
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489:
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68:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4097:
4087:
4086:
4084:Chess openings
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3981:
3979:Chess composer
3976:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3926:
3921:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3874:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3834:North American
3831:
3826:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3727:Chess Olympiad
3724:
3718:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3578:Scholar's mate
3575:
3570:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3493:Queen's Gambit
3490:
3485:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3436:Benoni Defence
3431:Indian Defence
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3374:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3347:
3345:Owen's Defence
3342:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3275:
3270:
3268:Modern Defence
3265:
3263:French Defence
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3198:Bird's Opening
3195:
3189:
3187:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3129:Pawn structure
3126:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2973:Alekhine's gun
2965:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2886:Half-open file
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2829:Chess notation
2826:
2820:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2786:
2784:Pawn promotion
2781:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2687:
2685:Women in chess
2682:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2595:Hypermodernism
2592:
2590:Romantic chess
2587:
2585:Lewis chessmen
2582:
2577:
2570:
2557:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2423:world rankings
2415:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2401:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2352:Computer chess
2349:
2348:
2347:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2292:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2260:
2258:
2247:
2245:
2228:
2226:
2215:
2213:
2202:
2200:
2183:
2181:
2170:
2168:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2014:
2008:
1992:
1986:
1972:Whyld, Kenneth
1964:
1958:
1942:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1912:. 365Chess.com
1898:
1889:
1880:
1868:Chessgames.com
1847:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1749:Chessgames.com
1735:
1723:Chessgames.com
1709:
1700:
1691:
1684:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1634:
1590:Chessgames.com
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1577:French Defense
1561:
1557:
1548:
1533:
1503:pawn structure
1499:
1496:Polish Defense
1492:
1473:
1462:
1455:Modern Defense
1451:
1437:
1434:
1413:Emanuel Lasker
1410:world champion
1351:after 1.f4 e5
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
988:
987:
985:
982:
959:queen's bishop
922:after 1.f4 d5
921:
918:
917:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
887:
884:
880:
879:
876:
872:
871:
868:
864:
863:
860:
856:
855:
852:
848:
847:
844:
840:
839:
836:
832:
831:
828:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
680:
673:
666:
659:
652:
645:
638:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
597:
595:
591:
590:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
559:
558:
556:
553:
520:Hereford Times
507:La Bourdonnais
494:
491:
482:
481:
447:
446:
428:Bird's Opening
423:
422:
417:
413:
412:
409:
401:
400:
397:
393:
392:
387:
386:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
356:
353:
349:
348:
345:
341:
340:
337:
333:
332:
329:
325:
324:
321:
317:
316:
313:
309:
308:
305:
301:
300:
297:
289:
282:
275:
268:
261:
254:
247:
240:
233:
226:
219:
212:
205:
198:
191:
184:
177:
170:
163:
156:
149:
142:
135:
128:
121:
114:
107:
100:
93:
86:
79:
72:
66:
64:
60:
59:
57:
54:
51:
48:
45:
42:
39:
36:
33:
28:
27:
22:Bird's Opening
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4096:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4039:
4038:Solving chess
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4028:Chess prodigy
4026:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4011:Chess problem
4009:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3919:opening books
3917:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3907:short stories
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:Art and media
3858:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3672:triangulation
3670:
3668:
3667:Tarrasch rule
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Queen vs pawn
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3483:London System
3481:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:Modern Benoni
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:Dutch Defence
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3298:King's Gambit
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:Grob's Attack
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3203:Dunst Opening
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:Benko Opening
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3185:Flank opening
3182:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:Transposition
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2690:Chess museums
2688:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Notable games
2656:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2447:World records
2445:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2418:Rating system
2416:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2275:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2221:Van 't Kruijs
2214:
2211:
2209:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2030:
2028:1-85744-402-7
2024:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1987:0-19-866164-9
1983:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1968:Hooper, David
1965:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1940:. CAISSA Ltd.
1939:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1893:
1884:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1844:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1687:
1685:9781906454135
1681:
1677:
1670:
1661:
1657:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1567:king's bishop
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1520:Edward Winter
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1382:King's Gambit
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:From's Gambit
1367:
1362:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
992:
991:
981:
978:
971:
965:
961:
953:
946:
941:
939:king's bishop
934:
930:
929:Dutch Defence
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
890:
889:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
873:
869:
866:
865:
861:
858:
857:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
841:
837:
834:
833:
829:
593:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
563:
562:
552:
550:
546:
542:
541:Andrew Soltis
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
486:
479:
477:
476:
470:
468:
467:From's Gambit
463:
456:
455:flank opening
452:
445:
441:
440:
439:
437:
436:chess opening
433:
429:
421:
418:
414:
410:
408:
407:
402:
398:
394:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
359:
358:
354:
351:
350:
346:
343:
342:
338:
335:
334:
330:
327:
326:
322:
319:
318:
314:
311:
310:
306:
303:
302:
298:
62:
61:
58:
55:
52:
49:
46:
43:
40:
37:
34:
32:
31:
25:
18:Chess opening
16:
3984:Chess engine
3969:Chess boxing
3929:
3699:Wrong bishop
3551:theory table
3525:Torre Attack
3508:Slav Defence
3416:Colle System
3391:Scheveningen
3350:Pirc Defence
3293:Italian Game
3288:Giuoco Piano
3233:RĂ©ti Opening
3197:
3156:Piece values
3144:MarĂłczy Bind
3105:the exchange
3095:Compensation
3025:Interference
3015:Double check
2789:Time control
2776:
2750:by agreement
2678:grandmasters
2622:South Africa
2572:
2565:
2541:Score sheets
2487:Chess pieces
2394:Online chess
2340:Chess titles
2335:Chess theory
2261:
2248:
2229:
2216:
2203:
2184:
2171:
2152:
2125:
2108:Queen's Pawn
2018:
1999:
1975:
1949:
1937:
1927:Bibliography
1914:. Retrieved
1892:
1883:
1872:. Retrieved
1866:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1754:. Retrieved
1752:. 2010-07-26
1747:
1738:
1727:. Retrieved
1721:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1675:
1669:
1660:
1630:
1626:
1587:
1556:flexibility.
1537:Benko Gambit
1523:
1508:Swiss Gambit
1507:
1423:
1387:
1369:
1355:
966:
926:
533:grandmasters
518:
502:
501:in his book
496:
473:
471:
466:
448:
432:Dutch Attack
431:
427:
426:
404:
15:
3914:Chess books
3714:Tournaments
3573:Fool's mate
3338:Vienna Game
3328:Scotch Game
3161:Prophylaxis
3077:Zwischenzug
3062:Undermining
3030:Overloading
2990:Combination
2839:descriptive
2534:Chess table
2529:Chess clock
2345:Grandmaster
2117:King's Pawn
1573:Fool's Mate
1479:development
1430:Fool’s mate
976:minor piece
537:Bent Larsen
416:Named after
4021:joke chess
3974:Chess club
3662:opposition
3124:Middlegame
3112:Initiative
3035:Pawn storm
3000:Deflection
2871:Key square
2861:Fianchetto
2794:Fast chess
2778:En passant
2470:chessboard
1916:2022-10-09
1874:2009-02-06
1756:2012-09-07
1729:2012-09-07
1653:References
1584:Popularity
1466:Tal Gambit
933:fianchetto
451:Henry Bird
420:Henry Bird
4004:Stockfish
3994:Deep Blue
3989:AlphaZero
3897:paintings
3689:Tablebase
3653:Strategy
3563:Irregular
3318:Ruy Lopez
3278:Open Game
3045:Sacrifice
3005:Desperado
2908:connected
2881:Open file
2876:King walk
2834:algebraic
2765:Stalemate
2740:Checkmate
2465:Chess set
2457:Equipment
2233:Zukertort
2195:Saragossa
2163:Anderssen
1674:Sterran.
1406:checkmate
1380:into the
1378:transpose
4078:Category
4063:Category
4016:glossary
3677:Zugzwang
3657:fortress
3594:Endgames
3503:Declined
3498:Accepted
3176:Openings
3134:Hedgehog
3100:Exchange
3087:Strategy
3067:Windmill
2918:isolated
2903:backward
2725:Castling
2668:amateurs
2561:Timeline
2435:Variants
2389:Glossary
2372:software
2357:glossary
2090:Sokolsky
1998:(2006).
1974:(1992).
1948:(2008).
1936:(1998).
1636:See also
1543:kingside
1446:exchange
1360:sharpest
1356:Black's
951:kingside
461:kingside
430:(or the
3964:Arbiter
3957:Related
3814:Solving
3804:Amateur
3386:Najdorf
2968:Battery
2955:Tactics
2930:Swindle
2913:doubled
2893:Outpost
2824:Blunder
2639:Armenia
2553:History
2399:Premove
2367:engines
2362:matches
2327:Outline
2272:Clemenz
2263:1.Nh3:
2231:1.Nf3:
2186:1.Nc3:
2154:1.Na3:
2144:Despréz
2099:English
1845:(1998).
1560:e-pawn.
493:History
434:) is a
411:A02–A03
3902:poetry
3892:novels
3867:CaĂŻssa
3799:Senior
3789:Junior
3377:Dragon
3372:Alapin
3057:Skewer
2923:passed
2866:Gambit
2673:female
2634:Europe
2617:Africa
2512:Knight
2507:Bishop
2270:1.h3:
2250:1.g3:
2240:Barnes
2238:1.f3:
2218:1.e3:
2208:Mieses
2205:1.d3:
2193:1.c3:
2173:1.b3:
2161:1.a3:
2156:Durkin
2141:1.h4:
2132:1.g4:
2123:1.f4:
2114:1.e4:
2105:1.d4:
2096:1.c4:
2087:1.b4:
2078:1.a4:
2025:
2006:
1984:
1956:
1682:
1608:, and
1487:centre
1416:(6.Ng5
935:their
555:1...d5
547:, and
3849:WCSCC
3794:Youth
3784:Blitz
3779:Rapid
3769:Women
3732:Women
3684:Study
3539:Other
3072:X-ray
2995:Decoy
2980:Block
2935:Tempo
2898:Pawns
2816:Terms
2735:Check
2717:Rules
2651:India
2644:Spain
2629:China
2522:Fairy
2497:Queen
2428:norms
2319:Chess
2253:Benko
2188:Dunst
1602:1.Nf3
396:Moves
3887:film
3844:WCCC
3839:TCEC
3829:CSVN
3774:Team
3744:List
3020:Fork
2945:Trap
2745:Draw
2517:Pawn
2502:Rook
2492:King
2440:List
2409:list
2384:FIDE
2265:Amar
2135:Grob
2126:Bird
2081:Ware
2023:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1954:ISBN
1680:ISBN
1618:king
1610:1.g3
1606:1.c4
1598:1.d4
1594:1.e4
527:and
509:and
472:The
399:1.f4
3824:CCC
3040:Pin
2844:PGN
442:1.
406:ECO
4080::
1970:;
1901:^
1865:.
1850:^
1746:.
1720:.
1604:,
1600:,
1596:,
1432:.
1426:??
1402:??
1398:?!
1368:,
1366:!?
551:.
539:,
444:f4
3379:/
2311:e
2304:t
2297:v
2059:e
2052:t
2045:v
2031:.
2012:.
1990:.
1962:.
1919:.
1877:.
1759:.
1732:.
1688:.
1418:?
1394:!
1343:h
1340:g
1337:f
1334:e
1331:d
1328:c
1325:b
1322:a
1315:1
1312:1
1307:2
1304:2
1299:3
1296:3
1291:4
1288:4
1283:5
1280:5
1275:6
1272:6
1267:7
1264:7
1259:8
1023:8
1016:h
1013:g
1010:f
1007:e
1004:d
1001:c
998:b
995:a
970:?
914:h
911:g
908:f
905:e
902:d
899:c
896:b
893:a
886:1
883:1
878:2
875:2
870:3
867:3
862:4
859:4
854:5
851:5
846:6
843:6
838:7
835:7
830:8
594:8
587:h
584:g
581:f
578:e
575:d
572:c
569:b
566:a
383:h
380:g
377:f
374:e
371:d
368:c
365:b
362:a
355:1
352:1
347:2
344:2
339:3
336:3
331:4
328:4
323:5
320:5
315:6
312:6
307:7
304:7
299:8
63:8
56:h
53:g
50:f
47:e
44:d
41:c
38:b
35:a
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