592:
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38:
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1534:
to pass through. Therefore, this part of the column looks black and might be referred to as the 'black bile'. On the top of the column there is a white layer, which we today classify as fibrin; it might correspond to Galen's 'phlegm'. The remaining part is a rather clear but somewhat yellowish fluid that surrounds the coagulated column in the middle. It might be called 'yellow bile', but today we recognize it as blood serum.
669:
168:
444:, "yellow bile" (choler), and "black bile". These "humors" are believed to have their roots in the appearance of a blood sedimentation test made in open air, which exhibits a dark clot at the bottom ("black bile"), a layer of unclotted erythrocytes ("blood"), a layer of white blood cells ("phlegm") and a layer of clear yellow serum ("yellow bile").
1533:
If blood is poured into a glass jar, a process of coagulation and sedimentation starts. It ends with four clearly distinct layers: a red region, a yellowish one, a black one, and a white one (Figure 4, left) ... The lowest part of the same column consists of sediment that is too dense to permit light
207:, with the hydrophobic sides towards the fat and hydrophilic sides facing outwards. The hydrophilic sides are negatively charged, and this charge prevents fat droplets coated with bile from re-aggregating into larger fat particles. Ordinarily, the micelles in the
404:, or other benign causes of bile duct narrowing. The most common cause of bile duct obstruction is when gallstone(s) are dislodged from the gallbladder into the cystic duct or common bile duct resulting in a blockage. A blockage of the gallbladder or
364:, for example – a person's vomit may be green or dark yellow, and very bitter. The bitter and greenish component may be bile or normal digestive juices originating in the stomach. Bile may be forced into the stomach secondary to a weakened valve (
349:. Cholesterol gallstones are generally treated through surgical removal of the gallbladder. However, they can sometimes be dissolved by increasing the concentration of certain naturally occurring bile acids, such as
1465:
Shanbhogue, Alampady
Krishna Prasad; Tirumani, Sree Harsha; Prasad, Srinivasa R.; Fasih, Najla; McInnes, Matthew (2011-08-01). "Benign Biliary Strictures: A Current Comprehensive Clinical and Imaging Review".
493:. This mixture, called bile soap or gall soap, can be applied to textiles a few hours before washing as a traditional and effective method for removing various kinds of tough stains.
566:
in bile-farming has been widespread. This practice has been condemned by activists, and some pharmaceutical companies have developed synthetic (non-ursine) alternatives.
222:, which digests the triglycerides, and is able to reach the fatty core through gaps between the bile salts. A triglyceride is broken down into two fatty acids and a
447:
Excesses of black bile and yellow bile were thought to produce depression and aggression, respectively, and the Greek names for them gave rise to the
English words
1789:
1717:
Krejčí, Z; Hanuš L.; Podstatová H.; Reifová E (1983). "A contribution to the problems of the pathogenesis and microbial etiology of cholelithiasis".
1702:
286:
of common duct bile (7.50 to 8.05) is higher than that of the corresponding gallbladder bile (6.80 to 7.65). Bile in the gallbladder becomes more
1671:
290:
the longer a person goes without eating, though resting slows this fall in pH. As an alkali, it also has the function of neutralizing excess
537:
1575:"The invention of certain improvements in the manufacture of soap, which will be particularly applicable to the felting of woollen cloths"
1782:
1738:
Maton, Anthea; Jean
Hopkins; Charles William McLaughlin; Susan Johnson; Maryanna Quon Warner; David LaHart; Jill D. Wright (1993).
1139:
Barabote RD, Tamang DG, Abeywardena SN, et al. (2006). "Extra domains in secondary transport carriers and channel proteins".
388:
which deliver bile from the gallbladder or liver to the duodenum become obstructed. The blockage of bile might cause a buildup of
241:
Since bile increases the absorption of fats, it is an important part of the absorption of the fat-soluble substances, such as the
322:. Feces lack their characteristic brown color and instead are white or gray, and greasy. Steatorrhea can lead to deficiencies in
1557:
1390:
977:
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874:
801:
776:
2064:
2022:
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230:
on the intestine walls. After being transferred across the intestinal membrane, the fatty acids reform into triglycerides (
1751:
1520:
1274:
1574:
1901:
1295:
Guarino, Michele Pier Luc a; Cocca, Silvia; Altomare, Annamaria; Emerenziani, Sara; Cicala, Michele (2013-08-21).
218:
The dispersion of food fat into micelles provides a greatly increased surface area for the action of the enzyme
2059:
1654:
151:. About 400 to 800 milliliters (14 to 27 U.S. fluid ounces) of bile is produced per day in adult human beings.
1604:
817:
1510:
1807:
559:
459:. In the former of those senses, the same theories explain the derivation of the English word bilious from
1694:
1017:
993:
841:
263:
Besides its digestive function, bile serves also as the route of excretion for bilirubin, a byproduct of
1382:
Gastrointestinal and Liver
Pathology E-Book: A Volume in the Series: Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology
330:. In addition, past the small intestine (which is normally responsible for absorbing fat from food) the
2225:
1958:
1355:
591:
2348:
2300:
2264:
2156:
1256:
701:
508:
that uses bile as flavoring. Other areas where bile is commonly used as a cooking ingredient include
1606:
The Modern Soap and
Detergent Industry: The manufacture of special soaps and detergent compositions
400:. There are several potential causes for biliary obstruction including gallstones, cancer, trauma,
1207:
416:. In some instances of biliary obstruction, the bile may become infected by bacteria resulting in
2230:
2161:
1799:
766:
647:
17:
2185:
605:
528:
331:
967:
2353:
2314:
2099:
1547:
1380:
891:
696:
597:
417:
350:
31:
1767:
633:
619:
412:. If the blockage is beyond the confluence of the pancreatic duct, this may cause gallstone
2343:
2094:
1997:
354:
327:
323:
8:
2358:
2046:
743:
429:
238:. Without bile salts, most of the lipids in food would be excreted in feces, undigested.
1737:
2236:
1831:
1761:
1442:
1407:
1331:
1296:
1067:
1042:
727:
505:
471:, which was passed along into some Romance languages as words connoting anger, such as
1266:
1224:
463:, the meaning of gall in English as "exasperation" or "impudence", and the Latin word
1747:
1740:
1726:
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1553:
1516:
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532:
401:
227:
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2198:
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1993:
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1219:
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1103:
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345:
contained in bile will occasionally accrete into lumps in the gallbladder, forming
195:
on the other side; consequently, they tend to aggregate around droplets of lipids (
577:
2017:
1620:
1152:
674:
295:
272:
88:
1762:
Serum immunoglobulin G4 in patients with nonmalignant common bile duct stricture
1297:"Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in gallbladder disease, a story not yet completed"
338:
are not adapted to processing fats, leading to problems in the large intestine.
2166:
2012:
1823:
1175:
935:
918:
688:
524:
373:
369:
264:
765:
Barrett, Kim E.; Barman, Susan M.; Boitano, Scott; Brooks, Heddwen L. (2012).
2337:
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1487:
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1322:
1313:
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1117:
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751:
473:
409:
314:
In the absence of bile, fats become indigestible and are instead excreted in
223:
1092:"Effect of bile salts on the DNA and membrane integrity of enteric bacteria"
1965:
1932:
1922:
1848:
1579:
The London
Journal of Arts and Sciences; and Repertory of Patent Inventions
1495:
1451:
1424:
1340:
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1108:
1091:
952:
682:
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413:
291:
200:
196:
49:
30:
This article is about the fluid produced by the liver. For other uses, see
1730:
1241:
1058:
372:, or powerful muscular contractions and duodenal spasms. This is known as
147:, which is green. When mixed, they are responsible for the brown color of
2221:
2120:
1865:
1261:, Side Effects of Drugs Annual, vol. 4, Elsevier, pp. 258–263,
583:
509:
456:
433:
405:
393:
342:
319:
303:
192:
188:
148:
128:
96:
95:, produced continuously by the liver, and stored and concentrated in the
53:
37:
1479:
1379:
Iacobuzio-Donahue, Christine A.; Montgomery, Elizabeth A. (2011-06-06).
1076:
2246:
2171:
1970:
1891:
1760:
Seleem HM, Nada AS, Naguib MA, Abdelmaksoud OR, El-Gazzarah AR (2021).
535:
boiled in bile. The practice of eating a slain enemy's liver, known as
520:
501:
299:
268:
176:
159:
144:
132:
120:
76:
2241:
2104:
1953:
563:
389:
385:
346:
335:
257:
253:
249:
245:
140:
124:
80:
1716:
139:), and 200 meq/L inorganic salts. The two main pigments of bile are
2050:
2029:
1896:
437:
397:
361:
306:, destroying many of the microbes that may be present in the food.
279:
208:
180:
136:
100:
1941:
490:
448:
365:
242:
235:
204:
167:
2076:
2034:
1946:
1917:
1836:
1672:"Is the end of 'house of horror' bear bile factories in sight?"
1294:
1043:"Diurnal Variations in the pH of Pathological Gallbladder Bile"
45:
1512:
Medicine & Philosophy: A Twenty-First
Century Introduction
2071:
1873:
1797:
1719:
1464:
1408:"Malignant biliary obstruction: From palliation to treatment"
771:(24th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 512.
315:
184:
116:
112:
92:
84:
72:
42:
212:
1695:"Secretion of Bile and the Role of Bile Acids In Digestion"
1378:
1018:"Secretion of Bile and the Role of Bile Acids In Digestion"
994:"Secretion of Bile and the Role of Bile Acids In Digestion"
842:"Secretion of Bile and the Role of Bile Acids In Digestion"
558:
In regions where bile products are a popular ingredient in
287:
234:), before being absorbed into the lymphatic system through
764:
99:. After a human eats, this stored bile is discharged into
1138:
27:
Dark greenish-brown fluid aiding in the digestion of fats
440:, or vital fluids, two of which related to bile: blood,
294:
before it enters the duodenum, the first section of the
283:
664:
436:, the body's health depended on the equilibrium of
1739:
1174:Azer, Samy A.; Sankararaman, Senthilkumar (2019),
489:Soap can be mixed with bile from mammals, such as
1255:Bell, G. D. (1980-01-01), Dukes, M. N. G. (ed.),
893:Food Colloids: Self-Assembly and Material Science
2335:
1173:
1089:
890:Dickinson, Eric; Leser, Martin E. (2007-10-31).
143:, which is orange-yellow, and its oxidised form
1746:. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
1625:Ang Sarap (A Tagalog word for "It's Delicious")
1406:Boulay, Brian R; Birg, Aleksandr (2016-06-15).
1090:Merritt, M. E.; Donaldson, J. R. (2009-09-17).
791:
428:In medical theories prevalent in the West from
384:Biliary obstruction refers to a condition when
1508:
889:
543:
267:recycled by the liver. Bilirubin derives from
1783:
1356:"Nausea and vomiting in adults - NHS Choices"
1699:Colorado State Hypertextbook article on Bile
1645:牧原 Makihara, 憲夫 Norio (December 26, 2008).
1644:
368:), the presence of certain drugs including
91:. In humans, bile is primarily composed of
1790:
1776:
1412:World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
1405:
1258:Drugs used in the management of gallstones
919:"The triglyceride lipases of the pancreas"
896:. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 22.
71:, is a yellow-green fluid produced by the
1669:
1441:
1423:
1330:
1312:
1223:
1107:
1066:
934:
864:
728:"The Discharge of Bile into the Duodenum"
550:, was a tradition of the Satsuma people.
2214:
1509:Johansson, Ingvar; Lynøe, Niels (2008).
1385:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 71.
796:. U.S.: Saunders Elsevier. p. 784.
309:
166:
158:
101:the first section of the small intestine
36:
1552:. Oxford University Press. p. 10.
1545:
1205:
725:
14:
2336:
1602:
1572:
423:
175:Bile or gall acts to some extent as a
1771:
1692:
1040:
965:
768:Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology
360:On an empty stomach – after repeated
1254:
916:
867:Fundamentals of Nursing, 8th edition
744:10.1001/archsurg.1931.01160120127008
1353:
1206:Gorbach, Sherwood L. (1971-06-01).
24:
1686:
969:Biology: Concepts and Applications
818:"Bile pigments - Oxford Reference"
726:Puestow, Charles B. (1931-12-01).
569:
25:
2370:
1515:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 27.
1468:American Journal of Roentgenology
1301:World Journal of Gastroenterology
972:. Cengage Learning. p. 650.
211:have a diameter around 1–50
163:Action of bile salts in digestion
1705:from the original on 29 May 2007
681:
667:
646:
632:
618:
604:
590:
576:
1663:
1638:
1613:
1596:
1566:
1549:Pain: A Very Short Introduction
1539:
1502:
1458:
1399:
1372:
1347:
1288:
1248:
1199:
1167:
1132:
1096:Journal of Medical Microbiology
1083:
1034:
1010:
986:
869:. Elsevier, Inc. p. 1000.
1609:. Technical Press. p. 15.
959:
910:
883:
858:
834:
810:
794:Textbook of Medical Physiology
785:
758:
719:
379:
183:the lipids in food. Bile salt
106:
13:
1:
2006:Bile and pancreatic secretion
1764:. Menoufia Med J; 34:1275-83.
1267:10.1016/S0378-6080(80)80042-0
1225:10.1016/S0016-5085(71)80039-2
712:
115:, bile is composed of 97–98%
1153:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.018
917:Lowe, Mark E. (2002-12-01).
226:, which are absorbed by the
41:Bile (yellow material) in a
7:
966:Starr, Cecie (2007-09-20).
865:A. Potter, Patrica (2013).
660:
154:
10:
2375:
2226:Interstitial cell of Cajal
936:10.1194/jlr.R200012-JLR200
29:
2313:
2301:Enterohepatic circulation
2293:
2272:
2263:
2207:
2184:
2157:Segmentation contractions
2149:
2133:
2113:
2087:
2045:
2005:
1992:
1985:
1931:
1910:
1884:
1822:
1815:
1806:
1649:. Japan: 小学館 Shōgakukan.
1603:Martin, Geoffrey (1951).
1182:, StatPearls Publishing,
923:Journal of Lipid Research
702:Enterohepatic circulation
544:
467:, derived from the Greek
1742:Human Biology and Health
1693:Bowen, R. (2001-11-23).
1621:"Pinapaitan - Ang Sarap"
1314:10.3748/wjg.v19.i31.5029
792:Guyton and Hall (2011).
553:
2231:Basal electrical rhythm
2162:Migrating motor complex
1800:gastrointestinal system
1208:"Intestinal Microflora"
1041:Sutor, D. June (1976).
822:www.oxfordreference.com
496:
484:
56:(setting of bile stasi)
2186:Enteric nervous system
1425:10.4251/wjgo.v8.i6.498
1141:Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1109:10.1099/jmm.0.014092-0
1022:www.vivo.colostate.edu
998:www.vivo.colostate.edu
846:www.vivo.colostate.edu
529:Imperial Japanese Army
527:soldiers of the early
512:and northern parts of
332:gastrointestinal tract
172:
164:
57:
52:in a condition called
2100:Enterochromaffin cell
2095:Enteroendocrine cells
1546:Boddice, Rob (2017).
1059:10.1136/gut.17.12.971
697:Bile acid sequestrant
598:Chenodeoxycholic acid
418:ascending cholangitis
351:chenodeoxycholic acid
324:essential fatty acids
318:, a condition called
310:Clinical significance
171:Recycling of the bile
170:
162:
40:
32:Bile (disambiguation)
2088:Endocrine cell types
560:traditional medicine
396:which can result in
355:ursodeoxycholic acid
328:fat-soluble vitamins
2114:Exocrine cell types
2047:Glucose homeostasis
1573:Newton, W. (1837).
1480:10.2214/AJR.10.6002
732:Archives of Surgery
430:classical antiquity
424:Society and culture
2237:Gastrocolic reflex
1798:Physiology of the
1670:Hance, J. (2015).
506:Philippine cuisine
173:
165:
58:
2331:
2330:
2309:
2308:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2194:Submucous plexus
2180:
2179:
2129:
2128:
1981:
1980:
1559:978-0-19-873856-5
1392:978-1-4557-1193-2
1307:(31): 5029–5034.
1102:(12): 1533–1541.
979:978-0-495-11981-4
929:(12): 2007–2016.
903:978-1-84755-769-8
876:978-0-323-07933-4
803:978-1-4160-4574-8
778:978-0-07-178003-2
451:(from Greek χολή
402:choledochal cysts
278:Bile tends to be
220:pancreatic lipase
50:hematoxylin-eosin
16:(Redirected from
2366:
2349:Digestive system
2323:Peritoneal fluid
2285:Pancreatic juice
2270:
2269:
2212:
2211:
2199:Myenteric plexus
2141:Intestinal juice
2003:
2002:
1990:
1989:
1902:Gastric emptying
1854:Intrinsic factor
1820:
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1500:
1499:
1474:(2): W295–W306.
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1286:
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1283:
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1227:
1218:(6): 1110–1129.
1212:Gastroenterology
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789:
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755:
738:(6): 1013–1029.
723:
707:Intestinal juice
691:
686:
685:
677:
672:
671:
670:
654:Lithocholic acid
650:
640:Deoxycholic acid
636:
626:Taurocholic acid
622:
612:Glycocholic acid
608:
594:
580:
549:
547:
546:
533:ate human livers
282:on average. The
233:
191:on one side and
21:
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2018:Cholecystokinin
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1687:Further reading
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1147:(10): 1557–79.
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570:Principal acids
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426:
382:
312:
296:small intestine
273:glucuronidation
265:red blood cells
231:
157:
109:
89:small intestine
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22:
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2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
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2111:
2110:
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2097:
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2027:
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2013:Enterogastrone
2009:
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2000:
1987:
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1982:
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1894:
1888:
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1881:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1861:Foveolar cells
1858:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1844:Parietal cells
1841:
1840:
1839:
1828:
1826:
1817:
1810:
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1803:
1795:
1794:
1787:
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1662:
1655:
1637:
1612:
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1565:
1558:
1538:
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1457:
1418:(6): 498–508.
1398:
1391:
1371:
1354:Choices, NHS.
1346:
1287:
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689:Animals portal
678:
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596:
589:
587:
582:
575:
571:
568:
555:
552:
498:
495:
486:
483:
455:, "bile") and
425:
422:
381:
378:
374:biliary reflux
311:
308:
156:
153:
127:, 0.51% fats (
108:
105:
79:that aids the
26:
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2024:
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2020:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
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1522:9783110321364
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1276:9780444901309
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1231:
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1209:
1202:
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1181:
1177:
1176:"Steatorrhea"
1170:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
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1123:
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1115:
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886:
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861:
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705:
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700:
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607:
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573:
567:
565:
561:
551:
540:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
507:
504:is a dish in
503:
494:
492:
482:
480:
477:(French) and
476:
475:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
438:four "humors"
435:
431:
421:
419:
415:
411:
410:cholecystitis
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
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352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
244:
239:
237:
232:re-esterified
229:
225:
224:monoglyceride
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:phospholipids
198:
197:triglycerides
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:, helping to
178:
169:
161:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:In the human
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
55:
51:
48:stained with
47:
44:
39:
33:
19:
2354:Biomolecules
2279:
2121:Goblet cells
1966:Somatostatin
1933:Gastric acid
1923:Gastric acid
1849:Gastric acid
1741:
1722:
1718:
1707:. Retrieved
1698:
1676:The Guardian
1675:
1665:
1646:
1640:
1629:. Retrieved
1627:. 2013-08-13
1624:
1615:
1605:
1598:
1587:. Retrieved
1582:
1578:
1568:
1548:
1541:
1532:
1526:. Retrieved
1511:
1504:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1381:
1374:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:
1349:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1280:, retrieved
1257:
1250:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1191:, retrieved
1179:
1169:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:
1012:
1001:. Retrieved
997:
988:
968:
961:
926:
922:
912:
892:
885:
866:
860:
849:. Retrieved
845:
836:
825:. Retrieved
821:
812:
793:
787:
767:
760:
735:
731:
721:
564:use of bears
557:
536:
518:
500:
488:
478:
472:
468:
464:
460:
452:
446:
427:
414:pancreatitis
383:
359:
340:
313:
304:bactericides
302:also act as
292:stomach acid
277:
262:
240:
217:
174:
110:
68:
64:
63:(from Latin
60:
59:
2344:Body fluids
2222:Peristalsis
2208:Either/both
2167:Borborygmus
1832:Chief cells
1725:: 279–286.
584:Cholic acid
531:reportedly
519:During the
481:(Spanish).
457:melancholia
434:Middle Ages
406:cystic duct
394:bloodstream
380:Obstruction
343:cholesterol
320:steatorrhea
215:in humans.
193:hydrophobic
189:hydrophilic
133:fatty acids
129:cholesterol
107:Composition
97:gallbladder
77:vertebrates
54:cholestasis
2359:Hepatology
2338:Categories
2247:Enterocyte
2172:Defecation
1892:Swallowing
1837:Pepsinogen
1709:2007-07-17
1656:4096221139
1631:2016-06-05
1589:2007-02-08
1528:2015-04-23
1365:2016-06-05
1360:www.nhs.uk
1282:2020-01-20
1193:2020-01-20
1180:StatPearls
1027:2018-04-09
1003:2016-06-05
851:2017-03-31
827:2020-01-20
713:References
538:hiemondori
521:Boshin War
502:Pinapaitan
408:may cause
386:bile ducts
347:gallstones
300:Bile salts
269:hemoglobin
203:) to form
177:surfactant
145:biliverdin
121:bile salts
2294:Processes
2265:Accessory
2242:Digestion
2215:Processes
2150:Processes
2105:APUD cell
2051:incretins
1998:paracrine
1994:Endocrine
1959:ECL cells
1954:Histamine
1935:secretion
1885:Processes
1488:0361-803X
1434:1948-5204
1323:1007-9327
1234:0016-5085
1118:0022-2615
945:0022-2275
752:0272-5533
390:bilirubin
336:gut flora
141:bilirubin
125:bilirubin
81:digestion
2030:Secretin
1897:Vomiting
1824:Exocrine
1808:GI tract
1703:Archived
1647:文明国をめざして
1496:21785056
1452:27326319
1341:23964136
1188:31082099
1161:16905115
1126:19762477
953:12454260
661:See also
514:Thailand
398:jaundice
362:vomiting
280:alkaline
243:vitamins
236:lacteals
209:duodenum
205:micelles
181:emulsify
155:Function
137:lecithin
75:of most
2077:L cells
2065:K cells
2035:S cells
2023:I cells
1971:D cells
1947:G cells
1942:Gastrin
1731:6222611
1443:4909451
1332:3746374
1242:4933894
1068:1411240
525:Satsuma
491:ox gall
465:cholera
449:cholera
432:to the
392:in the
370:alcohol
366:pylorus
123:, 0.2%
119:, 0.7%
87:in the
18:Bilious
2273:Fluids
2134:Fluids
1918:Saliva
1911:Fluids
1750:
1729:
1653:
1556:
1519:
1494:
1486:
1450:
1440:
1432:
1389:
1339:
1329:
1321:
1273:
1240:
1232:
1186:
1159:
1124:
1116:
1075:
1065:
976:
951:
943:
900:
873:
800:
775:
750:
562:, the
479:cólera
474:colère
442:phlegm
288:acidic
256:, and
185:anions
135:, and
85:lipids
67:), or
46:biopsy
2072:GLP-1
1986:Lower
1874:Mucus
1816:Upper
1585:: 289
1077:14056
554:Bears
545:冷え物取り
469:kholé
453:kholē
316:feces
228:villi
149:feces
117:water
113:liver
93:water
73:liver
65:bilis
43:liver
2280:Bile
1748:ISBN
1727:PMID
1651:ISBN
1554:ISBN
1517:ISBN
1492:PMID
1484:ISSN
1448:PMID
1430:ISSN
1387:ISBN
1337:PMID
1319:ISSN
1271:ISBN
1238:PMID
1230:ISSN
1184:PMID
1157:PMID
1145:1758
1122:PMID
1114:ISSN
1073:PMID
974:ISBN
949:PMID
941:ISSN
898:ISBN
871:ISBN
798:ISBN
773:ISBN
748:ISSN
510:Laos
497:Food
485:Soap
461:bile
353:and
341:The
334:and
326:and
199:and
187:are
69:gall
61:Bile
2060:GIP
1866:HCO
1723:104
1476:doi
1472:197
1438:PMC
1420:doi
1327:PMC
1309:doi
1263:doi
1220:doi
1149:doi
1104:doi
1063:PMC
1055:doi
1047:Gut
931:doi
740:doi
271:by
83:of
2340::
1721:.
1701:.
1697:.
1674:.
1623:.
1583:IX
1581:.
1577:.
1531:.
1490:.
1482:.
1470:.
1446:.
1436:.
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1410:.
1358:.
1335:.
1325:.
1317:.
1305:19
1303:.
1299:.
1269:,
1236:.
1228:.
1216:60
1214:.
1210:.
1178:,
1155:.
1143:.
1120:.
1112:.
1100:58
1098:.
1094:.
1071:.
1061:.
1051:17
1049:.
1045:.
1020:.
996:.
947:.
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925:.
921:.
844:.
820:.
746:.
736:23
734:.
730:.
523:,
516:.
420:.
376:.
357:.
298:.
284:pH
275:.
260:.
252:,
248:,
213:μm
131:,
103:.
2233:)
2224:(
2053:)
2049:(
1996:/
1868:3
1791:e
1784:t
1777:v
1756:.
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1659:.
1634:.
1592:.
1562:.
1498:.
1478::
1454:.
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1395:.
1368:.
1343:.
1311::
1265::
1244:.
1222::
1163:.
1151::
1128:.
1106::
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1057::
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955:.
933::
906:.
879:.
854:.
830:.
806:.
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754:.
742::
548:)
542:(
258:K
254:E
250:D
246:A
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
