316:
438:, arranged for a diplomatic initiative with Nepal on behalf of Chiang. Chiang's officials reached Kathmandu via India in September 1930 to meet Bhim Shumsher, who was informed that they came to "offer the services of the Chinese government to settle the dispute." The delegation presented Bhim Shumsher with gifts from Chiang Kai-Shek which included porcelain, ancient Chinese textiles, lacquerware, jade, ivory, and other Chinese artifacts. Bhim Shumsher repudiated the Chinese government's claims of involvement in any issue between Tibet and Nepal, however, and noted that British-led mediation had already helped reach a peaceful settlement. The result suggested to China that Chiang Kai-shek's efforts led to the peaceful resolution between Tibet and Nepal, and he had protected Chinese sovereignty.
78:
415:'s maltreatment of S. Gyalpo, a Tibetan-Nepalese who was arrested in the city; Bhim Shumsher's diplomats said that Gyalpo was a Nepalese subject, and the Tibetans disagreed. Gyalpo escaped from custody, and sought shelter at the Nepalese embassy in Lhasa. Tibetan police entered the embassy and took Gyalpo away; the move outraged Bhim Shumsher, who ordered the mobilization of troops in preparation for war against Tibet in February 1930.
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and
Kathmandu's Patan district to high-school standards. However, these aforementioned changes are of no significance given that he was ruling over millions of people. The regular people suffered significantly under him and under Ranarchy, and the majority of citizens lived in absolute destitution.
339:
Although Bhim
Shamsher was considered an autocrat, he introduced several reforms such as making Saturdays a holiday, fixing working hours from 10:00 to 16:00 on weekdays, protecting tenant farmers from land-reform, abolishing duties on cotton and salt, ending the pasture tax, and abolishing capital
301:
Bhim
Shamsher joined the Nepalese Army as a lieutenant colonel in 1868. He became a colonel in 1879, northern commanding general from 1885 to 1887, the eastern commanding general from 1887 to 1901, senior commanding general of the western command and chief of army staff from 1901 to 1907, and heir
426:
of his willingness to send troops and officials to assist the
Tibetans in their fight against the Nepalese. Although the Dalai Lama tactfully declined what he saw as the entry of Han Chinese troops (and officials) into Tibet, Chiang Kai-shek continued to display goodwill towards the Tibetans by
340:
punishment. His wife Sita Bada
Maharani Deela Kumari Devi played a central role in these reforms. Bhim Shamsher built several district hospitals, extended the drinking-water pipelines in eastern Nepal, and built public roads and bridges. Bhim Shamsher oversaw the expansion of waterworks for
408:, since the British wanted to develop a trade route with Tibet via Nepal. Relations between Tibet and Nepal were deteriorating, however, and the British wanted to mediate the dispute. After his visit to India, he was honored by Indian and Chinese governments.
1309:"Political and Related Conditions in Yunnan during April 1930", enclosed in Culver B. Chamberlain (US Consul in Yunnan Fu) to the State Department, 25 July 1930, USFR, 893.00 PR Yunnan/19, in USDS 1930-1939, reel 45
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269:(24 December 1911), and Supradipta Manyabara (Commander-in-Chief). Before becoming ruler of Nepal, Bhim Shumsher was the heir apparent (with the rank of field marshal) from 1907 to 1929.
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The threat of an armed
Tibetan-Nepalese conflict arose in the spring of 1930. Relations between Tibet and Nepal had soured since August 1929 because of what Bhim Shumsher saw as
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1439:
1336:" Tibet and Nationalist China's Frontier: Intrigues And Ethnopolitics, 1928-49" (Contemporary Chinese Studies) by Hsaio-ting Lin; Publisher: UBC Press (6 October 2006);
1293:
Tibet and
Nationalist China's Frontier: Intrigues And Ethnopolitics, 1928-49 (Contemporary Chinese Studies) by Hsaio-ting Lin; Publisher: UBC Press (6 October 2006);
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323:
Bhim
Shumsher became Field Marshal of Nepalese Army on 26 November 1929, Honorary Major General of the British Army on 4 April 1930, Honorary Colonel of the
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on 4 April 1930, and
Honorary General of the Chinese Army on 23 February 1932. He received the Grand Master award of the Most Refulgent
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Bhim
Shumsher held the following titles: T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang (Republic of China), Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski (Nepal),
441:
Bhim Shumsher continued to develop diplomatic relations with Kuomintang politicians during his rule, and balanced relations with the
1318:
Prem R. Uprety, "Nepal-Tibet Relations, 1850-1930: Years of Hopes, Challenges and Frustrations" (Kathmandu: Puga Nara, 1980), 141-45
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1383:"National China Re-establishes Relations with the Kingdom of Nepal," The China Weekly Review (Shanghai), 20 December 1930, 4–5.
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promising to exercise diplomatic pressure on British India and Nepal in the Tibetan-Nepalese dispute.
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during his visit to Nepal in December 1911, and he was crowned ruler of Nepal on 26 November 1929.
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396:, commander-in-chief of the British forces in India, to Kathmandu in 1930. Bhim Shumsher visited
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Bhim Shamsher and his wife, Sita Bada Maharani Deela Kumari Devi, on his coronation day in 1929
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Bhim Shumsher contained the British interests in Nepal to economic support in exchange for
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in India. He also developed diplomatic relations with Japan and several European powers.
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from 26 November 1929 until his death on 1 September 1932. He was born on 16 April 1865.
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Song Hua, "Ni-po-er Fan Zang" (The Nepalese invasion of Tibet), DFZZ 27, 5 (1930): 4–6
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Tensions between the countries placed a heavy burden on Tibetan military defense, and
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region during his reign. His most-notable bridge, Kalo Pul (Black Bridge, over the
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in India in the south, both of whom had interests in Nepal. He received the
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49:
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in Kathmandu) remains in operation, and he upgraded the middle schools of
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British envoy in Nepal to GOI, 13 September 1930, IOR, L/P&S/10/1078
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British envoy in Nepal to GOI, 9 September 1930, IOR, L/P&S/10/1078
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Prakash A Raj, "Maharaj Bhim Shumsherko Jiwani," Nabin Publications,
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apparent and commander-in-chief from 1907 to 1929. Bhim Shamsher was
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35:
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Nepal by Perceval Landon. Published by Asian Educational Services
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Song Hua, "Ni-po-er Fan Zang," 7; Da Gong Bao, 1 April 1930, 13.
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Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
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Her Highness Sri Teen Sita Bada Maharani Deela Kumari Devi
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Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
1440:Nepalese members of the Order of the Star of India
1327:Weir to GOI, 30 April 1930, IOR, L/P&S/10/1088
213:Chhoree Maharani Somgarbha Dibyeshwari Rajya Laxmi
1269:Maharaj Bhim Shumsherko Jiwani By Prakash A Raj,
1425:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
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1445:Nepalese members of the Royal Victorian Order
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457:Ancestors of Bhim Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana
103:26 November 1929 – 1 September 1932
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27:Nepalese head of state (b. 1865, d. 1932)
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204:Padma Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana
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1277:, Publisher: Nabin Publications
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91:Prime Minister of Nepal
1240:, Nabin Publications,
793:5. Ganesh Kumari Thapa
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265:(22 December 1931),
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261:(1 January 1931),
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51:
43:
40:
37:
31:
19:
1379:
1370:
1361:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1265:
1237:
1232:
1216:
1199:
904:
440:
429:
417:
410:
387:
364:
338:
322:
305:aide-de-camp
303:
300:
283:Rana dynasty
276:
256:
247:
243:
242:
173:(1932-09-01)
131:Succeeded by
98:
1405:1932 deaths
1400:1865 births
443:British Raj
371:British Raj
184:Nationality
119:Preceded by
1394:Categories
1342:0774813016
1299:0774813016
1191:References
436:Ma Fuxiang
402:Lord Irwin
367:Kuomintang
157:1865-04-16
1344:, page 57
1248:, page 21
1211:, page 11
354:Bhaktapur
342:Kathmandu
99:In office
89:14th
449:Ancestry
398:Calcutta
344:and the
310:George V
308:to King
285:founder
250:) ruled
227:(father)
200:Children
42:Maharaja
39:Sri Teen
36:Highness
218:Parents
108:Monarch
69:श्री ३
1340:
1297:
1273:
1244:
1224:
1207:
390:Gurkha
273:Family
192:Spouse
187:Nepali
413:Lhasa
406:Tibet
346:Terai
252:Nepal
1338:ISBN
1295:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1242:ISBN
1222:ISBN
1205:ISBN
971:12.
945:24.
826:22.
738:10.
712:20.
484:16.
335:Rule
267:KCVO
263:GCMG
259:GCSI
168:Died
151:Born
62:KCVO
58:GCMG
54:GCSI
50:Rana
34:His
1025:6.
903:1.
672:2.
564:4.
510:8.
1396::
1349:^
1282:^
1253:^
385:.
331:.
60:,
56:,
52:,
246:(
159:)
155:(
20:)
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