Bethlehem Steel - Knowledge

1711: 611: 684: 710: 1723: 1568: 1631: 628: 1675: 1643: 1699: 658: 1292: 1040: 636: 1742: 1687: 1580: 1595: 1615: 1663: 364: 384: 40: 603: 398: 1119: 738: 726: 1761: 845:, Bethlehem Steel was a major supplier of armor plate and ordnance to the U.S. armed forces, including armor plate and large-caliber guns for the U.S. Navy, and was influential to U.S. victories in both wars. Bethlehem Steel "was the most important to America's national defense of any company in the past century. We wouldn't have won World War I and World War II without it", historian Lance Metz told 475:, the U.S. Navy quickly downsized after the end of hostilities as national energies were redirected toward settling the West and rebuilding the war-ravaged South. Almost no new ordnance was produced, and new technology was neglected. By 1881, international incidents highlighted the poor condition of the U.S. fleet and the need to rebuild it to protect U.S. military capabilities, trade, and prestige. 764:. The United States Shipbuilding Company owned Bethlehem Steel Company only a brief time. The United States Shipbuilding Company was in turmoil; its subsidiaries, including the Bethlehem Steel Company, contributed to the United States Shipbuilding Company's problems. Schwab again became involved with Bethlehem Steel Company through the parent company, the United States Shipbuilding Company. 1494:, a song depicting the lives of steelworkers in the twin cities of Allentown and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. "The subject of the song is the demise of the manufacturing industry in the United States. With the closing of Bethlehem Steel a generation of people were left jobless and depressed, wanting to leave but still clinging to the glory their parents were able to achieve." 753:), purchased the Bethlehem Steel Company and made Samuel Broadbent its vice president. During this time, the company's lease with the Bethlehem Iron Company came to an end as the Bethlehem Steel Company gained control of all properties from the Bethlehem Iron Company and the Bethlehem Iron Company ceased operations. 1106:. The case, Lawrence Hollyfield, Fiduciary to the Estate of Collins Hollyfield v. Pension Plan of Bethlehem Steel Corporation and Subsidiary Companies, was settled in favor of Hollyfield in 2001. It led to a class action lawsuit filed by Bethlehem Steel's workers union soon thereafter. This settlement led to 795:

subsidiaries of its own. Bethlehem Steel Corporation became the second largest steel provider in the United States. Both the Bethlehem Steel Company and the Bethlehem Steel Corporation existed simultaneously after 1904 until the 1960s, when the two companies were merged into the Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

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The United States Shipbuilding Company planned in 1903 to reorganize as the Bethlehem Steel and Shipbuilding Company, which would be the second company to use the name Bethlehem Steel. However, the United States Shipbuilding Company was not reorganized as the Bethlehem Steel and Shipbuilding Company;

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The Bethlehem Iron Company was very successful and profitable, and the corporate management of the Bethlehem Iron Company believed that it could be even more profitable. To accomplish that goal, the corporate ownership of the Bethlehem Iron Company switched to steel production, and the company's name

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Jaques was aware that the U.S. Navy would soon solicit bids for the production of heavy guns and other products such as armor that would be needed to further expand the fleet. Jaques contacted the Bethlehem Iron Company with a proposal to serve as an intermediary between it and the Whitworth Company,

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In 1899, Bethlehem Steel Company was established. This was the first company to carry the name Bethlehem Steel. Bethlehem Steel Company, also then known as Bethlehem Steel Works, was incorporated to take over all liabilities of the Bethlehem Iron Company. The Bethlehem Iron Company and the Bethlehem

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manufacturing facilities were first located in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and later expanded to include a major research laboratory in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and plants in Sparrows Point, Maryland, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Lackawanna, New York, and its final and largest site in Burns Harbor, Indiana.

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companies. At the height of its success and productivity, the company was a symbol of American manufacturing leadership in the world, and its decline and ultimate liquidation in the late 20th century is similarly cited as an example of America's diminished manufacturing leadership. From its founding

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In 1982, Bethlehem Steel reported a loss of US$ 1.5 billion and shut down much of its operations. The company's profitability returned briefly in 1988, but restructuring and shutdowns continued through the 1990s. In the mid-1980s, demand for the plant's structural products began to diminish and new

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to compensate workers up to $ 150,000 if they developed cancer later in life, provided their work history involved enough radiation exposure to significantly increase their cancer risk. Bethlehem Steel workers have not been awarded this compensation because the radiation dose involved in processing

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Bethlehem Steel survived the earliest declines in the American steel industry beginning in the 1970s. In 1982, however, the company suspended most of its steelmaking operations after posting a loss of $ 1.5 billion, attributable to increased foreign competition, rising labor and pensions costs, and

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Meanwhile, the age of Bethlehem Steel workers was increasing, and the ratio of retirees to workers was rising, meaning that the value created by each worker had to cover a greater portion of pension costs than before. Former top manager Eugene Grace had failed to adequately invest in the company's

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The site of the company's original plant in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania is home to SteelStacks, an arts and entertainment district. The plant's rusted five blast furnaces were left standing and serve as a backdrop for the new campus. SteelStacks currently features the ArtsQuest Center, a contemporary

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Bethlehem Steel is just one of several U.S. companies to have sourced iron from Latin America. Bethlehem Steel held a presence in Latin America for roughly a century (1880s - 1980s). As such, the company profited greatly from the United States’ economic control over the region. “In a single year,

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The steel industry in the U.S. prospered during and after World War II, while the steel industries in Germany and Japan lay devastated by allied bombardments. Bethlehem Steel's success reached its peak in the late 1950s and early 1960s as the company began manufacturing 23 million tons of steel

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After its formation, the Bethlehem Steel Corporation purchased the Bethlehem Steel Company and its remaining subsidiaries from the United States Shipbuilding Company. The Bethlehem Steel Company became a subsidiary of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, though the Bethlehem Steel Company also had

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By the end of 1995, Bethlehem Steel closed steel-making at its main Bethlehem plant. After roughly 140 years of metal production in Bethlehem, Bethlehem Steel ceased its Bethlehem operations. Two years later, in 1997, Bethlehem Steel Corporation ceased shipbuilding activities in an attempt to

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was built between the spring of 1861 and the summer of 1863 with the first railroad rails being rolled on September 26, 1863. A machine shop, in 1865, and another blast furnace, in 1867, were completed. During its early years, the company produced rails for the rapidly expanding railroads and

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area, announcing plans to revitalize the south side of Bethlehem where its headquarters and primary plant had existed since the mid-19th century. The company hired consultants to develop conceptual plans on the reuse of the massive property, and a consensus emerged to rename the 163 acres

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affiliate. The area includes three outdoor music venues: Levitt Pavilion is a free music venue featuring lawn seating for up to 2,500 people, Air Products Town Square at Steelstacks, and PNC Plaza, which hosts outdoor concerts. Levitt Pavilion and the casino resort are connected via the

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passed a naval appropriations bill that authorized the construction of two armored second-class battleships, one protected cruiser, one first-class torpedo boat, and the complete rebuilding and modernization of two Civil War-era monitors. The two second-class battleships, the

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pension plans during the 1950s. When the company was at its peak, pension contributions that should have been made were not. As a result, the company encountered difficulty when it faced rising pension costs combined with diminishing profits and increased global competition.

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company organized in 1857 in Bethlehem, which was later named the Bethlehem Iron Company. In 1899, the owners of the iron company founded Bethlehem Steel Company and, five years later, Bethlehem Steel Corporation was created to be the steelmaking company's corporate parent.

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joined Bethlehem Steel as a management consultant in order to solve an expensive machine shop capacity problem. Taylor and Maunsel White, with a team of assistants, applied a series of management principles established by Taylor, which would later come to be known as

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World War II, however, drained Bethlehem Steel of much of its male workforce. The company hired female employees to guard and work on the factory floor and in the company offices. After the war, female workers were promptly fired in favor of male counterparts.

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produced a total of 1,121 ships, more than any other builder during the war and nearly one-fifth of the U.S. Navy's two-ocean fleet. Its shipbuilding operations employed as many as 180,000 persons, the lion's share of the company's total employment of 300,000.

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instead, a plan was drawn up for a new company to be formed to replace the United States Shipbuilding Company. The new company was initially to be named Bethlehem Steel and Shipbuilding Company. In 1904, it instead assumed the name Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

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The still preserved but now dormant steel stacks of Bethlehem Steel at the company's former Bethlehem, Pennsylvania manufacturing headquarters. In 2007, much of the former headquarters was acquired by Sands Bethworks, a casino later sold and renamed

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Steel is an alloy made up of iron and carbon, with additional minerals added depending on its use. In the 20th century, sourcing the necessary minerals in the United States was significantly more expensive than supplying them from elsewhere.

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In the early 1900s, Samuel Broadbent led an initiative to diversify the company. The corporation branched out from steel, with iron mines in Cuba and shipyards around the country. In 1913, under Broadbent, Bethlehem Steel acquired the

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plant. Workers were not aware of the dangers of the hazardous substance and were not given protective equipment. Some workers have since attempted to receive compensation under a year 2000 radiation-exposure law. The law required the

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Aerial view of the world's first 160" Plate Mill at Bethlehem Steel's Burns Harbor plant circa 1964. Note the other sections of the plant under construction in the back right of the image. High sand dunes and Lake Michigan in the

1283:. Bethlehem Steel Freight Car Division pioneered the use of aluminum in freight car construction. The Johnstown plant was purchased from Bethlehem Steel through a management buyout in 1991, creating Johnstown America Industries. 1055:

U.S. global leadership in steel manufacturing lasted about two decades during which the U.S. steel industry operated with little foreign competition. Eventually however, foreign firms were rebuilt with modern techniques such as

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was president of Bethlehem Steel from 1916 to 1945, and chairman of the board from 1945 until his retirement in 1957. Grace orchestrated Bethlehem Steel's World War II wartime efforts. In 1943, Grace promised U.S. President

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By the 1970s, imported foreign steel was proving cheaper than domestically produced steel, and Bethlehem Steel faced growing competition from mini-mills and smaller-scale operations that could sell steel at lower prices.

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annually. In 1958, the company's president, Arthur B. Homer, was the highest-paid U.S. business executive, and the firm built the first phase of what would become its largest plant, Burns Harbor between 1962 and 1964 in

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Bethlehem Steel Corporation installed the Gray rolling mill and produced the first wide-flange structural shapes to be made in the United States. These shapes were partly responsible for ushering in the age of the

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1960, U.S. Steel and Bethlehem Steel realized a greater than 30 percent profit on their Venezuelan iron investment, and this profit equaled all the taxes paid to the Venezuelan state in the decade since 1950”

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unveiled a third uniform that honors and harks back to the original Bethlehem Steel F.C. The kit is primarily black with white trim and features a sublimated Union emblem and a Bethlehem Steel FC jock tag.

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competition entered the marketplace. Lighter construction styles, due in part to lower-height construction styles, such as low-rise buildings, did not require the heavy structural grades produced at the

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Bethlehem Steel was one of the world's leading steel manufacturers for most of the 20th century. In 1982, it discontinued most of its operations, declared bankruptcy in 2001, and was dissolved in 2003.

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fresh uranium fuel is low and produces a small risk relative to the baseline risk. The larger danger in processing uranium is chemical poisoning from the heavy metal, which does not produce cancer.

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appointed Lt. William Jaques to the Gun Foundry Board and Jaques was sent on several fact-finding tours of European armament makers. On one of these trips, he formed business ties with the firm of

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in World War II. Historians cite Bethlehem Steel's ability to quickly manufacture warships and other military equipment as decisive factors in American victories in both world wars.

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plants of the Bethlehem Steel, which had been founded in 1852 by The Cambria Iron Company of Johnstown and were purchased by Bethlehem Steel in 1923, were forced into closure.

3133: 3123: 2376:"The Sinking Of Bethlehem Steel A hundred years ago one of the 500's legendary names was born. Its decline and ultimate death took nearly half that long. A FORTUNE autopsy" 2148:"The Sinking Of Bethlehem Steel A hundred years ago one of the 500's legendary names was born. Its decline and ultimate death took nearly half that long. A FORTUNE autopsy" 1686: 3143: 1579: 547:, both had large-caliber guns with 12-inch and 10-inch, respectively, and heavy armor plating. Bethlehem secured both the forging and armor contracts on June 28, 1887. 554:, who joined Bethlehem Iron in 1888. By fall 1890, Bethlehem Iron was delivering gun forging to the U.S. Navy and was completing facilities to provide armor plating. 1674: 1855: 2618: 3153: 594:

Steel Company were separate companies under the same ownership. The Bethlehem Steel Company leased the properties that were owned by the Bethlehem Iron Company.

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and the Bethlehem Commerce Center, consisting of 1,600 acres (650 ha) of prime industrial property in Bethlehem would be erected on the site along with a

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The company's steel was used in the construction of many of America's largest and most famed structures. Among major buildings, Bethlehem produced steel for

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Between 1888 and 1892, the Bethlehem Iron Company completed the first U.S. heavy-forging plant. It was designed by John Fritz with the assistance of

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The company continued to prosper during the early 1880s, but its share of the rail market began to decline in the face of competition from growing

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Following end of World War II, the Bethlehem Steel plant continued to supply a wide variety of structural shapes for the construction trades.

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preserve its steel-making operations. In 2001, however, Bethlehem Steel filed for bankruptcy and, in 2003, the company dissolved.

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assuming all Bethlehem Steel pension obligations, representing the largest such pension liability assumption in U.S. history.

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On May 1, 1861, the company's title was changed again, this time to the Bethlehem Iron Company. Construction of the first

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On November 9, 2016, a warehouse being used as a recycling facility that was part of the Bethlehem Steel complex in

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Despite closing its local operations, Bethlehem Steel tried to reduce the significant economic and social impact on

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in 1857 through its 2003 dissolution, Bethlehem Steel's headquarters were based in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in the

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that Bethlehem Steel would manufacture one ship per day, and he ultimately exceeded that commitment by 15 ships.

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From 1906 until it was de-listed in 2002, Bethlehem Steel was traded on the NYSE under the two letter symbol BS.

757: 558: 561:, Bethlehem Steel provided the iron used in the creation of a 45.5-foot steel axle to support the world's first 2819:""The Philadelphia Union: Following the Ghosts of Bethlehem's Soccer Tradition" by Stephen Barrow, 7 July 2012" 2685: 2640: 2282: 1958: 1922:

https://www.chicagotribune.com/2016/05/15/history-of-the-ferris-wheel-1893-original-was-taller-than-navy-piers/

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Aerial view of the mill area of the Burns Harbor plant circa 1964. The 160" plate mill is in the upper left.

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Ennis, Ron W. " 'A Seething Cauldron' The 1941 Bethlehem Steel Strike and The Future of Labor Organizing."

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Bethlehem Steel ranked seventh among U.S. corporations in the value of wartime production contracts during

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and to use the land for cultural, recreational, educational, entertainment, and retail development. The

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The company also produced forged products for defense, power generation, and steel-producing companies.

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Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating, Volume 56. Advertisement. Dec. 1959: 111. Google Books

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The Levitt Pavilion at SteelStacks, the former Bethlehem Steel site, is being prepared for a show

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casino resort, formerly Sands Casino Resort Bethlehem, a gambling emporium, and new studios for

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and establishing Bethlehem Steel as the leading supplier of steel to the construction industry.

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to contribute to the recovery of the post-World War II recovery of the iron ore industry in

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In 1857, what ultimately became Bethlehem Steel was launched as the Saucona Iron Company in

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Kennedy, Michael D. "Rewriting the death and afterlife of a corporation: Bethlehem Steel."

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Former Bethlehem Steel Company Headquarters Building, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, October 2011

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Bethlehem Steel manufactured the steel for many of the country's most prominent landmarks:

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The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America

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From 1923 to 1991, Bethlehem Steel was one of the world's leading producers of railroad

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A February 1880 illustration of the land tract issued to Bethlehem Steel by present-day

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The Bethlehem Steel Corporation was formed by Schwab, who had recently resigned from

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mining it had been conducting under the name BethEnergy and the company exited the

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Hessen, Robert. "Charles M. Schwab, President of United States Steel, 1901-1904."

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Radzievich, Nicole; Sheehan, Jennifer; Sheehan, Daniel Patrick; Wojcik, Sarah M.

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In the 1930s, the company also manufactured the steel sections and parts for the

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Bethlehem Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Ship Corporation photograph collection

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and represented the largest single steel forging ever constructed at the time.

525:. In early 1886, Bethlehem Iron and the Whitworth Company executed a contract. 514: 442: 406: 391: 3034: 2481: 2180: 363: 3082: 3043: 2913: 2868:""Philadelphia Union Adidas Third Jersey 2013" at TodosobreCamisetas website" 2737: 2589: 2541: 1733: 1343: 1304: 1276: 1159: 1148: 566: 502: 436:

began on July 1, 1861, and was operationalized on January 4, 1863. The first

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in 2001 and final dissolution in 2003 when its remaining assets were sold to

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Nelson, Daniel. "Taylorism and the workers at Bethlehem Steel, 1898-1901."

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A detailed history of the company by journalists of the Morning Call staff.

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so Bethlehem Iron could erect a heavy-forging plant to produce ordnance.

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Semi-centennial, the borough of South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1865–1915

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In 1967, the company lost its bid to provide the steel for the original

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Schwab transferred his ownership of the Bethlehem Steel Company to the

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Blast furnace A at the flagship plant in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 2009

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Bethlehem Steel played an instrumental role in manufacturing the U.S.

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Steel: The Story of Pittsburgh's Iron & Steel Industry, 1852–1902

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A preferred share of Bethlehem Steel Corporation, issued July 6, 1911

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Economic History of the Iron and Steel Industry in the United States

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Steel from Bethlehem Steel was used in the 1927 construction of the

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In 1998, after denied pension benefits, a lawsuit was filed in the

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sheet steel under the name BETHCON was widely produced for use as

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Iron and Steel in Nineteenth Century America: An Economic Inquiry

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Bethlehem Steel Corporation's flagship manufacturing facility in

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Demolition of part of the original facility in Bethlehem in 2007

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In 1946, Bethlehem Steel signed a contract with mining company

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Beyond Steel: An Archive of Lehigh Valley Industry and Culture

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Henretta, James A.; Edwards, Rebecca; Self, Robert O. (2011).

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The Cravath firm and its predecessors, 1819-1947", Volume 1

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From 1949 to 1952, Bethlehem Steel had a contract with the

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The BETHCON trademark, which was used on Bethlehem Steel's

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Corporate website archived snapshot from December 3, 2000

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88.1 (2021): 30-55. doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.88.1.0030

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band, named itself after the company to honor its legacy.

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Photos of the abandoned plant in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

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The Bridge: The Building of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge

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Bethlehem Steel also relied on Latin American mines for

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Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008.

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Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2001

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Hessen, Robert. "The Bethlehem steel strike of 1910."

2916:. "The Transformation of Bethlehem Steel, 1904-1909." 2892:

Hall, P. J. (1915). "History of South Bethlehem, Pa."

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Disastrous floods and the demise of steel in Johnstown

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Bethlehem Steel's corporate records are housed at the

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Former components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average

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Defunct manufacturing companies based in Pennsylvania

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Loomis, Carol J.; Tkaczyk, Christopher (2004-04-05).

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Loomis, Carol J.; Tkaczyk, Christopher (2004-04-05).

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The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis

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Jonathan Tannenwald, Philly.com (26 February 2013).

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Malmens land: Gruvnäringen i Norrbotten under 400 år

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Industrial buildings and structures in Pennsylvania

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Sourcing Minerals to Make Steel in the 20th Century

2994:An economic history of the American steel industry 1393:The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts 1286: 1255:In 1931 and 1932, Bethlehem Steel manufactured 38 1182:In 2007, the Bethlehem Steel property was sold to 1079:In 1991, Bethlehem Steel Corporation discontinued 2328:"Radiation Exposure for Uranium Industry Workers" 2249:"Forging America: The History of Bethlehem Steel" 1747:One of the few buildings that have been preserved 951:. Also launched the same day were the Liberty SS 858:and built for Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales ( 585:was formally changed to Bethlehem Steel Company. 3080: 3012:Bethlehem Steel: Builder and Arsenal of America. 1849: 1847: 1087:business two years later, in 1993. In 1992, the 519:Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania 3035:"Bethlehem Steel: The people Who Built America" 2204:(in Swedish). Luleå: Tornedalica. p. 256. 1604:on display at Museu Militar Conde de Linhares, 3154:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 2003 2973:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 2936:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 2816: 2166: 2164: 1179:and a large retail and entertainment complex. 2920:46.3 (1972): 339-360. doi.org/10.2307/3112743 2793: 2373: 2182:Bethlehem Steel, The People Who Built America 2145: 1926: 1901:. Princeton Architectural Press. p. 14. 1844: 1536:. The club was founded and formerly based in 2641:"Bethlehem Steel Company records, 1714-1977" 1896: 1473:Also in 2012, the song "Bethlehem Steel" by 581:and was used in increasing mass production. 379:, which included eleven acres and 52 perches 3159:Manufacturing companies established in 1857 3139:History of Northampton County, Pennsylvania 2340: 2161: 2072:EMPIRE OF STEEL: BETHLEHEM IN LATIN AMERICA 1885:History of Northampton County, Pennsylvania 1528:team that is the official affiliate of the 3119:Companies based in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 2926:Steel Titan: The Life of Charles M. Schwab 2680:, p.52. Bloomsbury Publishing USA, (2003) 2659:Commuter cars get new look on the Reading 2494:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2193: 1716:Projectile shop in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 1250: 933:was present at the launching of the first 929:, September 27, 1941, then U.S. President 588: 38: 3149:Ironworks and steel mills in Pennsylvania 2958:5 Vols. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1971. 2725: 2575: 2459: 1796:List of preserved historic blast furnaces 1440:in the 1950s, and the steel used for the 828:Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad 231:region of the United States. Its primary 2929:(University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990). 2297:"Heroes Of The Cold War Out In The Cold" 1883:Davis (1877), "Bethlehem Iron Company", 1290: 1279:, whose railcar division was located in 1117: 1038: 736: 724: 708: 682: 656: 646:-era photo of St. Michael's Cemetery in 634: 626: 609: 601: 396: 382: 362: 2698:"NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission" 2289: 2199: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1432:Bethlehem Steel fabricated the largest 822:In 1922, Bethlehem Steel purchased the 820:Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation Ltd. 417:by Augustus Wolle. That same year, the 3104:American companies established in 1857 3099:2003 disestablishments in Pennsylvania 3081: 2896:. Quinlan Printing Co. pp. 12–13. 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1986:Poor's Manual of Railroads", Volume 33 1932: 1853: 2821:. Bethlehem.patch.com. Archived from 2508: 1573:1936 specimen stock certificate #0000 1451: 1234:National Museum of Industrial History 1169:National Museum of Industrial History 509:, Elisha Packer Wilbur, president of 342:other factors. The company filed for 3169:Steel companies of the United States 2617:. Tribune Publishing. Archived from 2218: 2013: 1870: 617:being assembled at Bethlehem Steel, 478:In 1883, U.S. Secretary of the Navy 333:Bethlehem Steel's roots trace to an 3094:1857 establishments in Pennsylvania 2615:Hartford Courant / The Morning Call 2466:. Richard Burkert. Charleston, SC. 2139: 1991: 1131:In 2001, Bethlehem Steel filed for 705:(right) in 1943 during World War II 310:and other military weapons used in 13: 2900: 2794:Lehigh Valley (28 February 2013). 2775:. Mlssoccer.com. February 26, 2013 1856:"Bethlehem Steel Corp. Is No More" 1730:Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation 1246:Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation 900:Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation 762:United States Shipbuilding Company 640:Bethlehem Graveyard and Steel Mill 200:Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation 14: 3180: 3028: 1866:from the original on Dec 6, 2022. 1650:Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard 1477:, one of the tracks on her album 1436:shaft in the world, produced for 957:Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard 687:Bethlehem Steel constructing two 16:American steel company, 1857–2009 3129:Economic history of Pennsylvania 2008:Bethlehem Steel", 1999 Biography 1759: 1740: 1721: 1709: 1697: 1685: 1673: 1661: 1641: 1629: 1624:, plant built by Bethlehem Steel 1613: 1593: 1578: 1566: 1516:Bethlehem Steel F.C. (1907–1930) 1483:, mourned the company's closure. 1143:in 2005, which then merged with 749:(no relation to the stockbroker 631:The Bethlehem Steel mill in 1930 91:(as Bethlehem Steel Corporation) 2886: 2860: 2837: 2817:Stephen Barron (July 7, 2012). 2810: 2787: 2765: 2744: 2690: 2668: 2653: 2633: 2602: 2569: 2555: 2530: 2502: 2453: 2424: 2390: 2367: 2354: 2116: 2097: 2078: 2062: 2047: 2033: 1854:Downey, Kirstin (May 1, 2003). 1427:San Francisco Municipal Railway 1287:Influence on American landmarks 1266: 1113: 889: 812:Fore River Shipbuilding Company 597: 358: 1978: 1965: 1915: 1890: 1544:in honor of the original club. 1100:Third Circuit Court of Appeals 963:, and the emergency vessel SS 1: 2741:. Retrieved December 15, 2015 2576:Rosenberg, Eli (2016-11-09). 1832: 1214:caught fire and burned down. 668:, built at Bethlehem Steel's 618: 401:The Bethlehem Steel plant in 1524:is an American professional 1350: 1275:following their purchase of 1239: 1190:performing arts center, the 945:Bethlehem Fairfield Shipyard 86:(as Bethlehem Steel Company) 7: 2985:(Arcadia Publishing, 2016) 2460:Farabaugh, Patrick (2021). 2107:Open Veins of Latin America 2088:Open Veins of Latin America 1752: 1420: 713:A Bethlehem Steel plant at 212:Bethlehem Steel Corporation 112:; 21 years ago 33:Bethlehem Steel Corporation 23:. For the soccer team, see 10: 3185: 2509:Assad, Matt (2007-06-27). 2281:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 1957:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 1559: 1318: 1243: 1171:, in association with the 785:University of Pennsylvania 482:and U.S. Secretary of War 460:-based firms, such as the 353: 18: 3057:Hagley Museum and Library 2951:Hogan, William T., S.J. 2200:Hansson, Staffan (2015). 1509: 1379:'s 53,000-ton steel frame 1377:One Chase Manhattan Plaza 1340:Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge 1226:Hagley Museum and Library 1137:International Steel Group 862:), a new oil refinery in 559:1893 Chicago World's Fair 521:, to meet with Jaques in 348:International Steel Group 281:Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge 218:company headquartered in 187: 171: 161:International Steel Group 132: 124: 106: 98: 74: 56: 46: 37: 3164:Sparrows Point, Maryland 2981:Perelman, Dale Richard. 2400:America's History Vol. 2 1937:, New York, USA: Crown, 1837: 1791:Lackawanna Steel Company 1654:Sparrows Point, Maryland 1540:, where it was known as 1456: 1325:George Washington Bridge 1297:George Washington Bridge 961:Sparrows Point, Maryland 824:Lackawanna Steel Company 574:Frederick Winslow Taylor 513:, William Thurston, and 390:, an 1881 watercolor by 277:George Washington Bridge 2975:101.4 (1977): 487-505. 2965:37.1 (2014): 246-278. 2918:Business History Review 2134:Harvard Business School 1801:List of steel producers 1587:Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 1398: 1281:Johnstown, Pennsylvania 1251:Electric multiple units 1173:Smithsonian Institution 1005:U.S. federal government 589:Bethlehem Steel Company 415:Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 403:Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 220:Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 196:Bethlehem Steel Company 177:Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 2938:96.2 (1972): 203-228. 2798:. Lehighvalleylive.com 1547:In February 2013, the 1312: 1257:electric multiple unit 1198:, the Lehigh Valley's 1128: 1045: 758:U.S. Steel Corporation 742: 734: 722: 706: 680: 654: 632: 624: 607: 511:Lehigh Valley Railroad 462:Carnegie Steel Company 410: 394: 380: 318:in ultimately winning 283:in New York City, the 21:Bethlehem Steel (band) 3070:, abandonedamerica.us 2665:April 5, 1965 page 22 1933:Larson, Erik (2003), 1897:Garn, Andrew (1999). 1622:Burns Harbor, Indiana 1522:Philadelphia Union II 1388:Waldorf Astoria hotel 1367:Madison Square Garden 1362:Empire State Building 1294: 1121: 1042: 1034:Burns Harbor, Indiana 1025:U.S. Labor Department 1018:in Bethlehem Steel's 973:Quincy, Massachusetts 943:at Bethlehem Steel's 931:Franklin D. Roosevelt 916:Franklin D. Roosevelt 826:, which included the 816:Quincy, Massachusetts 740: 728: 712: 686: 674:Quincy, Massachusetts 660: 638: 630: 613: 605: 579:scientific management 400: 388:Bethlehem Steel Works 386: 369:Lower Saucon Township 366: 253:Madison Square Garden 249:Empire State Building 2908:Pennsylvania History 2752:""Allentown lyrics"" 2127:Scherer, Frederic M. 2111:Monthly Review Press 2092:Monthly Review Press 2069:Cory Fischer Hoffman 1984:Henry Varnum Poor, " 1973:Iron Age", Volume 63 1503:Copperopolis (album) 1230:Wilmington, Delaware 1212:Lackawanna, New York 1205:Hoover-Mason Trestle 1192:Wind Creek Bethlehem 1125:Wind Creek Bethlehem 1020:Lackawanna, New York 528:In the spring 1886, 154:Mittal Steel Company 2364:. January 24, 1967. 2026:Robert T. Swaine, " 1860:The Washington Post 1553:Major League Soccer 1534:Major League Soccer 997:or spiral conduit. 969:Fore River Shipyard 965:Sinclair Superflame 848:The Washington Post 670:Fore River Shipyard 484:Robert Todd Lincoln 480:William E. Chandler 34: 2996:(Routledge, 2009) 2992:Rogers, Robert P. 2948:15.1 (1974): 3-18. 2582:The New York Times 2362:The New York Times 2189:. 5 February 2008. 2056:The New York Times 1971:Chilton Company, " 1549:Philadelphia Union 1542:Bethlehem Steel FC 1530:Philadelphia Union 1452:In popular culture 1434:electric generator 1383:Rockefeller Center 1330:Golden Gate Bridge 1313: 1259:carriages for the 1163:(66 ha) site 1129: 1058:continuous casting 1050:World Trade Center 1046: 856:Golden Gate Bridge 779:, who founded the 743: 735: 723: 707: 681: 655: 633: 625: 608: 473:American Civil War 411: 405:, photographed by 395: 381: 377:Northampton County 301:Fort Erie, Ontario 285:Golden Gate Bridge 257:Rockefeller Center 32: 25:Bethlehem Steel FC 19:For the band, see 3048:Lehigh University 3010:Warren, Kenneth. 2825:on April 11, 2013 2473:978-1-4671-5001-9 2211:978-91-972358-9-1 1944:978-0-609-60844-9 1821:Charles M. Schwab 1499:Grant Lee Buffalo 1217:On May 19, 2019, 927:Liberty Fleet Day 751:Charles R. Schwab 747:Charles M. Schwab 719:Buffalo, New York 552:Russell Davenport 517:, founder of the 314:and later by the 245:Chrysler Building 241:28 Liberty Street 208: 207: 3176: 2923:Hessen, Robert. 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2864: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2748: 2742: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2719: 2713: 2707:. Archived from 2702: 2694: 2688: 2672: 2666: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2647: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2606: 2600: 2599: 2597: 2596: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2549: 2540:. Archived from 2534: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2524: 2516:The Morning Call 2506: 2500: 2499: 2493: 2485: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2447: 2438:. Archived from 2428: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2394: 2388: 2387: 2382:. Archived from 2371: 2365: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2344: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2334: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2315: 2314: 2293: 2287: 2286: 2280: 2272: 2267: 2266: 2254:The Morning Call 2245: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2235: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2197: 2191: 2190: 2168: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2155: 2143: 2137: 2120: 2114: 2101: 2095: 2082: 2076: 2066: 2060: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2037: 2031: 2024: 2011: 2004: 1989: 1982: 1976: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1956: 1948: 1930: 1924: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1894: 1888: 1881: 1868: 1867: 1851: 1776:Allentown (song) 1769: 1767:Companies portal 1764: 1763: 1762: 1744: 1732:headquarters in 1725: 1713: 1701: 1689: 1677: 1665: 1645: 1633: 1617: 1600:"Bethlehem 177" 1597: 1582: 1570: 1466:, a three-piece 1438:General Electric 1410:Grand Coulee Dam 1372:Merchandise Mart 1016:nuclear reactors 661:A 1942 photo of 644:Great Depression 623: 620: 488:Joseph Whitworth 466:Lackawanna Steel 269:Merchandise Mart 214:was an American 140:Cleveland-Cliffs 120: 118: 113: 42: 35: 31: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3174: 3173: 3089:Bethlehem Steel 3079: 3078: 3068:Bethlehem Steel 3031: 2903: 2901:Further reading 2889: 2884: 2883: 2873: 2871: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2851: 2849: 2842: 2838: 2828: 2826: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2792: 2788: 2778: 2776: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2730: 2726: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2673: 2669: 2658: 2654: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2622: 2607: 2603: 2594: 2592: 2574: 2570: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2547: 2545: 2536: 2535: 2531: 2522: 2520: 2507: 2503: 2487: 2486: 2474: 2458: 2454: 2445: 2443: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2395: 2391: 2372: 2368: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2312: 2310: 2295: 2294: 2290: 2274: 2273: 2264: 2262: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2233: 2231: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2212: 2198: 2194: 2179: 2176:Wayback Machine 2169: 2162: 2153: 2151: 2144: 2140: 2123:Peck, Merton J. 2121: 2117: 2104:Eduardo Galeano 2102: 2098: 2085:Eduardo Galeano 2083: 2079: 2067: 2063: 2059:, May 12, 1922. 2052: 2048: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2025: 2014: 2005: 1992: 1983: 1979: 1970: 1966: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1931: 1927: 1920: 1916: 1909: 1899:Bethlehem Steel 1895: 1891: 1882: 1871: 1852: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1765: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1748: 1745: 1736: 1726: 1717: 1714: 1705: 1702: 1693: 1690: 1681: 1678: 1669: 1666: 1657: 1646: 1637: 1634: 1625: 1618: 1609: 1598: 1589: 1583: 1574: 1571: 1562: 1512: 1464:Bethlehem Steel 1459: 1454: 1423: 1401: 1357:Alcatraz Island 1353: 1321: 1289: 1269: 1261:Reading Company 1253: 1248: 1242: 1184:Sands BethWorks 1165:Bethlehem Works 1116: 984:northern Sweden 892: 872: 621: 615:Naval artillery 600: 591: 507:Robert H. Sayre 423:South Bethlehem 373:South Bethlehem 361: 356: 261:Waldorf Astoria 204: 183: 179: 167: 163: 156: 149: 142: 116: 114: 111: 94: 90: 85: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3182: 3172: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3077: 3076: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3050: 3041: 3030: 3029:External links 3027: 3026: 3025: 3008: 3003:Temin, Peter. 3001: 2990: 2979: 2969: 2959: 2949: 2942: 2932: 2921: 2914:Hessen, Robert 2911: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2897: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2859: 2836: 2809: 2786: 2764: 2743: 2724: 2689: 2667: 2652: 2632: 2621:on 19 May 2019 2601: 2568: 2554: 2529: 2519:. redorbit.com 2501: 2472: 2452: 2423: 2409: 2389: 2386:on 2014-05-29. 2366: 2353: 2339: 2319: 2288: 2240: 2217: 2210: 2192: 2160: 2138: 2115: 2096: 2077: 2061: 2046: 2043:. 5 June 2022. 2032: 2012: 2006:Andrew Garn, " 1990: 1977: 1964: 1943: 1925: 1914: 1907: 1889: 1869: 1842: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1828: 1826:Joseph Wharton 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1772: 1771: 1770: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1746: 1739: 1737: 1727: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1660: 1658: 1647: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1628: 1626: 1619: 1612: 1610: 1606:Rio de Janeiro 1599: 1592: 1590: 1584: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1556: 1545: 1519: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1495: 1484: 1475:Nanci Griffith 1471: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1430: 1429: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1405:Bonneville Dam 1400: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1347: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1320: 1317: 1288: 1285: 1268: 1265: 1252: 1249: 1244:Main article: 1241: 1238: 1236:in Bethlehem. 1115: 1112: 891: 888: 871: 868: 830:and extensive 781:Wharton School 777:Joseph Wharton 599: 596: 590: 587: 567:blast furnaces 515:Joseph Wharton 471:Following the 407:William H. Rau 392:Joseph Pennell 360: 357: 355: 352: 206: 205: 203: 202: 197: 193: 191: 185: 184: 181: 175: 173: 169: 168: 166: 165: 158: 151: 144: 143:(2020–present) 136: 134: 130: 129: 126: 122: 121: 108: 104: 103: 102:Augustus Wolle 100: 96: 95: 93: 92: 87: 82: 78: 76: 72: 71: 58: 54: 53: 48: 44: 43: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3181: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3109:ArcelorMittal 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3064:at Opacity.us 3063: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3024: 3021: 3020:0-8229-4323-9 3017: 3013: 3009: 3006: 3002: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2950: 2947: 2946:Labor History 2943: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2927: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2904: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2869: 2863: 2847: 2840: 2824: 2820: 2813: 2797: 2790: 2774: 2768: 2753: 2747: 2740: 2739: 2738:Village Voice 2734: 2731:Kohn, Daniel 2728: 2714:on 2016-03-04 2710: 2706: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2671: 2664: 2663: 2656: 2642: 2636: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2605: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2572: 2564: 2558: 2544:on 2014-11-11 2543: 2539: 2533: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2505: 2497: 2491: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2469: 2465: 2464: 2456: 2442:on 2018-08-02 2441: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2412: 2410:9780312387921 2406: 2402: 2401: 2393: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2370: 2363: 2357: 2349: 2348:"Uranium – U" 2343: 2329: 2323: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2298: 2292: 2284: 2278: 2271: 2261:on 2011-04-27 2260: 2256: 2255: 2250: 2244: 2229: 2228: 2221: 2213: 2207: 2203: 2196: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2177: 2173: 2167: 2165: 2149: 2142: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2112: 2108: 2105: 2100: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2081: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2065: 2058: 2057: 2050: 2042: 2036: 2029: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2009: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1987: 1981: 1974: 1968: 1960: 1954: 1946: 1940: 1936: 1929: 1923: 1918: 1910: 1908:1-56898-197-X 1904: 1900: 1893: 1886: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1850: 1848: 1843: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1768: 1757: 1743: 1738: 1735: 1734:San Francisco 1731: 1724: 1719: 1712: 1707: 1700: 1695: 1688: 1683: 1676: 1671: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1644: 1639: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1596: 1591: 1588: 1581: 1576: 1569: 1564: 1563: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1345: 1344:Staten Island 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1316: 1310: 1306: 1305:New York City 1302: 1298: 1293: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1277:Midvale Steel 1274: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1247: 1237: 1235: 1232:, and at the 1231: 1227: 1222: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1208: 1207:linear park. 1206: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1187: 1185: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1161: 1160:Lehigh Valley 1157: 1152: 1150: 1149:ArcelorMittal 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1126: 1120: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1075: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1059: 1053: 1051: 1041: 1037: 1035: 1029: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1001: 998: 996: 992: 987: 985: 981: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 941: 940:Patrick Henry 936: 932: 928: 923: 919: 917: 912: 908: 905: 901: 897: 887: 885: 880: 876: 867: 865: 861: 857: 852: 850: 849: 844: 840: 835: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 807: 805: 799: 796: 792: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 769: 765: 763: 759: 754: 752: 748: 739: 732: 727: 720: 716: 711: 704: 703: 697: 696: 690: 685: 679: 675: 671: 667: 666: 665:Massachusetts 659: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 629: 616: 612: 604: 595: 586: 582: 580: 575: 570: 568: 564: 560: 555: 553: 548: 546: 545: 539: 538: 531: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 503:John F. Fritz 499: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 476: 474: 469: 467: 463: 459: 455: 450: 448: 444: 443:armor plating 439: 435: 434:blast furnace 430: 428: 424: 420: 419:Panic of 1857 416: 408: 404: 399: 393: 389: 385: 378: 374: 370: 365: 351: 349: 345: 339: 336: 331: 329: 325: 321: 317: 316:Allied forces 313: 309: 304: 302: 298: 294: 290: 289:San Francisco 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 265:New York City 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 237: 234: 230: 229:Lehigh Valley 225: 221: 217: 213: 201: 198: 195: 194: 192: 190: 186: 178: 174: 170: 162: 159: 155: 152: 148: 147:ArcelorMittal 145: 141: 138: 137: 135: 131: 127: 123: 109: 105: 101: 97: 88: 83: 80: 79: 77: 73: 70: 66: 62: 59: 55: 52: 49: 45: 41: 36: 30: 26: 22: 3011: 3004: 2993: 2982: 2972: 2962: 2952: 2945: 2935: 2924: 2917: 2907: 2893: 2887:Bibliography 2872:. Retrieved 2862: 2850:. Retrieved 2848:. Philly.com 2839: 2827:. Retrieved 2823:the original 2812: 2800:. Retrieved 2789: 2777:. Retrieved 2767: 2755:. Retrieved 2746: 2736: 2727: 2716:. 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Retrieved 2141: 2129: 2118: 2106: 2099: 2087: 2080: 2071: 2064: 2054: 2049: 2035: 1980: 1967: 1934: 1928: 1917: 1898: 1892: 1884: 1859: 1806:Martin Tower 1781:Eugene Grace 1541: 1480:Intersection 1478: 1446:Coney Island 1442:Wonder Wheel 1431: 1335:Peace Bridge 1314: 1273:freight cars 1270: 1267:Freight cars 1254: 1223: 1219:Martin Tower 1216: 1209: 1188: 1181: 1153: 1141:Mittal Steel 1130: 1114:21st century 1104:Philadelphia 1097: 1093: 1085:railroad car 1078: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1054: 1047: 1030: 1002: 999: 988: 977: 964: 952: 939: 935:Liberty ship 924: 920: 911:Eugene Grace 909: 896:World War II 893: 890:World War II 881: 877: 873: 853: 846: 843:World War II 836: 808: 800: 797: 793: 789:Philadelphia 770: 766: 755: 744: 701: 694: 689:World War II 678:World War II 664: 652:Walker Evans 639: 598:20th century 592: 583: 571: 563:Ferris wheel 556: 549: 543: 536: 527: 523:Philadelphia 500: 496: 477: 470: 451: 445:used by the 438:rolling mill 431: 412: 387: 359:19th century 340: 332: 324:Nazi Germany 320:World War II 305: 293:Peace Bridge 238: 224:shipbuilding 211: 209: 189:Subsidiaries 172:Headquarters 81:1857 (roots) 65:shipbuilding 47:Company type 29: 2662:Railway Age 2563:"Artsquest" 2150:. CNN Money 1786:Alfred Hunt 1602:railway gun 1492:"Allentown" 1044:background. 953:James McKay 839:World War I 698:(left) and 622: 1918 557:During the 429:president. 427:Alfred Hunt 335:iron-making 328:Axis powers 312:World War I 216:steelmaking 164:(2003–2005) 157:(2005–2006) 150:(2006–2020) 3083:Categories 2757:October 8, 2718:2016-06-27 2686:0802776442 2646:2018-10-06 2595:2016-11-09 2548:2014-11-15 2523:2008-01-18 2482:1260340723 2446:2018-08-01 2416:1 February 2333:2010-10-09 2313:2008-01-16 2265:2006-08-09 2234:2017-01-22 2154:2008-07-18 1833:References 1816:Asa Packer 1811:Henry Noll 1488:Billy Joel 1468:indie rock 1415:Hoover Dam 1309:New Jersey 1147:to become 1133:bankruptcy 991:Galvanized 834:holdings. 804:skyscraper 773:U.S. Steel 691:warships, 642:, a famed 492:Manchester 454:Pittsburgh 344:bankruptcy 291:, and the 259:, and the 233:steel mill 128:Bankruptcy 2963:Biography 2590:0362-4331 2490:cite book 1947:, p. 193. 1538:Bethlehem 1497:In 1996, 1490:released 1486:In 1982, 1462:In 2012, 1351:Buildings 1301:Manhattan 1240:Shipyards 1156:Bethlehem 1151:in 2006. 1089:Johnstown 1074:Bethlehem 1012:fuel rods 995:duct work 949:Baltimore 904:shipyards 884:manganese 851:in 2003. 775:, and by 745:In 1901, 715:Lake Erie 700:USS 693:HMS 663:USS 648:Bethlehem 572:In 1898, 542:USS 535:USS 501:In 1885, 447:U.S. Navy 263:hotel in 133:Successor 2307:CBS News 2277:citation 2174:and the 1953:citation 1864:Archived 1753:See also 1608:, Brazil 1421:Railways 1158:and the 1007:to roll 864:La Plata 540:and the 530:Congress 458:Scranton 326:and the 308:warships 295:between 57:Industry 2967:excerpt 2874:June 7, 2852:June 7, 2829:June 7, 2802:June 7, 2779:June 7, 2705:nyc.gov 2538:"PBS39" 2187:YouTube 2132:(1962) 2109:(1973) 2090:(1973) 2030:(1948). 2010:(1999). 1975:(1899). 1728:Former 1560:Gallery 1319:Bridges 1196:WLVT-TV 1145:Arcelor 1076:plant. 1009:uranium 967:at the 837:During 783:at the 733:ducting 721:in 1973 676:during 409:in 1896 354:History 297:Buffalo 273:Chicago 115: ( 107:Defunct 99:Founder 75:Founded 51:Private 3023:online 3018: 3007:(1964) 2998:online 2987:online 2977:online 2940:online 2684: 2625:19 May 2588: 2480: 2470: 2407: 2230:. 1959 2208: 2136:p. 619 2125:& 2113:p. 153 2094:p. 153 1941: 1905: 1526:soccer 1510:Sports 1177:casino 902:'s 15 695:Calder 375:, and 247:, the 243:, the 69:mining 2712:(PDF) 2701:(PDF) 1838:Notes 1457:Music 1346:tower 1307:with 544:Maine 537:Texas 61:Steel 3016:ISBN 2876:2013 2854:2013 2831:2013 2804:2013 2781:2013 2759:2022 2682:ISBN 2627:2019 2586:ISSN 2496:link 2478:OCLC 2468:ISBN 2418:2017 2405:ISBN 2283:link 2206:ISBN 1959:link 1939:ISBN 1903:ISBN 1648:The 1620:The 1399:Dams 1303:and 1108:PBGC 1081:coal 1014:for 980:LKAB 841:and 832:coal 731:HVAC 702:Foss 464:and 456:and 299:and 279:and 267:and 210:The 182:U.S. 125:Fate 117:2003 110:2003 89:1904 84:1899 3055:at 3046:at 3039:PBS 3037:at 2380:CNN 2302:CBS 2075:] 1652:at 1551:of 1532:of 1444:in 1342:'s 1228:in 1200:PBS 1102:in 971:in 959:in 955:at 947:in 938:SS 925:On 860:YPF 814:of 787:in 717:in 672:in 490:of 287:in 271:in 3085:: 2735:. 2703:. 2613:. 2584:. 2580:. 2513:. 2492:}} 2488:{{ 2476:. 2434:. 2378:. 2305:. 2299:. 2279:}} 2275:{{ 2268:. 2251:, 2185:. 2178:: 2163:^ 2015:^ 1993:^ 1955:}} 1951:{{ 1872:^ 1862:. 1858:. 1846:^ 1448:. 1263:. 1036:. 986:. 975:. 898:. 619:c. 449:. 371:, 350:. 303:. 255:, 251:, 180:, 67:, 63:, 3000:. 2989:. 2956:. 2878:. 2856:. 2833:. 2806:. 2783:. 2761:. 2721:. 2649:. 2629:. 2598:. 2565:. 2551:. 2526:. 2498:) 2484:. 2449:. 2420:. 2350:. 2336:. 2316:. 2285:) 2237:. 2214:. 2157:. 1988:. 1961:) 1911:. 1311:. 1127:. 119:) 27:.

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