175:
220:
1146, at which point she became empress and was renamed "Irene/Eireni" (Īį¼°ĻĪ®Ī½Ī·), a common name for foreign-born princesses. As an introduction for her to the
Hellenic culture she was marrying into,
1507:
197:
send a princess of his family to be married to the emperor's son, Manuel. Instead, Conrad selected his sister-in-law, Bertha, and after legally adopting her as his daughter, sent her to the
1502:
265:
in 1159. Her husband Manuel was described as "roaring like a lion" in grief at her death, despite his infidelities during her lifetime. He remarried, in 1161, to
235:
216:, the emperor John was dead, and his son Manuel was now the reigning emperor. Manuel delayed marrying her for three years, until shortly after
1492:
1319:
574:
1395:
1361:
1203:
1497:
583:
534:
27:
1517:
281:
98:
1324:
1482:
1269:
1066:
848:
1096:
1487:
1071:
1000:
251:
155:
1152:
1091:
567:
414:
Chalandon, Ferdinand (1923). "The Later
Comneni". In Tanner, J.R.; Previte-Orton, C.W.; Brooke, Z.N. (eds.).
258:, who had been accused of heresy, allegedly cursed Bertha-IreneŹ»s womb in 1147 to prevent her bearing a son.
1279:
1208:
1193:
1061:
893:
878:
1141:
734:
255:
1512:
159:
120:
1477:
1314:
1198:
1136:
1102:
815:
1146:
560:
206:
1232:
1221:
1081:
853:
838:
110:
1416:
945:
755:
1467:
1289:
1227:
1158:
1015:
627:
194:
1446:
indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and
239:
1472:
1390:
1309:
1168:
1076:
903:
709:
672:
285:
217:
202:
8:
1368:
1351:
1331:
1294:
1274:
1126:
760:
1341:
1299:
1214:
1121:
995:
667:
642:
498:
190:
163:
151:
51:
1423:
1252:
1051:
985:
868:
843:
832:
770:
724:
458:
247:
183:
139:
136:
93:
85:
59:
1178:
234:
Bertha-Irene was noted for shunning the frivolity of the luxurious
Byzantine court;
1428:
1373:
1284:
1264:
1247:
1183:
1163:
1034:
1005:
955:
800:
744:
702:
692:
682:
617:
544:
527:
449:
266:
198:
186:
75:
1378:
1336:
1304:
1237:
1188:
1108:
933:
928:
913:
888:
810:
765:
657:
652:
647:
632:
607:
552:
1383:
1242:
1173:
1116:
923:
775:
719:
714:
687:
637:
612:
262:
213:
71:
1461:
1411:
1356:
1346:
1046:
1010:
970:
965:
863:
780:
750:
662:
480:
243:
221:
697:
918:
592:
174:
465:, ed. J.-L. Van Dieten, 2 vols., Berlin and New York, 1975; trans. as
975:
820:
622:
1131:
1056:
939:
805:
790:
1086:
1020:
990:
873:
858:
677:
469:, by H.J. Magoulias, Detroit; Wayne State University Press, 1984.
1508:
Burials at the
Monastery of Christ Pantocrator (Constantinople)
980:
826:
883:
602:
227:
55:
178:
Manuel I on the throne, with a
Catholic monk and a messenger
379:
434:
Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in
Historical Narrative
416:
The
Cambridge Medieval History:The Eastern Roman Empire
391:
328:
340:
193:. To seal the alliance, the emissaries requested that
357:
355:
1503:
Converts to
Eastern Orthodoxy from Roman Catholicism
367:
250:(53sq.) noted that she did not wear face-paint. The
212:
By the time Bertha arrived at the
Imperial court in
352:
158:(c. 1080 ā 3 December 1125) and his second spouse
582:
481:"Bertha-Irene, first wife of Manuel I Comnenus",
1459:
467:O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates
189:arrived in Germany, seeking an alliance against
568:
425:Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth
246:, praised her for her modesty and piety, and
1442:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor,
575:
561:
443:The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143-1180
162:. He was one of the rulers who signed the
440:
413:
397:
385:
346:
334:
135:, was a Byzantine empress by marriage to
173:
431:
373:
1460:
418:. Vol. IV. The Macmillan Company.
556:
479:Garland, Lynda, & Stone, Andrew,
422:
361:
13:
277:She and Manuel had two daughters:
14:
1529:
311:; In Greek ĪĪĻĪøĪ± ĻĪæĻ
ĪĪæĻĪ»ĻĻĪ¼ĻĪ±Ļ,
1493:12th-century Byzantine empresses
301:
156:Berengar II, Count of Sulzbach
131:(1110s ā 1159), also known as
1:
1450:incidates an empress regnant.
454:Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa
445:. Cambridge University Press.
321:
1498:12th-century German nobility
1280:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
432:Hodgson, Natasha R. (2007).
7:
1518:People from Amberg-Sulzbach
252:patriarch of Constantinople
10:
1534:
407:
169:
160:Adelheid of Wolfratshausen
121:Adelheid of Wolfratshausen
1483:12th-century German women
1437:
1404:
1315:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
1033:
954:
902:
816:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
789:
733:
591:
541:
535:Byzantine Empress consort
532:
524:
519:
492:
284:(1152ā1182), who married
116:
106:
92:
81:
65:
45:
41:
33:
28:Byzantine Empress Consort
26:
21:
16:Byzantine Empress Consort
483:De Imperatoribus Romanis
441:Magdalino, Paul (1993).
427:. Yale University Press.
294:
290:Anna Comnena (1154ā1158)
272:
1233:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
839:Flavia Julia Constantia
423:Freed, John B. (2016).
145:
111:Berengar II of Sulzbach
756:Marcia Otacilia Severa
179:
1488:Countesses in Germany
1320:Theodora Palaiologina
1290:Anna Komnene Angelina
1228:Catherine of Bulgaria
1159:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
628:Agrippina the Younger
313:Bertha tou Zoultsbach
261:Bertha-Irene died in
177:
1391:Sophia of Montferrat
1310:Anna of Hohenstaufen
1169:Theophano Martinakia
1077:Theodora of Khazaria
710:Julia Cornelia Paula
673:Faustina the Younger
436:. The Boydell Press.
286:Renier of Montferrat
203:Emicho von Leiningen
1369:Keratsa of Bulgaria
1352:Helena Kantakouzene
1332:Irene of Montferrat
1295:Philippa of Armenia
1275:Margaret of Hungary
1127:Theophano of Athens
946:Julius Nepos's wife
761:Herennia Etruscilla
584:Roman and Byzantine
494:Bertha of Sulzbach
474:Byzantine Empresses
309:Bertha von Sulzbach
1396:Maria of Trebizond
1362:Irene Palaiologina
1342:Irene of Brunswick
1300:Maria of Courtenay
1260:Bertha of Sulzbach
668:Faustina the Elder
643:Statilia Messalina
499:House of Babenberg
459:Choniates, Nicetas
388:, p. table 1.
226:Allegories on the
207:Bishop of WĆ¼rzburg
191:Roger II of Sicily
182:Emissaries of the
180:
164:Concordat of Worms
129:Bertha of Sulzbach
52:Sulzbach-Rosenberg
22:Bertha of Sulzbach
1513:Manuel I Komnenos
1455:
1454:
1424:Byzantine emperor
1253:Dobrodeia of Kiev
1029:
1028:
833:Valeria Maximilla
771:Cornelia Salonina
725:Sallustia Orbiana
551:
550:
542:Succeeded by
256:Cosmas II Atticus
248:Nicetas Choniates
184:Byzantine emperor
140:Manuel I Komnenos
137:Byzantine Emperor
126:
125:
86:Manuel I Komnenos
60:Holy Roman Empire
1525:
1478:Komnenos dynasty
1374:Irene Gattilusio
1285:Eudokia Angelina
1265:Maria of Antioch
1248:Irene of Hungary
1184:Zoe Karbonopsina
1164:Eudokia Ingerina
1037:Byzantine Empire
900:
899:
745:Caecilia Paulina
703:Fulvia Plautilla
693:Manlia Scantilla
683:Bruttia Crispina
618:Milonia Caesonia
577:
570:
563:
554:
553:
545:Maria of Antioch
539:1146–1159
528:Irene of Hungary
525:Preceded by
515:
508:
490:
489:
472:Garland, Lynda.
450:Otto of Freising
446:
437:
428:
419:
401:
395:
389:
383:
377:
371:
365:
359:
350:
344:
338:
332:
315:
305:
267:Maria of Antioch
199:Byzantine Empire
187:John II Komnenos
154:, a daughter of
150:She was born in
76:Byzantine Empire
19:
18:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1433:
1400:
1337:Rita of Armenia
1325:Anna of Hungary
1305:Irene Laskarina
1270:Agnes of France
1238:Maria of Alania
1189:Helena Lekapene
1039:
1036:
1025:
958:
950:
934:Marcia Euphemia
929:Licinia Eudoxia
906:
898:
889:Aelia Flaccilla
811:Galeria Valeria
793:
785:
766:Cornelia Supera
737:
729:
658:Pompeia Plotina
653:Domitia Longina
648:Galeria Fundana
633:Claudia Octavia
608:Livia Orestilla
595:
587:
581:
547:
538:
530:
509:
503:
502:
495:
486:(external link)
410:
405:
404:
396:
392:
384:
380:
372:
368:
360:
353:
345:
341:
333:
329:
324:
319:
318:
306:
302:
297:
275:
236:Basil of Ochrid
172:
148:
101:
70:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1531:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1453:
1452:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1384:Anna of Moscow
1376:
1371:
1366:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1245:
1243:Irene Doukaina
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1179:Eudokia BaĆÆana
1176:
1174:Zoe Zaoutzaina
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1117:Maria of Amnia
1114:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
962:
960:
956:Eastern Empire
952:
951:
949:
948:
943:
936:
931:
926:
924:Galla Placidia
921:
916:
910:
908:
904:Western Empire
897:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
829:
824:
818:
813:
808:
803:
797:
795:
787:
786:
784:
783:
778:
776:Ulpia Severina
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
741:
739:
731:
730:
728:
727:
722:
720:Annia Faustina
717:
715:Aquilia Severa
712:
707:
695:
690:
688:Flavia Titiana
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
638:Poppaea Sabina
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
613:Lollia Paulina
610:
605:
599:
597:
596:27 BC ā AD 235
589:
588:
580:
579:
572:
565:
557:
549:
548:
543:
540:
531:
526:
522:
521:
517:
516:
496:
493:
488:
487:
477:
470:
456:
447:
438:
429:
420:
409:
406:
403:
402:
400:, p. 243.
398:Magdalino 1993
390:
386:Magdalino 1993
378:
366:
351:
347:Magdalino 1993
339:
337:, p. 360.
335:Chalandon 1923
326:
325:
323:
320:
317:
316:
299:
298:
296:
293:
292:
291:
288:
274:
271:
263:Constantinople
214:Constantinople
171:
168:
147:
144:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
96:
90:
89:
88:(m. 1146-1159)
83:
79:
78:
72:Constantinople
67:
63:
62:
47:
43:
42:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1530:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:Roman emperor
1410:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1379:Helena DragaÅ”
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1357:Irene Asanina
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Anna of Savoy
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1047:Fabia Eudokia
1045:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:Ino Anastasia
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
971:Aelia Eudocia
969:
967:
966:Aelia Eudoxia
964:
963:
961:
957:
953:
947:
944:
942:
941:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
909:
905:
901:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
864:Marina Severa
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
834:
830:
828:
825:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
796:
792:
788:
782:
781:Magnia Urbica
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
746:
743:
742:
740:
736:
732:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
705:
704:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
598:
594:
590:
585:
578:
573:
571:
566:
564:
559:
558:
555:
546:
537:
536:
529:
523:
520:Royal titles
518:
513:
506:
501:
500:
491:
485:
484:
478:
475:
471:
468:
464:
460:
457:
455:
451:
448:
444:
439:
435:
430:
426:
421:
417:
412:
411:
399:
394:
387:
382:
376:, p. 88.
375:
370:
364:, p. 48.
363:
358:
356:
349:, p. 38.
348:
343:
336:
331:
327:
314:
310:
304:
300:
289:
287:
283:
282:Maria Comnena
280:
279:
278:
270:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
229:
223:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
176:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
143:
141:
138:
134:
130:
122:
119:
115:
112:
109:
105:
100:
99:Maria Komnene
97:
95:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
1468:1110s births
1447:
1443:
1439:
1382:
1360:
1323:
1259:
1251:
1220:
1213:
1151:
1109:
1101:
938:
831:
751:Tranquillina
701:
663:Vibia Sabina
533:
511:
504:
497:
482:
473:
466:
462:
453:
442:
433:
424:
415:
393:
381:
374:Hodgson 2007
369:
342:
330:
312:
308:
303:
276:
260:
244:Thessalonica
233:
225:
222:John Tzetzes
211:
201:escorted by
181:
149:
132:
128:
127:
102:Anna Komnene
1473:1159 deaths
1444:underlining
1016:Constantina
698:Julia Domna
307:In German:
37:1146 - 1159
1462:Categories
1147:Euphrosyne
919:Thermantia
879:Constantia
593:Principate
362:Freed 2016
322:References
240:archbishop
224:wrote his
1199:Theophano
1137:Theodosia
1112:of Athens
1067:Anastasia
976:Pulcheria
821:Minervina
623:Messalina
586:empresses
1429:Augustae
1405:See also
1222:Theodora
1204:Theodora
1194:Theodora
1153:Theodora
1132:Prokopia
1122:Theodote
1057:Gregoria
1040:610ā1453
1035:Eastern/
1001:Theodora
996:Euphemia
940:Placidia
849:Faustina
806:Eutropia
791:Dominate
463:Historia
218:Epiphany
152:Sulzbach
49:c. 1110s
1440:Italics
1097:Eudokia
1087:Tzitzak
1072:Eudokia
1052:Martina
1021:Leontia
991:Zenonis
986:Ariadne
959:395ā610
907:395ā480
874:Domnica
869:Justina
859:Charito
844:Eusebia
794:284ā610
738:235ā285
678:Lucilla
408:Sources
170:Empress
1209:Helena
1142:Thekla
1062:Fausta
1006:Sophia
981:Verina
854:Helena
827:Fausta
801:Prisca
735:Crisis
510:
476:, 1999
238:, the
205:, the
195:Conrad
117:Mother
107:Father
82:Spouse
34:Tenure
1110:Irene
1092:Maria
1082:Maria
914:Maria
894:Galla
884:Laeta
603:Livia
512:Died:
507:1110s
505:Born:
295:Notes
273:Issue
228:Iliad
133:Irene
94:Issue
56:Hesse
1448:bold
1417:list
1381:(w.
1359:(w.
1322:(w.
1250:(w.
1103:Anna
700:(w.
514:1159
146:Life
69:1159
66:Died
46:Born
1215:Zoƫ
823:(?)
747:(?)
242:of
1464::
461:,
452:,
354:^
269:.
254:,
231:.
209:.
166:.
142:.
74:,
58:,
54:,
1387:)
1365:)
1328:)
1256:)
706:)
576:e
569:t
562:v
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