507:. After an initial lack of success they conferred the Le Verrier data with a newly published sheet of the „Berliner Akademische Sternkarte", edited by the Prussian Academy of Science. The letter from Le Verrier had coincidentally reached his close acquaintance Galle on the same day as Encke's 55th birthday, who gave his permission to search around the given celestial positions. At other observatories, the request of the French astronomer was viewed as not having sufficiently promising chances of success, of detecting another large planet on the basis of the deviations between theory and observations for the orbit of
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27-meter-high building was one of the first tower observatories of the 18th century. The observatory became partly usable in 1706 and by 1709 was more or less completed. On 15 January 1711 the ″Königlich Preußische Sozietät der
Wissenschaften″ held its first meeting in the tower and four days later its first formal gathering, at which the observatory was officially handed over. It became an important focus of the Society. In time, its library and natural history collection also came to be housed under the same roof. The Society was reorganized by
165:(originally German name: ″Kurfürstlich-Brandenburgische Societät der Wissenschaften″), based on the plans of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Leibniz became the first president of the Academy. The fees resulting from the calendar patent were the almost single financial basis of the institution for a long period. The society originally had no actual observatory of its own and Kirch carried out his observations at various private observatories including, from 1705, the private observatory of Geheimrat Bernhard Friedrich von Krosigk on the Wallstrasse, in
43:
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31:
290:, lasting until 1959. By virtue of this medium, Berlin Observatory developed into an information source of prime importance within Europe. Originally Bode had the venerable Christine Kirch to assist him with the work on the calendar. In 1774, he married a granddaughter of one of her sisters; she was likewise entrusted with astronomical work in line with the Kirch family tradition. Christine Kirch died in 1782. As director of the observatory, Bode was able, through favors from
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349:, was called to Berlin by King Frederick William III in 1825 and named director of the Berlin Observatory. Thanks to the influence of Alexander von Humboldt, expensive instruments were obtained and with his aid Encke was also able to get the Prussian King to agree to the construction of a new observatory, situated on the edge of the city at that time. A condition was that the observatory should be made available to the
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425:. The foundation stone was laid on 22 October 1832 and the observatory was ready by 1835, on the area currently bounded by the streets ″Friedrichstraße″, ″Besselstraße″ and ″Lindenstraße″. The southern end of the ″Charlottenstraße″ was later named ″Enckeplatz″ in honor of the director at that time and the observatory acquired the address of Enckeplatz 3 A (now: ″Enckestraße 11″).
294:, to extend the till then rather third-class-equipped institution with a second observing level. When Bode entered a petition to this effect on 2 November 1798, space for observing within the tower was still limited to the third storey. The two storeys over it were united to a single spacious level. From there, the observing activities could be extended, once the calculated cost of 4465
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318:'s occupation of Berlin in 1806 and Oltmanns followed him in 1808. Until 1811, the astronomical institute financed itself almost exclusively from the monopoly on the calendar calculations, which had been conferred on the Academy at the time of its founding; in that year the Academy lost its calendar privileges and became dependent on the state budget and on charity.
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from the instrument maker of Berlin and a chronometer from the Berlin clockmaker. As a result, six days later, Frederick
William III granted 8500 taler for the refractor, 3500 taler for the meridian circle and 600 taler for the chronometer. The refractor was the last great telescope from Fraunhofer,
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and his son
Christfried. Maria Margarethe discovered, among other things, the comet of 1702. In the meantime the KurfĂĽrst had been raised in 1701 to the rank of King in Prussia. On 1 January 1710, the capital was expanded by uniting the previously independent towns of Dorotheenstadt, Friedrichstadt,
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on 10 May 1700 and eight days later
Gottfried Kirch was appointed to Director of the Observatory. On 11 July (his 43rd birthday) the KurfĂĽrst signed a document formally founding an Academy and an Observatory in Berlin. Therefore, Berlin received an academy just like those already existing in London,
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Although the original observatory was built in the outskirts of the city, over the course of time the city expanded such that after two centuries the observatory was in the middle of other settlements which made making observations very difficult and a proposal to move the observatory was made. The
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in the form of a hemisphere with a slit opening and rotation mechanism. The foundations of the actual observatory were separate from the other buildings, to avoid transmission of vibrations. Under the dome was the library. In the upper storey were further observational spaces as well as scientific
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At the end of the 19th century, the rapid growth of Berlin led to the fact that the
Observatory which was once on the edge of the city was now fully surrounded by buildings, and therefore observational activities were nearly impossible to a level required for research. In the middle of the 1890s
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The two-storey building was a plastered building "in simple
Hellenic style" as a link between the modern and antique. The building laid out in cruciform plan-form and extended to the east with its longest arm. At the meeting point of the arms of the cross a rotating iron dome was placed with a
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and his sister, just like he and his mother once helped his father. His mother died in 1720. From 1720 until 1736 he was assisted with the practical activities by J. G. SchĂĽtz. After the death of
Christfried Kirch he took on the post of director in 1740. For many years the calculations for the
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The new location in the original
Schlosspark was a part of the Gemeinde . The "villa settlement" of Neubabelsberg was united in 1938 with the town of to form the town of Babelsberg. Then almost straightaway in 1939 this became incorporated into Potsdam. The designation "Berlin-Babelsberg" was
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carried out pendulum observations in the ″little magnetic house″ („Magnetisches Häuschen") in the grounds of the observatory (see
Freydanck's painting on this page) for the creation of a new Prussian measurement of length. In 1837 Encke discovered with the Fraunhofer refractor the gap in the
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extended the complex northwards for the new Societät der
Wissenschaften, doubling the perimeter out to the Letzten StraĂźe (later: DorotheenstraĂźe)). From 1700 until 1711, the observatory, a tower built by GrĂĽnberg with three levels, was added to the northern wing of the installation. The
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and the purchase of new instruments to the sum of 450.000 Goldmarks). The land itself on the Babelsberg in the Schlosspark cost the Royal establishment nothing. The hill giving the area its name is situated about three kilometers north-east of the Telegrafenberg.
632:, which occupied its own building at ″Lindenstraße 91″, but on the grounds and in association with the observatory. Most of the astronomers now worked in this theoretical section – separate from the practical, observational section. The section was led by
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The construction of the main building was carried out between 1911 and 1913 by Mertins, W. Eggert, Beringer und E. Wagnernach following the design of ThĂĽr and BrĂĽstlein. The move was supervised by the precision engineering company, who also manufactured an
550:. After Encke fell ill in 1863, he stood in as his deputy and in 1865, the year Encke died, he became director of the observatory. The observatory at this time was the most important astronomical research and educational institution in Deutschland. In 1873
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calendar were continued the most part by Christine Kirch; she was also responsible for the keeping of the accounts. During the years of "Old Observatory" questions of astronomy were also discussed and grappled with in Berlin by the likes of, among others,
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Zoll refractor from Merz & Mahler. After the demolition of the building itself, part of the grounds were used in 1912 for a new road, which has been called EnckestraĂźe since 1927. From 1913, the street was built up with, among others, the (1922).
703:, who had been active at the observatory as Observator since 1906 following on from his training as an assistant at the observatory from 1901 to 1903, the decision made by the Kultusministeriums fell in favor of his recommended location in the
856:(or University Observatory at Berlin-Babelsberg.) After Hermann Struve, the directorship passed over to Paul Guthnick in 1921 and he remained as a long-serving director until 1946. Apart from this post, his main body of work concerned the
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took over the directorate of the observatory. Under his leadership research was considerably extended and the project of yet another move took on concrete form. After test observations in the surrounding area starting from June 1906 by
476:. On 19 May the first observations were carried out although the building was only fully finished at the end of 1835. Galle had applied to become assistant to Encke a considerable time before the building became ready for occupancy.
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and its construction at the desired location. After his return, on 1 May 1830, Humboldt requested Schinkel by letter for a design. On 10 August 1830, the purchase of a building plot for the new observatory was authorized.
101:, Encke got the King to agree to the financing of a true observatory, but one condition was that the observatory be made accessible to the public two nights per week. The building was designed by the well-known architect
305:
arrived in Berlin as Bode's co-worker and in 1801 (″Astronomisches Jahrbuch für 1804″) Soldner's work appeared on the weight of light with implications for the curving of light rays in a gravitational field. In 1805
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The construction of the new Berlin Observatory proceeded from a cabinet order of 10 November 1830 according to the design of Schinkel. An approximately one hectare plot was acquired at a price of 15,000
152:
in 1582. The 'improved calendar' was introduced the following year and resulted in 18 February 1700 being followed by 1 March. A patent for the calendar was granted to the planned Berlin Observatory by
841:, destroyed in the war. – where it is still in service today. In 2002, the remaining torso of the building was fully restored and completed and received a new dome; since then the library of the
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829:, at the time the second-largest telescope in the world and the largest in Europe. After the Second World War, the reflecting telescope was dismantled and was shipped off to the Soviet Union as
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came to Berlin and assisted Bode with his astronomical observations and his work on the Jahrbuch, in which also the first of his own articles appeared. Oltmanns also became an assistant to
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that was still available in MĂĽnchen. At the same time, Humboldt received from the king the authority for the storage of associated documents in the Kultusministerium (cultural ministry) .
314:
and processed the positional data from his just completed research expedition through Mid- and South America; during this work, Humboldt was ordered to Paris on a diplomatic mission after
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in Munich. On 7 April 1829, five days before the departure of Humboldt on his Russian expedition, he received a royal commission for the new observatory project planned by the architect
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was called to Berlin in 1896 as his successor. In the following year he achieved in making the institute fully independent of the observatory. In 1912 it moved into a new building in
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work areas. The long east wing housed the living quarters of the director on the ground floor and was adorned with a temple front, which as the main frontage showed the God of Light
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The first of the new instruments arrived in spring 1914. In the year after, the placing of a 65 cm refractor was completed; it was the first large astronomical instrument from
1704:
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and the plan was approved on 7 April 1800 and the required conversion was completed by June 1801. The construction work was supervised by Oberhofbaurat and Schlossbaumeister Bock.
801:). The Observatory in Kreuzberg was cleared out and torn down in August 1913. The sale of the land covered the cost of the construction of the new building (1.1 million
1580:
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488:, later on named after him, with the Fraunhofer refractor, and in 1838 Galle discovered a further dark ring of Saturn – the C-Ring – as well as three new
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404:. On 3 July 1903 the tower was torn down. The entire area of the Marstall complex between DorotheenstraĂźe and Unter den Linden was taken over in 1914 by the
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733:, a meridian circle from Pistor & Martins dating from 1868 with 19 cm aperture and 2.6 m focal length, a 6 Zoll (inch) refractor from and a
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1913:
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628:(as "Rechen-Institut zur Herausgabe des Berliner Astronomischen Jahrbuchs"), on the basis of the ever-growing extent of calculation of astronomical
86:, who observed from a private observatory in Berlin. A first small observatory was furnished in 1711, financing itself by calendrical computations.
624:. On the Telegrafenberg stood formerly the „Telegraphenstation 4" which given the hill its name. In the same year Foerster founded the Berlin
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Tower of the old Berlin Observatory between 1832 and 1848, with signal mast of the optical telegraph. View from the west, by F. W. Klose
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368:(24.4 cm) and an inner focal length of 4.33 meters. Humboldt submitted a request for its purchase on 9 October 1828, including a
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In September 1699, the Reichstag decided to introduce an "improved calendar" to the Protestant German states without having to take on the
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nevertheless retained by the observatory for a few years still. Only after 1945 was the word Berlin discarded. Ihr IAU-Code ist 536.
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675:. The original Academy Observatory had already been used by the University since the founding of Berlin University in 1809. In 1890
1917:
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Because Foerster was not a member of the Academy, the Observatory was separated from the Academy in 1889 and affiliated to the
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in 1744 as the ″Royal Academy of Sciences″ (″Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften″) and retained its base there until 1752.
515:, whose director Le Verrier later became. By virtue of the discovery of Neptune, Berlin Observatory gained worldwide renown.
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Wilhelm Foerster led the observatory until the end of his life in 1903. It was his impulse that led to the erection of the
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58:) is a German astronomical institution with a series of observatories and related organizations in and around the city of
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in 1860, Foerster became his successor as first assistant. In the same year Foerster, together with his co-worker
1656:"Thema 7. Der Bau der neuen Berliner Sternwarte und das Wirken von Johann Franz Encke und Alexander von Humboldt"
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the Universitätssternwarte Berlin-Babelsberg took it on as a new department in 1931, i.e. an out-station in .
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became a worker at the Observatory and erected on the instructions of Foerster a photographic outpost on the
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1638:
233:, the son of Gottfried Kirch, became his successor. He was aided in his work on the calendar by his mother
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1985:
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Wilhelm Foerster and others proposed the building of a new observatory outside of the metropolitan area.
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in relief on the gables. To the east of the building stood a small house with the living quarters of the
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1894:
Zur Wahl Alexander von Humboldts in die Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin vor 200 Jahren
1282:
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Fundamental-Catalog fĂĽr Zonenbeobachtungen am SĂĽdhimmel und sĂĽdlicher Polar-Catalog fĂĽr die Epoche 1900
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On 24 April 1835 Encke could move into the new observatory, along with his newly appointed assistant
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1970:
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On the north wing of the observatory was the height reference point for Prussia, known in German as
575:
2183:
1859:
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died in 1710, a year before the official opening of the Academy and the Observatory. His assistant
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A few of the observational instruments went to the new location: a new 30 cm refractor von
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1833:
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in 1945. Only a small remaining section returned to the observatory, which by now had moved to
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Struve remained as director until his death in 1920 – up until 1918 it was still called
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286:(for 1776) had already appeared by 1774, initiating the longest-lasting publication series in
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1957:
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535:
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121:, although it has not been used for German astronomical observations since the 20th century.
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1395:(in German), vol. Acta Historica Astronomiae Vol. 30 (1. ed.), Frankfurt am Main:
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1995:(in German), no. 43, 34. Jahrgang, Berlin: Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, pp. 318–321
8:
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1323:"Thema 4. Die ersten Jahre der Sternwarte und die Leistungen der Astronomenfamilie Kirch"
1023:
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636:, who had been working at the observatory since 1861. In 1865 he discovered the asteroid
1734:
1152:
2323:
2311:
1148:
1058:
1010:
914:
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350:
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was added as second assistant to Encke and in 1854 he became first assistant. In 1855
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206:, originally for 200 horses, and a second storey was added from 1695 to 1697 for the
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By 1913, activities were moved to a new Observatory at Babelsberg, shown here in 2006
262:, their first really important observing instrument. This device can now be seen in
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1945:
1738:
1345:"Thema 5. Der Aufschwung der Wissenschaften unter Friedrich dem Großen (1712–1786)"
1132:
1034:
802:
657:
531:
422:
377:
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199:
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The first Berlin Observatory was sited in the Dorotheenstadt quarter. The Marstall
1100:
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1900:
1763:
1708:
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served from 1764 to 1787 as Director of the Old Observatory and was succeeded by
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moved up to replace him as the head of the observatory. After his death in 1716
30:
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1545:
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The Fraunhofer refractor arrived in Berlin on 3 March 1829. Today it is in the
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received the position of First Astronomer. In 1768, the Observatory received a
239:
154:
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2021:
1801:"Faksimiledruck zum Normal-Höhenpunkt an der königlichen Sternwarte zu Berlin"
280:; after Lambert' death, Bode became the sole editor. The first edition of the
182:
22:
1838 painting of the New Berlin Observatory (Linden Street), where the planet
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2232:
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Der Berliner Astronom : Leben und Werk von Johann Elert Bode (1747–1826)
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When the time came to seek a successor by virtue of Bode's retirement, both
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A brief history of astronomy in Berlin and the Wilhelm-Foerster-Observatory
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had been erected from 1687 to 1688 according to the plans of the architect
1942:"Besprechung. Struve, Hermann, Die neue Berliner Sternwarte in Babelsberg"
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Beyond that they did much work on the calculation of orbits of comets and
105:, and began operating in 1835. It now bears the IAU observatory code 548.
1047:
637:
629:
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136:(Urania Observatory, IAU code 537), and the Bruno H. BĂĽrgel Observatory.
1882:
Marita Baumgarten: Professoren und Universitäten im 19. Jahrhundert
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Prof. Dr. Paul Guthnick – ein Pionier der lichtelektrischen Photometrie
1949:
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852:(or Berlin-Neubabelsberg) and then from 1918 until 1946 it became the
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studied at the institution for two years. When Bruhns transferred to
459:
357:
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1941:
601:. The marking was formally presented on the 82nd birthday of Kaiser
2163:"Abteilung Sonneberg der Universitäts-Sternwarte Berlin-Babelsberg"
1984:
Eggert (30 May 1914), Ministerium der öffentlichen Arbeiten (ed.),
680:
519:
455:
1436:"Thema 6. Johann Georg Soldner und die KrĂĽmmung der Lichtstrahlen"
833:(a fate shared by other observing instruments) It was sent to the
166:
82:). The Society had no observatory but nevertheless an astronomer,
66:, starting from the 18th century. It has its origins in 1700 when
1367:"Bodes Astronomisches Jahrbuch als internationales Archivjournal"
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276:. Lambert fetched Bode to Berlin in 1773, in order to publish an
63:
23:
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was also employed as Observator; he discovered in this time the
503:, on the basis of positional calculations send by the Frenchman
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optischertelegraph4.de: Station 1: Berlin-Mitte Alte Sternwarte
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was later named in honor of his observations of Saturn's rings.
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as a result of his measurement activities. From 1866 to 1900
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diameter of 7.5 metres. It was the first observatory dome in
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132:, Berlin-Treptow (Archenhold Observatory; IAU code 604), the
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The location given up on the LindenstraĂźe was listed by the
365:
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in Jena. In 1924 followed the completion of a 120 cm
1194:
published his fundamental star catalog of 170,000 stars (
1095:
an der alten Sternwarte, und an der neuen beispielsweise
174:
Friedrichwerder, and Cölln and Berlin (the oldest ones).
1091:
Other workers at the observatory included, for example,
1940:
Guthnick, P.; Galle, A.; Ziehen, T. -H (January 1920).
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turned the post down. On the recommendation of Bessel,
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208:
Academie der Mahler-, Bildhauer- und Architectur-Kunst
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1634:
1632:
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Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
392:
between 1832 and 1849, one of the 62 stations of the
1856:"Zur Geschichte des Astronomischen Rechen-Instituts"
1151:
observed a broad variation in the brightness of the
2149:
300 Jahre Astronomie in Berlin und Potsdam; Vorwort
1939:
1721:Repsold, J. A. (1919). "Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel".
534:received a position as second assistant. From 1857
1880:Kritische Studien zur Geschichtswissenschaft 121:
1629:
1386:
1283:Monika Mommertz: Schattenökonomie der Wissenschaft
605:on 22 March 1879. This point was derived from the
495:On 23 September 1846, Galle and astronomy student
479:From May to August 1835 the Königsberg astronomer
110:
793:moved again after 78 years in its second home to
648:. In 1944 it was placed under the control of the
2367:
1502:
751:
119:Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP)
70:initiated the "Brandenburg Society of Science″ (
2376:1835 establishments in the German Confederation
1511:(in German), Berlin: Akademie-Verlag: 127–128,
2184:Direktoren des Astronomischen Rechen-Instituts
2011:
2009:
882:
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1509:Beiträge zur Alexander-Von-Humboldt-Forschung
1387:Friedhelm Schwemin (2006), Wolfgang R. Dick;
574:. From 1884 until the beginning of the 1890s
522:. Galle was called to become director of the
177:
1834:"Thema 12. Das Astronomische Recheninstitut"
1798:
837:complete with its dome;– to reconstruct the
440:The North Wing with the height datum of 1879
2206:Astrophysical Institute Potsdam – MHD Group
2006:
1364:
1305:
1303:
1142:
889:
854:Universitätssternwarte zu Berlin-Babelsberg
499:, since 1845 assistant at the observatory,
388:The tower of the old observatory served as
2381:Buildings and structures completed in 1835
1278:
1276:
1257:Hans Christian Förster (9 February 2009).
850:Königliche Sternwarte zu Berlin-Babelsberg
839:Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Simejis
656:in Saxony to avoid the bombing. After the
614:Astrophysikalischen Observatoriums Potsdam
558:; by 1887 he had discovered the asteroids
432:Plan of the new Berlin Observatory of 1879
411:
252:Giovanni_Salvemini (aka Johann Castillon)
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1300:
875:By virtue of the nationalization of the
843:Leibniz-Institut fĂĽr Astrophysik Potsdam
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41:
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17:
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1578:Der Refraktor von Joseph von Fraunhofer
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1273:
1183:in 1846, near the position computed by
797:(since then it is often referred to as
668:and it was again incorporated in 1956.
186:The royal stables and the observatory,
2368:
2018:"Geschichte der Potsdamer Astrophysik"
1983:
683:in Grunewald for the photographing of
360:from the MĂĽnchen (Munich) workshop of
210:, founded in 1696. From 1696 to 1700,
80:PreuĂźische Akademie der Wissenschaften
74:) which would later (1744) become the
38:, Berlin Observatory from 1835 to 1913
2386:Astronomical observatories in Germany
1788:Wie die Berliner in die Röhre guckten
1498:
1496:
1295:Berliner Geschichte von 1700 bis 1799
1986:"Der Neubau der Berliner Sternwarte"
1774:Astronomische Nachrichten Nr. 5088:
1548:"Alexander von Humboldt Chronologie"
1024:Joseph JĂ©rĂ´me Le Francais de Lalande
609:and marked off 37 meters over zero.
2070:Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.
1169:discovered Saturn's C-ring in 1838.
117:). Since 1992 it is managed by the
13:
2391:Buildings and structures in Berlin
2193:(bis 1874 der Berliner Sternwarte)
1786:Eine Rezension von Bertram Winde:
1776:J. Bauschinger: Wilhelm Foerster â€
1702:Johann Gottfried Galle (1812–1910)
1493:
1209:List of astronomical observatories
860:of stars and the investigation of
14:
2407:
2199:
1643:Luisenstädtischen Bildungsvereins
1246:Luisenstädtischen Bildungsvereins
1231:Luisenstädtischen Bildungsvereins
1113:Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke
364:with an inner aperture of 9
169:. Kirch was assisted by his wife
2396:Frederick William III of Prussia
2353:
2341:
2329:
2317:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2269:
1719:Astronomische Nachrichten 1920:
1677:Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
1597:Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
765:
758:
716:International Astronomical Union
660:the greater part was brought to
292:Frederick William III of Prussia
283:Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch
95:Frederick William III of Prussia
2176:
2154:
2142:
2129:
2117:
2090:
2063:
2036:
2015:
1977:
1932:
1905:
1886:
1874:
1847:
1825:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1749:
1713:
1694:
1669:
1647:
1614:
1589:
1570:
1539:
1471:
1449:
1427:
1412:
1380:
1072:Franz Ulrich Theodosius Aepinus
93:was appointed director by King
2223:Astrophysics Institute Potsdam
1993:Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung
1358:
1336:
1314:
1288:
1259:"Die erste Sternwarte Berlins"
1250:
1235:
1220:
356:The main instrument was a new
113:in 1913 (IAU observatory code
1:
1214:
1105:Franz Friedrich Ernst BrĂĽnnow
845:has been accommodated there.
752:Berlin-Babelsberg Observatory
626:Astronomische Rechen-Institut
501:discovered the planet Neptune
353:on two evenings in the week.
341:, since 1822 Director of the
2099:"Neu in Potsdam. Bibliothek"
163:Prussian Academy of Sciences
126:Wilhelm Foerster Observatory
76:Prussian Academy of Sciences
7:
1242:Akademie der Wissenschaften
1202:
1076:
1065:
1052:
1041:
1028:
1017:
1004:
1000:Augustin Nathanael Grischow
993:
980:
969:
956:
945:
932:
921:
908:
897:
883:Directors and other workers
421:in the present-day area of
111:moved to Potsdam-Babelsberg
72:Sozietät der Wissenschaften
10:
2412:
1914:"Haus mit "Himmelskanone""
1505:"Miscellanea Humboldtiana"
1097:Johann Heinrich von Mädler
677:Friedrich Simon Archenhold
594:containing 170 000 stars.
546:, discovered the asteroid
394:Prussian optical telegraph
178:The Old Berlin Observatory
139:
1757:Pariser Himmelsmechaniker
1723:Astronomische Nachrichten
1707:25 September 2004 at the
1503:Kurt-R. Biermann (1990),
586:compiled, in Berlin, his
390:Telegraphenstation 1
1831:Galerie des Universums:
1743:10.1002/asna.19202101102
1700:Galerie des Universums:
1653:Galerie des Universums:
1433:Galerie des Universums:
1342:Galerie des Universums:
1320:Galerie des Universums:
1143:Selected accomplishments
928:Johann Heinrich Hoffmann
790:
640:. After Tietjens death,
607:Amsterdam Ordnance Datum
481:Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
335:Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
227:Johann Heinrich Hoffmann
36:Neue Berliner Sternwarte
1625:(in German), p. 96
1583:5 November 2013 at the
1423:(in German), p. 51
1177:Heinrich Louis d'Arrest
1059:Karl Hermann von Struve
1035:Wilhelm Julius Foerster
497:Heinrich Louis d’Arrest
382:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
248:Johann Heinrich Lambert
103:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
26:was discovered in 1846.
1965:Cite journal requires
1641:im Bezirkslexikon des
1399:, pp. 23 u. 136,
1244:im Bezirkslexikon des
1229:im Bezirkslexikon des
1173:Johann Gottfried Galle
1167:Johann Gottfried Galle
1093:Johann Friedrich Pfaff
893:of Berlin Observatory
877:Sonnenberg Observatory
799:Babelsberg Observatory
782:Babelsberg Observatory
774:Babelsberg Observatory
705:Schlosspark Babelsberg
576:Karl Friedrich KĂĽstner
572:(271) Penthesilea
524:observatory in Breslau
474:Johann Gottfried Galle
465:The observatory got a
441:
433:
412:New Berlin Observatory
326:
312:Alexander von Humboldt
264:Babelsberg Observatory
235:Maria Margarethe Kirch
195:
99:Alexander von Humboldt
97:. With the support of
47:
39:
27:
2246:52.50389°N 13.39417°E
2151:auf astro.uni-bonn.de
1799:Walter Major (2006).
1681:"Berlin im Jahr 1835"
1623:Der Berliner Astronom
1601:"Berlin im Jahr 1830"
1567:– sehr lange Webseite
1480:"Encke, Johann Franz"
1421:Der Berliner Astronom
976:Johann Wilhelm Wagner
536:Giovanni Schiaparelli
528:Karl Christian Bruhns
439:
431:
362:Joseph von Fraunhofer
324:
244:Joseph Louis Lagrange
192:Leopold Ludwig MĂĽller
185:
161:Paris and Rome – the
130:Archenhold Sternwarte
124:In Berlin remain the
45:
33:
21:
2211:22 July 2011 at the
2189:20 July 2007 at the
2125:Institute: Portraits
2042:potsdam-chronik.de:
1762:8 March 2010 at the
1458:"Johann Franz Encke"
1397:Verlag Harri Deutsch
1297:bei gerd-albrecht.de
1121:Wilhelm Oswald Lohse
963:Johann III Bernoulli
827:reflecting telescope
406:Berlin State Library
303:Johann Georg Soldner
270:Johann III Bernoulli
204:Johann Arnold Nering
128:(IAU code 544), the
2242: /
1899:11 May 2008 at the
1735:1919AN....210..161R
1639:Akademie-Sternwarte
1190:From 1866 to 1900,
939:Johann Albert Euler
652:and transferred to
646:Berlin-Lichterfelde
616:in 1874 for on the
492:from 1839 to 1840.
343:Seeberg Observatory
331:Carl Friedrich GauĂź
56:Berliner Sternwarte
2251:52.50389; 13.39417
2139:(PDF; 162 kB)
1950:10.1007/BF02448020
1938:springerlink.com:
1755:Christian Pinter:
1576:Deutsches Museum:
1455:friedensblitz.de:
1175:and his assistant
1149:Johann Franz Encke
1011:Johann Franz Encke
915:Johann Jakob Huber
791:Berlin Observatory
718:(IAU) under their
696:Hermann von Struve
666:Potsdam-Babelsberg
642:Julius Bauschinger
590:, a comprehensive
588:Fundamentalkatalog
568:(238) Hypatia
560:(158) Koronis
469:from Karl Pistor.
442:
434:
339:Johann Franz Encke
327:
196:
146:Gregorian Calendar
91:Johann Franz Encke
52:Berlin Observatory
48:
40:
28:
1554:on 29 August 2009
1365:Wolfgang Kokott.
1185:Urbain Le Verrier
1089:
1088:
987:Johann Elert Bode
952:Christfried Kirch
720:observatory codes
673:Berlin University
634:Friedrich Tietjen
564:(215) Oenone
526:in 1851. In 1852
513:Paris Observatory
505:Urbain Le Verrier
274:Johann Elert Bode
231:Christfried Kirch
150:Pope Gregory XIII
134:Urania Sternwarte
68:Gottfried Leibniz
2403:
2358:
2357:
2346:
2345:
2334:
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2257:
2256:
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2240:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2194:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2101:. Archived from
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2074:. Archived from
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2047:. Archived from
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2020:. Archived from
2013:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1990:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1953:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1920:on 28 April 2009
1916:. Archived from
1909:
1903:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1862:on 5 August 2010
1858:. Archived from
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1812:
1806:. Archived from
1805:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1717:
1711:
1698:
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1673:
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1651:
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1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1593:
1587:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1550:. Archived from
1543:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1475:
1469:
1468:
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1340:
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1318:
1312:
1307:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1261:. TUB-newsportal
1254:
1248:
1239:
1233:
1224:
1137:Georg von Struve
1133:Erwin Freundlich
887:
886:
769:
768:
762:
746:
745:
741:
738:
658:Second World War
532:Wilhelm Foerster
511:. This included
423:Berlin-Kreuzberg
396:from Berlin via
378:Deutsches Museum
200:Unter den Linden
171:Maria Margarethe
148:, introduced by
109:observatory was
34:Location of the
2411:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2292:
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2270:
2268:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2213:Wayback Machine
2202:
2197:
2191:Wayback Machine
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2160:4pisysteme.de:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2105:on 21 July 2012
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2078:on 16 July 2011
2072:"Brief History"
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2024:on 6 March 2012
2014:
2007:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1982:
1978:
1966:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1912:
1911:nordkurier.de:
1910:
1906:
1901:Wayback Machine
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1764:Wayback Machine
1754:
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1709:Wayback Machine
1699:
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1301:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1255:
1251:
1240:
1236:
1227:DorotheenstraĂźe
1225:
1221:
1217:
1205:
1145:
1129:Eugen Goldstein
1081:
1070:
1057:
1046:
1033:
1022:
1009:
998:
985:
974:
961:
950:
937:
926:
913:
904:Gottfried Kirch
902:
885:
816:meridian circle
787:
786:
785:
779:
778:
777:
776:
770:
754:
743:
739:
736:
734:
603:Wilhelm I.
548:(62) Erato
486:rings of Saturn
467:meridian circle
414:
370:meridian circle
258:constructed by
223:Gottfried Kirch
212:Martin GrĂĽnberg
180:
142:
84:Gottfried Kirch
12:
11:
5:
2409:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
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2350:
2338:
2326:
2314:
2302:
2290:
2278:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2201:
2200:External links
2198:
2196:
2195:
2175:
2153:
2141:
2128:
2116:
2097:JĂĽrgen Tietz.
2089:
2062:
2051:on 10 May 2012
2035:
2005:
1976:
1967:|journal=
1931:
1904:
1885:
1873:
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1824:
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1164:
1161:Encke Division
1144:
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895:
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884:
881:
862:variable stars
780:
772:
771:
764:
763:
757:
756:
755:
753:
750:
618:Telegrafenberg
413:
410:
308:Jabbo Oltmanns
256:mural quadrant
240:Leonhard Euler
179:
176:
155:Prince-elector
141:
138:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2397:
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2185:
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2145:
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2132:
2126:
2120:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2010:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1835:
1828:
1813:on 4 May 2015
1809:
1802:
1795:
1789:
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1777:
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1752:
1744:
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1736:
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1697:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1657:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1624:
1621:F. Schwemin,
1617:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1573:
1565:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1518:3-05-000791-5
1514:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1497:
1481:
1474:
1459:
1452:
1437:
1430:
1422:
1419:F. Schwemin,
1415:
1408:
1406:3-8171-1796-5
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1368:
1361:
1346:
1339:
1324:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1296:
1291:
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1279:
1277:
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1243:
1238:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1197:
1193:
1192:Arthur Auwers
1189:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:in 1837. The
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:Adolf Marcuse
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:Robert Luther
1106:
1102:
1101:Gustav Spörer
1098:
1094:
1084:
1083:Paul Guthnick
1079:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1049:
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869:
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844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
807:
804:
800:
796:
792:
789:In 1913, the
783:
775:
761:
749:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
701:Paul Guthnick
697:
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688:
686:
682:
678:
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631:
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623:
619:
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608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
585:
584:Arthur Auwers
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:Viktor Knorre
549:
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158:Frederick III
156:
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61:
57:
53:
44:
37:
32:
25:
20:
16:
2336:Solar System
2227:
2178:
2166:. Retrieved
2156:
2144:
2135:H. Schmidt:
2131:
2119:
2107:. Retrieved
2103:the original
2092:
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1117:Ernst Becker
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1085:(1879–1947)
1074:(1724–1802)
1061:(1854–1920)
1050:(1713–1781)
1037:(1832–1921)
1026:(1732–1807)
1013:(1791–1865)
1002:(1726–1760)
989:(1747–1826)
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965:(1744–1807)
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2312:Spaceflight
2249: /
2045:"1900–1920"
1729:(11): 161.
1686:29 November
1558:21 November
1265:24 November
1179:discovered
1048:Johann Kies
864:with a new
831:reparations
638:(86) Semele
630:ephemerides
544:Otto Lesser
250:. In 1765,
2370:Categories
2237:13°23′39″E
2234:52°30′14″N
1866:15 January
1839:17 January
1661:14 January
1606:2 December
1564:fraunhofer
1532:4 December
1441:20 January
1350:18 January
1328:13 January
1215:References
1080:1921–1946
1056:1904–1920
1032:1865–1903
1008:1825–1863
997:1745–1749
984:1787–1825
973:1740–1745
960:1764–1787
949:1716–1740
925:1710–1716
912:1756–1758
901:1700–1710
866:photometer
858:photometry
823:Carl Zeiss
812:astrograph
795:Babelsberg
662:Heidelberg
599:Normalnull
556:Observator
188:watercolor
2348:Education
2288:Astronomy
2109:14 August
2082:14 August
2028:13 August
1999:14 August
1527:0232-1556
1485:7 January
1463:7 January
1372:1 January
891:Directors
803:Goldmarks
520:asteroids
460:castellan
358:refractor
288:astronomy
260:John Bird
2209:Archived
2187:Archived
2168:26 April
2055:22 April
1924:24 April
1897:Archived
1817:30 April
1760:Archived
1705:Archived
1581:Archived
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784:(Berlin)
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694:In 1904
681:Halensee
554:came as
456:quadriga
316:Napoleon
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2360:Science
2276:Germany
2262:Portals
1731:Bibcode
1181:Neptune
742:⁄
731:Repsold
709:Potsdam
685:nebulae
654:Sermuth
622:Potsdam
540:Leipzig
454:with a
447:Prussia
419:Thalers
402:Koblenz
296:Thalers
278:almanac
140:History
64:Germany
24:Neptune
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835:Crimea
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1971:help
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1868:2009
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