975:
1035:
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801:
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1005:
85:
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957:
942:
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64:
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plants are also commonly planted as pedestrian barriers. Taller-growing species are valued for crime prevention; being dense and viciously spiny, they are effective barriers to burglars. Thus they are often planted below vulnerable windows, and used as hedges. Many species are resistant to predation
327:
of each thorn-leaf then develops a short shoot with several normal, photosynthetic leaves. These leaves are 1–10 cm (0.39–3.94 in) long, simple, and either entire, or with spiny margins. Only on young seedlings do leaves develop on the long shoots, with the adult foliage style developing
845:) and as a flavouring for poultry. Because of their sour flavour, they are sometimes cooked with sugar before being added to Persian rice. Iranian markets sell dried zereshk. In Russia and Eastern Europe, it is sometimes used in jams as a source of
815:, but with a sharp acid flavour. In Europe for many centuries the berries were used for culinary purposes much as citrus peel is used. Today in Europe they are very infrequently used. The country in which they are used the most is
974:
390:
5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long, ripening red or dark blue, often with a pink or violet waxy surface bloom; in some species, they may be long and narrow, but are spherical in other species.
407:
appear to have simple leaves, but these are in reality compound with a single leaflet; they are termed "unifoliolate"), and many botanists prefer to classify all these plants in the single genus
1034:
610:
Japanese barberry is considered an invasive plant in 32 US states. It is deer-resistant because of its taste and is favoured as a shelter for ticks capable of transmitting lyme disease.
1670:
Mokhber-Dezfuli N, Saeidnia S, Gohari AR, Kurepaz-Mahmoodabadi M. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of berberis species. Pharmacogn Rev. 2014;8(15):8–15. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.125517
289:
regions of the world (apart from
Australia). Species diversity is greatest in South America and Asia; Europe, Africa and North America have native species as well. The best-known
927:
The thorns of the barberry shrub have been used to clean ancient gold coins, as they are soft enough that they will not damage the surface but will remove corrosion and debris.
989:
1129:
1486:
1834:
1057:
299:, which is common in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and central Asia, and has been widely introduced in North America. Many of the species have
1277:
1072:
2255:
904:. A full list of phytochemicals was compiled and published in 2014. The safety of using berberine for any condition is not adequately defined by
447:
1892:
433:
2294:
1048:
1307:
315:
has dimorphic shoots: long shoots which form the structure of the plant, and short shoots only 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long. The
2330:
1717:
2203:
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are popular garden shrubs, grown for such features as ornamental leaves, yellow flowers, or red or blue-black berries. Numerous
1568:
1146:
2473:
2273:
208:
1152:
983:, with three-spined thorn (modified long shoot leaf) with leafy short shoot. Each thorn is 20 mm (0.79 in) long.
1601:
1885:
849:(especially with mixed berries). An extract of barberries is a common flavouring for soft drinks, candies, and sweets.
1773:
1261:
663:
351:, the undersides of the leaves are brilliant white, a feature valued horticulturally. Some horticultural variants of
2415:
2394:
572:, was nearly eradicated for this reason, and is now rarely seen extant, with the most remaining occurrences in the
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1539:
1004:
2242:
956:
2468:
2389:
1842:
645:
2348:
1813:
2448:
2281:
1878:
1337:
Pabón-Mora, Natalia; González, Favio (2012). "Leaf development, metamorphic heteroblasty and heterophylly in
1630:
1206:
1019:
341:, are noted for their attractive pink or red autumn colour. In some evergreen species from China, such as
2107:
2102:
2089:
737:
2185:
2159:
1404:
Marroquín, Jorge S., & Joseph E. Laferrière. 1997. Transfer of specific and infraspecific taxa from
1227:
941:
916:, reducing the intended effect of established therapies. It is particularly unsafe for use in children.
427:
group of shrubs bearing imparipinnate evergreen leaves, which the paper then divides into three genera:
2458:
2343:
1763:
1185:
811:
grows in the wild in much of Europe and West Asia. It produces large crops of edible berries, rich in
378:
of up to 20 on a single flower-head. They are yellow or orange, 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long,
2463:
2420:
2309:
2221:
641:
84:
1090:
1138:
569:
323:, developed into one to three or more spines 3–30 mm (0.12–1.18 in) long. The bud in the
386:
in alternating whorls of three, the sepals usually coloured like the petals. The fruit is a small
2335:
2180:
905:
634:
2154:
2032:
1692:. MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health. 22 February 2024
1514:
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347:
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8:
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333:
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800:
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1944:
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1181:
343:
79:
2195:
2443:
2317:
2115:
2007:
1779:
1769:
1685:
1447:
Yu, Chih-Chieh; Chung, Kuo-Fang (2017). "Why
Mahonia? Molecular recircumscription of
1257:
1142:
913:
885:
859:
715:
701:
593:
534:
337:
295:
188:
1370:
2453:
2407:
1468:
1358:
875:
in
Argentina and Chile. Their edible purple fruit are used for jams and infusions.
830:
584:
393:
Some authors regard the compound-leaved species as belonging to a different genus,
233:
2120:
2094:
2081:
1759:
1251:
890:
834:
399:. There are no consistent differences between the two groups other than the leaf
122:
2286:
930:
The acidic young leaves are sometimes chewed for refreshment by parched hikers.
2381:
1916:
909:
387:
320:
300:
109:
1362:
419:
study retains the two separate genera, by clarifying that unifoliolate-leaved
2437:
2055:
1965:
1903:
1425:
Laferrière, Joseph E. 1997. Transfer of specific and infraspecific taxa from
557:
545:
416:
282:
194:
172:
155:
1500:
2361:
1937:
1247:
894:
685:
180:
145:
1870:
1783:
46:
2229:
2064:
2014:
2000:
1972:
1660:"Barberry" @ Alternative Medicine @ University of Maryland Medical Center
1501:"You're less likely to get a tick bite if you steer clear of these spots"
1487:"Biologists Spot First UK Case Of An Ancient Crop Disease In Six Decades"
518:
503:
286:
20:
1745:
2208:
648: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
597:
in New
Zealand (where it is now banned from sale and propagation), and
1797:
924:
Historically, yellow dye was extracted from the stem, root, and bark.
2234:
2141:
1958:
1930:
966:
901:
872:
812:
681:
529:
472:
424:
400:
275:
271:
63:
2026:
623:
2356:
2049:
1979:
1472:
897:
573:
135:
27:
2146:
1383:
Loconte, H., & J. R. Estes. 1989. Phylogenetic systematics of
1993:
1986:
1951:
1082:
395:
2247:
478:
1256:(Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
846:
375:
2133:
248:
1044:
838:
499:
383:
379:
278:
267:
96:
26:"Barberry" redirects here. For the luxury fashion house, see
998:, flower detail (flowers 7 mm (0.28 in) diameter).
242:
816:
544:(American barberry) serve as alternate host species of the
507:
324:
316:
281:
from 1–5 m (3.3–16.4 ft) tall, found throughout
16:
Genus of flowering plants representing the barberry family
1690:
Natural
Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version
412:
251:
532:, a serious fungal disease of wheat and related grains.
382:
are usually six, rarely three or nine and there are six
19:"Calafate" redirects here. For the Patagonian town, see
1732:
Weiss, Daniel (July–August 2017). "From the
Trenches".
587:
when planted outside of their native ranges, including
303:
on the shoots and all along the margins of the leaves.
1811:
1814:"It's an Adventure in Persian Cuisine at Darya Kabob"
254:
245:
239:
1721:. Vol. I. London: Virtue & Co. p. 97.
236:
1336:
2435:
1414:Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science
736:The following hybrid selections have gained the
556:is prohibited in many areas, and imports to the
1812:Wilkinson, Bobbie; Tom Wilkinson (2004-08-15).
1768:. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 28.
688:have been selected for garden use. Low-growing
1857:Royal New Zealand Institute of horticulture.
1451:s.l., with the description of two new genera,
1066:, upper side of shoot above, lower side below.
912:is high, including untoward interactions with
804:Crispy Brussels sprouts with barberries on top
1886:
1201:
1199:
1049:Birmingham Botanical Gardens (United Kingdom)
824:
486:are cultivated in Iran for culinary purposes
455:); it confirms that a broadly-circumscribed
1900:
1893:
1879:
1196:
62:
45:
1710:
1610:'Corallina Compacta' AGM / RHS Gardening"
664:Learn how and when to remove this message
355:have dark red to violet foliage. Such as
1832:
1795:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1211:in Flora of North America @ efloras.org"
1190:Transactions of the Philological Society
1180:
799:
477:
328:after the young plant is 1–2 years old.
1446:
878:
498:species are used as food plants by the
2436:
1758:
1718:Tomlinson's Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts
1131:English Names for Korean Native Plants
607:in much of the eastern United States.
374:The flowers are produced singly or in
2031:
2030:
1874:
1731:
1673:
1246:
1240:
1081:, flowers and foliage, cultivated in
2395:6cc2e9c9-7c72-4397-8fe8-d3399bcfb928
2310:cac7717f-f041-4f67-8296-1d1e85697275
1548:'Apricot Queen' AGM / RHS Gardening"
893:. The chemical constituents include
646:adding citations to reliable sources
617:
1111:Barberry blossom in Eastern Siberia
825:
13:
560:are forbidden. The North American
552:. For this reason, cultivation of
293:species is the European barberry,
14:
2485:
1866:
1765:Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants
1579:. Apps.rhs.org.uk. Archived from
2349:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328526-2
1833:Arellano, Gustavo (2004-03-18).
1577:'Red Jewel' AGM / RHS Gardening"
1236:Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 330. 1753.
1228:Flora of China Vol. 19 Page 715
1104:
1089:
1071:
1056:
1033:
1018:
1003:
988:
973:
955:
940:
819:, where they are referred to as
795:
696:Species in cultivation include:
622:
331:Many deciduous species, such as
232:
83:
1796:Murrills, Angela (2005-11-24).
1752:
1725:
1704:
1664:
1652:
1623:
1594:
1561:
1532:
1507:
1493:
1479:
1440:
1419:
1398:
633:needs additional citations for
1519:'Georgei' AGM / RHS Gardening"
1377:
1330:
1300:
1270:
1253:New Flora of the British Isles
1221:
1174:
1122:
906:high-quality clinical research
613:
528:species can infect wheat with
306:
1:
1318:. Royal Horticultural Society
1288:. Royal Horticultural Society
1116:
919:
1798:"Best Eating: Check, please"
908:. Its potential for causing
833:. The berries are common in
7:
2474:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1639:Lindl. AGM / RHS Gardening"
871:) are two species found in
738:Royal Horticultural Society
10:
2490:
933:
490:
25:
18:
2039:
1911:
1363:10.1007/s12229-012-9107-2
423:is derived from within a
206:
201:
186:
179:
80:Scientific classification
78:
70:
61:
53:
44:
37:
1139:Korea National Arboretum
548:responsible, the fungus
538:(European barberry) and
1711:Tomlinson, C. (1866). "
506:species, including the
319:on long shoots are non-
1186:"On False Etymologies"
805:
510:barberry carpet moth (
487:
405:Berberis sensu stricto
2469:Plants used in bonsai
1435:Botanicheskii Zhurnal
1141:. 2015. p. 371.
803:
742:Award of Garden Merit
570:Midwest United States
481:
371:'Atropurpurea Nana'.
262:), commonly known as
2449:Berberidaceae genera
1859:Berberis glaucocarpa
1839:Orange County Weekly
1631:"RHS Plant Selector
1602:"RHS Plant Selector
1583:on December 24, 2012
1569:"RHS Plant Selector
1540:"RHS Plant Selector
1515:"RHS Plant Selector
1343:The Botanical Review
1316:'Atropurpurea Nana'"
1168:Korea Forest Service
1064:Berberis verruculosa
1011:Berberis gagnepainii
996:Berberis gagnepainii
981:Berberis gagnepainii
879:Traditional medicine
854:Berberis microphylla
781:'Corallina Compacta'
642:improve this article
583:species have become
516:), and mottled pug (
459:(that is, including
411:. However, a recent
1819:The Washington Post
1489:. 15 February 2018.
1355:2012BotRv..78..463P
1310:Berberis thunbergii
1308:"RHS Plantfinder –
1280:Berberis thunbergii
1278:"RHS Plantfinder –
1182:Wedgwood, Hensleigh
1041:Berberis valdiviana
1026:Berberis thunbergii
883:The dried fruit of
676:Several species of
550:(Puccinia graminis)
541:Berberis canadensis
519:Eupithecia exiguata
513:Pareulype berberata
482:Several species of
334:Berberis thunbergii
72:Berberis thunbergii
57:shoot with flowers
1835:"Naan & Kabob"
1341:(Berberidaceae)".
1209:Berberis fremontii
948:Berberis aggregata
914:prescription drugs
837:in dishes such as
806:
488:
363:'Admiration', and
2459:CYP3A4 inhibitors
2431:
2430:
2318:Open Tree of Life
2033:Taxon identifiers
2024:
2023:
1641:. Apps.rhs.org.uk
1612:. Apps.rhs.org.uk
1550:. Apps.rhs.org.uk
1521:. Apps.rhs.org.uk
1393:Systematic Botany
1148:978-89-97450-98-5
1079:Berberis vulgaris
963:Berberis aristata
886:Berberis vulgaris
809:Berberis vulgaris
791:(golden barberry)
674:
673:
666:
601:and green-leaved
535:Berberis vulgaris
453:Berberis claireae
296:Berberis vulgaris
223:
222:
189:Berberis vulgaris
175:
74:shoot with fruit
55:Berberis darwinii
2481:
2464:Medicinal plants
2424:
2423:
2411:
2410:
2398:
2397:
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2287:NHMSYS0000456429
2277:
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2251:
2250:
2238:
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2225:
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2212:
2211:
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2058:
2028:
2027:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1841:. Archived from
1829:
1827:
1826:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1788:
1787:
1760:Angier, Bradford
1756:
1750:
1749:
1729:
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1722:
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1702:
1701:
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1467:(6): 1371–1392.
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1375:
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1219:
1218:
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1194:
1193:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1151:. Archived from
1136:
1126:
1108:
1097:Berberis prattii
1093:
1075:
1060:
1043:, flowers, from
1037:
1022:
1007:
992:
977:
959:
944:
828:
827:
669:
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2202:
2194:
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2179:
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2158:
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2127:
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1399:
1391:(Magnoliidae).
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1378:
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1331:
1321:
1319:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
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1226:
1222:
1215:www.efloras.org
1205:
1204:
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1127:
1123:
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1094:
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1067:
1061:
1052:
1047:(cultivated at
1038:
1029:
1023:
1014:
1008:
999:
993:
984:
978:
969:
960:
951:
945:
936:
922:
910:adverse effects
891:herbal medicine
881:
863:(both known as
835:Persian cuisine
798:
761:'Apricot Queen'
709:B. dictyophylla
670:
659:
653:
650:
639:
627:
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493:
309:
235:
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82:
31:
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2408:wfo-4000004457
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1997:
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1867:External links
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1809:
1800:. Straight.com
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1503:. 11 May 2018.
1492:
1478:
1473:10.12705/666.6
1439:
1418:
1397:
1376:
1349:(4): 463–489.
1339:Berberis s. l.
1329:
1299:
1269:
1262:
1239:
1229:
1220:
1195:
1173:
1158:on 25 May 2017
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730:B. verruculosa
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672:
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630:
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589:B. glaucocarpa
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348:B. verruculosa
321:photosynthetic
308:
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221:
220:
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1996:
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1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1966:Gymnospermium
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1904:Berberidaceae
1896:
1891:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1845:on 2007-10-10
1844:
1840:
1836:
1831:
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1793:
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1518:
1510:
1502:
1496:
1488:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:Moranothamnus
1454:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:Berberidaceae
1380:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1317:
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1286:'Admiration'"
1285:
1281:
1273:
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1263:9780521707725
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1169:
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900:, especially
899:
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786:
783:
780:
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773:
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766:
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756:
753:
750:
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723:B. thunbergii
720:
718:
717:
713:
711:
710:
706:
704:
703:
699:
698:
697:
694:
691:
687:
683:
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657:
647:
643:
637:
636:
631:This section
629:
625:
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619:
611:
608:
606:
605:
604:B. thunbergii
600:
596:
595:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:B. canadensis
559:
558:United States
555:
551:
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536:
531:
527:
523:
521:
520:
515:
514:
509:
505:
501:
497:
485:
480:
476:
474:
470:
469:Moranothamnus
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:
448:Moranothamnus
444:
440:
436:
435:
430:
426:
422:
421:Berberis s.s.
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
397:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
365:B. thunbergii
362:
358:
357:B. thunbergii
354:
353:B. thunbergii
350:
349:
345:
340:
339:
335:
329:
326:
322:
318:
314:
304:
302:
298:
297:
292:
288:
284:
280:
277:
273:
269:
266:, is a large
265:
259:
229:
228:
219:
218:
216:
212:
205:
200:
196:
191:
190:
185:
182:
178:
174:
169:
168:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:Berberidaceae
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:Tracheophytes
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
86:
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73:
69:
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2040:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1938:Caulophyllum
1936:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1902:
1858:
1847:. Retrieved
1843:the original
1838:
1823:. Retrieved
1817:
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1764:
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1727:
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1694:. Retrieved
1689:
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1636:
1632:
1625:
1614:. Retrieved
1607:
1603:
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1585:. Retrieved
1581:the original
1574:
1570:
1563:
1552:. Retrieved
1545:
1541:
1534:
1523:. Retrieved
1516:
1509:
1495:
1481:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:Alloberberis
1452:
1448:
1442:
1437:82(9):96-99.
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1416:30(1):53-55.
1413:
1409:
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1389:Ranunculales
1388:
1384:
1379:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1314:atropurpurea
1313:
1309:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1284:atropurpurea
1283:
1279:
1272:
1252:
1248:Stace, C. A.
1242:
1233:
1232:xiao bo shu
1223:
1214:
1208:
1189:
1176:
1166:– via
1160:. Retrieved
1153:the original
1130:
1124:
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1078:
1063:
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1010:
995:
980:
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929:
926:
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895:isoquinolone
884:
882:
868:
864:
858:
852:
851:
843:zereshk polo
842:
820:
808:
807:
788:
784:
778:
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764:
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735:
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721:
714:
707:
700:
695:
689:
677:
675:
660:
654:January 2021
651:
640:Please help
635:verification
632:
609:
602:
598:
592:
588:
580:
578:
564:, native to
561:
553:
549:
539:
533:
525:
524:
517:
511:
495:
494:
483:
473:monophyletic
468:
465:Alloberberis
464:
460:
456:
452:
446:
442:
438:
434:Alloberberis
432:
428:
425:paraphyletic
420:
417:phylogenetic
408:
404:
394:
392:
373:
369:atropurpurea
368:
364:
361:atropurpurea
360:
356:
352:
344:B. candidula
342:
332:
330:
312:
310:
294:
290:
263:
226:
225:
224:
214:
210:
207:
187:
181:Type species
166:
165:
146:Ranunculales
129:
116:
103:
71:
54:
38:
32:
2230:iNaturalist
2065:Wikispecies
2015:Vancouveria
2001:Podophyllum
1973:Jeffersonia
1901:Genera of
1740:(4): 9–22.
1734:Archaeology
1686:"Berberine"
1637:stenophylla
1608:stenophylla
1395:14:565-579.
1137:. Pocheon:
965:, from the
889:is used in
860:B. darwinii
789:stenophylla
779:stenophylla
771:'Red Jewel'
716:B. julianae
702:B. darwinii
614:Cultivation
599:B. vulgaris
594:B. darwinii
576:mountains.
554:B. vulgaris
546:rust fungus
504:Lepidoptera
338:B. vulgaris
307:Description
287:subtropical
123:Angiosperms
21:El Calafate
2438:Categories
1945:Diphylleia
1849:2007-05-02
1825:2007-05-02
1804:2007-05-02
1645:2020-04-17
1616:2020-04-17
1587:2013-04-07
1554:2020-04-17
1546:lologensis
1525:2020-04-17
1322:21 January
1292:21 January
1162:26 January
1117:References
920:Other uses
759:lologensis
566:Appalachia
451:(formerly
437:(formerly
311:The genus
1959:Epimedium
1931:Bongardia
1658:See e.g.
967:Himalayas
902:berberine
898:alkaloids
873:Patagonia
813:vitamin C
751:'Georgei'
693:by deer.
682:cultivars
530:stem rust
401:pinnation
283:temperate
276:evergreen
272:deciduous
93:Kingdom:
2444:Berberis
2390:VicFlora
2379:VASCAN:
2362:40026670
2357:Tropicos
2196:berberis
2173:Berberis
2071:Berberis
2050:Wikidata
2041:Berberis
2008:Ranzania
1980:Leontice
1924:Berberis
1762:(1974).
1746:26348971
1713:Berberis
1633:Berberis
1604:Berberis
1571:Berberis
1542:Berberis
1517:Berberis
1449:Berberis
1431:Berberis
1410:Berberis
1371:15401971
1250:(2010).
1234:Berberis
1192:(6): 66.
1184:(1855).
1028:, shrub.
1013:, fruit.
950:, fruit.
865:calafate
690:Berberis
678:Berberis
585:invasive
581:Berberis
574:Virginia
568:and the
526:Berberis
502:of some
496:Berberis
484:Berberis
457:Berberis
443:Horridae
441:section
409:Berberis
313:Berberis
291:Berberis
264:barberry
227:Berberis
211:Berberis
209:List of
202:Species
167:Berberis
152:Family:
136:Eudicots
39:Berberis
28:Burberry
2454:Berries
2372:5871352
2261:1333459
2209:3033893
2056:Q158503
1994:Nandina
1987:Mahonia
1952:Dysosma
1696:31 July
1427:Mahonia
1406:Mahonia
1351:Bibcode
1099:, fruit
1083:Denmark
934:Gallery
831:Persian
821:zereshk
686:hybrids
491:Ecology
461:Mahonia
445:), and
439:Mahonia
429:Mahonia
415:-based
396:Mahonia
376:racemes
217:species
215:Mahonia
162:Genus:
142:Order:
97:Plantae
2421:426090
2369:uBio:
2331:PLANTS
2323:880484
2307:NZOR:
2248:3937-1
2193:FoIO:
2186:103816
2160:103816
2108:121610
2095:114147
2082:188624
2079:APDB:
1917:Achlys
1784:799792
1782:
1772:
1744:
1369:
1260:
1145:
869:michay
847:pectin
500:larvae
467:, and
384:petals
380:sepals
317:leaves
301:spines
279:shrubs
2416:WoRMS
2336:BERBE
2300:22774
2274:18814
2256:IRMNG
2235:58728
2168:FoAO2
2147:1BEBG
2134:61051
1742:JSTOR
1575:media
1461:Taxon
1367:S2CID
1156:(PDF)
1135:(PDF)
1045:Chile
839:pilaf
829:) in
769:media
579:Some
508:moths
471:) is
388:berry
268:genus
130:Clade
117:Clade
104:Clade
2344:POWO
2295:NCBI
2269:ITIS
2243:IPNI
2222:1403
2217:GRIN
2204:GBIF
2142:EPPO
2121:39LV
2103:BOLD
2090:APNI
1780:OCLC
1770:ISBN
1698:2024
1455:and
1387:and
1324:2018
1294:2018
1258:ISBN
1164:2017
1143:ISBN
867:and
857:and
826:زرشک
817:Iran
684:and
591:and
346:and
336:and
325:axil
285:and
274:and
213:and
2403:WFO
2382:893
2282:NBN
2181:FoC
2155:FNA
2129:EoL
2116:CoL
1715:".
1469:doi
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1282:f.
1230:小檗属
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522:).
413:DNA
367:f.
359:f.
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