398:
926:
862:, facial pain and corneal infections. Another complication can occur in case of incomplete or erroneous regeneration of the damaged facial nerve. The nerve can be thought of as a bundle of smaller individual nerve connections that branch out to their proper destinations. During regrowth, nerves are generally able to track the original path to the right destination—but some nerves may sidetrack leading to a condition known as
659:
is caused by Lyme disease should be estimated, based on recent history of outdoor activities in likely tick habitats during warmer months, recent history of rash or symptoms such as headache and fever, and whether the palsy affects both sides of the face (much more common in Lyme than in Bell's palsy). If that likelihood is more than negligible, a serological test for Lyme disease should be performed, and if it exceeds 10%,
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43:
297:(involving only one nerve), people diagnosed with Bell's palsy may have "myriad neurological symptoms", including "facial tingling, moderate or severe headache/neck pain, memory problems, balance problems, ipsilateral limb paresthesias, ipsilateral limb weakness, and a sense of clumsiness" that are "unexplained by facial nerve dysfunction".
842:
Most people with Bell's palsy start to regain normal facial function within three weeks—even those who do not receive treatment. In a 1982 study, when no treatment was available, of 1,011 patients, 85% showed first signs of recovery within three weeks after onset. For the other 15%, recovery occurred
1050:
in which voice actors criticized him over images that seemed to highlight his abnormal facial expressions. The ad was interpreted as an attack on Chrétien's physical appearance and garnered widespread anger among the public, while Chrétien used the ad to make himself more sympathetic to voters. The
846:
After a follow-up of at least one year or until restoration, complete recovery had occurred in more than two-thirds (71%) of all patients. Recovery was judged moderate in 12% and poor in only 4% of patients. Another study found that incomplete palsies disappear entirely, nearly always in the course
658:
that may be accompanied by headaches, body aches, fatigue, or fever. In up to 10–15% of Lyme infections, facial palsy appears several weeks later, and may be the first sign of infection that is noticed as the Lyme rash typically does not itch and is not painful. The likelihood that the facial palsy
630:
Once the facial paralysis sets in, many people may mistake it as a symptom of a stroke; however, there are a few subtle differences. A stroke will usually cause a few additional symptoms, such as numbness or weakness in the arms and legs. And unlike Bell's palsy, a stroke will usually let patients
3150:
Morris, Andrew M.; Deeks, Shelley L.; Hill, Michael D.; Midroni, Gyl; Goldstein, Warren C.; Mazzulli, Tony; Davidson, Ross; Squires, Susan G.; Marrie, Thomas; McGeer, Allison; Low, Donald E. (September–October 2002). "Annualized
Incidence and Spectrum of Illness from an Outbreak Investigation of
285:
Bell's palsy is the most common cause of one-sided facial nerve paralysis (70%). It occurs in 1 to 4 per 10,000 people per year. About 1.5% of people are affected at some point in their lives. It most commonly occurs in people between ages 15 and 60. Males and females are affected equally. It is
215:
on the affected side of the face. In most cases, the weakness is temporary and significantly improves over weeks. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe. They may include muscle twitching, weakness, or total loss of the ability to move one or, in rare cases, both sides of the face. Other symptoms
866:. For instance, regrowth of nerves controlling muscles attached to the eye may sidetrack and also regrow connections reaching the muscles of the mouth. In this way, movement of one also affects the other. For example, when the person closes the eye, the corner of the mouth lifts involuntarily.
718:
improve recovery at 6 months and are thus recommended. Early treatment (within 3 days after the onset) is necessary for benefit with a 14% greater probability of recovery. There is some debate regarding the optimal dosing strategy which is generally physician dependent.
889:
The number of new cases of Bell's palsy ranges from about one to four cases per 10,000 population per year. The rate increases with age. Bell's palsy affects about 40,000 people in the United States every year. It affects approximately 1 person in 65 during a lifetime.
757:
When Bell's palsy affects the blink reflex and stops the eye from closing completely, frequent use of tear-like eye drops or eye ointments is recommended during the day and protecting the eyes with patches or taping them shut is recommended for sleep and rest periods.
702:
Steroids have been shown to be effective at improving recovery in Bell's palsy while antivirals have not. In those who are unable to close their eyes, eye protective measures are required. Management during pregnancy is similar to management in the non-pregnant.
575:
of nerves. This nerve damage mechanism is different from the above-mentioned—that edema, swelling and compression of the nerve in the narrow bone canal is responsible for nerve damage. Demyelination may not even be directly caused by the virus, but by an unknown
592:, meaning it is diagnosed by elimination of other reasonable possibilities. By definition, no specific cause can be determined. There are no routine lab or imaging tests required to make the diagnosis. The degree of nerve damage can be assessed using the
809:
or smile reconstruction is a surgical procedure that may restore the smile for people with facial nerve paralysis. Adverse effects include hearing loss which occurs in 3–15% of people. A Cochrane review (updated in 2021), after reviewing applicable
735:) are ineffective in improving recovery from Bell's palsy beyond steroids alone in mild to moderate disease. Another review found a benefit when combined with corticosteroids but stated the evidence was not very good to support this conclusion.
1023:
on July 12, 1821, describing the role of the facial nerve. He became the first to detail the neuroanatomical basis of facial paralysis. Since then, idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis has been referred to as Bell's palsy, named after him.
563:
type 1 (HSV-1) has been identified in a majority of cases diagnosed as Bell's palsy through endoneurial fluid sampling. Other research, however, identified, out of a total of 176 cases diagnosed as Bell's palsy, HSV-1 in 31 cases (18%) and
408:(represented in the diagram by "θ"). Orange: nerves coming from the left hemisphere of the brain, yellow: nerves coming from the right hemisphere. Note that the forehead muscles receive innervation from both hemispheres (yellow and orange)
243:(the facial nerve). Many believe that this is due to a viral infection that results in swelling. Diagnosis is based on a person's appearance and ruling out other possible causes. Other conditions that can cause facial weakness include
847:
of one month. The patients who regain movement within the first two weeks nearly always remit entirely. When remission does not occur until the third week or later, a significantly greater part of the patients develop
443:. Reactivation of an existing (dormant) viral infection has been suggested as a cause of acute Bell's palsy. As the facial nerve swells and becomes inflamed in reaction to the infection, it causes pressure within the
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About 40,000 people are affected by Bell's Palsy in the United States every year. It can affect anyone of any gender and age, but its incidence seems to be highest in those in the 15- to 45-year-old age group.
552:, etc.). In these conditions, the neurologic findings are rarely restricted to the facial nerve. Babies can be born with facial palsy. In a few cases, bilateral facial palsy has been associated with
282:. Surgery is generally not recommended. Often signs of improvement begin within 14 days, with complete recovery within six months. A few may not recover completely or have a recurrence of symptoms.
599:
One study found that 45% of patients are not referred to a specialist, which suggests that Bell's palsy is considered by physicians to be a straightforward diagnosis that is easy to manage.
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Furuta Y, Ohtani F, Chida E, Mesuda Y, Fukuda S, Inuyama Y (May 2001). "Herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation and antiviral therapy in patients with acute peripheral facial palsy".
2066:
Murakami S, Mizobuchi M, Nakashiro Y, Doi T, Hato N, Yanagihara N (January 1996). "Bell palsy and herpes simplex virus: identification of viral DNA in endoneurial fluid and muscle".
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should be monitored for symptoms of Bell's palsy after several cases were reported among clinical trial participants, though the data were not sufficient to determine a causal link.
520:), blocking the transmission of neural signals or damaging the nerve. Patients with facial palsy for which an underlying cause can be found are not considered to have Bell's palsy
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Bell's palsy is characterized by a one-sided facial droop that comes on within 72 hours. In rare cases (<1%), it can occur on both sides resulting in total facial paralysis.
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Scottish neurophysiologist Sir
Charles Bell was the first author to describe the anatomical basis for facial paralysis, and has since served as the eponym for Bell's palsy.
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of the
Philadelphia 76ers scored 50 points in Game 3 of the 76ers' first round playoff series versus the New York Knicks while suffering from a mild case of Bell's Palsy.
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1002:
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Cantarella, Giovanna; Mazzola, Riccardo F. (2021-07-27). "The
Bicentenary of Bell's Description of the Neuroanatomical Basis of Facial Paralysis: Historical Remarks".
1551:
Baugh RF, Basura GJ, Ishii LE, Schwartz SR, Drumheller CM, Burkholder R, et al. (November 2013). "Clinical practice guideline: Bell's Palsy executive summary".
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remains unknown because the available studies are of low quality (poor primary study design or inadequate reporting practices). There is very tentative evidence for
447:, resulting in the restriction of blood and oxygen to the nerve cells. Other viruses and bacteria that have been linked to the development of Bell's palsy include
667:, and reevaluated upon completion of laboratory tests for Lyme disease. Corticosteroids have been found to harm outcomes for facial palsy caused by Lyme disease.
1138:
2401:"Evidence-based guideline update: steroids and antivirals for Bell palsy: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology"
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1966:
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A range of annual incidence rates have been reported in the literature: 15, 24, and 25–53 (all rates per 100,000 population per year). Bell's palsy is not a
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738:
In severe disease it is also unclear. One 2015 review found no effect regardless of severity. Another review found a small benefit when added to steroids.
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of the face. Facial palsy is typified by inability to move the muscles of facial expression. The paralysis is of the infranuclear/lower motor neuron type.
797:, heat can be applied to the affected side of the face. There is no high quality evidence to support the role of electrical stimulation for Bell's palsy.
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1051:
ad had the adverse effect of increasing Chrétien's lead in the polls and the subsequent backlash clinched the election for the
Liberals, which the party
851:. A third study found a better prognosis for young patients, aged below 10 years old, while the patients over 61 years old presented a worse prognosis.
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2498:
Turgeon RD, Wilby KJ, Ensom MH (June 2015). "Antiviral treatment of Bell's palsy based on baseline severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
1862:
3379:
682:, on the external ear, significant pain in the jaw, ear, face and/or neck and hearing disturbances, but these findings may occasionally be lacking (
2442:"Comparing the Use of High-Dose to Standard-Dose Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Bell's Palsy in Adults-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"
3534:
3245:
van de Graaf RC, Nicolai JP (November 2005). "Bell's palsy before Bell: Cornelis
Stalpart van der Wiel's observation of Bell's palsy in 1683".
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Around 9% of people have some sort of ongoing problems after Bell's palsy, typically the synkinesis already discussed, or spasm, contracture,
1831:
Kasse CA, Ferri RG, Vietler EY, Leonhardt FD, Testa JR, Cruz OL (October 2003). "Clinical data and prognosis in 1521 cases of Bell's palsy".
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220:, and pain around the ear. Typically symptoms come on over 48 hours. Bell's palsy can trigger an increased sensitivity to sound known as
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A person attempting to show his teeth and raise his eyebrows with Bell's palsy on his right side. Note how the forehead is not spared.
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Surgery may be able to improve outcomes in facial nerve palsy that has not recovered. A number of different techniques exist.
474:
2638:
Shafshak TS (March 2006). "The treatment of facial palsy from the point of view of physical and rehabilitation medicine".
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915:
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A meta-analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified the first unequivocal association with Bell's palsy.
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of the facial nerve, a branch of which controls the lacrimal and salivary glands. Gustatorial sweating can also occur.
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Teixeira LJ, Valbuza JS, Prado GF (December 2011). "Physical therapy for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)".
993:
Cornelis
Stalpart van der Wiel (1620–1702) in 1683 gave an account of Bell's palsy and credited the Persian physician
1317:
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417:
232:
126:
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1492:
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17:
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749:. There is still the possibility that they might result in a benefit less than 7% as this has not been ruled out.
694:. The prognosis for Bell's palsy patients is generally much better than for Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2 patients.
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control the upper part of their faces. A person with a stroke will usually have some wrinkling of their forehead.
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or hearing loss during facial movement or crocodile-tear syndrome. This is also called gustatolacrimal reflex or
459:. This new activation could be triggered by trauma, environmental factors, and metabolic or emotional disorders.
3136:
1898:
1338:
Hussain A, Nduka C, Moth P, Malhotra R (May 2017). "Bell's facial nerve palsy in pregnancy: a clinical review".
897:, and there are no established registries for people with this diagnosis, which complicates precise estimation.
3995:
3804:
1035:
947:
68:
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654:. The first sign of about 80% of Lyme infections, typically one or two weeks after a tick bite, is usually an
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Silberstein SD, Silvestrini M (January 2015). "Does migraine produce facial palsy? For whom the Bell tolls".
987:
815:
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of the facial nerve, pressure is produced on the nerve where it exits the skull within its bony canal (the
470:
2983:
Peitersen E, Andersen P (June 1966). "Spontaneous course of 220 peripheral non-traumatic facial palsies".
2353:
Hazin R, Azizzadeh B, Bhatti MT (November 2009). "Medical and surgical management of facial nerve palsy".
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252:
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is common, it accounts for about 25% of cases of facial palsy. In the U.S., Lyme is most common in the
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3519:
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Gupta, Keshav Kumar; Balai, Edward; Tang, Ho Tsun; Ahmed, Abiya Amna; Doshi, Jayesh R. (2023-04-01).
998:
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The condition normally gets better by itself, with most achieving normal or near-normal function.
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Sullivan FM, Swan IR, Donnan PT, Morrison JM, Smith BH, McKinstry B, et al. (October 2007).
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may be of a small additional benefit. The eye should be protected from drying up with the use of
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Gagyor I, Madhok VB, Daly F, Somasundara D, Sullivan M, Gammie F, Sullivan F (November 2015).
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Menchetti, Isabella; McAllister, Kerrie; Walker, David; Donnan, Peter T. (January 26, 2021).
1748:
1493:"Annualized incidence and spectrum of illness from an outbreak investigation of Bell's palsy"
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874:
782:
593:
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Familial inheritance has been found in 4–14% of cases. There may also be an association with
271:
3056:
Ahmed A (May 2005). "When is facial paralysis Bell palsy? Current diagnosis and treatment".
2613:
1690:
2003:
560:
517:
348:(a branch of the facial nerve). Because of this, people with Bell's palsy may present with
1221:
Madhok VB, Gagyor I, Daly F, Somasundara D, Sullivan M, Gammie F, Sullivan F (July 2016).
8:
3781:
3745:
3667:
3425:
1967:"FDA staff recommends watching for Bell's palsy in Moderna and Pfizer vaccine recipients"
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64:
2007:
1639:"Bilateral facial paralysis: case presentation and discussion of differential diagnosis"
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Morris AM, Deeks SL, Hill MD, Midroni G, Goldstein WC, Mazzulli T, et al. (2002).
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990:(865–925) detailed the first known description of peripheral and central facial palsy.
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The cause of Bell's palsy is unknown and it can occur at any age. Risk factors include
75:
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2203:
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2137:
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virus. The major differences in this condition are the presence of small blisters, or
290:(1774–1842), who first described the connection of the facial nerve to the condition.
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1992:"A meta-analysis uncovers the first sequence variant conferring risk of Bell's palsy"
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Yamamoto E, Nishimura H, Hirono Y (1988). "Occurrence of sequelae in Bell's palsy".
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1951:
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Fuller G, Morgan C (December 2016). "Bell's palsy syndrome: mimics and chameleons".
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They are commonly prescribed due to a theoretical link between Bell's palsy and the
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Tiemstra JD, Khatkhate N (October 2007). "Bell's palsy: diagnosis and management".
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2019:
2011:
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1805:"Bell's Palsy Fact Sheet | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"
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Facial paralysis resulting from dysfunction in the cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
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was unable to determine if early surgery is beneficial or harmful. As of 2007 the
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The facial nerve controls a number of functions, such as blinking and closing the
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infection leading to facial paralysis in a Bell's palsy type pattern is known as
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267:
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can be beneficial to some individuals with Bell's palsy as it helps to maintain
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2015:
774:
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294:
212:
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2612:
National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (April 2003).
2322:
1594:
Price T, Fife DG (January 2002). "Bilateral simultaneous facial nerve palsy".
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and results in shedding tears while eating. This is thought to be due to
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Major possible complications of the condition are chronic loss of taste (
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MedlinePlus
Medical Encyclopedia: Facial nerve palsy due to birth trauma
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Atlas of
Surgery of the Facial Nerve: An Otolaryngologist's Perspective
950: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Primary Care ENT, An Issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice
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Facial Nerve Problems and Bell's Palsy Information on MedicineNet.com
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386:
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185:
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60:
1388:"Antiviral treatment for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)"
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be implemented prior to recovery in order to help prevent permanent
397:
2912:
Peitersen E (October 1982). "The natural history of Bell's palsy".
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994:
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329:
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228:
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2728:"Surgical interventions for the early management of Bell's palsy"
1312:(5th ed.). Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer. p. 283.
978:
855:
848:
349:
333:
313:
2535:"Early treatment with prednisolone or acyclovir in Bell's palsy"
1223:"Corticosteroids for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)"
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3383:
2725:
615:
533:
506:
341:
248:
152:
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Chen N, Zhou M, He L, Zhou D, Li N (August 2010). He L (ed.).
2110:"S.C. TV Reporter Loses Her Smile after a Bell's Palsy Attack"
3826:
2065:
859:
525:
337:
217:
85:
42:
3198:"The history of facial palsy and spasm: Hippocrates to Razi"
2934:"Peripheral facial palsy: etiology, diagnosis and treatment"
2323:
Andrew E. Crouch; Marc H. Hohman; Claudio Andaloro (2022).
1385:
1220:
794:
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The cause of Bell's palsy is unknown. Risk factors include
2532:
2228:
1830:
674:
is involvement of the facial nerve in infections with the
3337:
2229:
Wright WF, Riedel DJ, Talwani R, Gilliam BL (June 2012).
781:. It is important that muscle re-education exercises and
602:
Other conditions that can cause similar symptoms include
448:
309:
2831:
1550:
1337:
3017:
2832:
Holland NJ, Bernstein JM, Hamilton JW (February 2012).
2178:"Lyme Disease Data and surveillance (datasurveillance)"
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1139:
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
427:
Some viruses are thought to establish a persistent (or
3872:
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy
3195:
3149:
1911:
1490:
381:, causing normal sounds to be perceived as very loud (
997:(980–1037) for describing this condition before him.
211:
that results in a temporary inability to control the
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2664:
2352:
670:
One disease that may be difficult to exclude in the
3244:
2439:
1636:
497:Bell's palsy is the result of a malfunction of the
2931:
3904:Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
3287:
3196:Sajadi MM, Sajadi MR, Tabatabaie SM (July 2011).
2982:
2698:
2497:
1688:
812:randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials
544:and inflammatory diseases of the cranial nerves (
389:are possible but hardly ever clinically evident.
4036:
571:In addition, HSV-1 infection is associated with
2196:
1721:
340:sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the
2932:Roob G, Fazekas F, Hartung HP (January 1999).
2782:
2398:
2204:"Lyme disease rashes and look-alikes (rashes)"
2080:10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_Part_1-199601010-00005
663:with antibiotics should be initiated, without
524:. Possible causes of facial paralysis include
3535:
2976:
2883:"Bell Palsy: Updated Guideline for Treatment"
2526:
2170:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
1860:
1027:A notable person with Bell's palsy is former
216:include drooping of the eyebrow, a change in
2834:"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for Bell's palsy"
2348:
2346:
2344:
2210:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2184:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1964:
1216:
1214:
1174:
2838:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2789:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2776:
2732:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2667:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2222:
1989:
1856:
1854:
1637:Jain V, Deshmukh A, Gollomp S (July 2006).
1395:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1227:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
270:have been found to improve outcomes, while
3542:
3528:
2694:
2692:
2581:
2231:"Diagnosis and management of Lyme disease"
2120:
1867:European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1461:. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. p. 46.
1333:
1331:
1329:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
818:did not recommend surgical decompression.
41:
3221:
2911:
2857:
2808:
2759:
2575:
2550:
2416:
2341:
2292:
2153:
2023:
1933:
1768:
1766:
1662:
1593:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1430:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 138.
1381:
1379:
1377:
1246:
1211:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
966:Learn how and when to remove this message
625:
365:Although the facial nerve innervates the
3373:) is being considered for deletion. See
3051:
3049:
2637:
2607:
2605:
2257:
1851:
1826:
1824:
1044:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada
977:
431:) infection without symptoms, e.g., the
396:
3101:"[Idiopathic facial paralysis]"
2880:
2689:
2399:Gronseth GS, Paduga R (November 2012).
2263:
2253:from the original on 27 September 2013.
1535:
1423:
1326:
821:
404:: the facial nerve's nuclei are in the
14:
4037:
2893:from the original on February 25, 2013
1763:
1596:The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
1479:
1454:
1374:
1307:
1301:
1157:
1072:
3977:
3825:
3562:
3523:
3055:
3046:
2602:
1990:Skuladottir, Astros Th (2021-02-18).
1821:
1728:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1722:Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AM (2013).
1715:
1684:
1682:
1340:Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
300:
3291:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
3098:
3058:Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
3020:Acta Oto-Laryngologica. Supplementum
2584:"OTC Drops: Telling the Tears Apart"
1643:Journal of General Internal Medicine
1553:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
1274:"Bell's palsy - Symptoms and causes"
1268:
1266:
1038:, Chrétien's first as leader of the
948:adding citations to reliable sources
919:
362:of the tongue on the affected side.
2539:The New England Journal of Medicine
2273:The New England Journal of Medicine
473:recommended that recipients of the
239:. It results from a dysfunction of
24:
3563:
3259:10.1097/01.mao.0000194892.33721.f0
2138:"Managing Peripheral Facial Palsy"
1863:"Familial idiopathic facial palsy"
1679:
512:It is thought that as a result of
492:
25:
4066:
3377:to help reach a consensus. ›
3356:
2620:from the original on 8 April 2011
2266:"Clinical practice. Lyme disease"
2155:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.08.039
2136:Garro A, Nigrovic LE (May 2018).
1965:Higgins-Dunn, Noah (2020-12-15).
1263:
1145:from the original on 8 April 2011
752:
418:upper respiratory tract infection
233:upper respiratory tract infection
127:upper respiratory tract infection
3702:lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
3334:"Jean Chretien: Veteran fighter"
2972:from the original on 2009-07-13.
2590:. Jobson Medical Information LLC
2582:Stephenson M (October 4, 2012).
2500:The American Journal of Medicine
2355:Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
1689:Mumenthaler M, Mattle H (2006).
1655:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00466.x
1531:from the original on 2009-07-13.
1475:from the original on 2016-08-20.
1444:from the original on 2016-08-20.
924:
916:List of people with Bell's palsy
761:
3326:
3281:
3238:
3189:
3143:
3092:
3011:
2914:The American Journal of Otology
2905:
2874:
2825:
2719:
2658:
2631:
2433:
2316:
2102:
2059:
2040:
1983:
1958:
1905:
1797:
1742:
1630:
1587:
1448:
1189:10.1136/practneurol-2016-001383
1015:Scottish neurophysiologist Sir
1012:(1761–1836) also described it.
935:needs additional citations for
884:
3996:Complex regional pain syndrome
3805:Template:Cranial nerve disease
2881:Karnath B (14 February 2013).
2850:10.1002/14651858.CD007288.pub2
2801:10.1002/14651858.CD002914.pub5
2785:"Acupuncture for Bell's palsy"
2744:10.1002/14651858.CD007468.pub4
2675:10.1002/14651858.CD006283.pub3
1417:
1403:10.1002/14651858.CD001869.pub8
1287:
1239:10.1002/14651858.CD001942.pub5
1036:1993 Canadian federal election
69:oral and maxillofacial surgery
13:
1:
3867:Hereditary spastic paraplegia
3362:
1845:10.1016/S0531-5131(03)00757-X
1833:International Congress Series
1783:10.1016/S0385-8146(00)00105-X
1352:10.1080/01443615.2016.1256973
1065:
988:Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
816:American Academy of Neurology
722:
286:named after Scottish surgeon
3214:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182242d23
2512:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.11.033
2458:10.1097/MAO.0000000000003823
2418:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318275978c
2367:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283313cbf
2142:Annals of Emergency Medicine
1926:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001136
1861:Döner F, Kutluhan S (2000).
1777:. 28 Suppl (Suppl): S13–17.
1697:. Germany: Thieme. pp.
900:
837:
697:
686:). Reactivation of existing
583:
7:
3877:Familial amyloid neuropathy
3852:Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
2068:Annals of Internal Medicine
2056:retrieved 10 September 2008
1725:Clinically Oriented Anatomy
706:
692:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
484:
469:In December 2020, the U.S.
253:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
157:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
10:
4071:
4006:Nerve compression syndrome
3099:Wolf SR (September 1998).
2016:10.1038/s41598-021-82736-w
913:
909:
800:
793:facial muscles. To reduce
4045:Ailments of unknown cause
3988:
3984:
3978:
3973:
3949:
3931:Pectoralis minor syndrome
3912:
3885:
3842:
3838:
3821:
3794:
3772:
3754:
3736:
3718:
3700:
3693:
3666:
3638:
3605:
3582:
3575:
3571:
3558:
3552:peripheral nervous system
3550:Diseases relating to the
3462:
3392:
3304:10.1177/01945998211032172
3247:Otology & Neurotology
3032:10.3109/00016488709121848
2997:10.3109/00016486709123595
2701:American Family Physician
2614:"Bell's Palsy Fact Sheet"
2446:Otology & Neurotology
2235:American Family Physician
1693:Fundamentals of Neurology
1135:"Bell's Palsy Fact Sheet"
1003:Nicolaus Anton Friedreich
832:hyperbaric oxygen therapy
505:VII), which controls the
479:Moderna COVID-19 vaccines
194:
184:
166:
142:
132:
116:
108:
100:
92:
74:
54:
49:
40:
35:
3957:Alcoholic polyneuropathy
3936:Thoracic outlet syndrome
3375:templates for discussion
1608:10.1258/0022215021910113
1565:10.1177/0194599813506835
1029:Prime Minister of Canada
392:
3899:Guillain–Barré syndrome
3857:Dejerine–Sottas disease
3658:Cheiralgia paresthetica
2264:Shapiro ED (May 2014).
1040:Liberal Party of Canada
1021:Royal Society of London
350:loss of taste sensation
198:1–4 per 10,000 per year
190:Most recover completely
84:on one side, change in
4050:Facial nerve disorders
4001:Mononeuritis multiplex
3926:Brachial plexus injury
3832:Polyradiculoneuropathy
3756:superior gluteal nerve
3728:Tarsal tunnel syndrome
3710:Meralgia paraesthetica
3615:Ulnar nerve entrapment
3592:Carpal tunnel syndrome
2985:Acta Oto-Laryngologica
2889:. HMP Communications.
2588:Review of Ophtalmology
1019:read his paper to the
986:The Persian physician
983:
783:soft tissue techniques
747:varicella zoster virus
727:One review found that
672:differential diagnosis
626:Differential diagnosis
590:diagnosis of exclusion
559:In some research, the
433:varicella zoster virus
409:
293:Although defined as a
144:Differential diagnosis
80:Inability to move the
4016:Peripheral neuropathy
3891:demyelinating disease
3625:Ulnar tunnel syndrome
3117:10.1007/s001060050314
3070:10.3949/ccjm.72.5.398
2285:10.1056/NEJMcp1314325
1879:10.1007/s004050050205
981:
594:House-Brackmann score
400:
272:antiviral medications
88:, pain around the ear
3764:Trendelenburg's sign
2640:Europa Medicophysica
2552:10.1056/NEJMoa072006
2326:Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
1775:Auris, Nasus, Larynx
944:improve this article
822:Alternative medicine
646:states and parts of
561:herpes simplex virus
518:stylomastoid foramen
346:chorda tympani nerve
4055:Otorhinolaryngology
3782:Piriformis syndrome
3668:long thoracic nerve
3340:. November 28, 2000
3064:(5): 398–401, 405.
2312:on 19 October 2016.
2008:2021NatSR..11.4188S
1752:www.medicinenet.com
1177:Practical Neurology
1058:On April 25, 2024,
879:faulty regeneration
834:in severe disease.
684:zoster sine herpete
568:in 45 cases (26%).
554:acute HIV infection
3597:Ape hand deformity
3463:External resources
2938:European Neurology
2052:2008-10-01 at the
1996:Scientific Reports
1757:2008-04-23 at the
1455:Grewal DS (2014).
1424:Dickson G (2014).
1053:won in a landslide
984:
895:reportable disease
875:Bogorad's syndrome
858:), chronic facial
843:3–6 months later.
777:and stimulate the
588:Bell's palsy is a
437:Epstein–Barr virus
410:
336:. It also carries
301:Signs and symptoms
104:< 6 months
4032:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4023:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3790:
3789:
3689:
3688:
3648:Radial neuropathy
3517:
3516:
3167:10.1159/000065645
3154:Neuroepidemiology
2950:10.1159/000007990
2116:on March 5, 2016.
2074:(1 Pt 1): 27–30.
1809:www.ninds.nih.gov
1509:10.1159/000065645
1497:Neuroepidemiology
1308:Purves D (2012).
1141:. July 25, 2022.
1042:, the opposition
976:
975:
968:
538:diabetes mellitus
379:sound sensitivity
257:myasthenia gravis
241:cranial nerve VII
202:
201:
138:Based on symptoms
134:Diagnostic method
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
4062:
3986:
3985:
3975:
3974:
3862:Refsum's disease
3840:
3839:
3823:
3822:
3746:Morton's neuroma
3698:
3697:
3580:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3560:
3559:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3521:
3520:
3508:Bell's palsy
3390:
3389:
3380:Bell's palsy
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3225:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3135:. Archived from
3096:
3090:
3089:
3053:
3044:
3043:
3015:
3009:
3008:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2929:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2812:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2763:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2669:(12): CD006283.
2662:
2656:
2655:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2554:
2545:(16): 1598–607.
2530:
2524:
2523:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2420:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2350:
2339:
2338:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2305:. Archived from
2296:
2270:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2133:
2118:
2117:
2112:. Archived from
2106:
2100:
2099:
2063:
2057:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2027:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1937:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1897:. Archived from
1858:
1849:
1848:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1770:
1761:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1696:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1666:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1548:
1533:
1532:
1488:
1477:
1476:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1397:(11): CD001869.
1392:
1383:
1372:
1371:
1335:
1324:
1323:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1250:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1172:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1131:
1060:Joel Hans Embiid
1011:
1001:(1675–1742) and
971:
964:
960:
957:
951:
928:
920:
826:The efficacy of
773:of the affected
367:stapedius muscle
361:
360:
356:
352:in the anterior
209:facial paralysis
45:
33:
32:
21:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4020:
3980:
3961:
3945:
3908:
3881:
3834:
3809:
3786:
3768:
3750:
3732:
3714:
3685:
3662:
3634:
3601:
3567:
3554:
3548:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3458:
3457:
3401:
3378:
3359:
3354:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3286:
3282:
3243:
3239:
3194:
3190:
3151:Bell's Palsy".
3148:
3144:
3097:
3093:
3054:
3047:
3016:
3012:
2981:
2977:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2879:
2875:
2844:(2): CD007288.
2830:
2826:
2795:(8): CD002914.
2781:
2777:
2738:(1): CD007468.
2724:
2720:
2707:(7): 997–1002.
2697:
2690:
2663:
2659:
2636:
2632:
2623:
2621:
2610:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2580:
2576:
2531:
2527:
2496:
2489:
2438:
2434:
2411:(22): 2209–13.
2397:
2390:
2351:
2342:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2279:(18): 1724–31.
2268:
2262:
2258:
2241:(11): 1086–93.
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2134:
2121:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2064:
2060:
2054:Wayback Machine
2045:
2041:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1973:
1963:
1959:
1910:
1906:
1859:
1852:
1829:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1771:
1764:
1759:Wayback Machine
1747:
1743:
1736:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1687:
1680:
1635:
1631:
1592:
1588:
1549:
1536:
1489:
1480:
1469:
1453:
1449:
1438:
1422:
1418:
1390:
1384:
1375:
1336:
1327:
1320:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1233:(7): CD001942.
1219:
1212:
1173:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1133:
1132:
1073:
1068:
1005:
972:
961:
955:
952:
941:
929:
918:
912:
903:
887:
840:
824:
803:
764:
755:
725:
712:Corticosteroids
709:
700:
665:corticosteroids
661:empiric therapy
634:In areas where
628:
586:
495:
493:Pathophysiology
487:
445:Fallopian canal
395:
375:tympanic branch
358:
354:
353:
303:
268:Corticosteroids
171:Corticosteroids
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4068:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3922:
3920:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3895:
3893:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3836:
3835:
3828:Polyneuropathy
3819:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3800:
3798:
3796:Cranial nerves
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3681:Backpack palsy
3678:
3676:Winged scapula
3672:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3620:Froment's sign
3617:
3611:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3577:
3569:
3568:
3565:Mononeuropathy
3556:
3555:
3547:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3524:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3499:
3479:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3444:
3433:
3418:
3402:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:Classification
3387:
3386:
3358:
3357:External links
3355:
3352:
3351:
3325:
3298:(5): 907–909.
3280:
3253:(6): 1235–38.
3237:
3188:
3142:
3139:on 2000-06-23.
3091:
3045:
3010:
2975:
2904:
2873:
2824:
2775:
2718:
2688:
2657:
2630:
2601:
2574:
2525:
2487:
2452:(4): 310–316.
2432:
2388:
2340:
2329:. StatPearls.
2315:
2256:
2221:
2195:
2169:
2119:
2101:
2058:
2039:
1982:
1957:
1904:
1901:on 2013-01-06.
1850:
1820:
1796:
1762:
1741:
1735:978-1451119459
1734:
1714:
1708:978-3131364517
1707:
1678:
1629:
1586:
1534:
1478:
1468:978-9350905807
1467:
1447:
1437:978-0323287173
1436:
1416:
1373:
1325:
1318:
1300:
1295:"Bell's Palsy"
1286:
1262:
1210:
1156:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1064:
974:
973:
932:
930:
923:
911:
908:
902:
899:
886:
883:
839:
836:
823:
820:
802:
799:
775:facial muscles
763:
760:
754:
753:Eye protection
751:
743:herpes simplex
724:
721:
708:
705:
699:
696:
656:expanding rash
627:
624:
585:
582:
494:
491:
486:
483:
439:, both of the
394:
391:
344:, through the
302:
299:
213:facial muscles
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
188:
182:
181:
168:
164:
163:
146:
140:
139:
136:
130:
129:
120:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
82:facial muscles
78:
72:
71:
58:
52:
51:
47:
46:
38:
37:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4067:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3972:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3914:Radiculopathy
3911:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3774:sciatic nerve
3771:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3738:plantar nerve
3735:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3241:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3208:(2): 174–78.
3207:
3203:
3199:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3146:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3111:(9): 786–98.
3110:
3107:(in German).
3106:
3102:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3050:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2923:
2920:(2): 107–11.
2919:
2915:
2908:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2693:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2606:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2506:(6): 617–28.
2505:
2501:
2494:
2492:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2393:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2361:(6): 440–50.
2360:
2356:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2319:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2148:(5): 618–24.
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1920:(2): 108–09.
1919:
1915:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1873:(3): 117–19.
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1767:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1685:
1683:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1559:(5): 656–63.
1558:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:(5): 255–61.
1502:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1346:(4): 409–15.
1345:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1321:
1319:9780878936953
1315:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1290:
1276:. Mayo Clinic
1275:
1269:
1267:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1215:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:(6): 439–44.
1182:
1178:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:. During the
1033:
1032:Jean Chrétien
1030:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
999:James Douglas
996:
991:
989:
980:
970:
967:
959:
949:
945:
939:
938:
933:This section
931:
927:
922:
921:
917:
907:
898:
896:
891:
882:
880:
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
844:
835:
833:
829:
819:
817:
813:
808:
807:Smile surgery
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:Physiotherapy
762:Physiotherapy
759:
750:
748:
744:
739:
736:
734:
730:
720:
717:
713:
704:
695:
693:
689:
688:herpes zoster
685:
681:
677:
676:herpes zoster
673:
668:
666:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:herpes zoster
600:
597:
595:
591:
581:
579:
574:
573:demyelination
569:
567:
566:herpes zoster
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
503:cranial nerve
500:
490:
482:
480:
476:
472:
467:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
441:herpes family
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
407:
403:
399:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
373:(through the
372:
368:
363:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
298:
296:
291:
289:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
214:
210:
207:is a type of
206:
197:
193:
189:
187:
183:
180:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
145:
141:
137:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:Over 48 hours
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
59:
57:
53:
48:
44:
39:
34:
19:
3941:Phantom limb
3720:tibial nerve
3640:radial nerve
3584:median nerve
3501:
3481:
3470:
3446:
3435:
3420:
3405:
3368:
3342:. Retrieved
3328:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3158:
3152:
3145:
3137:the original
3108:
3104:
3094:
3061:
3057:
3023:
3019:
3013:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2941:
2937:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2886:
2876:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2704:
2700:
2666:
2660:
2646:(1): 41–47.
2643:
2639:
2633:
2622:. Retrieved
2592:. Retrieved
2587:
2577:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2503:
2499:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2408:
2404:
2358:
2354:
2325:
2318:
2307:the original
2276:
2272:
2259:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2212:. Retrieved
2208:Lyme Disease
2207:
2198:
2186:. Retrieved
2182:Lyme Disease
2181:
2172:
2145:
2141:
2114:the original
2104:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2042:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1974:. Retrieved
1970:
1960:
1935:11566/206361
1917:
1913:
1907:
1899:the original
1870:
1866:
1836:
1832:
1812:. Retrieved
1808:
1799:
1774:
1751:
1744:
1724:
1717:
1692:
1649:(7): C7–10.
1646:
1642:
1632:
1602:(1): 46–48.
1599:
1595:
1589:
1556:
1552:
1500:
1496:
1457:
1450:
1426:
1419:
1394:
1343:
1339:
1310:Neuroscience
1309:
1303:
1289:
1278:. Retrieved
1230:
1226:
1180:
1176:
1147:. Retrieved
1057:
1048:an attack ad
1026:
1017:Charles Bell
1014:
992:
985:
962:
953:
942:Please help
937:verification
934:
904:
892:
888:
885:Epidemiology
868:
853:
845:
841:
825:
804:
787:contractures
779:facial nerve
765:
756:
740:
737:
726:
710:
701:
679:
669:
644:Mid-Atlantic
636:Lyme disease
633:
629:
620:brain tumors
608:Lyme disease
601:
598:
587:
570:
558:
521:
514:inflammation
511:
499:facial nerve
496:
488:
468:
461:
457:Lyme disease
426:
411:
402:Facial nerve
364:
332:and raising
307:
304:
295:mononeuritis
292:
288:Charles Bell
284:
265:
261:Lyme disease
226:
205:Bell's palsy
204:
203:
161:Lyme disease
118:Risk factors
36:Bell's palsy
18:Bell’s palsy
3607:ulnar nerve
3472:MedlinePlus
3363:‹ The
3344:November 7,
2991:: 296–300.
2002:(1): 4188.
1149:October 11,
1006: [
828:acupuncture
771:muscle tone
640:New England
612:sarcoidosis
550:brucellosis
546:sarcoidosis
542:head trauma
453:sarcoidosis
416:, a recent
383:hyperacusis
322:lacrimation
245:brain tumor
231:, a recent
222:hyperacusis
149:Brain tumor
93:Usual onset
4039:Categories
3918:plexopathy
3887:Autoimmune
3653:Wrist drop
3630:Ulnar claw
3503:Patient UK
3448:DiseasesDB
3161:(5): 256.
2944:(1): 3–9.
2930:quoted in
2887:Consultant
2624:2011-05-12
1976:2020-12-15
1839:: 641–47.
1814:2022-03-22
1280:2022-03-22
1066:References
914:See also:
864:synkinesis
729:antivirals
723:Antivirals
716:prednisone
580:response.
530:meningitis
371:middle ear
328:, flaring
326:salivation
4011:Neuralgia
3491:neuro/413
3483:eMedicine
3320:236473244
3202:Neurology
3026:: 93–96.
2752:1469-493X
2594:April 16,
2482:256326046
2466:1537-4505
2405:Neurology
2214:April 18,
2188:April 12,
1914:Neurology
1368:205479752
901:Frequency
838:Prognosis
791:paralyzed
733:aciclovir
731:(such as
698:Treatment
652:Minnesota
648:Wisconsin
584:Diagnosis
464:migraines
422:pregnancy
406:brainstem
387:dysacusis
276:eye drops
237:pregnancy
195:Frequency
186:Prognosis
175:eye drops
167:Treatment
125:, recent
61:Neurology
56:Specialty
3488:emerg/56
3365:template
3312:34314273
3275:12630888
3267:16272948
3232:21747074
3183:22771896
3175:12207155
3086:37815525
3078:15929453
2970:Archived
2966:46877391
2897:April 3,
2891:Archived
2868:22336830
2819:20687071
2770:33496980
2713:17956069
2683:22161401
2652:16565685
2618:Archived
2561:17942873
2520:25554380
2474:36706448
2427:23136264
2383:45094564
2375:19696671
2335:32491341
2303:24785207
2251:Archived
2247:22962880
2164:29110887
2096:22790049
2050:Archived
2034:33602968
1952:35589569
1944:25520314
1895:24403036
1887:10839481
1791:11683332
1755:Archived
1673:16808763
1624:19276545
1616:11860653
1581:25468987
1573:24190889
1529:Archived
1525:22771896
1517:12207155
1473:Archived
1442:Archived
1411:26559436
1360:28141956
1257:27428352
1197:27034243
1143:Archived
995:Ibn Sina
956:May 2022
871:tinnitus
849:sequelae
714:such as
707:Steroids
680:vesicles
485:Genetics
435:and the
414:diabetes
334:eyebrows
330:nostrils
318:frowning
280:eyepatch
229:diabetes
179:eyepatch
123:Diabetes
101:Duration
76:Symptoms
3989:General
3497:oph/508
3494:ent/719
3442:D020330
3367:below (
3223:3140075
3133:6740784
3125:9816532
3040:3166596
3005:6011525
2958:9885321
2926:7148998
2859:8406519
2810:7133542
2761:8094225
2569:3916563
2294:4487875
2088:7503474
2025:7893061
2004:Bibcode
1664:1924702
1248:6457861
1205:4480197
910:History
856:ageusia
801:Surgery
789:of the
507:muscles
385:), and
369:of the
357:⁄
314:smiling
112:Unknown
3477:000773
3384:Curlie
3370:Curlie
3318:
3310:
3273:
3265:
3230:
3220:
3181:
3173:
3131:
3123:
3084:
3076:
3038:
3003:
2964:
2956:
2924:
2866:
2856:
2817:
2807:
2768:
2758:
2750:
2711:
2681:
2650:
2567:
2559:
2518:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2425:
2381:
2373:
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