436:, to mediate the dispute. 3 years later, the Webster Proposals, a draft treaty to resolve the dispute, was publicly published. It did not accomplish its goal. The most controversial section is Article 9 of the draft, which details a shared governmental body, where Guatemala and Belize each put forth 3 ministers, and then a 7th person of "international prominence" is appointed as Chairman by the members. If no Chairman was picked within 45 days, the US government would pick. The US generally supported Guatemala over the UK and its overseas territories, but was also non-committal on the issue. This shared body ruled over Belize's external affairs, internal security, and defence, effectively handing control from the UK to Guatemala, despite becoming "independent" from the UK in the Proposals. It also has no clause revoking Guatemala's claim directly. The United States supported the proposals. In British Honduras, the public were in civil unrest after hearing the proposals, which led the United Kingdom to reject the draft.
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525:, was initialled on 11 March 1981. Although the Heads of Agreement would have given only partial control and access to assets in each other's nations, it collapsed when Guatemala renewed its claims to Belize soil and Belizeans rioted against the British and their own government, claiming the Belizean negotiators were making too many concessions to Guatemala. When far-right political forces in Guatemala labelled the proposals as a sell-out, the Guatemalan government refused to ratify the agreement and withdrew from the negotiations. Meanwhile, the opposition in Belize engaged in violent demonstrations against the Heads of Agreement. The demonstrations resulted in four deaths, many injuries, and damage to the property of the
414:, and for the next 40 years, Guatemala would be ruled by authoritarian military regimes. Guatemala also periodically massed troops on the border of British Honduras in a threatening posture. In 1957, responding to a Guatemalan threat to invade, a company of the Worcestershire Regiment was deployed, staying briefly and carrying out jungle training before leaving. On 21 January 1958, a force of pro-Guatemalan fighters from the Belize Liberation Army, who had likely been aided and encouraged by Guatemala, crossed the border and raised the Guatemalan flag. A British platoon was then deployed and exchanged fire with them, before arresting some 20 fighters.
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near the settlement of Belize", though it makes no mention of who pays, who builds nor where it is actually placed in between Belize City and
Guatemala's capital. This section of the treaty was put in by Wyke, the British negotiator, by himself, surprising the British. Wyke understood the article to mean that half of the burden of building the road was put onto Britain, and the other half onto Guatemala. Aycinena, the Guatemalan negotiator, understood this article meant that the full burden was to be put onto Britain and Britain alone. The next few years were spent negotiating how to implement the road clause.
457:) alongside 8,000 troops to Belize to conduct amphibious exercises. Guatemala responded by deploying its own troops along the border. Talks resumed in 1973, but broke off in 1975 when tensions flared once again. Guatemala again began massing troops on the border, and the United Kingdom responded by deploying troops, along with a battery of 105mm field guns, surface-to-air missiles, six fighter jets, and a frigate. Following this deployment, tensions were defused, largely as a result of many Guatemalan soldiers deserting.
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was due 8 December 2020 and Belize's was due 8 June 2022. As of 24 June 2022, Guatemala had until 8 December 2022 to reply to Belize's brief, and Belize had until 8 June 2023 to submit a
Rejoinder to the court. It is thought that the court will likely rule in Belize's favour, given that the 1859 treaty was ratified by both sides and implemented by Guatemala for 80 years, that Guatemala has never occupied any part of Belize, and that Belize's boundaries have been recognized by virtually all independent states.
94:, neighbours in Central America. During the late 1600s and throughout the 1700s, Britain and Spain signed several treaties regarding territories in the Americas. Both nations agreed that the territory of modern-day Belize was under Spanish sovereignty though British settlers could use the land, in specific areas and for specific purposes. The area was never fully under British or Spanish rule at this time and the British settlers continually expanded far past the boundaries set by the treaties. When the
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were free from the obligations of building the road. Guatemala did not agree, and stated the treaty was one of cession of territory with compensation being the road. Britain could never agree to the
Guatemalan terms since that would break the 1850 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty as it's effectively a land deal. In 1871, Guatemala experienced a Liberal revolution and in 1884, cast doubts on Britain being compliant with the 1859 treaty. Guatemala never officially declared the treaty void at this time, however.
287:. The new nations claimed they had inherited Spain's sovereign rights in the area. Guatemala's claims were one of two. They either claimed all of the Bay of Honduras, like the Spanish did previously, or they shared claims with Mexico, splitting the land into two along the Sibun River, with Mexico getting the northern half. The latter claim was formed in theory in the early 1800s, but there's speculation Mexico never wanted to act on claims to the settlement until the 1840s and 50s during the
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497:, however, was the first Spanish speaking country in the Western Hemisphere that, in December 1975, voted to support Belize on a UN resolution for Belize's independence. In 1975/6, Guatemala made further moves against Belize, but was deterred from invading, especially since British fighter jets had by then been permanently stationed there. In 1976, after the
142:. The referendums passed in both countries by May 2019. As of June 2022, both countries are now settling the dispute at the International Court of Justice, with both countries confirmed to have submitted their initial briefs to the organisation. The court is not expected to rule until 2025 at the earliest.
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The crack in the Latin
American support for Guatemala first appeared ... at the Summit Meeting of the Non- Aligned Countries held in Colombo, Sri Lanka in August 1976. Belize had been invited as a special guest, and was given special status in the Movement. ... Although Panama had
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Belize argued that
Guatemala frustrated the country's legitimate aspirations to independence and that Guatemala was pushing an irrelevant claim and disguising its own colonial ambitions by trying to present the dispute as an effort to recover territory lost to a colonial power. Between 1975 and 1981,
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The United
Kingdom did not agree to any of these proposals, proposing half the original 1859 amount again. Guatemala refused again and then suggested arbitration with the President of the United States as the arbitor. The UK declined and instead suggested that the issue be settled by the Hague Court.
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The treaty also specified that these borders had been established before 1850, satisfying the 1850 treaty by merely declaring accepted boundaries for the territory, not extending
Britain's influence. Article VII of the treaty also talked about a road being built from "Guatemala to the Atlantic Coast,
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Also in the 1820s, the Baymen had expanded as far south as the
Sarstoon River, and much farther west, violating the boundaries of the treaties Britain had agreed to. In 1834, Belizean magistrates defined the boundaries of the settlement as the Hondo on the north, the Sarstoon on the south, and in the
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of 1670, Spain confirmed
England was to hold all territories in the Western Hemisphere that it had already settled. However, the treaty did not specify which areas were considered settled. English settlers were already in the territory when the treaty was signed, but was not exclusively under British
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made statements strongly in support of
Guatemala's longstanding territorial claim to Belize, saying, "Something is happening right now, we are about to lose Belize. We have not lost it yet. We still have the possibility of going to the International Court of Justice where we can fight that territory
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Beginning at the mouth of the River Sarstoon in the Bay of Honduras, and proceeding up the mid-channel thereof to Gracias á Dios Falls; then turning to the right and continuing by a line drawn direct from Gracias á Dios Falls to Garbutt's Falls on the River Belize, and from Garbutt's Falls due north
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as long as no forts were built and no troops were on the island. All of the aforementioned treaties also specified that the territory could be used only for logging and scavenging within the areas outlined, that Spanish sovereignty still existed in the region and that local government was only to be
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As of 7 June 2019, the ICJ was seized of the dispute, having received requests from both countries to resolve the dispute. On 22 April 2020, the ICJ extended the due dates for briefs from both countries about the matter, due to the COVID-19 pandemic's interference in their preparations. Guatemala's
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In each of the annual votes on this issue in the UN, the United States abstained, thereby giving the Guatemalan government some hope that it would retain United States backing. Finally, in November 1980, the UN passed a resolution with the backing of the United States, and 0 No votes, that demanded
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In 1862, the Bay of Honduras officially became a crown colony under the name British Honduras. By 1869, negotiations had stalled about the road. Guatemala and Britain tried to negotiate an Additional Convention, which Guatemala flatly rejected. Britain, using Guatemala's refusal, declared that they
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was signed in 1763, Britain agreed to demolish British forts in the region and gave Spain sovereignty over the soil, while Spain agreed the Baymen could continue logging wood in the territory. From this treaty until 1859, the territory is now formally referred to as the British Settlement of Belize
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in 1859 regarding the disputed area. The treaty stated that Guatemala would recognise British sovereignty over the region and formed the modern-day boundary lines of Belize. The treaty also had an article about building a mutually beneficial road though it was never built. Shortly after this treaty
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Without expressly recognising British sovereignty over the territory, Mexico granted legitimacy to the existence of the British colony in the Yucatán Peninsula. As for territorial limits, both sides took the Rio Hondo as their natural boundary and based the demarcation on the 1859 Anglo-Guatemalan
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Neither Spain nor Guatemala had any evidence of occupying the newly claimed region, despite technically still being under Spanish sovereignty. Britain also refused to acknowledge the Federal Republic of Central America and negotiate with them over the territory. Instead, Britain deferred to Spain,
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leaders and their families. A state of emergency was declared. However, the opposition could offer no real alternatives. With the prospect of independence celebrations in the offing, the opposition's morale fell. Independence came to Belize on 21 September 1981, without reaching an agreement with
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In August 1931, an exchange of notes between the UK and Guatemala reaffirmed the borders from the 1859 treaty. These notes show that Guatemala and the UK wanted to finish the demarcation process of the border in 1929. It is confirmed that both governments' commissioners met and constructed the
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Throughout the 20th century, tensions flared up intermittently between Guatemala and British Honduras. A series of notes in 1931 were exchanged between Guatemala and the UK, confirming concrete markers implementing part of the 1859 border lines, showing that the treaty was being upheld by both
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asking for formal cession of sovereignty. Spain never formally responded to the request, though in 1836, Spain's Foreign Minister indicated Spain would be able to cede the territory to Britain. Guatemala was officially recognized in 1849 by the British government through a commercial treaty.
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Mexico's claim on British Honduras was dropped in a treaty with Britain in 1893 to end the Caste War. The Rio Hondo was picked as the boundary line between British Honduras and Mexico, solidifying the "Mexican frontier" portion of the 1859 border and providing some legitimacy to the colony.
118:. Britain stationed troops in British Honduras to secure the region against Guatemalan invasion and many negotiations attempting to resolve the dispute took place over the following decades. Belize and the British pursued a path to independence, eventually culminating in the
669:(ICJ). A "Special Agreement" on submitting the issue to the ICJ was signed on 8 December 2008. In the Special Agreement, a referendum was to be held on the issue simultaneously in Belize and Guatemala on 6 October 2013, but Guatemala did not go through with the process.
1361:... [The US] was to be polite and friendly but non-committal about the issue of Belize ... When asked for money, materials, or direct aid the US was most likely to reassure Guatemala of their continued support but not take any significant action.
575:, reasserting Guatemala's claim. As a new line of reasoning for their claim (instead of basing it on the 1859 treaty), Guatemala asserted that it had inherited Spain's 1494 and 18th century claims on Belize and was owed more than half of Belize's land mass, from the
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In May 2015, Belize allowed Guatemala to proceed with a referendum asking the ICJ to definitively rule on the dispute although Belize by its own admission is not ready for such a vote. Guatemala was initially expected to hold its referendum on the issue during its
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50,000) in 1859, with interest accruing since. Britain, in August 1936, counter offered with half the original 1859 price but no interest and recognition of the 1859 border, which Guatemala did not accept. A month later, President Ubico suggested 3 new proposals:
138:. Guatemala and Belize both stationed troops at the border, with a one-kilometre "adjacency zone" drawn on either side of the 1859 treaty borders. In 2008, Guatemala and Belize made a pact to have simultaneous referendums for their voters to send the issue to the
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concrete monument markers for the border. One was constructed on Garbutt's Falls, and another was constructed on Gracias á Dios Falls. The Guatemalan Ministry For Foreign Affairs accepted that these markers were built and defined "part of the boundary line".
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began to campaign for Belize's cause. Panama subsequently became the first Central American country to vote for Belize's independence in the UN. From 1977 onward, the border was constantly patrolled and observation posts monitored key points. In 1979, the
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the independence of Belize, with all its territory intact, before the end of the next session of the UN in 1981. The UN called on Britain to continue defending the new nation of Belize. It also called on all member countries to offer their assistance.
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A significant milestone in that dialogue was achieved on September 7, 2005, when the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of both countries met right here in this very house to sign the Agreement on a Framework for Negotiations and Confidence‐Building
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at OAS headquarters in Washington, D.C. Eventually they agreed to establish an "adjacency zone" extending one kilometre (0.62 mi) on either side of the 1859 treaty line, now designated the "adjacency line", and to continue negotiations.
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Guatemala did not believe that the Hague had the ability to settle the dispute. The United Kingdom became fed up and refused to continue negotiations. In 1939, Guatemala's Foreign Ministry published a supplementary section to
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The border dispute has been quieter since Belize's independence. Guatemala eventually recognised the independence of Belize in the early 1990s. In 1999, however, Guatemala shifted its stance back to inheriting claims from the
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to various international forums. The Belize government felt that by gaining international support, it could strengthen its position, weaken Guatemala's claims, and make it harder for Britain to make any concessions.
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in 1944, Guatemala adopted a new constitution. In the constitution, as a temporary resolution, Guatemala declared British Honduras part of Guatemala and the integration of it into Guatemala as a national interest.
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in various Summits, and at meetings of the United Nations (UN). The support of the Nonaligned Movement proved crucial and assured success at the UN. Governments from the Americas initially supported Guatemala.
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been previously committed in a signed declaration of Central American countries to support Guatemala's claim, General Torrijos became convinced of the justice of the Belizean struggle for Independence...
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In September 2005, Belize, Guatemala and the OAS signed the Confidence Building Measures document, committing the parties to avoid conflicts or incidents on the ground conducive to tension between them.
310:. This presented a problem for Britain since the last time the settlement's boundaries were negotiated was in 1786, and the local government had unilaterally declared new expansive boundaries by then.
317:, Guatemala agreed to recognize Britain's sovereignty over the area. The treaty derived its boundary from the Belizean magistrates of 20 years prior, stating the boundary line in Article I as follows:
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However, Spanish attacks continued [after the 1786 Convention of London] until a decisive victory was won by settlers, with British naval support, in the Battle of St. George's Caye in 1798.
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A last attempt was made to reach an agreement with Guatemala prior to the independence of Belize. The Belizean representatives to the talks made no concessions, and a proposal, called the
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In 1994, British Forces Belize was disbanded and most British troops left Belize, but the British maintained a training presence via the British Army Training and Support Unit Belize and
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Two years later, Guatemala inquired the United Kingdom about complying with Article VII. In 1934, the United Kingdom declared their desire to build a road from Belize City to the edge of
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A series of meetings, begun in 1969, ended abruptly in 1972 when the United Kingdom, in response to intelligence suggesting an imminent Guatemalan invasion, announced it was sending the
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passing a resolution to guarantee Belizean independence. In an attempt to settle the dispute before Belize's official independence in 1981, Guatemala, the UK, and Belize negotiated the
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At this point, the Belizean and British governments, frustrated at dealing with the military-dominated regimes in Guatemala, agreed on a new strategy that would take the case for
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said resolving the dispute was his main political goal. He proposed referendums for the citizens of Belize and Guatemala, asking whether they support referring the issue to the
1108:[The Government of Guatemala protests the lack of compliance with that of the Government of Great Britain and declares that it does not affect its legitimate rights]
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fell, Guatemala said that it inherited Spain's sovereign rights over the territory. Since independence Guatemala has claimed, in whole or in part, the territory of Belize.
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to make British Honduras an "associated state" of Guatemala. Price reiterated his goal of leading the colony to independence. In 1963, Guatemala broke off talks and ended
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parties at this point. Less than 10 years later, Guatemala renewed its claims on the area, using the broken promise of the road as justification for the 1859 treaty to be
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This claim amounts to 12,272 km (4,738 sq mi) of territory, or roughly 53% of the country. The claim includes significant portions of the current Belizean
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351:, where Guatemala would continue building the road to its capital. Guatemala did not agree to this compromise. Instead, they asked for half of the expense of the road (
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Significant negotiations between Belize and Guatemala, with the United Kingdom as an observer, resumed in 1988. Guatemala recognised Belize's independence in 1991 and
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On 15 April 2019, during the crisis over the delay of the Belizean referendum, three Guatemalan gunboats prevented the Belizean coast guard from patrolling the
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306:, which stated that neither Britain nor the U.S. could extend their influence by occupation, by exchanging land, colonization, or building fortifications in
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Negotiations between the United Kingdom and Guatemala began again in 1961, but the elected representatives of British Honduras had no voice in these talks.
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In February 1948, Guatemala threatened to invade and forcibly annex the territory, and the British responded by deploying two companies from 2nd Battalion
177:, with Spain claiming the territories to its west. However, England, like many other powers of the late 15th century, did not recognize the treaty. After
1153:...Guatemala sought material compensation and access to the sea which it never received and, consequently, in 1884 it denounced the [1859] Treaty
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On 8 May 2019, the referendum in Belize was finally held, and 55.4% of voters agreed to allow the International Court of Justice to resolve the dispute.
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1106:"el Gobierno de Guatemala protesta por la falta de cumplimiento del de l Gobierno de Gran Bretanya y declara que ella no affecta sus legitimos derechos"
692:. Belize claims it shot in self defence after being fired upon, but the teenager's father and Guatemala claim the Belizean forces were the aggressors.
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to invade, but these fears never materialised. Around this time, Belize claims that they were not bound by the 1859 treaty since they did not sign it.
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and, by succession, to the Republic of Guatemala, specifically the area from the Sibun River to the Sarstoon River, which is an integral part of the
1748:"SPECIAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN BELIZE AND GUATEMALA TO SUBMIT GUATEMALA'S TERRITORIAL, INSULAR AND MARITIME CLAIM TO THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE"
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In 1965, the United Kingdom and Guatemala agreed to have an American lawyer by the name of Bethual M. Webster, appointed by United States President
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Spain had several skirmishes with the Baymen, even after the 1786 convention. Spain's last military attempt to dislodge the settlers was the 1798
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1247:"Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Guatemala Exchange of Notes respecting the Boundary between British Honduras and Guatemala, with Annexes"
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402:. One company deployed to the border and found no signs of any Guatemalan incursion, but the British decided to permanently station a company in
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Without recognition of either the British or Spanish governments, the Baymen in Belize started electing magistrates as early as 1738. When the
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On 13 January 2017, Belizean law changed from requiring any referendums vote to have 60% voter turnout to a simple majority vote.
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with the United Kingdom. In 1964, the United Kingdom granted British Honduras self-government under a new constitution.
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was finally held on 15 April 2018. 95.88% of voters supported sending the claim to the ICJ. Voter turnout was 25%. The
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Guatemala. Belize was admitted into the UN just 4 days later, with Guatemala as the sole vote against the resolution.
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By the 1820s, the Spanish Empire was quickly losing its grip in Central America and New Spain. New Spain (now Mexico)
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On 20 April 2016, tensions rose as Belizean forces fatally shot a 13/14-yr old Guatemalan teenager and resulted in a
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treaty. The treaty was vehemently rejected by the Belizean people, to the point of causing a state of emergency.
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was scheduled for 10 April 2019; however, challenges to the legality of the referendum caused it to be delayed.
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1899:... examine the area where a 13-year-old Guatemalan boy was killed by another Belizean patrol on April 20.
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in 1821. Guatemala, with other Central American states, declared independence without resistance and, after
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Map of the border between British Honduras and Guatemala as delineated in the Wyke–Aycinena Treaty of 1859.
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placed personnel at the edge of the internationally recognised border. Belizean patrols incorporating
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1811:"Guatemala may hold Belize territorial dispute referendum this year: Belize yet to announce a date"
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1193:"The boundaries of power. The geopolitical configuration of Mexico's borders in the 19th century"
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Lauterpacht, Elihu; Stephen Schwebel; Shabtai Rosenne; Francisco Orrego Vicuña (November 2001).
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On 18 October 1999, Guatemala's Foreign Minister sent a letter to the Prime Minister of Belize,
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400,000 to Guatemala and Britain should cede the southern half of British Honduras to Guatemala
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west, a line from Garbutt's Falls to the Hondo in the north and to the Sarstoon in the south.
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in Belize. On 24 February 2000, personnel from the two nations encountered each other in
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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until 2011, when the last British forces, except for seconded advisers, left Belize.
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of Harrier fighter jets. The British also trained and strengthened the newly formed
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Belize/Guatemala ICJ Compromis Signed at OAS in Washington, D.C. on 8 December 2008
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In February 2000, a Belizean patrol shot and killed a Guatemalan in the area of
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government in Nicaragua declared unequivocal support for an independent Belize.
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control either, which gave room for Spain to claim sovereignty over the region.
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Districts, well to the north of the internationally accepted border along the
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The Government of Guatemala contends that the territory which belonged to the
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Britain should cede the same section of land in the previous proposal and pay
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and surrounding areas, shipwrecked English seamen, then English and Scottish
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2143:"Why Belize Is Likely to Prevail in Its Territorial Dispute With Guatemala"
1434: pages 17-18. 8 December 1975. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
791:"This Centuries-Old Border Dispute Pits an Army Against Unarmed Volunteers"
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to protect the country from Guatemala, consisting of an army battalion and
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1840:"Presidential Candidate for Guatemala Says Belize Can Still Be Fought For"
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in the Bay of Honduras, sometimes shortened to "the Bay of Honduras". The
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members and police forces took up positions on their side of the border.
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established for maintaining peace, not for civil nor military purposes.
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198:
115:
2188:
Guatemala's Territorial, Insular and Maritime Claim (Guatemala/Belize)
2187:
2085:"Extension of the time-limits for the filing of the initial pleadings"
1561: page 5. 25 September 1981. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
360:
Britain should "return" British Honduras to Guatemala in exchange for
3444:
3000:
2671:
2193:
1534: page 7. 11 November 1980. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
1279:. New Orleans, Middle American Research Institute, Tulane University.
763:
572:
91:
1798:
But Guatemala in 2013 froze the required referendum process ...
1009:
2455:
1883:"Guatemala/Belize conflict erupts following another border killing"
1868:
1785:
1169:
170:
2264:
1480: page 8. 1 December 1976. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
759:
485:
1166:"The Mariscal-Spencer Treaty between Mexico and England in 1893"
637:. The two countries held further talks on 14 March 2000, at the
3274:
2295:
506:
378:
50,000 at a 4% interest rate, with interest accruing from 1859
186:
181:
tribes had massacred Spanish conquistadors and missionaries in
87:
2799:
1968:"Court of Appeal declines intervention in ICJ referendum case"
884:"British Honduras—Development of Its International Boundaries"
193:, with a short military alliance with native residents of the
2171:
1733:"Belize & Guatemala Sign Special Agreement in Washington"
1675:"Office of the OAS General Secretariat in the Adjacency Zone"
1672:
923:"Brief History of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize"
1700:"Signing of Special Agreement between Belize and Guatemala"
766:), a Mexican state that was claimed by Guatemala until 1895
494:
1585:"Legal Opinion on Guatemala's Territorial Claim to Belize"
1348:
THE COLD WAR AND US-GUATEMALAN RELATIONS DURING THE 1960'S
1616:
Contreras, Geovanni; Manuel Hernández (23 January 2013).
1615:
2231:
Legal Opinion on Guatemala's Territorial Claim to Belize
1778:"Guatemala sets stage for referendum over Belize border"
677:
in October 2015, but such a vote was not on the ballot.
1677:. OAS Office in the Adjacency Zone. Washington, D.C.:
948:"A Historical Recollection-Belize Population Censuses"
1090:
Hertslet's commercial treaties: A complete collection
1044:
Hertslet's commercial treaties: A complete collection
860:
Hertslet's commercial treaties: A complete collection
233:
was signed to extend the logging border down to the
197:
south of Belize, and often welcoming former British
1618:"Preocupa a Guatemala traba a referendo con Belice"
2247:Submission of Belize/Guatemala Case to ICJ in 2009
150:
1137:"OAS Mediates in Belize-Guatemala Border Dispute"
719:
252:
3555:
1537:
1268:
421:refused an invitation from Guatemalan President
387:, which argued that the 1859 treaty had lapsed.
1987:"ICJ Referendum postponed until further notice"
1853:, 9 September 2015 (accessed 28 September 2015)
1650:. University of the West Indies. Archived from
1576:
1082:
1080:
950:. Statistical Institute of Belize. 4 March 2019
460:
74:Disputed territory between Belize and Guatemala
1735:. Naturalight Productions Ltd. 8 December 2008
1351:(M.A.). Texas A&M University. p. 41.
1275:Silvert, K.H. (1954). Wauchope, Robert (ed.).
221:marked where the Baymen could log between the
2815:
2280:
1864:"Belize and Guatemala to amend ICJ compromis"
1366:
1135:Gorina-Ysern, Montserrat (19 December 2000).
1036:
1034:
852:
850:
848:
2251:Summary of Legal Opinion of 25 November 2008
1375:"This day in History: The Webster Proposals"
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1241:
1239:
1134:
1077:
985:
2065:. United Nations. 1 August 2019. p. 55
1641:
1639:
1443:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
2822:
2808:
2287:
2273:
2226:Belize Leading Counsel of 19 December 2008
2222:Compromis for Christmas of 8 December 2008
1031:
845:
652:
1372:
1283:
1236:
1207:
989:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
713:on the border between the two countries.
90:(formerly known as British Honduras) and
1856:
1834:
1832:
1645:
1636:
1571:Dion E. Phillips: The Military of Belize
1086:
1040:
962:
856:
262:
237:and the ability to settle in the nearby
110:under British rule as British Honduras.
69:
2348:Belizean–Guatemalan territorial dispute
1344:
1274:
1143:. American Society of International Law
1057:
1004:(3). Oxford University Press: 387–404.
80:Belizean–Guatemalan territorial dispute
14:
3556:
1446:"Belize The Struggle For Independence"
1345:Tomlins, David Brennan (August 2011).
1190:
1103:
881:
813:
788:
675:second round of presidential elections
661:In June 2008, Belizean Prime Minister
499:5th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement
322:until it strikes the Mexican frontier.
2803:
2268:
1984:
1872:, 12 May 2015. (accessed 14 May 2015)
1829:
1666:
1391:
875:
488:, the conference of ministers of the
101:Guatemala and Britain negotiated the
3604:International Court of Justice cases
533:
26:
2294:
1673:Secretariat for Political Affairs.
1191:Zepeda, Beatriz (21 October 2021).
585:Federal Republic of Central America
285:Federal Republic of Central America
136:Federal Republic of Central America
24:
2343:British Honduras (1862–1981)
2174:from websites or documents of the
1937:"Guatemalans say "Yes" to the ICJ"
789:Romero, Simon (15 February 2024).
631:Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Reserve
25:
3615:
3594:Territorial disputes of Guatemala
2181:
1965:
1104:Medina, Crisanto (5 April 1884).
896:(2). Sage Publications: 111–114.
603:Districts, as well as all of the
63:Border dispute in Central America
2190:, International Court of Justice
2170: This article incorporates
2165:
1277:"Study in Government: Guatemala"
591:, must be returned to Guatemala.
412:overthrew Guatemala's government
169:, dividing the newly discovered
31:
2829:
2135:
2106:
2077:
2048:
2026:
2004:
1959:
1943:. 20 April 2018. Archived from
1929:
1904:
1875:
1803:
1769:
1725:
1692:
1679:Organization of American States
1609:
1564:
1544:United Nations General Assembly
1517:United Nations General Assembly
1510:
1490:United Nations General Assembly
1483:
1463:United Nations General Assembly
1456:
1437:
1417:United Nations General Assembly
1410:
1392:White, Rowland (1 April 2010).
1385:
1338:
1309:
1184:
1158:
1128:
1097:
639:Organization of American States
151:Early colonial era (1600s–1821)
18:Belize-Guatemala border dispute
3589:Territorial disputes of Belize
3584:Political history of Guatemala
2592:Environmental issues in Belize
2121:International Court of Justice
2092:International Court of Justice
2063:International Court of Justice
1060:"Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850)"
1051:
992:"The Anglo-Guatemalan Dispute"
940:
915:
782:
745:Foreign relations of Guatemala
720:International Court of Justice
667:International Court of Justice
538:Britain continued to maintain
253:Late colonial era (1821–1930s)
140:International Court of Justice
13:
1:
3088:Eastern and Southeastern Asia
2260:Tropical Conservation Science
1357:1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-10026
1326:. 29 April 1968. pp. 8–9
1093:. Vol. 11. Butterworths.
990:Humphreys, R.A. (July 1948).
863:. Vol. 2. Butterworths.
775:
338:
1047:. Vol. 8. Butterworths.
925:. Government of Belize. 2019
685:or part of that territory."
680:Former Guatemalan president
461:1975 to independence in 1981
315:Wyke–Aycinena Treaty of 1859
302:In 1850, Britain signed the
283:, the new states formed the
7:
3579:Political history of Belize
2338:Battle of St. George's Caye
1590:. p. 7. Archived from
1373:BBN Staff (29 April 2018).
882:Reyner, Anthony S. (1963).
740:Foreign relations of Belize
728:
247:Battle of St. George's Caye
10:
3620:
3569:Belize–Guatemala relations
3161:Central and Eastern Europe
2617:Water resources management
1646:Phillips, Dion E. (2002).
464:
392:overthrow of General Ubico
256:
154:
145:
3523:Border changes since 1914
3515:
3489:
3405:
3382:
3319:
3235:
3160:
3087:
3051:
2959:
2933:
2868:
2837:
2761:
2690:
2642:
2638:
2629:
2564:
2555:
2446:
2437:
2375:
2366:
2306:
1845:28 September 2015 at the
1306:. Britains-smallwars.com.
641:(OAS) in the presence of
467:Heads of Agreement Crisis
219:1783 Treaty of Versailles
40:This article needs to be
3198:unification with Moldova
2881:Turks and Caicos Islands
1648:"The Military of Belize"
1087:Hertslet, Lewis (1864).
1041:Hertslet, Lewis (1851).
857:Hertslet, Lewis (1840).
400:Gloucestershire Regiment
231:Anglo-Spanish Convention
3564:Belize–Guatemala border
3248:unification with Kosovo
2114:"Order of 24 June 2022"
1989:. San Ignacio, Belize:
1985:Staff (10 April 2019).
1507: 11 November 1980.
839:A Country Study: Belize
735:Belize–Guatemala border
653:Developments since 2005
482:Commonwealth of Nations
406:. In 1954, a US-backed
106:the territory became a
3599:International disputes
3457:Greater Germanic Reich
3255:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2172:public domain material
2036:. CBC News. 9 May 2019
1972:breakingbelizenews.com
1912:"Belize and Guatemala"
1379:breakingbelizenews.com
1317:"The Webster Proposal"
593:
324:
277:a brief two-year stint
268:
86:between the states of
75:
3445:Annexation of Austria
2147:World Politics Review
1302:15 April 2014 at the
997:International Affairs
770:British Forces Belize
700:Guatemalan referendum
581:
540:British Forces Belize
527:People's United Party
319:
304:Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
273:declared independence
266:
167:Treaty of Tordesillas
73:
3105:annexation of Taiwan
2214:U.K. Congratulations
2210:U.S. Congratulations
1991:Breaking Belize News
1444:M.A. Romero (2011).
624:Belize Defence Force
559:diplomatic relations
548:Belize Defence Force
455:Blackburn Buccaneers
427:diplomatic relations
281:First Mexican Empire
103:Wyke-Aycinena Treaty
2176:Library of Congress
1597:on 12 November 2012
1573:. Cavehill.uwi.edu.
1209:10.4000/ideas.11909
620:Guatemalan military
589:Province of Verapaz
544:No. 1417 Flight RAF
490:Nonaligned Movement
367:Britain should pay
161:In 1494, Spain and
84:territorial dispute
2989:Western Azerbaijan
2923:Dominican Republic
2602:Telecommunications
1503:Question of Belize
869:2027/uc1.$ b588006
561:were established.
523:Heads of Agreement
473:self-determination
449:and her air wing (
269:
124:Heads of Agreement
76:
3551:
3550:
3518:Related concepts:
2797:
2796:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2625:
2624:
2551:
2550:
2533:Political parties
2528:National Assembly
2486:Foreign relations
2433:
2432:
2358:Belize since 1981
1887:en.mercopress.com
1838:Trujillo, Renee.
1815:The San Pedro Sun
1788:. 17 January 2018
1782:sg.news.yahoo.com
1757:. 8 December 2008
1720:Measures ...
1709:. 8 December 2008
704:Belize referendum
643:Secretary General
534:Post-independence
239:St. George's Caye
229:rivers. The 1786
157:History of Belize
82:is an unresolved
61:
60:
16:(Redirected from
3611:
3502:Papua New Guinea
2824:
2817:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2777:
2770:
2682:Social structure
2640:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2582:
2562:
2561:
2513:Local government
2491:Governor-General
2451:Attorney General
2444:
2443:
2373:
2372:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2169:
2168:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
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2089:
2081:
2075:
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2072:
2070:
2060:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1947:on 20 April 2018
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1908:
1902:
1901:
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1604:
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1596:
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1574:
1568:
1562:
1541:
1535:
1514:
1508:
1505: A/RES/35/20
1487:
1481:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1441:
1435:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1396:. Bantam Press.
1394:Phoenix squadron
1389:
1383:
1382:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1321:
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1297:British Honduras
1294:
1281:
1280:
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1263:
1261:
1256:. 26 August 1931
1251:
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1234:
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1172:. 21 August 2008
1162:
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1072:
1070:
1064:encyclopedia.com
1058:Cengage (2019).
1055:
1049:
1048:
1038:
1029:
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1024:
987:
960:
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913:
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910:
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879:
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872:
854:
843:
836:Bolland, Nigel.
834:
811:
810:
805:
803:
786:
441:aircraft carrier
423:Ydígoras Fuentes
259:British Honduras
206:Godolphin Treaty
56:
53:
47:
35:
34:
27:
21:
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3609:
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3554:
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3552:
3547:
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3485:
3401:
3383:Northern Europe
3378:
3352:Italian Grisons
3315:
3282:North Macedonia
3236:Southern Europe
3231:
3156:
3083:
3047:
2955:
2929:
2864:
2833:
2828:
2798:
2793:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2749:
2730:Public holidays
2686:
2621:
2580:
2547:
2508:Law enforcement
2429:
2420:Protected areas
2362:
2353:Belize Act 1981
2333:1506–1862
2302:
2293:
2243:Other Documents
2184:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2094:. 24 April 2020
2087:
2083:
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2078:
2068:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2014:. 15 April 2019
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1976:
1974:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1892:
1890:
1881:
1880:
1876:
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1857:
1847:Wayback Machine
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1654:on 10 June 2016
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1478: A/31/PV.85
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755:Sapodilla Cayes
750:Sarstoon Island
731:
722:
690:border standoff
655:
635:Toledo District
536:
484:governments in
469:
463:
341:
308:Central America
261:
255:
214:Treaty of Paris
191:settled by 1638
159:
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3173:Czechoslovakia
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3074:Pashtunistan
2960:Western Asia
2893:Saint Martin
2860:South Africa
2705:Coat of arms
2662:Prostitution
2647:Demographics
2574:Central bank
2496:Human rights
2471:Constitution
2390:Conservation
2347:
2259:
2164:
2151:. Retrieved
2146:
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2125:. Retrieved
2120:
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2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1975:. Retrieved
1971:
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1945:the original
1941:The Reporter
1940:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1915:
1906:
1898:
1893:22 September
1891:. Retrieved
1886:
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1727:
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1711:. Retrieved
1706:
1694:
1682:. Retrieved
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1652:the original
1626:. Retrieved
1624:(in Spanish)
1622:Prensa Libre
1621:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1592:the original
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1328:. Retrieved
1323:
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1174:. Retrieved
1160:
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1118:. Retrieved
1116:(in Spanish)
1113:
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1067:. Retrieved
1063:
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1021:. Retrieved
1001:
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952:. Retrieved
942:
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800:. Retrieved
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108:crown colony
100:
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67:
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49:
41:
3574:Irredentism
3539:Revisionism
3481:Switzerland
3476:Netherlands
3137:Philippines
3036:Pan-Turkism
2831:Irredentism
2235:MFA Library
2218:Photographs
1684:28 December
1601:10 November
954:1 September
929:4 September
663:Dean Barrow
605:Stann Creek
577:Sibun River
404:Belize City
235:Sibun river
3558:Categories
3543:Rump state
3535:Revanchism
3462:Lebensraum
3311:Yugoslavia
3079:Tamil Nadu
3059:Bangladesh
2984:Azerbaijan
2845:Mauritania
2745:Television
2725:Newspapers
2581:(currency)
2321:Preclassic
2098:10 October
2069:10 October
1628:25 January
1494:Resolution
1202:(18): 16.
776:References
512:Sandinista
465:See also:
390:After the
339:1930s–1975
199:privateers
155:See also:
3497:Australia
3112:Indonesia
3001:Kurdistan
2941:Argentina
2908:Greenland
2667:Languages
2652:Education
2612:Transport
2481:Elections
2476:Districts
2415:Mountains
2368:Geography
2202:Compromis
2194:Compromis
1226:244613015
1218:1950-5701
764:Soconusco
573:Said Musa
446:Ark Royal
289:Caste War
92:Guatemala
3428:Wallonia
3342:Dalmatia
3260:Bulgaria
3222:Slovenia
3142:Thailand
3132:Mongolia
3127:Malaysia
3095:Cambodia
2951:Colombia
2784:Category
2677:Religion
2523:Monarchy
2518:Military
2456:Belmopan
2439:Politics
2300:articles
2018:16 April
1996:10 April
1951:21 April
1869:Amandala
1843:Archived
1786:AFP News
1300:Archived
1170:Amandala
1141:asil.org
902:20670311
802:29 March
729:See also
175:meridian
171:American
163:Portugal
134:and the
3490:Oceania
3471:Ireland
3440:Austria
3435:Germany
3418:Celtics
3413:Belgium
3395:Karelia
3390:Finland
3337:Corsica
3304:Galicia
3265:Croatia
3243:Albania
3227:Ukraine
3215:Ukraine
3193:Romania
3183:Moldova
3178:Hungary
3168:Belarus
3152:Vietnam
2979:Assyria
2972:Artsakh
2967:Armenia
2855:Somalia
2850:Morocco
2768:Outline
2740:Symbols
2710:Cuisine
2692:Culture
2631:Society
2607:Tourism
2579:Dollar
2569:Bananas
2557:Economy
2410:Islands
2405:Geology
2385:Climate
2326:Classic
2308:History
2153:12 June
2127:13 July
1977:9 April
1921:10 June
1851:LOVE FM
1821:10 June
1792:10 June
1761:10 June
1755:oas.org
1739:28 June
1713:10 June
1707:oas.org
1658:10 June
1554:.
1548:Meeting
1527:.
1521:Meeting
1500:.
1473:.
1467:Meeting
1427:.
1421:Meeting
1330:18 July
1260:22 June
1231:treaty.
1176:19 June
1147:12 July
1120:18 July
1069:10 July
1018:3018655
907:18 June
762:(incl.
760:Chiapas
579:south:
486:Jamaica
364:400,000
313:In the
279:in the
204:In the
146:History
42:updated
3423:France
3372:Ticino
3347:Istria
3292:Kosovo
3287:Serbia
3275:Enosis
3270:Greece
3210:Crimea
3205:Russia
3188:Poland
3031:Cyprus
3026:Turkey
3016:Israel
2996:Cyprus
2913:Mexico
2903:Canada
2888:Mexico
2876:Canada
2838:Africa
2789:Portal
2700:Anthem
2672:People
2657:Health
2587:Energy
2543:Senate
2425:Rivers
2380:Cities
2298:
2296:Belize
2206:Videos
1550:
1523:
1496:
1469:
1423:
1400:
1224:
1216:
1023:9 July
1016:
900:
609:Toledo
601:Belize
507:Panama
227:Belize
187:Baymen
88:Belize
3507:Samoa
3367:Savoy
3357:Malta
3332:Corfu
3327:Italy
3320:Italy
3299:Spain
3147:Timor
3122:Korea
3117:Japan
3100:China
3069:Nepal
3064:India
3043:Yemen
3021:Syria
2946:Chile
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