Hebron - Knowledge

10116:, p. 5: "This narrowed or fundamentalist focus involves three further changes that are also useful for framing this study: the first is that religiously inscribed space, particularly the remaking of many Palestinian areas into a geography of biblical sites and origins, has been given a new significance in the construction of a distinct Jewish (settler) identity. Spatial reorganization has also resulted in a range of incremental practices included under the rubric of religion that link up with this process of inscription— including renaming, reenvisioning, and rebuilding. These practices in turn support and magnify resolute place-based attachments. The second shift is that these remade biblical sites, specifically in Hebron and within the Tomb of the Patriarchs itself, are being given a new centrality in Jewish observance, one that largely cancels out the exilic orientation of Jewish tradition. They give rise to a form of Jewish observance focusing on exact origins and specific graves to the exclusion of a more characteristic yearning for the messianic future. Third, the final change entails writing out the many historical convergences between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam reflected in the traditions themselves so as to eliminate possibilities for accommodating difference, while using Jewish observance and forms of direct violence in order to erase the presence of an existing Palestinian population." 1948: 204: 155: 4378: 4390: 8166:"Those who still live on Shuhada Street can't enter their own homes from the street. Some use the rooftops to go in and out, climbing from one roof to another before issuing into adjacent homes or alleys. Some have cut gaping holes in the walls connecting their homes to other (often deserted) houses and thus pass through these buildings until they can exit into a lane outside or up a flight of stairs to a passageway on top of the old casba market. According to a survey conducted by the human-rights organization B'Tselem in 2007, 42 per cent of the Palestinian population in the city center of Hebron (area H2)—some 1,014 families—have abandoned their homes and moved out, most of them to area H1, now under Palestinian control." 4437: 3734: 3539: 5543:, pp. 56–57 cites the late testimony of two monks, Eudes and Arnoul CE 1119–1120:'When they (the Muslims) came to Hebron they were amazed to see the strong and handsome structures of the walls and they could not find an opening through which to enter, then the Jews happened to come, who lived in the area under the former rule of the Greeks (that is the Byzantines), and they said to the Muslims: give us (a letter of security) that we may continue to live (in our places) under your rule (literally-amongst you) and permit us to build a synagogue in front of the entrance (to the city). If you will do this, we shall show you where you can break in. And it was so'. 224: 2354:

Israel. He was ousted by Fahad Qawasimi in the 1976 mayoral election, which marked a shift in support towards pro-PLO nationalist leaders. Supporters of Jewish settlement within Hebron see their program as the reclamation of an important heritage dating back to Biblical times, which was dispersed or, it is argued, stolen by Arabs after the massacre of 1929. The purpose of settlement is to return to the 'land of our forefathers', and the Hebron model of reclaiming sacred sites in Palestinian territories has pioneered a pattern for settlers in Bethlehem and Nablus. Many reports, foreign and Israeli, are sharply critical of the behaviour of Hebronite settlers.

2135: 2009: 2230:, Egypt took control of Hebron. Between May and October, Egypt and Jordan tussled for dominance in Hebron and its environs. Both countries appointed military governors in the town, hoping to gain recognition from Hebron officials. The Egyptians managed to persuade the pro-Jordanian mayor to support their rule, at least superficially, but local opinion turned against them when they imposed taxes. Villagers surrounding Hebron resisted and skirmishes broke out in which some were killed. By late 1948, part of the Egyptian forces from Bethlehem to Hebron had been cut off from their lines of supply and 683: 645: 213: 4233: 1644:. He mentioned the great church called St. Abram, which was once a Jewish place of worship during the time of Muslim rule. The Gentiles had erected six tombs there, claimed to be those of Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Rebekah, Jacob, and Leah. The custodians collected money from pilgrims by presenting these tombs as the tombs of the Patriarchs. However, if a Jew offered a special reward, they would open an iron gate leading to a series of empty caves, until reaching the third cave where the actual sepulchers of the Patriarchs and Matriarchs were said to be located. 2346: 296: 2160:, supported the Muslim National Associations and had good contacts with the Zionists. Later, al-Khaṭīb became one of the few loyal followers of Haj Amin in Hebron. During the late Ottoman period, a new ruling elite had emerged in Palestine. They later formed the core of the growing Arab nationalist movement in the early 20th century. During the Mandate period, delegates from Hebron constituted only 1 per cent of the political leadership. The Palestinian Arab decision to boycott the 1923 elections for a Legislative Council was made at the 175: 3948: 6512:. American Jewish Archives. 1970. p. 754: "Between 1869 and 1871 Hebron was plagued with a severe drought. Food was so scarce that the little available sold for ten times the normal value. Although the rains came in 1871, there was no easing of the famine, for the farmers had no seed to sow. The community was obliged to borrow money from non-Jews at exorbitant interest rates in order to buy wheat for their fold. Their leaders finally decided to send their eminent Chief Rabbi Eliau Mani to Egypt to obtain relief." 3585:. The main municipal and governmental buildings are located in the centre of the city. This area includes high-rise concrete and glass developments and also some distinct Ottoman era one-storey family houses, adorned with arched entrances, decorative motifs and ironwork. Hebron's domestic appliance and textile markets are located here along two parallel roads that lead to the entrance of the old city. Many of these have been relocated from the old commercial centre of the city, known as the vegetable market ( 2122:

seem to have been an integral part of the local economy. As income from commerce declined and tax revenues diminished significantly, the Ottoman government left Hebron to manage its own affairs for the most part, making it "one of the most autonomous regions in late Ottoman Palestine." The Jewish community was under French protection until 1914. The Jewish presence itself was divided between the traditional Sephardi community, whose members spoke Arabic and adopted Arab dress, and the more recent influx of

1138: 2048: 269: 9526:, pp. 178: "As I made my way to the Machpelah, I passed a curious scene. The Hadassah hospital of Hebron, which is Arab-administered, had been taken over by Israeli women of Kiryat Arba, the new settlement on the hill overlooking the city. Miriam Levinger, wife of Moshe Levinger, the militant right-wing rabbi who founded Kiryat Arba, was screaming in her Brooklyn-accented Hebrew at the Palestinian police, who were – very politely – attempting to remove the women from the hospital grounds." 4449: 146: 184: 4402: 2202:, Arab rioters slaughtered some 64 to 67 Jewish men, women and children and wounded 60, and Jewish homes and synagogues were ransacked; 435 Jews survived by virtue of the shelter and assistance offered them by their Arab neighbours, who hid them. Some Hebron Arabs, including Ahmad Rashid al-Hirbawi, president of Hebron chamber of commerce, supported the return of Jews after the massacre. Two years later, 35 families moved back into the ruins of the Jewish quarter, but on the eve of the 3811: 3620: 4418: 3799: 2322: 3944:. Led by Miriam Levinger, they established a bridgehead for Jewish resettlement and created conflict with Arab shopkeepers. A retaliatory attack by a Palestinian group resulted in the death of six yeshiva students. Despite appeals to the Israeli Supreme Court, the settlers remained. The following year, the government legitimized residency in Hebron and expelled the elected mayor. This pattern of settlement followed by hostilities with Palestinians was repeated in Tel Rumeida. 15152: 15159: 1819: 8943:, Mary Boger, City University of New York. Sociology – 2008. p. 93: "The development of the Islamic Movement in Israel owes much to the Israeli and Jordanian governments who collaborated to establish an Islamic University in al-Khalil (Hebron), headed by Shaykh Muhammad Ali al-Ja'bari a prominent anti-PLO leader who served as minister in Jordan and in the internal circle of kings Abd-allah and Husayn, who are known to have befriended the Israeli occupation." 4038: 3600: 233: 2517:. The sniper was caught in 2002. Hebron is one of the three West Bank towns from which the majority of suicide bombers originate. In May 2003, three students of the Hebron Polytechnic University carried out three separate suicide attacks. In August 2003, in what both Islamic groups described as a retaliation, a 29-year-old preacher from Hebron, Raed Abdel-Hamed Mesk, broke a unilateral Palestinian ceasefire by killing 23 and injured over 130 in a 166: 2474: 3684: 3676: 2482: 3445: 195: 2622: 2219: 2590:. Roughly 20% of the city, including 35,000 Palestinians, under Israeli military administration, lives in the region of H2 Hebron. Hebron is capital of the Hebron Governorate. With adjoining governorate, the city forms a metropolitan area, known as Hebron metropolitan area, with an estimated population of around 782,227 as of 2021. It is third largest metropolitan area in Palestine, followed by Gaza and Jerusalem. 2338:

one group of descendants dissociated themselves from the settlers by calling them an obstacle to peace. On May 15, 2006, a member of a group who is a direct descendant of the 1929 refugees urged the government to continue its support of Jewish settlement, and allow the return of eight families evacuated the previous January from homes they set up in emptied shops near the Avraham Avinu neighborhood.

2206:(April 23, 1936) the British Government decided to move the Jewish community out of Hebron as a precautionary measure to secure its safety. The sole exception was the 8th generation Hebronite Ya'akov ben Shalom Ezra, who processed dairy products in the city, blended in well with its social landscape and resided there under the protection of friends. In November 1947, in anticipation of the 303: 2405: 2278: 1328: 1127: 9852:, p. 184:'the great oak of Sibta, commonly called Abraham's oak by most people except the Jews, who do not believe in any Abraham's oak there. The great patriarch planted, indeed, a grove at Beersheba; but the "Eloné Mamre" they declare to have been "plains", not "oaks", (which would be Alloné Mamre,) and to have been situated northwards instead of westwards from the present Hebron.' 3628: 1579:(writing in 1173), a certain part over the cave of Abraham had given way, and "a number of Franks had made their entrance therein". And they discovered "(the bodies) of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob", "their shrouds having fallen to pieces, lying propped up against a wall...Then the King, after providing new shrouds, caused the place to be closed once more". Similar information is given in 3899:) However, this viewpoint has led to religiously motivated violence towards Palestinians, who are viewed negatively. Clashes with Palestinians are seen as contributing to the messianic process, with the belief that Arabs will eventually have to leave. The new settlers have no kin connection to the traditional Old Families of Jewish Hebronites, who strongly oppose their presence. 1972:. In 1838, the total population was estimated at 10,000. When the government of Ibrahim Pasha fell in 1841, the local clan leader Abd ar-Rahman Amr once again resumed the reins of power as the Sheik of Hebron. Due to his extortionate demands for cash from the local population, most of the Jewish population fled to Jerusalem. In 1846, the Ottoman Governor-in-chief of Jerusalem ( 2198:. and by 1929 had attracted some 265 students from Europe and the United States. The majority of the Jewish population lived on the outskirts of Hebron along the roads to Be'ersheba and Jerusalem, renting homes owned by Arabs, a number of which were built for the express purpose of housing Jewish tenants, with a few dozen within the city around the synagogues. During the 7612: 1480:

public guest house offering lentils and olive oil to both the poor and the rich. The guest house was established through the bequest of Prophet Muhammad's companions, including Tamim-al Dari, and received generous donations. It was highly regarded as an excellent house of hospitality and charity in the realm of al-Islam. The custom, known as the 'Table of Abraham' (

3558:, Jordan demolished whole blocks of ancient houses opposite its entrance, which also resulted in improved access to the historic site. The Jordanians also demolished the old synagogue located in the el-Kazzazin Quarter. In 1976, Israel recovered the site, which had been converted into an animal pen, and by 1989, a settler courtyard had been established there. 3550:, stretching northwards for over 3 miles (5 km) at a depth of 600 ft (200m) either way. Some 500 houses were built elsewhere on surrounding rural land. There was less development to the south-east, where housing units extended along the valley for about 1 mile (1.5 km). In 1971, with the assistance of the Israeli and Jordanian governments, the 2501:(0.9% of all fatalities in Israel and the West Bank) and 17 fatal shootings (9 soldiers and 8 settlers) and 2 fatalities from a bombing during the second Intifada, and thousands of rounds fired on it from the hills above the Abu-Sneina and Harat al-Sheikh neighbourhoods. On November 15, 2002, 12 Israeli soldiers were killed (Hebron Brigade commander Colonel 3482:) to the north. It is believed the basic urban structure of the city had been established by the Mamluk period, during which time the city also had Jewish, Christian and Kurdish quarters. In the mid 19th-century, Hebron was still divided into four quarters, but the Christian quarter had disappeared. The sections included the ancient quarter surrounding the 2118:

alone with glassware manufacturing and processing of hides. This was because the most fertile lands were situated within the city limits. Even so, Hebron had an image of being unproductive and an "asylum for the poor and the spiritual." While the wealthy merchants of Nablus built fine mansions, housing in Hebron consisted of semi-peasant dwellings.

2156:), with about 60% of all the land in and around Hebron belonging to the Tamīm al-Dārī waqf. In 1922, its population stood at 16,577, of which 16,074 (97%) were Muslim, 430 (2.5%) were Jewish and 73 (0.4%) were Christian. During the 1920s, Abd al-Ḥayy al-Khaṭīb was appointed Mufti of Hebron. Before his appointment, he had been a staunch opponent of 1770:(1481) found not more than twenty Jewish families living in Hebron. and recounted how the Jewish women of Hebron would disguise themselves with a veil in order to pass as Muslim women and enter the Cave of the Patriarchs without being recognized as Jews. Minute descriptions of Hebron were recorded in Stephen von Gumpenberg's Journal (1449), by 3858:(TIPH) was subsequently established to help the normalization of the situation and to maintain a buffer between the Palestinian Arab population of the city and the Jewish population residing in their enclave in the old city. The TIPH operates with the permission of the Israeli government, meeting regularly with the Israeli army and the 7620: 5892:, p. 207. Note to editors. This account, always in Moshe Gil, refers to two distinct events, the Arab conquest from Byzantium, and the Kurdish-Arab conquest from Crusaders. In both the manuscript is a monkish chronicle, and the words used, and event described is identical. We may have a secondary source confusion here. 1497:

Visitors were provided with bread, olives, lentils cooked in olive oil, and raisins. Hebron had numerous mills operated by oxen and mules, along with working girls baking bread. The hospitality extended to about three-pound loaves of bread and meals for every arriving person, including up to 500 pilgrims on certain days.

7138:, p. 337: "In building this new Jewish town, one was sending a message to the international community: for the Jews, the sites connected with Jewish history are inalienable, and if later, for circumstantial reasons, the state of Israel is obliged to give one or another of them up, the step is not considered final." 3977:. In 1901, a Yeshiva was established there with a dozen teachers and up to 60 students. In 1982, Israeli authorities took over a Palestinian education office (Osama Ben Munqez School) and the adjacent bus station. The school was turned into a settlement, and the bus station into a military base against an order of the 8537:

Jordan Journal of Physics ARTICLE Radionuclides Measurements in Some Rock Samples Collected from the Environment of Hebron Governorate -Palestine - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/West-Bank-geographical-map-and-sample-location-of-the-Hebron-region_fig1_311993953

2071:, attempted to put down a rebellion in the Hebron region. Kamil and his army marched towards Hebron in July 1855, a scene witnessed by representatives of the English, French and other Western consulates. After crushing all opposition, Kamil appointed Salama Amr, brother and rival of Abd al Rachman, as 2085:, Arab-Jewish relations were good, and Alter Rivlin, who spoke Arabic and Syrian-Aramaic, was appointed Jewish representative to the city council. During a severe drought in 1869–1871, food in Hebron sold for ten times the normal amount. From 1874, the Hebron district was administered directly from 2337:

Survivors and descendants of the prior community are mixed. Some support the project of Jewish redevelopment, others commend living in peace with Hebronite Arabs, while a third group recommend a full pullout. Descendants supporting the latter views have met with Palestinian leaders in Hebron. In 1997

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Abd ar-Rahman Amr, declined to supply its quota of conscripts for the army and suffered badly from the Egyptian campaign to crush the uprising. The town was invested and, when its defences fell on August 4, it was sacked by Ibrahim Pasha's army. An estimated 500 Muslims from Hebron were killed in the

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in Hebron, which attracted many students. In the early 18th century, the Jewish community suffered from heavy debts, almost quadrupling from 1717 to 1729, and were "almost crushed" from the extortion practiced by the Turkish pashas. In 1773 or 1775, a substantial amount of money was extorted from the

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above, and let down burning torches into it through a window, for they keep a light always burning there. . Bread and lentil, or some other kind of pulse (seeds of peas or beans), is distributed (by the Muslims) to the poor every day without distinction of faith, and this is done in honour of Abraham.

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in the south of the Old City. The vegetable market was closed by the Israeli military and some of the neighbouring houses were occupied by settlers and soldiers. Settlers started to take over the closed Palestinian stores, despite explicit orders of the Israeli Supreme Court that the settlers should

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is from Hebron, including 60% of the jewelry industry and jewelry production, 28% of the output in the agricultural sector and 75% of the leather and shoe industry. Most agricultural products from Palestinian controlled Hebron are sent to Israel. Trade volume between Israel and the Palestine reaches

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of Inquiry concluded that Israeli authorities had consistently failed to investigate or prosecute crimes committed by settlers against Palestinians. Hebron IDF commander Noam Tivon said that his foremost concern is to "ensure the security of the Jewish settlers" and that Israeli "soldiers have acted

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Immediately after the 1967 war, mayor al-Ja'bari had unsuccessfully promoted the creation of an autonomous Palestinian entity in the West Bank, and by 1972, he was advocating for a confederal arrangement with Jordan instead. al-Ja'bari nevertheless consistently fostered a conciliatory policy towards

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asked him why the Arabs had murdered the old, pious Jews in Hebron and Safed, with whom they had no quarrel. The mayor answered: "In a way you behave like in a war. You don't kill what you want. You kill what you find. Next time they will all be killed, young and old." Later on, Londres spoke again

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on Palestinian exports. Today, there are less than 300 workshops in the shoe industry, who only run part-time, and they employ around 3,000–4,000 people. More than 50% of the shoes are exported to Israel, where consumers have a better economy. Less than 25% goes to the Palestinian market, with some

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Hebron is located on fertile mountaineous area, making the city agriculturally rich, thus giving it a strategic importance. This is the reason for Hebron, today being a hub for cultivation of fruits and vineyards. The alternative sources of water network is cisterns. There are ten springs and three

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all the sepulchres of the patriarchs are covered with rich carpets of green silk, magnificently embroidered with gold; those of the wives are red, embroidered in like manner. The sultans of Constantinople furnish these carpets, which are renewed from time to time. Ali Bey counted nine, one over the

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established its rule over Hebron in 638, the Muslims converted the Byzantine church at the site of Abraham's tomb into a mosque. It became an important station on the caravan trading route from Egypt, and also as a way-station for pilgrims making the yearly hajj from Damascus. After the fall of the

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In 2012, Israel Defense Forces called for the immediate removal of a new settlement, because it was seen as a provocation. The IDF, in accordance with settler demands, requested the removal of a Palestinian flag on a Hebronite rooftop contiguous to settlements, though no rule forbids the practice.

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made it possible to mass import Chinese goods as the Palestinian National Authority, which was created after the Oslo Accords, did not regulate it. They later put import taxes but the Abu Felat, who also is the Palestinian Federation of Leather Industries's chairman, said more is still needed. The

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party was banned as a result. The Israeli government also tightened restrictions on the movement of Palestinians in H2, closed their vegetable and meat markets, and banned Palestinian cars on Al-Shuhada Street. The park near the Cave of the Patriarchs for recreation and barbecues is off-limits for

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Hebron was described as 'deeply Bedouin and Islamic', and 'bleakly conservative' in its religious outlook, with a strong tradition of hostility to Jews. It had a reputation for religious zeal in jealously protecting its sites from Jews and Christians, although the Jewish and Christian communities

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to inform the Palestinian municipality of the government's intention to reconstruct infrastructure in the old Hebron fruit and vegetable market in order to establish a Jewish neighbourhood there, which would allow for doubling the city's settler population. The area's original residents, who have

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Mediterranean, hot summer climate (Classification: Csa). The city's yearly temperature is 22.74ºC (72.93ºF) and it is 0.14% higher than Palestine’s averages. It typically receives about 15.72 millimeters (0.62 inches) of precipitation and has 39.47 rainy days (10.81% of the time) annually, during

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also considered that Hebron was the one sector of the conquered territories that should remain under Jewish control and be open to Jewish settlement. Apart from its symbolic message to the international community that Israel's rights in Hebron were, according to Jews, inalienable, settling Hebron

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in 1886 suggests that glass-making remained an important source of income for Hebron, with four factories earning 60,000 francs yearly. While the economy of other cities in Palestine was based on solely on trade, the economy of Hebron was more diverse, including agriculture and livestock herding,

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described Hebron (Habra) as the village of Abraham al-Khalil, with a strong fortress and a stone dome over Abraham's sepulchre. The mosque contained the tombs of Isaac, Jacob, and their wives. Surrounding the area were villages with vineyards producing exceptional grapes and apples. Hebron had a

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Settler violence has forced out over half the Palestinian population in some neighborhoods in the downtown area of Hebron. This once bustling community is now eerily deserted, and presents a harrowing existence for those few Palestinians who dare to remain or who are too deep in poverty to move

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According to Tamara Neuman, settlement by a community of Jewish religious fundamentalists has brought about three major changes by redesigning a Palestinian area in terms of biblical imagery and origins: remaking over these revamped religious sites to endow them with an innovative centrality to

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From the 1970s to the early 1990s, a third of those who lived in the city worked in the shoe industry. According to the shoe factory owner Tareq Abu Felat, the number reached least 35,000 people and there were more than 1,000 workshops around the city. Statistics from the Chamber of Commerce in

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I was in the Cave of Machpelah, over which the mosque has been built; and the Arabs hold the place in high honour. All the Kings of the Arabs come here to repeat their prayers, but neither a Jew nor an Arab may enter the Cave itself, where the real graves of the Patriarchs are; the Arabs remain

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as having many villages providing revenues for pious purposes. He mentioned a spring flowing from under a stone, with water channeled to a covered tank outside the town. The Sanctuary stood on the town's southern border, enclosed by four walls. Barley was the primary crop, with abundant olives.

7706:, p. 265. Meir Tayar, commander of the Hebron Border Police at the time testified that, 'Instructions are to take cover, wait until the clip is empty or the gun jams and then overpower him. Even if I had been there (in the mosque), I could not have done anything-there were special orders.' 2357:

Sheik Farid Khader heads the Ja'bari tribe, consisting of some 35,000 people, which is considered one of the most important tribes in Hebron. For years, members of the Ja'bari tribe were the mayors of Hebron. Khader regularly meets with settlers and Israeli government officials and is a strong

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movement having established a community in 1823. The ascendency of Ibrahim Pasha led to a decline in the local glass industry. His plan to build a Mediterranean fleet led to severe logging in Hebron's forests, making firewood for the kilns scarce. At the same time, Egypt began importing cheap

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states that there have been "grave violations" of Palestinian human rights in Hebron because of the "presence of the settlers within the city." The organization cites regular incidents of "almost daily physical violence and property damage by settlers in the city", curfews and restrictions of

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In 1820, it was reported that there were about 1,000 Jews in Hebron. In 1838, Hebron had an estimated 1,500 taxable Muslim households, in addition to 41 Jewish tax-payers. Taxpayers consisted here of male heads of households who owned even a very small shop or piece of land. 200 Jews and one

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Super Nimer company manufactures sanitary ware products and water network from its factory, whose area ranges from 30,000 square metres (7.4 acres) to 45,000 square metres (11 acres). Opened in 2004, Super Tiger operates a factory spread across an area of 7 acres (28,000 m). During the

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gave the city a reputation for being an asylum for the poor and the spiritual, cementing the poor cast of a town supporting the unproductive and the needy (Ju'beh 2003). This reputation was bound to shed a conservative, dull cast on the city, a place not known for high living, dynamism, or

2445:, killing 29, and wounding 125 before the survivors overcame and killed him. Standing orders for Israeli soldiers on duty in Hebron disallowed them from firing on fellow Jews, even if they were shooting Arabs. This event was condemned by the Israeli Government, and the extreme right-wing 2692:

It is one of the highest cities in the area and was, until the 19th century, considered the highest city in the Middle East. With the governorate and metropolitan area, it forms about 19% of the West Bank total area. The city is surrounded by several mountains and hills, including the

1980:, waged a campaign to subdue rebellious sheiks in the Hebron area, and while doing so, allowed his troops to sack the town. Though it was widely rumoured that he secretly protected Abd ar-Rahman, the latter was deported together with other local leaders (such as Muslih al-'Azza of 2470:) may not enter H1 unless under Palestinian escort. Palestinians cannot approach areas where settlers live without special permits from the IDF. The Jewish settlement is widely considered to be illegal by the international community, although the Israeli government disputes this. 4365:

of Jewish tradition; and writing out the overlapping aspects of Judaism, Christianity and Islam in such a way that the possibility of accommodation between the three intertwined traditions is eradicated, while the presence of Palestinians themselves is erased by violent methods.

6715: 3507:, emerged. As development continued, new spacious and taller structures were built to the north-west. In 1918, the town consisted of dense clusters of residential dwellings along the valley, rising onto the slopes above it. By the 1920s, the town was made up of seven quarters: 2558:(TIPH) issued a confidential report covering their 20 years of work in Hebron. The report, based in part on over 40,000 incidents reported during this period, stated that Israel violated international law in Hebron and has breached the rights of residents as established by the 1867:

settling in Hebron. Over the following two centuries, there was a significant migration of Bedouin tribal groups from the Arabian Peninsula into Palestine. Many settled in three separate villages in the Wādī al-Khalīl, and their descendants later formed the majority of Hebron.

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Although a significant number of people relocated to Jerusalem from Hebron during the Jordanian period, Hebron itself saw a considerable increase in population with 35,000 settling in the town. During this period, signs of the previous Jewish presence in Hebron were removed.

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Quarter. As Hebron's population gradually increased, inhabitants preferred to build upwards rather than leave the safety of their neighbourhoods. By the 1880s, better security provided by the Ottoman authorities allowed the town to expand and a new commercial centre,

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documents from this period mention "the graves of the patriarchs" and attest to the presence of an organised Jewish community in Hebron. The Jews maintained a synagogue near the tomb and earned their livelihood accommodating Jewish pilgrims and merchants. During the

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Christian household were under 'European protections'. The total population was estimated at 10,000. In 1842, it was estimated that about 400 Arab and 120 Jewish families lived in Hebron, the latter having been diminished in number following the destruction of 1834.

2466:– remained under the military control of Israel. Around 120,000 Palestinians live in H1, while around 30,000 Palestinians along with around 700 Israelis remain under Israeli military control in H2. As of 2009, a total of 86 Jewish families lived in Hebron. The IDF ( 1444:, described the city as unfortified and poor. In his writings he also mentioned camel caravans transporting firewood from Hebron to Jerusalem, which implies there was a presence of Arab nomads in the region at that time. Trade greatly expanded, in particular with 7170:

along with the great pogroms of Eastern Europe. The messianic fervor that characterized the Hebron settlers was more powerful than the awakening that led people to settle in East Jerusalem: while Jerusalem had already been annexed, the future of Hebron was still

3760:, which houses more than 140 factories. Royal Industrial Trading operates a pipe manufacturing plant in Hebron, which is spread across an area of 40,000 square metres (9.9 acres) and employs over 650 people. In 2021, an electronic recycling factory was opened in 1716:

were built onto the sanctuary. Six years later, while on pilgrimage to Hebron, Baibars promulgated an edict forbidding Christians and Jews from entering the sanctuary, and the climate became less tolerant of Jews and Christians than it had been under the prior

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90% of the shoes in Palestine are now estimated to come from China, which Palestinian industry workers say are of much lower quality but also much cheaper, and the Chinese are more aesthetic. Another factor contributing to the decline of the local industry is

5062:, p. 361 These non-Semitic names perhaps echo either a tradition of a group of elite professional troops (Philistines, Hittites), formed in Canaan whose ascendancy was overthrown by the West-Semitic clan of Caleb. They would have migrated from the Negev, 3573:). The northern part of Upper Hebron includes some up-scale residential districts and also houses the Hebron University, private hospitals and the only two luxury hotels in the city. The main commercial artery of the city is located here, situated along the 3911:

and a group of Israelis, disguised as tourists, rented the main hotel in Hebron and refused to leave. The government initially wanted to evacuate the settlers but eventually allowed them to relocate to a nearby military base, which became the settlement of

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attack and some 750 were conscripted. 120 youths were abducted and put at the disposal of Egyptian army officers. Most of the Muslim population managed to flee beforehand to the hills. Many Jews fled to Jerusalem, but during the general pillage of the town

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According to Hillel Cohen, the attacks on Jews in this particular period are an exception that proves the rule, that one of the easiest place for Jews to live in the world were in the various countries of the Ottoman Empire. In the mid-eighteenth century,

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in Jerusalem. In 2007, the Palestinian population in H2 declined due to Israeli security measures such as extended curfews, strict restrictions on movement, the closure of Palestinian businesses and settler harassment. Palestinians are barred from using

6597:, pp. 12–14: "Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and well into the twentieth, Hebron was a peripheral, "borderline" community, attracting poor itinerant peasants and those with Sufi inclinations from its environs. The tradition of 8858:

Journal of a deputation sent to the East by the committee of the Malta Protestant college, in 1849: containing an account of the present state of the Oriental nations, including their religion, learning, education, customs, and occupations, Volume

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According to Palestinians, the IDF negotiated the removal of the flag in exchange for the release of a resident of Hebron from legal custody. In August 2016, Israel announced its intention to allow settlement building in the military compound of

3989:. The plots were administered by his descendant Haim Bajaio after Jews left Hebron. Settlers' claims to this land are based on these precedents, but are dismissed by the rabbi's heir. In 1984, settlers established a caravan outpost there called ( 3581:, rural lands and vineyards, which used to function as recreation areas during the summer months until the early Jordanian period. The southern part is where the working-class neighbourhoods are located, along with large industrial zones and the 3931:

ruled that Jews have no right to properties they possessed in places like Hebron before 1948 and are not entitled to compensation for their losses. Originally named Hesed l'Avraham clinic, Beit Hadassah was constructed in 1893 with donations of

3772:

proposed to construct a regional water treatment plant, which will treat existing sewage stream coming from 80% of the city. The city is a hub for the jewelry industry and houses approximately 70 jewelry factories employing over 1500 workers.

3940:, which took responsibility for the medical staff and provided free medical care to all. In 1979, a group of 15 settler mothers and their 35 children squatted in the Dabouia building in Hebron, exploiting the government's indecision during 1106:

constitutes a seminal element in what was to become the Jewish attachment to the land in that it signified the first "real estate" of Israel long before the conquest under Joshua. In settling here, Abraham is described as making his first

7010:, 1997, "Only clergy, diplomats, UN personnel, and a few privileged tourists were permitted to go from one side to the other. The Jordanians required most tourists to produce baptismal certificates—to prove they were not Jewish ... ." 7090:, p. 79: "Under Jordanian rule, the last vestiges of a Jewish historical presence in Hebron were obliterated. The Avraham Avinu synagogue, already in ruins, was razed; a pen for goats, sheep, and donkeys was built on the site." 2425:. IDF soldiers see their job as being to protect Israeli settlers from Palestinian residents, not to police the Israeli settlers. IDF soldiers are instructed to leave violent Israeli settlers for the police to deal with. Since The 2101:

declined due to competition from imported European glassware, although it continued to be popular among those who could not afford luxury goods and was sold by Jewish merchants. Glass ornaments from Hebron were exhibited at the

1651:

retook Hebron in 1187 – again with Jewish assistance according to one late tradition, in exchange for a letter of security allowing them to return to the city and build a synagogue there. The name of the city was changed back to

1408:'s armies besieged and took Jerusalem. Jews were not permitted to reside in Hebron under Byzantine rule. The sanctuary itself however was spared by the Persians, in deference to the Jewish population, who were numerous in the 712:. With a population of 201,063 in the city limits, the adjacent metropolitan area within the governorate is home to over 700,000 people. Hebron spans across an area of 74.102 square kilometres (28.611 sq mi). It is 6769:, p. 82: "In any event, after his appointment, Abd al-Hayy al-Khatib not only played a prominent role in the disturbances of 1929, but, in general, appeared as one of the few loyal adherents of Hajj Amin in that town." 8321:

About four hundred families of Arabs dwell in Hebron, and about one hundred and twenty families of Jews; the latter having been greatly reduced in number by a bloody battle in 1834, between them and the troops of Ibrahim

1599:

purported to be those of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, a discovery that excited eager curiosity among all three communities in Palestine, Muslim, Jewish, and Christian. Towards the end of the period of Crusader rule, in 1166

6996:

Thomas A Idinopulos, Jerusalem, 1994, p. 300, "So severe were the Jordanian restrictions against Jews gaining access to the old city that visitors wishing to cross over from west Jerusalem...had to produce a baptismal

3862:, and is granted free access throughout the city. In 2018, the TIPH came under criticism in Israel due to incidents where an employee was, according to the Israeli police, filmed puncturing the tires of the car of an 13966: 1919:

Hebron also became known throughout the Arab world for its glass production, abetted by Bedouin trade networks that brought up minerals from the Dead Sea, and the industry is mentioned in the books of 19th century

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Jared Kushner Does Not See the Brutal Occupation I Helped Carry Out: As a Former Soldier, I Enforced Two Separate Legal Systems for Israelis and Palestinians--The Trump Plan Wants to Make This Reality Permanent

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on 7th July 2017. The move caused controversies and faced opposition from Israeli officials who objected to it being called as Palestinian site, instead of Israeli. It is one of the best preserved sites of the

2709:, which spreads throughout Israel and Palestine and have an altitude of 1,026 m (3,366 ft). The two larger settlements whose population exceeds 7000 sit on the hills overlooking the Hebron's eastern quarters – 2246:. The armistice agreement between Israel with Jordan intended to allow Israeli Jewish pilgrims to visit Hebron, but, as Jews of all nationalities were forbidden by Jordan into the country, this did not occur. 3655:

have been a large contributor to the city's economy. Despite having tense relations, Israelis and Palestinians have strong trade relations in Hebron. The city is popular for its ceramics and glass industry.

4270:. During the Middle Ages, pilgrims and the inhabitants of Hebron would eat the red earth as a charm against misfortune. Others report that the soil was harvested for export as a precious medicinal spice in 3959:

was the physical and spiritual center of its neighborhood and regarded as one of the most beautiful synagogues in Palestine. It was the centre of Jewish worship in Hebron until it was burnt down during the

1608:

On Sunday, 9 Marheshvan (17 October), I left Jerusalem for Hebron to kiss the tombs of my ancestors in the Cave. On that day, I stood in the cave and prayed, praise be to God, (in gratitude) for everything.

9938:

Edward Kellet, 1633. p. 223: "Sixthly, the field of Damascus, where the red earth lieth, of which they report Adam was formed; which earth is tough, and may be wrought like wax, and lieth close by Hebron."

1500:

The tradition survives to this day in the form of the Takiat Ibrahim soup kitchen, which has been active in providing food for thousands over Ramadan, which coincided with food shortages during the 2024

3851:, Israel withdrew from 80 per cent of Hebron, which was handed over to the Palestinian Authority. Palestinian police would assume responsibilities in Area H1 and Israel would retain control in Area H2. 1687:, managed to impose peace on the area. But soon after his departure, feuding broke out and in 1241 the Templars mounted a damaging raid on what was, by now, Muslim Hebron, in violation of agreements. 1721:

rule. The edict for the exclusion of Christians and Jews was not strictly enforced until the middle of the 14th-century and by 1490, not even Muslims were permitted to enter the caverns. The mill at

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The climate in Hebron is temperate and the mean year-round temperature ranges between 15-16° (an average of 7° in winter and 21° in summer). Annual precipitations average around 502 mm. Hebron has

2497:, the Jewish community was subjected to attacks by Palestinian militants, especially during the periods of the intifadas; which saw 3 fatal stabbings and 9 fatal shootings in between the first and 5108:, p. 177 doubts this tradition. "The book of Joshua is not a reliable source for either a historical or a territorial discussion of the Late Bronze Age, and its evidence must be disregarded". 4313:

from Mecca to Jerusalem, and the mosque in the city is said to conserve one of his shoes. Another tradition states that Muhammad arranged for Hebron and its surrounding villages to become part of

3893:. Settling in Hebron is seen as a right and duty, a favor to the world, and an example of being "a light unto the nations." and an example of the Jews of Hebron being "a light unto the nations" ( 2705:. The Mount Nabi Yunis, situated north of the city, is the highest point in Palestine, with an altitude of 1,030 metres (3,380 ft). While the Hebron Hills is southern part of the wider 2538:, Palestinian areas of Hebron are frequently subject to indiscriminate firing by the IDF, leading to many casualties. One former IDF soldier, with experience in policing Hebron, has testified to 14732: 684: 646: 7837: 15843: 2534:

movement that are "among the harshest in the Occupied Territories", and violence by Israeli border policemen and the IDF against Palestinians who live in the city's H2 sector. According to

6896:

Merkaz ha-Yerushalmi le-ʻinyene tsibur u-medinah, Temple University. Center for Jewish Community Studies – 2006: "After the 1929 riots in Mandatory Palestine, the non-Jewish French writer

2164:, after it was reported by Murshid Shahin (an Arab pro-Zionist activist) that there was intense resistance in Hebron to the elections. Almost no house in Hebron remained undamaged when an 7185: 2753:, is one of the water sources for the city. Currently the river is polluted, mainly due to the generation of waste, mostly by the industrial areas, situated on the city's east and south. 3781:, Hebron rapidly transformed into a medical supplies manufacturing hub, with numerous factories installing and commissioning new production lines for the product and was approved by the 2126:. They prayed in different synagogues, sent their children to different schools, lived in different quarters and did not intermarry. The community was largely Orthodox and anti-Zionist. 10128: 3744:

The most advanced printing press in the Middle East is in Hebron. Hebron is major source of import goods to Israel. Mattresses manufactured in Hebron are exported to Israeli markets in

2381:

movement, a designated terrorist organization, whose first operations started there, and provided a model for similar behaviour in other settlements. On July 26, 1983, Israeli settlers

2028:(1869) precipitated a drop in caravan trade. The consequence was a steady deterioration of the local economy. At the time, the town was divided into four quarters: the Ancient Quarter ( 1095:, or "city of four", possibly referring to the four pairs or couples who were buried there, or four tribes, or four quarters, four hills, or a confederated settlement of four families. 6401:, pp. 355–381, 372:The rabbi of the Ashkenazi community, who said they numbered 60 mainly Polish and Russian emigrants, professed no knowledge of the Sephardim in Hebron (p. 377). 4215:

is an ancient biblical village, currently a modern town. It is home to 4th century synagogue, numerous Ottoman-era structure and an Islamic building, probably built during the time of

1583:'s Chronicle under the year 1119; "In this year was opened the tomb of Abraham, and those of his two sons Isaac and Jacob ...Many people saw the Patriarch. Their limbs had nowise been 4179:

Situated on the northeast of the city, Wadi al–Quff Natural Reserve is visited by 2,000 people, mostly on weekends. It is currently under the management of the Palestinian government.

3756:. Around 17,000 factories and workshops are located throughout the Area H1. Historically, the traditional glass industry is popular in Hebron. A new industrial city has been built in 2326: 2019:

By 1850, the Jewish population consisted of 45–60 Sephardic families, some 40 born in the town, and a 30-year-old Ashkenazic community of 50 families, mainly Polish and Russian, the

15836: 6172:, p. 42. In 1803, the rabbis and elders of the Jewish community were imprisoned after failing to pay their debts. In 1807 the community did however succeed in purchasing a 5- 9824: 1871:

The Jewish community fluctuated between 8–10 families throughout the 16th century, and suffered from severe financial straits in the first half of the century. In 1540, renowned

2000:(circumcision ceremony) or any other celebration, their most important men come at night and rejoice with the Jews and clap hands and dance with the Jews, just like the Jews'." 16429: 12097: 7869: 7383: 7288: 4018:. The original site was under Jewish ownership prior to 1948. The plan proposes that the empty shops remain Palestinian while the units built over them house Jewish Israelis. 2542:, that on the briefing wall of his unit a sign describing their mission aim was hung that read: "To disrupt the routine of the inhabitants of the neighbourhood." Hebron mayor 4377: 16100: 13974: 8103:"In total, 169 families lived on the three streets in September 2000, when the intifada began. Since then, seventy-three families—forty-three percent—have left their homes." 880:

The largest city in sourthern West Bank, Hebron is chief commercial and industrial center in the region. It is a busy hub of trade, generating roughly a third of the area's

2265:

as their king. The subsequent unilateral annexation benefited the Arabs of Hebron, who during the 1950s, played a significant role in the economic development of Jordan.

1063:

is the name for a Kenite clan. In the narrative of the later Hebrew conquest, Hebron was one of two centres under Canaanite control. They were ruled by the three sons of

14725: 1023:. The city flourished in the 17th–18th centuries BCE before being destroyed by fire, and was resettled in the late Middle Bronze Age. This older Hebron was originally a 8275: 8216: 2717:. Wadi al–Quff near Hebron is one of the largest natural reserves in Palestine. Located towards northeast of the city, it is surrounded by nearby towns and villages of 2342:, established in 2007 under disputed circumstances, was under court orders permitting its forced evacuation. All the Jewish settlers were expelled on December 3, 2008. 873:, managed by Israeli authorities. All security arrangements and travel permits for local residents are coordinated between the Palestinian Authority and Israel via the 4130:

are also located in the city. It is reverred to Christians, Muslims and Jews. These sites are located in the H2 region, which is controlled by the Israeli authorities.

2729:. The natural reserve covers up an area of 3.73 square kilometres (920 acres). Wadi al–Quff Natural reserve is home to some of the rare species of animals and plants. 2313:, the city of Hebron would lie in Jordanian territory, and in order to determine Israel's own border, Allon suggested building a Jewish settlement adjacent to Hebron. 2097:, the Jewish community numbered 600 in an overall population of 17,000. The Jews lived in the Quarter of the Corner Gate. In the late 19th century the production of 7936: 1567:

into a church. In 1106, an Egyptian campaign thrust into southern Palestine and almost succeeded the following year in wresting Hebron back from the Crusaders under

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Goldfield, Norbert (April 2, 2021). "Palestinian Working Women Society for Development: Building resilience in the Hebron Hills in Occupied Palestinian Territory".

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observers were killed by Palestinian gunmen in a shooting attack on the road to Hebron On March 27, 2001, a Palestinian sniper targeted and killed the Jewish baby

3985:) purchased 5 dunams on the outskirts of the city and in 1811 he signed a contract for a 99-year lease on a further 800 dunams of land, which included 4 plots in 1936:

wrote that Hebron's population had 400 Arab families, had numerous well-provisioned shops and that there was a manufactory of glass lamps, which were exported to

16257: 16149: 1762:(1292–1350) was penalised by the religious authorities in Damascus for refusing to recognise Hebron as a Muslim pilgrimage site, a view also held by his teacher 874: 9689: 8061: 3565:). It was established towards the end of the Ottoman period, its inhabitants being upper and middle class Hebronites who moved there from the crowded old city, 2171:

The Cave of the Patriarchs continued to remain officially closed to non-Muslims, and reports that entry to the site had been relaxed in 1928 were denied by the

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passed by the UN in 1947, Hebron was envisaged to become part of an Arab state. While the Jewish leaders accepted the partition plan, the Arab leadership (the

1828: 7751: 3639:

in surroundings have increased the city's value. It emerged as in important trade hub in the West Bank. Hebron is most productive region in the country after

15043: 8818: 14523: 8040:"B'Tselem – Press Releases – 31 Dec. 2007: B'Tselem: 131 Palestinians who did not participate in the hostilities killed by Israel's security forces in 2007" 7957: 203: 9802: 2559: 2543: 2539: 1947: 1163:, who is said to have wiped out all of its previous inhabitants, "destroying everything that drew breath, as the Lord God of Israel had commanded", or the 14017: 16384: 13938:

Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae addendum: squeezes in the Max van Berchem collection (Palestine, Trans-Jordan, Northern Syria): squeezes 1–84

7847: 3964:. In 1948 under Jordanian rule, the remaining ruins were razed. The Avraham Avinu quarter was established next to the Vegetable and Wholesale Markets on 3937: 2550:

to assist the local Palestinian community in opposition to what they describe as Israeli military occupation, collective punishment, settler harassment,

2382: 9631: 5408:, pp. 93–94 is sceptical.'This should be considered a raid on Hebron instead of a conquest based on subsequent events in the book of I Maccabees.' 2243: 1894:

Jewish community, who paid up to avert a threatened catastrophe, after a false allegation was made accusing them of having murdered the son of a local

387: 9208: 154: 16444: 15598: 14524:"Preliminary Report on the Events in Hebron as presented by Commanding Officer of the Central Command General Dani Yatom Before the Diplomatic Corps" 12817: 12620: 11722:

The History of the Jews:From the Chmielnicki Persecution of the Jews in Poland (1648 CE) to the Period of Emancipation in Central Europe (c. 1870 CE)

8113: 4401: 1236:(to the king Hebron), Hebron continued to constitute an important local economic centre, given its strategic position on the crossroads between the 16204: 16174: 15563: 9775: 7683: 2358:

opponent of both the concept of Palestinian State and the Palestinian Authority itself. Khader believes that Jews and Arabs must learn to coexist.

5768:, who had been wounded by Godfrey's own forces during the siege of the port, and later returned by the Muslims to Godfrey as a token of good will. 16229: 15887: 10813:. Journal for the study of the Old Testament: Supplement series. Vol. 294. New York & London: Continuum International Publishing Group. 5224:, p. 153: "certain conquests claimed for Joshua are elsewhere attributed to single tribes or clans, for example, in the case of Hebron (in 1620:. A bishop was appointed to Hebron in 1168 and the new cathedral church of St Abraham was built in the southern part of the Haram. In 1167, the 16189: 16159: 9447: 9395: 3848: 3823: 854: 10125: 4777: 4321:'s reign as caliph. According to the arrangement, al-Dari and his descendants were only permitted to tax the residents for their land and the 16317: 16224: 16199: 16139: 6963: 4236: 407: 13766: 8352: 7195: 4389: 3843:) rejected it, opposing any partition. The aftermath of the 1948 war saw the city occupied and later unilaterally annexed by the kingdom of 2462:, with the exception of Hebron, which was split into two sectors: H1 is controlled by the Palestinian Authority and H2 – which includes the 2210:, the Ezra family closed its shop and left the city. Yossi Ezra has since tried to regain his family's property through the Israeli courts. 1285: 16194: 15026: 14681: 13610:

The Catholic encyclopedia: an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic church

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Hebron was the one city excluded from the interim agreement of September 1995 to restore rule over all Palestinian West Bank cities to the

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in a move supported by local Hebron officials. Following the Six-Day War of 1967, Israel occupied Hebron. In 1997, in accordance with the

330: 16214: 12933:

Histoire de Jérusalem et d'Hébron depuis Abraham jusqu'à la fin du XVe siècle de J.-C. : fragments de la Chronique de Moudjir-ed-dyn

4436: 3832: 3778: 2207: 14614: 9116: 11795: 9828: 9141: 8479: 3855: 2555: 2510: 2399: 16434: 16074: 15702: 13199: 4609: 1409: 1180: 6803: 4922: 2566:, which prohibits the deportation of civilians from occupied territory. Israeli settlement in Hebron was also cited as a violation. 9387: 8359: 4738: 3969:

vacate these stores and the Palestinians should be allowed to return. Beit Romano was built and owned by Yisrael Avraham Romano of

11609:. Genocide: A Critical Bibliography. Vol. 3. TRansaction Publishers/Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide. pp. 43–74. 8190: 8029:'s attempt to burn the Al-Aqsa mosque. Islamic Jihad claimed it was in revenge for the killing of a leader, Ahmed Sidr, in Hebron. 4156:(Oak of Abraham) is an ancient tree which, in non-Jewish tradition, is said to mark the place where Abraham pitched his tent. The 15259: 10974: 7909: 4685: 4625: 4161: 2143: 1264:, most of the Jewish inhabitants of Hebron were exiled, and according to the conventional view, some researchers found traces of 12105: 7379: 7296: 4417: 2318:

also had theological significance in some quarters. For some, the capture of Hebron by Israel had unleashed a messianic fervor.

1940:. Early 19th-century travellers also noticed Hebron's flourishing agriculture. Apart from glassware, it was a major exporter of 8924: 3916:. After lobbying efforts, the settlement gained support from some Israeli leaders. Over time, the settlement expanded with the 2114: 2110: 955:, emerged as the city's actual name in the 13th century. Earlier Muslim sources refer to the city as Ḥabra or Ḥabrūn. The name 830: 14040: 12796: 7350: 7319: 4266:, near Hebron. A tradition arose in medieval Jewish texts that the Cave of the Patriarchs itself was the very entrance to the 1906:. During the Ottoman period, the dilapidated state of the patriarchs' tombs was restored to a semblance of sumptuous dignity. 295: 15828: 14502: 14469: 14439: 14367: 14316: 14285: 14235: 14207: 14176: 14143: 14110: 14077: 13946: 13913: 13874: 13841: 13808: 13703: 13662: 13632: 13569: 13536: 13503: 13470: 13431: 13373: 13343: 13320: 13270: 13239: 13180: 13152: 13128: 13103: 13071: 13043: 13017: 12989: 12956: 12884: 12850: 12806: 12780: 12754: 12724: 12687: 12654: 12599: 12571: 12528: 12495: 12460: 12427: 12399: 12371: 12340: 12312: 12218: 12187: 12156: 12135: 12079: 12051: 12023: 11970: 11939: 11914: 11880: 11849: 11752: 11699: 11668: 11614: 11580: 11361: 11326: 11305: 11282: 11252: 11231: 11203: 11173: 11145: 11117: 11067: 10988: 10953: 10922: 10894: 10863: 10818: 10797: 10763: 10735: 10686: 10658: 10630: 10595: 10542: 10514: 10493: 10462: 10431: 10392: 10371: 10340: 10312: 10279: 10246: 10215: 10184: 10098: 10025: 9998: 9971: 9873: 9364: 9337: 9253: 8514: 7981: 7257: 7043: 6739: 5265: 5086: 4291: 1928:

noted during his travels in Palestine in 1808–09 that 150 persons were employed in the glass industry in Hebron, based on 26

838: 9669: 8622: 4262:

buried in the cave of Machpelah. A Jewish-Christian tradition had it that Adam was formed from the red clay of the field of

16414: 16085: 15556: 15168: 14527: 13203: 7927: 2203: 3599: 3546:

The large population increase under Jordanian rule resulted in about 1,800 new houses being built, most of them along the

1543:

took Hebron and renamed it "Castellion Saint Abraham". It was designated capital of the southern district of the Crusader

1289: 14603: 10384:

The Jews in Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: Under the Patronage of the Istanbul Committee of Officials for Palestine

2330: 2290: 1527: 1204: 869:. The 1997 protocol divided the city into two sectors — H1 Hebron, controlled by the Palestinian National Authority, and 866: 850: 779: 14546: 10332:

Israeli Politics and the First Palestinian Intifada: Political Opportunities, Framing Processes and Contentious Politics

8380: 7796: 4448: 3589:), which was closed down by the Israeli military during the 1990s. The vegetable market is now located in the square of 2068: 1725:

was built in 1307, and the profits from its income were dedicated to the hospital in Hebron. Between 1318 and 1320, the

13992: 13970: 11773: 11037:

The Modern Traveller: A Description, Geographical, Historical, and Topographical, of the Various Countries of the Globe

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Arabic elements in Palestinian Yiddish: the old Ashkenazic Jewish community in Palestine, its history and its language

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respectively. The Isaac Hall now serves as the Ibrahimi mosque, while the Abraham and Jacob Hall serve as a synagogue.

4005:

in Hebron, which had been expropriated for military purposes in the 1990s. In late 2019, the Israeli Defense Minister

3561:

Today, the area along the north–south axis to the east comprises the modern city of Hebron (also called Upper Hebron,

1977: 1152:

The Hebron of the Israelites was centered on what is now known as Tel Rumeida, while its ritual centre was located at

16439: 14306: 11559: 11031: 10148: 8577: 8254: 6160:, p. 85. In 1770, they received financial assistance from North American Jews, which amounted in excess of £100. 3577:, and includes modern multi-storey shopping malls. Also in this area are villas and apartment complexes built on the 811: 9896: 7770: 16404: 15019: 13095: 7755: 4408: 3582: 936:, with a basic sense of 'unite' and connoting a range of meanings from "colleague" to "friend". In the proper name 862: 545: 247: 8176: 8120:. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. October 10, 2006. Archived from 16449: 15549: 6658:, p. 93 remarked of the town that it was "one of the bulwarks of Semitic ideas, in their most austere form". 4015: 3714: 2609:. Nearly a third of the population of Hebron, is considered of Kurdish background. The Kurdish Quarter, known as 2430: 1337:

The present day city of Hebron was settled in the valley downhill from Tel Rumeida at the latest by Roman times.

1215:). It became one of the principal centers of the Tribe of Judah and was classified as one of the six traditional 11507: 4152:

Hebron is also home to several sites for Christian worship, with numerous churches located around the city. The

3733: 3538: 877:. The Jewish settlers have their own governing municipal body, the Committee of the Jewish Community of Hebron. 15897: 5300: 3697: 2024:

European glass. The rerouting of the hajj from Damascus through Transjordan reduced traffic to Hebron, and the

1559:, its defence was precarious being 'little more than an island in a Moslem ocean'. The Crusaders converted the 858: 7503:, p. 265, citing Charles A. Radin (July 31, 2002). "A Top Israeli Says Settlers Incited Riot in Hebron". 5284: 2077:

of the Hebron region. Relative quiet reigned in the town for the next 4 years. In 1866, Hungarian Jews of the

1863:

into the Ottoman provinces, and a slow influx of Jews to the Holy Land took place, with some notable Sephardi

1396:

erected a Christian church over the Cave of Machpelah in the 6th century CE, which was later destroyed by the

1369:

wrote that he "slew all he found there, young and old, and burnt down the town." After the suppression of the

6901:

to the mayor and tested him ironically by saying: "You cannot kill all the Jews. There are 150,000 of them."

4622:, Christian holy site, historically near Hebron but now inside the city, distinct from the Terebinth of Mamre 4604: 3974: 3941: 2187: 1956: 1801: 1669: 1421: 17: 8599: 4892:"Graves, Relics and Sanctuariese: The Evolution of Syrian Sacred Topography (Eleventh-Thirteenth Centuries)" 1571:, who personally led the counter-charge to beat the Muslim forces off. In the year 1113 during the reign of 513: 16419: 15813: 14994: 8737: 5797: 5793: 5658: 5636: 5632: 5432:, p. 17:'Spätestens in römischer Zeit ist die Ansiedlung im Tal beim heutigen Stadtzentrum zu finden'. 4778:

https://molg.pna.ps/uploads/files/Hebron%20Urban%20Area%20Factsheet_sj_2cd2433c7a70461fb7ecf3c2ef2058a9.pdf

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the Judahite. The town itself, with some contiguous pasture land, is then said to have been granted to the

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Abraham in Mamre: Historische und exegetische Studien zur Region von Hebron und zu Genesis 11, 27 – 19, 38

9161: 8139: 8121: 1212: 16374: 15012: 14700: 12743:"The Dating of the First Phase of the Samaritan Temple on Mt Gerizim in Light of Archaeological Evidence" 11424:

First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population

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registers document 20 households in 1538/9, 8 in 1553/4, 11 in 1562 and 1596/7. Gil however suggests the

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Constructed in 1893, this former Jewish clinic in central Hebron now forms part of an Israeli settlement.

1749: 921: 713: 223: 14650: 8763: 7680: 6716:

J. B. Barron, ed. Palestine, Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine

1200: 1145: 16394: 15860: 12237: 12235:

Kohler, C. (1896). "Un nouveau récit de l'invention des Patriarches Abraham, Isaac et Jacob à Hebron".

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Covenant The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts

11008: 7166:, p. 698: "Hebron was considered a holy city; the massacre of Jews there in 1929 was imprinted on 5225: 5209: 4891: 4614: 4141: 2547: 2485:

A net installed in the Old City to prevent garbage dropped by Israeli settlers into a Palestinian area.

2253:, held by Jordan, was convened to decide the future of the West Bank. Hebron notables, headed by mayor 2094: 1576: 1362: 1346: 1317: 1083:

legend lies some early Hurrian population. In Biblical lore they are represented as descendants of the

31: 12909:

The history of Christianity: from the birth of Christ to the abolition of paganism in the Roman Empire

8140:"Ghost Town: Israel's Separation Policy and Forced Eviction of Palestinians from the Center of Hebron" 1301: 16399: 16389: 16307: 16252: 15301: 13593: 13392: 12975: 11987: 11529: 10980: 9536:

Vitullo, Anita (2003). "People Tied to Place: Strengthening Cultural Identity in Hebron's Old City".

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Advancing Sanitation Solutions and Reuse in the Hebron Stream: Shared Waters / Geographic Description

8021: 7212: 4339:. According to the account, this early Islamic food distribution center — which predates the Ottoman 2518: 2366:

squad killed five yeshiva students and one other person on their way home from Sabbath prayer at the

2309:

proposed that Israel annex 45% of the West Bank and return the remainder to Jordan. According to the

2239: 2227: 2103: 1691: 1584: 1551:, the bishop Gerard of Avesnes, Hugh of Rebecques, Walter Mohamet and Baldwin of Saint Abraham. As a 1203:). It is there that the elders of Israel come to him to make a covenant before Elohim and anoint him 834: 776: 705: 15808: 12879:. The Cambridge History of Christianity. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press. pp. 373–403. 12869:"Eastern Christianities (eleventh to fourteenth century): Copts, Melkites, Nestorians and Jacobites" 9442: 9087: 8714: 14384: 12583: 11902: 11512: 11422: 11137:

Cultural Heritage Beyond the "state": Palestinian Heritage Between Nationalism and Transnationalism

9305:"Feature: Palestinian factories turn into medical supplies manufacturers amid coronavirus outbreak" 9121: 8471: 7652: 7601:

International Organization for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination – 1987. p. 81.

5229: 4711: 2563: 2514: 2254: 2078: 1989: 1703: 1433:

permitted Jewish people to return and to construct a small synagogue within the Herodian precinct.

1424:, possibly the reason why Hebron is not mentioned in any traditions of the Arab conquest. When the 888:

from quarries in its area. Hebron has a local reputation for its grapes, figs, ceramics, plastics,

537: 13941:. Handbuch der Orientalistik: Nahe und der Mittlere Osten. Vol. 30. Brill. pp. 104–107. 11965:. The New international commentary on the Old Testament. Vol. 2. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 11635: 11035: 9647: 7754:. United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine. January 17, 1997. Archived from 6919:

The Zionist Archives preserves lists of Jews who were saved by Arabs; one list contains 435 names.

1680:, whose rivalry imperiled the treaty guaranteeing regional stability stipulated with the Egyptian 15517: 15151: 14337: 14129: 13869:. Handbuch der Orientalistik: Nahe und der Mittlere Osten. Vol. 1. Brill. pp. 117–118. 13776: 12555: 12547: 10483: 8857: 8348: 7537: 5392: 5350:, pp. 96–99 Carter challenges this view on the grounds that it has no archeological support. 4157: 4134: 4127: 4050:

Hebron is home to numerous mosques, synagogues, churches, parks, palaces, castles and forts. The

3956: 2195: 2165: 2161: 2134: 2008: 1933: 1910:

who, under Muslim disguise, was one of the few Westerners to gain access, reported in 1807 that,

1883: 1823: 1572: 268: 35: 14710: 14685: 13601: 13462: 10696: 9726:"Israel's plan to build new settlement atop Hebron market evokes painful memories for residents" 9304: 8091: 7509:; Amos Harel and Jonathan Lis (July 31, 2002). "Minister's Aide Calls Hebron Riots a 'Pogrom'". 3881:

has arrived. Hebron holds special significance in this narrative, with traditions linking it to

2526:, a principal commercial thoroughfare that is locally nicknamed "Apartheid Street" as a result. 1786:

revived the old custom of the Hebron "table of Abraham", and exported it as a model for his own

1075:

migration from the Negev to Hebron, since terms related to the Kenizzites appear to be close to

16302: 16292: 15747: 15720: 15608: 14697:. Photo's/maps of settlements and closed roads. Hebron Rehabilitation Committee, April 1, 2014. 14406: 14252: 14096: 13225: 10998: 10843: 8016: 7427: 7151: 4560: 4072: 3895: 3706: 3659:

It is the source of 60% of stone and marble resources in the West Bank. 33% of the Palestine’s

2367: 2172: 1960: 1800:, distributing daily some 1,200 loaves of bread to travellers of all faiths. The Italian rabbi 1759: 1568: 1342: 1331: 1280:

under the influence of Idumea (as the new area inhabited by the Edomites was called during the

1099: 881: 243: 15858: 14589: 14388: 14357: 14333: 14256: 14225: 14166: 14018:"Palestinian In bid to revive the old city, Hebron residents put on traditional food festival" 13996: 13936: 13897: 13654:

Palestine in Transformation, 1856–1882: studies in social, economic, and political development

13421: 13310: 13229: 13114: 12979: 12944: 12868: 12840: 12742: 12644: 12551: 12483: 12417: 12389: 12361: 12302: 12177: 12127:

The Changing Land: Between the Jordan and the Sea: Aerial Photographs from 1917 to the present

12125: 12069: 12013: 11960: 11898: 11689: 11485: 11316: 11293: 11270: 11191: 11135: 11057: 10912: 10839: 10725: 10676: 10616: 10504: 10452: 10330: 10236: 10172: 9988: 9961: 9935: 8567: 8314: 7033: 6729: 5076: 4877:. The root has magical overtones, and develops pejorative connotations in late Biblical usage. 3635:

Hebron is a leading commercial and industrial center in the Levantine region. The presence of

1144:

removes gates of Gaza (left) and brings them to Mount Hebron (right). Strassburg (1160–1170),

16424: 15291: 14569:"West Bank Palestinians Are Also Going Hungry. This 800 Year-old Soup Kitchen Is Stepping Up" 14488: 14459: 14275: 14197: 13260: 13256: 13007: 12907: 12770: 12146: 11837: 11598: 11481: 11163: 11107: 10781: 10563: 10382: 9494: 9409: 8968: 8494: 8039: 4076: 3978: 3928: 3878: 3836: 3782: 3652: 2689:

to the south. The Israeli–controlled H2 region is located in the eastern region of the city.

2467: 2459: 2422: 1925: 1767: 1249: 1245: 16115: 12716: 8506: 7667: 7218:

Hebron descendants decry actions of current settlers They are kin of the Jews ousted in 1929

1292:

periods), as is attested by inscriptions for that period bearing names with the Edomite God

1179:, while the fields of the city, as well as its surrounding villages were assigned to Caleb ( 16409: 15622: 15491: 13605: 12559: 11347: 9676: 8686: 6902: 4598: 4169: 3961: 3936:

families and was the only modern medical facility in Hebron. In 1909, it was renamed after

3453: 2638: 2446: 2385:

the Islamic University and shot three people dead and injured over thirty others. The 1994

2378: 2262: 2199: 2157: 1969: 1665: 1621: 1556: 1544: 1502: 1044: 826: 803: 783: 13495:

A History of the Crusades:The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

7906: 6930: 5002:, pp. 144–45: "he city was a Canaanite royal center long before it became Israelite". 1963:

announced he would recruit troops from the local Muslim population. Hebron, headed by its

1051:, although the Hebron hills were almost devoid of settlements in the Late Bronze Age. The 8: 15632: 14551: 13204:"Details of Hebron Massacre: List of victims of the incident and subsequent disturbances" 13138: 13116:

The Origin Myths and Holy Places in the Old Testament: A Study of Aetiological Narratives

12673: 12520:

Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from AD 650 to 1500

12518: 11382: 10506:

The Crescent on the Temple: The Dome of the Rock as Image of the Ancient Jewish Sanctuary

10168: 9183: 8648: 8026: 6808: 5254:

Schafer-Lichtenberger (September 1, 1996). "Sociological views". In Volkmar Fritz (ed.).

4926: 4594: 4232: 4165: 4055: 3636: 2505:

and two other officers, 6 soldiers and 3 members of the security unit of Kiryat Arba) in

2147: 1844: 1677: 1540: 1511: 1389: 1273: 905: 889: 819: 495: 418: 212: 14684:. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from 14673: 14168:

The founding myths of Israel: nationalism, socialism, and the making of the Jewish state

13748: 12304:

A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel

11991: 11404: 10207:

The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions. Ahasan al-Taqasim Fi Ma'rifat al-Aqalim

9383: 7997: 5962: 5756:, p. 307 Runciman also (pp. 307–08) notes that Gerard of Avesnes was a knight from 2613:, still exists today. Hebron is also home to a small Samaritan community, after Nablus. 1932:. In 1833, a report on the town appearing in a weekly paper printed by the London-based 16179: 15158: 15117: 15035: 14745: 13621: 13455: 12931: 12766: 12419:

A Separate People: Jewish Women in Palestine, Syria, and Egypt in the Sixteenth Century

12286: 11956: 11685: 11503: 11343: 10880: 10622: 10479: 10232: 9279: 8702: 8559: 8194: 7418: 7391: 7190: 5072: 4742: 4310: 4084: 4051: 4032: 3692:

Hebron put the figure at 40,000 people employed in 1,200 shoe businesses. However, the

3669: 2606: 2587: 2583: 2535: 2506: 2463: 2408: 2386: 2371: 2359: 2345: 2250: 1907: 1637: 1441: 1425: 1277: 1252:, it remained administratively and politically dependent on Jerusalem for this period. 1052: 1001: 897: 771:, were buried in the cave. The city is also recognized in the Bible as the place where 709: 693: 506: 392: 375: 316: 251: 14608: 11844:. Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum. Vol. 3. Mohr Siebeck. pp. 91–138. 853:

Following Israeli occupation, Jewish presence was restored at in city. Since the 1997

16117: 16003: 15788: 15739: 14631: 14498: 14465: 14435: 14363: 14312: 14281: 14231: 14203: 14172: 14139: 14106: 14073: 13942: 13909: 13901: 13870: 13837: 13804: 13699: 13658: 13628: 13565: 13532: 13499: 13466: 13427: 13369: 13339: 13316: 13266: 13235: 13176: 13148: 13124: 13099: 13067: 13039: 13013: 12985: 12952: 12903: 12880: 12846: 12802: 12776: 12750: 12720: 12683: 12650: 12595: 12588: 12567: 12524: 12491: 12456: 12423: 12395: 12367: 12336: 12308: 12290: 12214: 12204: 12183: 12152: 12131: 12121: 12075: 12047: 12019: 11966: 11935: 11910: 11876: 11845: 11748: 11695: 11664: 11654: 11610: 11576: 11555: 11357: 11322: 11301: 11278: 11248: 11244:

Covenant and Polity in Biblical Israel: Biblical Foundations & Jewish Expressions

11227: 11199: 11169: 11141: 11113: 11063: 11053: 11012: 10984: 10949: 10918: 10890: 10859: 10851: 10814: 10793: 10759: 10731: 10682: 10654: 10626: 10618:

Terrorism and Tyranny: Trampling Freedom, Justice, and Peace to Rid the World of Evil

10591: 10538: 10510: 10489: 10458: 10427: 10388: 10367: 10336: 10308: 10298: 10275: 10242: 10211: 10180: 10094: 10021: 9994: 9967: 9869: 9666:"Watchdog: Expansion of Hebron settlements amounts to 'right of return for Jews only" 9553: 9384:"Living with Contradiction: Examining the Worldview of the Jewish Settlers in Hebron" 9360: 9333: 9249: 8775: 8573: 8520: 8510: 8381:

https://www.newarab.com/opinion/how-palestinians-came-reject-kurdish-demands-homeland

8276:"Confidential 20-year monitoring report: Israel regularly breaks int'l law in Hebron" 7977: 7814: 7217: 7039: 6735: 5757: 5261: 5082: 3965: 3870: 3574: 3551: 3547: 3483: 3386: 3339: 3291: 2706: 2634: 2523: 1875: 1848: 1548: 1370: 1269: 1103: 1032: 1011:

Archaeological excavations reveal traces of strong fortifications dated to the Early

795: 794:

built the wall that still surrounds the Cave of the Patriarchs, which later became a

751:

settled in Hebron and bought the Cave of the Patriarchs as burial place for his wife

470: 11691:

The tribes of Yahweh: a sociology of the religion of liberated Israel, 1250–1050 BCE

9776:"# THE FUNAMBULIST PAPERS 13 /// A Visit to The Old City of Hebron by Raja Shehadeh" 8921: 5719:, p. 78:"'The Castle of St. Abraham' was the generic Crusader name for Hebron." 4764: 2390:

with the utmost restraint and have not initiated any shooting attacks or violence."

1740:

Hebron was visited by some important rabbis over the next two centuries, among them

16277: 16144: 16126: 16064: 15757: 15752: 15725: 15642: 15525: 15502: 15460: 15418: 15368: 15129: 14934: 14050: 13450: 12363:

The Occupation of Justice: The Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories

12278: 11631: 11455: 11084: 9545: 9241: 8502: 7505: 7358: 7327: 6449:, p. 195 mentions a different set of names, the Quarter of the Cloister Gate ( 5387: 4731: 4299: 4145: 3920: 3866:, and another instance where an observer was deported after slapped a settler boy. 3804:

Official 1997 agreement map of Palestinian controlled H1 and Israeli controlled H2.

3709:

decided to impose an additional tax of 35% on products from China from April 2013.

2702: 2602: 2455: 2434: 2314: 2231: 1996:

wrote from Hebron that:"the gentiles here very much love the Jews. When there is a

1745: 1734: 1722: 1633: 1629: 1580: 1385: 1381: 1312:

who fought against the Edomites in 167 BCE. The city appears to have long resisted

1305: 1297: 1227: 1216: 1076: 964: 725: 582: 174: 13528:

A History of the Crusades:The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East 1100–1187

13291: 12710: 12479: 12298: 11838:"The Social Status of Slaves in the Talmud Yerushalmi and in Graeco-Roman Society" 10721: 10410: 7265: 7231: 3947: 1108: 16379: 16312: 15902: 15730: 15572: 15423: 15323: 15286: 15242: 15088: 14593: 14542: 14492: 14429: 14410: 14133: 14100: 14067: 13967:"Commission of Inquiry into the massacre at the tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron" 13864: 13831: 13798: 13723: 13693: 13652: 13559: 13555: 13526: 13522: 13493: 13489: 13363: 13333: 13170: 13142: 13089: 13061: 12677: 12450: 12330: 12329:

Kraemer, Joel L (2001). "The Life of Moses Ben Maimon". In Fine, Lawrence (ed.).

12251: 12208: 12041: 11929: 11925: 11870: 11742: 11720: 11716: 11658: 11570: 11549: 11463: 11459: 11351: 11275:

Cultural encounters with the environment: enduring and evolving geographic themes

11242: 11221: 11088: 10943: 10884: 10847: 10808: 10753: 10648: 10585: 10581: 10532: 10421: 10361: 10357: 10302: 10269: 10205: 10132: 10015: 9863: 9673: 9665: 9451: 9391: 9354: 9327: 9209:"Palestine: €36 million to build the Hebron regional waste water treatment plant" 8928: 8356: 7971: 7960:, Temporary International Presence in the City of Hebron website, March 27, 2002. 7913: 7687: 7406: 7387: 7167: 7058: 6982: 6893: 6506: 5255: 5181: 4896: 4336: 4220: 4200: 4006: 3917: 3863: 3555: 3471: 2593:

Hebron is also home to several ethnic minority and foreign diaspora communities.

2498: 2494: 2442: 2191: 1921: 1879: 1856: 1718: 1673: 1613: 1592: 1475:

Hebron was almost absent from Muslim literature before the 10th century. In 985,

1350: 1338: 1309: 1088: 929: 799: 791: 666: 630: 14705: 13681: 13402:

Biblical researches in Palestine, 1838–52. A journal of travels in the year 1838

13207: 8546: 4298:

was said to live, the legend implying that it might have been the birthplace of

3869:

The post-1967 settlement in Hebron was driven by theological doctrines from the

2047: 1137: 1059:

element, since the nomadic Kenites are said to have long occupied the city, and

16335: 16297: 16287: 16068: 15988: 15877: 15803: 15793: 15767: 15762: 15647: 15593: 15530: 15395: 14547:"Letter from the West Bank: In Hebron, renovation of holy site sets off strife" 14162: 13725:

Memoirs of My People: Jewish Self-portraits from the 11th to the 20th Centuries

13597: 13312:

Reinventing Jerusalem: Israel's Reconstruction of the Jewish Quarter after 1967

12872: 12514: 12357: 12173: 10835: 10727:

Hamidian Palestine: Politics and Society in the District of Jerusalem 1872–1908

10559: 8738:"Hebron, West Bank, PS Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data" 7842: 7797:"Letter from the West Bank: In Hebron, renovation of holy site sets off strife" 6897: 5446: 4332: 4267: 4247: 3970: 3908: 3890: 3874: 3765: 3727: 3554:, an Islamic university, was founded. In an attempt to enhance the view of the 2490: 2451: 2426: 2413: 2302: 2183: 2123: 1836: 1684: 1661: 1469: 1281: 1240:

to the east, Jerusalem to the north, the Negev and Egypt to the south, and the

1199:

called by God to relocate to Hebron and reign from there for some seven years (

1164: 807: 362: 14461:

Ethical tales from the kabbalah: stories from the kabbalistic ethical writings

13689: 13400: 12590:

West Bank Diary: Middle East Violence as Reported by a Former American Hostage

11815: 10485:

The itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela: critical text, translation and commentary

10153:[Sister and partner cities and municipalities] (in Serbian). Kraljevo. 9708: 9235: 8258: 4732:

Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017

4014:

protected tenancy rights there, were compelled to evacuate the zone after the

2733:

wells in the city. The water of springs and wells are not currently used. The

2032:) near the Cave of Machpelah; to its south, the Quarter of the Silk Merchant ( 16368: 16262: 16184: 15783: 15470: 15431: 15352: 15273: 15141: 15051: 14954: 14916: 14771: 14766: 14692: 14036: 13695:

The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ (175 BC – AD 135)

13685: 13589: 13057: 13053: 12836: 12792: 12446: 11602: 11007:. Vol. 2. Richard Bentley & Son (published for the Committee of the 9557: 9549: 9245: 8779: 8524: 8349:"Projected Mid -Year Population for Hebron Governorate by Locality 2017-2021" 4534: 4314: 4164:, consecrated in 1925. Hebron is one of the few cities to have preserved its 4137:

in the city's historic Jewish Quarter was built in 1540 and restored in 1738.

3982: 3933: 2714: 2686: 2670: 2502: 2411:

in the city with a road block with Hebrew inscription "מוות לערבים" meaning "

2370:. The event provided a major motivation for settlers near Hebron to join the 2339: 2082: 1944:, grape sugar, from the famous Dabookeh grapestock characteristic of Hebron. 1860: 1763: 1617: 1489: 1465: 1211:

has himself declared king and then raises a revolt against his father David (

806:, successive Muslim dynasties ruled Hebron from the 6th century CE until the 345: 332: 255: 125: 71: 15203: 14199:

Living Palestine: Family Survival, Resistance, And Mobility Under Occupation

12269:

Kraeling, E.G.H. (April 1925). "The Early Cult of Hebron and Judg. 16:1–3".

11109:

To Come to the Land: Immigration and Settlement in 16th-Century Eretz-Israel

11016: 10810:

The Emergence of Yehud in the Persian Period: A Social and Demographic Study

10177:

Cambridge Ancient History: The Middle East and Aegean Region c. 1380–1000 BC

7599:

Without Prejudice: The Eaford International Review of Racial Discrimination.

7154:. David began in Hebron, so settling Hebron would lead to final redemption." 6964:"Israel Supreme Court Rules Hebron Jews Can't Reclaim Lands Lost After 1948" 3619: 183: 145: 15657: 15652: 15224: 15207: 15191: 15061: 15056: 14939: 14896: 14811: 14806: 14635: 14434:. Cambridge Middle East library. Vol. 13. Cambridge University Press. 13998:

Travels or observations relating to several parts of Barbary and the Levant

13932: 13893: 13860: 13771: 13744: 13287: 12947:. In Botterweck, G. Johannes; Ringgren, Helmer; Fabry, Heinz-Josef (eds.). 12927: 10970: 10939: 10612: 10587:

Center of the Storm: A Case Study of Human Rights Abuses in Hebron District

10448: 10265: 10201: 9648:"Following settlers' demand, IDF removes Palestinian flag from Hebron roof" 8563: 8393: 8002: 4619: 4517: 4259: 4153: 4123: 3810: 3737: 3723: 3693: 2734: 2694: 2674: 2579: 2321: 2098: 2090: 2013: 1506: 1476: 1261: 893: 737: 86: 11816:"Ancient Toilet Reveals the Unique Way the Israelites Fought Idol-worship" 11406:

Stirring Times, or Records from Jerusalem Consular Chronicles of 1853–1856

9963:

The Fortress of the Raven: Karak in the Middle Islamic Period (1100 -1650)

3993:). In 1998, the government recognized it as a settlement, and in 2001 the 3798: 3535:

in the east. Urban sprawl had spread onto the surrounding hills by 1945.

2073: 1964: 1373:

in 135 CE, innumerable Jewish captives were sold into slavery at Hebron's

1036: 743:

It is considered one of the oldest cities in the Levant. According to the

660: 637: 109: 16282: 16059: 15950: 15882: 15541: 15507: 15278: 15229: 15214: 14944: 14816: 14776: 14519: 14277:

Mediene Remnants: Yiddish Sources in the Netherlands Outside of Amsterdam

14193: 12981:

The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700

12706: 12616: 12391:

The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine

12332:

Judaism in Practice: From the Middle Ages Through the Early Modern Period

12009: 11660:

The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967–1977

11318:

Settling in the hearts: Jewish fundamentalism in the occupied territories

10785: 10704: 10179:. Vol. 2 (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 98–116. 8793: 8600:

https://hlrn.org/img/documents/The_Geopolical_situation_in_Hebron_HIC.pdf

8143: 8098: 4331:

or "Table of Abraham" is attested to in the writings of the 11th century

4192: 3986: 3913: 3840: 3460:

Historically, the city consisted of four densely populated quarters: the

3449: 2710: 2530: 2458:, Palestinian cities were placed under the exclusive jurisdiction of the 2438: 2306: 2286: 2235: 2186:(Knesses Yisroel) relocated to Hebron, after consultations between Rabbi 1981: 1775: 1771: 1741: 1514:, the community was headed by Saadia b. Abraham b. Nathan, known as the " 1393: 1131: 1092: 1040: 1020: 870: 846: 815: 14069:

Reshaping Palestine: From Muhammad Ali to the British Mandate, 1831–1922

11273:. In Murphy, Alexander B.; Johnson, Douglas L.; Haarmann, Viola (eds.). 10790:

Reapproaching borders: new perspectives on the study of Israel-Palestine

4286:

and that the earth refilled after every digging. Legend also tells that

4209:

is home to Crusader pool, ruined Byzantine church and Crusader fortress.

2150:

in 1920. Most of Hebron was owned by old Islamic charitable endowments (

1818: 16267: 16209: 15444: 15309: 15198: 15181: 15136: 15113: 15109: 15105: 15080: 14979: 14969: 14949: 14926: 14786: 14412:

Triumph of survival: the story of the Jews in the modern era, 1650–1990

14359:

Triumph of survival: the story of the Jews in the modern era, 1650–1990

14353: 14302: 14102:

Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem

12179:

Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness

11866: 11769: 11738: 11400: 11378: 9730: 9146: 4501: 4080: 4037: 3981:. In 1807 the immigrant Sephardic Rabbi Haim Yeshua Hamitzri (Haim the 3886: 3769: 3757: 3672:

per day versus an average of 30 NIS per day in other Palestinian areas.

2722: 2718: 2310: 2025: 1733:

and much of coastal and interior Palestine ordered the construction of

1601: 1405: 1401: 1313: 1196: 1176: 1012: 451: 431: 57: 14665: 12148:

Society and settlement: Jewish land of Israel in the twentieth century

10565:

The Land of Promise: Notes of a Spring-journey from Beersheba to Sidon

9865:

Pilgrimage, sciences and Sufism: Islamic art in the West Bank and Gaza

6601:, a soup kitchen surviving into the present day and supervised by the 4483: 526: 16239: 16018: 15960: 15922: 15892: 15617: 15584: 15480: 15449: 15373: 15357: 15176: 15004: 14959: 14906: 14891: 14796: 14781: 14753: 14655: 13827: 13794: 13396: 13120: 12484:"New Aramaic Ostraca from Idumea and their Historical Interpretation" 12071:

The Modern Middle East: A Political History since the First World War

11554:. Translated by Ethel Broido. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 11545: 11196:

Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: a historical encyclopedia

7035:

Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia

6804:"Eyeing Nepal, experts warn Israel is unprepared for its own Big One" 4916: 4350: 3816:

Illustration showing areas H1 and H2 and adjacent Israeli settlements

3749: 3683: 3675: 3644: 3640: 3444: 2774: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2630: 2481: 2473: 2294: 2238:

and an armoured car unit to Hebron to reinforce them there. When the

2179: 1899: 1872: 1730: 1564: 1533: 1493: 1358: 1231: 1072: 1048: 1035:. It has been conjectured that Hebron might have been the capital of 885: 721: 717: 701: 697: 232: 165: 97: 13561:

A History of the Crusades:The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades

11872:

Sharing the Promised Land: a tale of Israelis and Palestinians Olive

10697:"Hebron, Area H-2: Settlements Cause Mass Departure of Palestinians" 8762:

Ighbareyeh, Jehad M. H.; Cano-Ortiz, Ana; E, Cano (March 17, 2022).

8177:"Hebron, Area H-2: Settlements Cause Mass Departure of Palestinians" 8092:"Hebron, Area H-2: Settlements Cause Mass Departure of Palestinians" 5212:

and the influence this has had on certain settlers in the West Bank.

900:

features narrow, winding streets, flat-roofed stone houses, and old

194: 16169: 15912: 15684: 15328: 15186: 15100: 14911: 14876: 14866: 14856: 14851: 14801: 14791: 13833:

1967. Israel, the War and the Year that Transformed the Middle East

13423:

Live by the Sword: Israel's Struggle for Existence in the Holy Land

13262:

City of Abraham: History, Myth and Memory: A Journey through Hebron

12452:

La question de Palestine: 1799–1922, l'invention de la terre sainte

12282: 11298:

The Impact of Gush Emunim: politics and settlement in the West Bank

11090:

The Life of Jesus: An assessment through modern historical evidence

9066:"Hebron, the wealthiest, most high-tech Palestinian Authority City" 9065: 6144:, pp. 89–90 gives the figures of 12,000 quadrupling to 46,000 4869: 4543: 4362: 4306: 4279: 4263: 4196: 4187: 3745: 3648: 2726: 2654: 2621: 2363: 2218: 2182:

government to draft yeshiva students into the army, the Lithuanian

2086: 1864: 1737:

to enlarge the prayer space for worshipers at the Ibrahimi Mosque.

1726: 1588: 1457: 1397: 1366: 1237: 1084: 15798: 13091:

Settling Hebron : Jewish Fundamentalism in a Palestinian City

10945:

Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917–1948

10454:

The Path to Geneva: The Quest for a Permanent Agreement, 1996–2004

10020:. Vol. 2. Jewish Publication Society of America. p. 47. 9184:"Feature: Palestinian recycling factory commits to ending e-waste" 7653:

In Hebron, Protecting Palestinians is Not an Israeli Soldier's Job

6145: 1357:, without bloodshed. The "little town" was later laid to waste by 912:. Hebron is also known as a regional educational and medical hub. 16345: 16219: 16051: 16022: 16013: 15998: 15978: 15970: 15576: 15475: 15465: 15344: 15124: 15076: 14964: 14901: 14886: 14841: 14761: 14740: 14573: 14045: 13898:"Palestine Under the Mameluks and the Ottoman Empire (1291–1918)" 12745:. In Lipschitz, Oded; Knoppers, Gary N.; Albertz, Rainer (eds.). 12625: 11820: 11778: 9694: 9652: 9632:"IDF brass calls for immediate removal of new Hebron settlement." 8941:

A ghetto state of ghettos: Palestinians under Israeli citizenship

8114:"Palestine Refugees: a challenge for the International Community" 7511: 7258:"Gov't bans Hebron settlers from winterizing controversial house" 6968: 5232:

to Judah; in Judges 1:20 and Joshua 14:13–14; 15:13–14" to Caleb.

4845: 4686:"Palestinian terrorist in killing of 6 Jews elected Hebron mayor" 4354: 4216: 4212: 4184: 4119: 4104: 4088: 3882: 2598: 1903: 1889: 1840: 1788: 1783: 1713: 1709: 1648: 1537: 1485: 1445: 1354: 1321: 1296:. Jews also appear to have lived there after the return from the 1223: 1208: 1184: 1172: 1112: 1028: 982: 933: 764: 748: 729: 14497:. Studies in Performance and Early Modern Drama. Penguin Group. 13750:

A Descriptive Geography and Brief Historical Sketch of Palestine

10509:. Brill's Studies in Religion and the Arts. Vol. 5. Brill. 10126:

History made as Derby becomes 'sister city' of Hebron, Palestine

8558: 8439: 7998:"Palestinian suicide bomber kills 20 and shatters peace process" 4661:, namely 'to join' may underlie part of the earlier name Kiryat- 4168:. Many structures were built during the period, especially Sufi 3623:

A loom at work making keffiyeh at the Hirbawi factory in Hebron.

1587:, and beside them were placed lamps of gold and of silver." The 16272: 16247: 16008: 15955: 15932: 15713: 15592: 15413: 15405: 15400: 15336: 15249: 15219: 15084: 15066: 14881: 14871: 14861: 14846: 14821: 12646:

The Other Lands of Israel: Imaginations of the Land in 2 Baruch

12621:"Border Police, Hebron's substitute for summer camp counselors" 10678:

E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume 4

10426:. New York & London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. 5463: 5101: 4551: 4526: 4346: 4341: 4275: 4064: 4059: 4041: 3844: 3719: 2682: 2678: 2666: 2658: 2258: 2063: 2020: 1895: 1793: 1779: 1706: 1681: 1672:, brought from England to settle the dangerous feuding between 1596: 1595:

in his chronicle also alludes at this time to the discovery of

1560: 1552: 1437: 1241: 1192: 1188: 1160: 1141: 1080: 1056: 1024: 948: 909: 901: 842: 833:

led to the emigration of the Jewish community from Hebron. The

379: 13908:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 272–322. 12951:. Vol. 13. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 164–167. 9690:"Israel Plans New Jewish Neighborhood in Hebron's Arab Market" 7538:"Jewish presence in Hebron is an indisputable historical fact" 7031: 4647:

The Hittite is Thy Mother: An Anatolian Approach to Genesis 23

3877:

and its people as holy, and believe that the messianic Age of

1420:

Hebron was one of the last cities of Palestine to fall to the

1159:

It is said to have been wrested from the Canaanites by either

621: 600: 591: 16353: 16327: 16154: 16134: 16041: 16033: 15983: 15942: 15927: 15917: 15869: 15679: 15439: 15237: 14974: 14836: 14706:

Ancient Canaanite and Biblical Hebron (Tel Rumeida) in Israel

14607: 13800:

Palestine, Complete; Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate

11168:. Studies in biblical literature. Vol. 135. Peter Lang. 10858:. Vol. 4. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 193–197. 10412:

Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922

10175:. In Eiddon, Iorwerth; Edwards, Stephen; Gadd, C. J. (eds.). 9707:

Elisha Ben Kimon, Yoav Zitun, Elior Levy (December 1, 2019).

7870:"Fatal Terrorist Attacks in Israel Since the DOP (Sep. 1993)" 7351:"Hebron settler mob caught on video clashing with IDF troops" 6176:(5,000 m²) plot where Hebron's wholesale market stands today. 6173: 5765: 5761: 4765:"Women Led Enterprise: Strategies to Revive Hebron's Economy" 4509: 4492: 4474: 4283: 4271: 4115: 4100: 4096: 4092: 3753: 3665: 3499: 2750: 2746: 2662: 2594: 2562:. The report claimed that Israel violated Article 49 of the 2057: 1937: 1797: 1753: 1660:

quarter still existed in the town during the early period of

1625: 1449: 1374: 1268:

presence after the 5th–4th centuries BCE, as the area became

1168: 1153: 1016: 960: 772: 760: 756: 752: 744: 733: 483: 437: 10534:

Crusader archaeology: the material culture of the Latin East

7380:"High alert in West Bank following Beit Hashalom evacuation" 7320:"Settlers threaten 'Amona'-style riots over Hebron eviction" 3627: 2404: 2277: 1327: 1126: 1055:

associated with Hebron are nomadic. This may also reflect a

15993: 15095: 14831: 13206:. Palestine Human Rights Information Center. Archived from 11004:

Tent Work in Palestine. A Record of Discovery and Adventure

10914:

Human rights in the Israeli-occupied territories, 1967–1982

9712: 9504: 9502: 8685:. Vol. November, 2016. Amman, Bethlehem and Tel Aviv: 8649:"Hebron | Ancient City, Palestinian Territory | Britannica" 4578: 4569: 4323: 4318: 4287: 4255: 4251: 4243: 4108: 3761: 3679:

Ein Sarah Street, Hebron Central Business District at night

3448:

King Faisal Street in Hebron was named in commemoration of

2152: 2040:) to the north-west; and further north, the Dense Quarter ( 1993: 1929: 1796:. This became an immense charitable establishment near the 1756: 1657: 1430: 1293: 1265: 1064: 896:

industry. The city is home to numerous shopping malls. The

787: 768: 612: 14666:

Collection of Palestinian articles on Hebron published by

13608:; Wynne, John Joseph; MacErlean, Andrew Alphonsus (eds.). 12712:

For the Land and the Lord: Jewish fundamentalism in Israel

9827:. ABC News. Associated Press. July 7, 2017. Archived from 9825:"Israelis outraged by UNESCO decision on Hebron holy site" 9803:"UNESCO declares Hebron, West Bank, a world heritage site" 9019: 9017: 9015: 9013: 9011: 8841: 8839: 8312: 8062:"Israeli NGO issues damning report on situation in Hebron" 7232:"80 years on, massacre victims' kin reclaims Hebron house" 6984:

The Road to Jerusalem: Glubb Pasha, Palestine and the Jews

2605:. Along with Jerusalem and Gaza, the city is also home to 14660: 13698:. Vol. 1. Continuum International Publishing Group. 13612:. Vol. 7. Robert Appleton company. pp. 184–186. 12422:. Brill's Series in Jewish Studies. Vol. 26. Brill. 12271:

The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures

6894:

Post-holocaust and anti-semitism – Issues 40–75 – Page 35

6721: 4361:

Jewish worship, that, she argues, effectively erases the

4345:— gave all visitors to Hebron a loaf of bread, a bowl of 3701: 3660: 3462: 1341:, king of Judea, built the wall that still surrounds the 11059:

Arab-Israeli Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric War

10423:

Harry H. Epstein and the Rabbinate as Conduit for Change

9861: 9499: 8623:"A Space for Nature: Wadi Al-Quff Nature Reserve | IUCN" 8235: 6905:

answered "in a soft voice, 'Oh no, it'll take two days."

6556:

Les Juifs d´Alexandrie, de Jaffa et de Jérusalem en 1865

2641:. Hebron is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of 2429:, violent episodes have been recurrent in the city. The 1415: 1195:, who ruled the city. Later, the biblical narrative has 755:. Biblical tradition holds that the patriarchs Abraham, 11572:

The Israel–Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War

11536:

Catedra: For the History of Eretz Israel and Its Yishuv

11430:. Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics. 1964. 11165:

The Social Location of the Visions of Amram (4Q543-547)

9990:

Encyclopedia of Religions Or Faiths of Man 1906, Part 2

9919: 9917: 9008: 8836: 8068:. Agence France-Presse. August 19, 2003. Archived from 7632: 7630: 6064: 2036:), inhabited by Jews; the Mamluk-era Sheikh's Quarter ( 1851:

in Spain in 1478, which ended centuries of the Iberian

977:) "Beloved of the Merciful" or "Friend of God". Arabic 11534:(in JSTOR) (חברון — עיר קודש אסלאמית 634–1099 לסה"נ) ( 10363:

Hebron Jews: Memory and Conflict in the Land of Israel

9709:"Bennett plans building Jewish neighborhood in Hebron" 8893: 8891: 7907:

Two Norwegian observers killed near Hebron: Israeli TV

2146:

Hebron on December 8, 1917; governance transited to a

1829:

The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia

1694:

destroyed the town, but left the sanctuary untouched.

861:. The city is often described as a "microcosm" of the 16430:

Populated places established in the 4th millennium BC

13964: 12818:"Settlers' Defiance Reflects Postwar Israeli Changes" 8761: 8440:"History Of Hebron | Hebron Rehabilitation Committee" 7838:"West Bank B&B in Hebron's Old City fully booked" 7715: 6731:

E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936

5524: 5522: 5253: 2377:

In the 1980s Hebron, became the center of the Jewish

1547:

and given, in turn, as the fief of Saint Abraham, to

11725:. Vol. 5. Jewish Publication Society of America 11342: 9914: 8569:

Encyclopedia of Prehistory: South and Southwest Asia

8327: 7627: 7318:

Shragai, Nadav; Zarchin, Tomer (November 17, 2008).

7150:, p. 151: "David's kingdom was a model for the 6368: 6108:

records of the Jewish population may be understated.

5153: 4294:

tradition, Hebron was one of the three cities where

2560:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

1902:

from the community were frequently sent overseas to

1886:. In 1659, Abraham Pereyra of Amsterdam founded the 1839:

along the southern Mediterranean coast under sultan

1640:

visited Hebron, referred to as in its Frankish name

1156:. Hebrew Bible narrative also describes the city. 673: 618: 615: 597: 594: 440:(74.102 km or 28.611 sq mi) 102: 91: 14676:

1839 Sephardic census of Ottoman-controlled Hebron.

13680: 12974: 12564:

E.J. Brill's first encyclopedia of Islam, 1913–1936

11907:

E.J. Brill's first encyclopedia of Islam, 1913–1936

9936:

Miscellanies of divinitie: divided into three books

8888: 8851: 8501:. OECD Economic Surveys: Euro Area. April 3, 2014. 6578: 6576: 5937: 5686: 5459: 4791:

by Josef W. Meri; p. 318; "Hebron(Khalil al-Rahman"

3997:approved the building of the first housing units. 609: 606: 588: 585: 15616: 13620: 13454: 13112: 12715:. New York: Council on Foreign Relations. p. 12587: 10755:This Heated Place: Encounters in the Promised Land 9897:"The Undiscovered Archaeological Riches of Hebron" 9438: 9436: 9434: 9432: 8217:"Israeli human rights group slams Hebron settlers" 7926: 7071: 7069: 6772: 6081: 6079: 5519: 5509: 5507: 5071: 4959: 4957: 4851: 4726: 4724: 4628:, Russian Orthodox monastery at the "Oak of Mamre" 4327:of the Ibrahimi Mosque was entrusted to them. The 2089:as part of the Sanjak of Jerusalem. By 1874, when 1536:lasted in the area until 1099, when the Christian 1464:). According to Anton Kisa, Jews from Hebron (and 15631: 14618:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). pp. 192–193. 14494:Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East 10647:Bratcher, Robert G; Newman, Barclay Moon (1983). 9454:, pp. 10–12. Alternative Information Center, 2004 8306: 7610: 7186:"Hebron Jews' offspring divided over city's fate" 6958: 6956: 6588: 1984:), but he managed to return to the area in 1848. 1882:community, in which he established the Sephardic 790:settled in Hebron. During the first century BCE, 16366: 13231:The Cross and the Pear Tree: A Sephardic Journey 13168: 12335:. Princeton University Press. pp. 413–428. 12203: 12096:Katz, Yaakov; Lazaroff, Tovah (April 14, 2007). 11194:. In Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E. (eds.). 9986: 9959: 9794: 7752:"Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron" 7636: 6881: 6679: 6619: 6573: 6532: 6530: 6489: 6487: 6285: 5627:, pp. 156–57. For an older translation see 5247: 4811: 4809: 3938:Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America 3923:. The operation was planned and financed by the 2661:and 89.8 kilometres (55.8 mi) northeast of 2653:and 68.4 kilometres (42.5 mi) northeast of 30:"Al-Khalil" redirects here. For other uses, see 14431:King Abdullah, Britain and the Making of Jordan 12747:Judah and the Judeans in the Fourth Century BCE 12546: 11923: 10304:The early modern Ottomans: remapping the Empire 10076: 9429: 8768:Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences 7794: 7613:"IDF: Palestinians offer $ 2,000 for 'martyrs'" 7404: 7066: 6508:History of the Jews of the Netherlands Antilles 6298: 6296: 6294: 6076: 5504: 5228:, Hebron's capture is attributed to Joshua; in 4954: 4721: 3664:$ 30 billion annually and the city trades with 1951:Northern Hebron in the mid-19th century (1850s) 1230:after Jerusalem, of seals with the inscription 920:The name "Hebron" appears to trace back to two 14990:From June 2007, the Gaza Strip has been under 14628:Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine 12926: 12486:. In Lipschitz, Oded; Oeming, Manfred (eds.). 12074:(2 ed.). University of California Press. 11842:The Talmud Yerushalmi and Graece-Roman Culture 10782:"Remembering Jewish-Arab Contact and Conflict" 10646: 9486: 9484: 9396:International Journal of Conflict and Violence 7969: 7317: 7183: 6953: 6727: 5241: 3824:Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron 3432:Source: Palestinian Meteorological Department 1521: 16116:Villages and fortresses destroyed during the 16101: 15844: 15557: 15020: 14726: 13866:Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae:A 13391: 12387: 11277:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 261–82. 11140:. Stanford University Dept. of Anthropology. 10650:A Translator's Handbook on the Book of Joshua 10408: 10381:Barnay, Jacob (1992). Goldblum, Naomi (ed.). 9399:. Vol. 1 (2). 2007. pp. 169–184, pp. 181–182. 9162:"visiting Royal Industrial Trading in Hebron" 8319:. American Sunday-School Union. p. 304. 8025:. Hamas claimed it marked the anniversary of 7790: 7788: 6821: 6766: 6703: 6527: 6484: 6302: 6046: 6022: 5716: 4889: 4806: 4459: 4246:place him in Hebron after his expulsion from 4079:is said to enclose the tombs of the biblical 3902: 3651:area. The H1 Area, which is under control of 1484:), was similar to the one established by the 981:thus precisely translates the ancient Hebrew 14390:The lands of the Bible visited and described 13765: 13066:. Continuum International Publishing Group. 13063:Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land 12775:. Wayne State University Press. p. 85. 12772:The Jew in the American world: a source book 12095: 10976:Year Zero of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: 1929 10792:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 41–66. 10297: 10200: 9378: 9376: 9329:The Palestinian refugees in Jordan 1948–1957 8257:. Christian Peacemaker Teams. Archived from 8132: 7928:"Two Norwegian observers killed near Hebron" 7862: 7524: 6505:Isaac Samuel Emmanuel, Suzanne A. Emmanuel. 6291: 6200:, p. 198. The source was a manuscript, 5624: 4657:, with the same meaning as the semitic root 4430:, is a famous dishes from the city of Hebron 4087:. The site is known for the burial place of 3854:An international unarmed observer force—the 3609:Panoramic view of residential area of Hebron 2138:British loyalty meeting in Hebron, July 1940 972: 837:saw the entire West Bank, including Hebron, 704:. Hebron is capital of West Bank's largest 655: 130: 76: 14694:Settlement Encroachments in Hebron Old City 13618: 13457:The Palestinians: in search of a just peace 13405:. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker and Brewster 13052: 13005: 12949:Theological dictionary of the Old Testament 12672: 12566:. Vol. VIII. Brill. pp. 646–648. 12488:Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period 11993:Palestine, the Rebirth of an Ancient People 11774:"The attack in Hebron was not a 'massacre'" 11409:. Vol. 2. Location: C.K. Paul & Co 10856:Theological dictionary of the Old Testament 9817: 9481: 8547:West Bank High Point, Palestinian Authority 8294: 8223: 5513: 5260:. Philip R. Davies. Bloomsbury Publishing. 5257:The Origins of the Ancient Israelite States 5105: 5059: 5023: 4987: 4975: 4678: 3833:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine 3779:COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine 2349:Israeli soldiers patrol an open-air market. 2301:to rule the area. In an attempt to reach a 16385:Bronze Age sites in the State of Palestine 16108: 16094: 15859:Towns and fortresses destroyed during the 15851: 15837: 15607: 15571: 15564: 15550: 15027: 15013: 14733: 14719: 14602: 13767:"Settlers' revenge leaves Hebron bleeding" 12513: 11531:Hebron — An Islamic Sacred City (634–1099) 10013: 9136: 9134: 9132: 9111: 9109: 9107: 9105: 8480:The Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem 7785: 5789: 5654: 5628: 5081:. Cambridge University Press. p. 18. 4454:The Old City of Hebron built in Mamluk era 3856:Temporary International Presence in Hebron 2649:, 43 kilometres (27 mi) southeest of 2556:Temporary International Presence in Hebron 2511:Temporary International Presence in Hebron 2441:, opened fire on Muslims at prayer in the 2093:visited Hebron under the auspices of the 1898:and throwing his body into a cesspit.> 1612:A royal domain, Hebron was handed over to 857:, most of Hebron has been governed by the 724:. The city is often considered one of the 14311:. Jewish Publication Society of America. 14161: 13627:. Jerusalem: KTAV Publishing House, Inc. 13587: 13554: 13521: 13488: 13449: 12144: 11931:Zionism and the Creation of a New Society 11909:. Vol. IV. Brill. pp. 886–888. 11896: 11653: 11502: 11434: 11133: 11052: 10879: 10580: 10089:Woodhead, Christine (December 15, 2011). 9594: 9463: 9423: 9414:. Columbia University Press. 2011. p. 72. 9373: 9280:"Successes Stories in Hebron Governorate" 9233: 9023: 8845: 8270: 8268: 8241: 8229: 7727: 7586: 7488: 7476: 7464: 7452: 7147: 7135: 7123: 7111: 7099: 7032:Michael Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (2007). 6631: 6554:, pp. 161–62 quoting David Delpuget 5913: 5820: 5777: 5753: 5588:, p. 155, citing Anton Kisa et al., 5528: 4789:Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index 4610:List of burial places of biblical figures 4290:planted his vineyard on Mount Hebron. In 2645:, 60.1 kilometres (37.3 mi) east of 27:City in the West Bank, State of Palestine 16445:Municipalities of the State of Palestine 14541: 14273: 14015: 13419: 12356: 12268: 11955: 11793: 11684: 11630: 11454: 10834: 10751: 10478: 10356: 10167: 10088: 9800: 9770: 9768: 9766: 9764: 9762: 9760: 9606: 9570: 9490: 9359:. Hoover Institution Press. p. 40. 9164:. The Excellence Center. October 4, 2018 8964: 8764:"Bioclimate of Hebron city in Palestine" 8552: 8434: 8360:Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 8344: 8342: 8191:"Mounting Human Rights Crisis in Hebron" 7807: 7286: 7223: 7087: 6169: 5877: 5441: 5383: 5280: 5221: 5141: 5047: 5011: 4863: 4827: 4739:Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 4407:A Palestinian woman from Hebron wearing 4231: 4036: 3946: 3732: 3682: 3674: 3626: 3618: 3537: 3443: 2620: 2480: 2472: 2403: 2344: 2320: 2276: 2222:Hebron in the 1960s under Jordanian rule 2217: 2133: 2046: 2007: 1946: 1817: 1456:) and the population to the east of the 1326: 1226:, the second most important city in the 1136: 1125: 14679: 14566: 14457: 14035: 13965:Commission of Inquiry (June 26, 1994). 13742: 13721: 13650: 13331: 13137: 12866: 12705: 12478: 12445: 12328: 12249: 12172: 12098:"Hebron settlers try to buy more homes" 12067: 12039: 11986: 11300:. London: Croom Helm. pp. 245–61. 11271:"Sharing Sacred Space in the Holy Land" 11083: 10040: 9891: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9758: 9756: 9754: 9752: 9750: 9748: 9746: 9744: 9742: 9740: 9535: 9475: 9325: 9142:"The decline of Hebron's shoe industry" 9129: 9117:"The decline of Hebron's shoe industry" 9102: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9052: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8978: 8976: 8813: 8811: 8796:. Palestinian Meteorological Department 8732: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8724: 8672: 8670: 8617: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8507:10.1787/eco_surveys-euz-2014-graph12-en 8466: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8422: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8414: 7289:"Hebron settlers try to buy more homes" 7255: 7229: 7207: 7205: 7179: 7177: 6643: 6567: 6551: 6521: 6493: 6466: 6386: 6362: 6338: 6326: 6314: 6213: 6117: 5986: 5925: 5856: 5832: 5692: 5498: 5429: 5371: 5359: 5335: 5323: 4800: 4317:'s domain; this was implemented during 4227: 3542:Sunset in the sky of Hebron Ras al-Jura 3478:) to the south and the Sheikh Quarter ( 2437:, an Israeli physician and resident of 2178:At this time following attempts by the 1813: 1440:, who visited the Holy Land during the 1349:, Hebron was captured and plundered by 1276:'s conquest, Hebron was throughout the 1098:The story of Abraham's purchase of the 43:Metropolis in State of Palestine Israel 14: 16367: 15034: 14487: 14427: 14405: 14383: 14301: 14251: 14223: 14192: 14095: 14065: 13931: 13892: 13859: 13361: 13224: 13169:Pedahzur, Ami; Perliger, Arie (2011). 13087: 13033: 12942: 12902: 12815: 12791: 12765: 12415: 12297: 12234: 12008: 11835: 11813: 11715: 11694:. Continuum International Publishing. 11568: 11480: 11465:The complete works of Flavius Josephus 11435:Flusfeder, Helena (January 24, 1997). 11268: 11240: 11189: 11030: 10997: 10806: 10779: 10720: 10611: 10502: 10447: 10419: 10380: 10150:Братски и партнерски градови и општине 10113: 10052: 9947: 9923: 9523: 9519: 9517: 9508: 9274: 9272: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9044: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9034: 9032: 8870: 8376: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8368: 8333: 8300: 8265: 7703: 7500: 7440: 7019: 6947: 6857: 6845: 6778: 6691: 6667: 6594: 6582: 6536: 6446: 6434: 6422: 6410: 6398: 6273: 6225: 6197: 6185: 6157: 6141: 6129: 6085: 6058: 6034: 6010: 5965:. 2011-11-07. Retrieved on 2012-03-02. 5949: 5901: 5808: 5741: 5680: 5585: 5552: 5486: 5347: 5312: 5296: 5177: 5117: 4999: 4963: 4948: 4914:Qur'an 4:125/Surah 4 Aya (verse) 125, 4839: 4649:, (1981) pp. 889-1026, argues that an 4114:The tombs of other biblical figures – 4071:The most famous site in Hebron is the 2745:in Hebrew located along the region of 2433:took place on February 25, 1994, when 2400:Israeli–Palestinian conflict in Hebron 2257:, voted in favour of becoming part of 2003: 1924:travellers to Palestine. For example, 1778:It was in this period, also, that the 1006: 700:, 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of 254:, Tomb of Ruth and Jesse, Nabi Yunis, 16089: 15832: 15545: 15008: 14714: 14518: 14128: 13906:A History of Israel and the Holy Land 13826: 13793: 13308: 13286: 13255: 13198: 12740: 12582: 12120: 11768: 11737: 11596: 11314: 11291: 11219: 11105: 10969: 10938: 10910: 10674: 10558: 10328: 10264: 10231: 9993:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 220. 9618: 9582: 9352: 9237:Peace Building through Women's Health 8952: 8909: 8897: 8882: 8499:OECD Economic Surveys: Euro Area 2014 8339: 7939:from the original on January 12, 2022 7894: 7611:Margot Dudkevitch (October 6, 2000). 7574: 7562: 7348: 7256:Shargai, Nadav (September 26, 2007). 7163: 7075: 6962:Chaim Levinsohn (February 18, 2011). 6914: 6869: 6790: 6754: 6655: 6374: 6097: 6070: 5998: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5205: 5193: 5129: 5035: 4885: 4883: 4815: 2637:, it lies 930 metres (3,050 ft) 2586:concentrated on the outskirts of its 2393: 2272: 2242:was signed, the city thus fell under 2055:In 1855, the newly appointed Ottoman 1915:other, upon the sepulchre of Abraham. 1416:Muslim conquest and Islamic caliphate 1316:, however, and indeed as late as the 1091:mentions that it was formerly called 14604:Macalister, Robert Alexander Stewart 14352: 14135:Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia 14016:Sherlock, Ruth (November 20, 2010). 14001:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: J. Ritchie 13991: 13461:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 12835: 12642: 12615: 11865: 11399: 11377: 11161: 10530: 10482:(1907). Adler, Marcus Nathan (ed.). 9882: 9849: 9737: 8973: 8808: 8721: 8667: 8604: 8457: 8411: 8017:"Ceasefire illusion just blown away" 7835: 7739: 7230:Shragai, Nadav (December 26, 2007). 7202: 7174: 6833: 6478: 6350: 6261: 6249: 5974: 5844: 5564: 5417: 5405: 5165: 4626:Abraham's Oak Holy Trinity Monastery 4237:Russian Orthodox Monastery in Hebron 4162:Abraham's Oak Holy Trinity Monastery 3439: 2450:Arab Hebronites. Following the 1995 1843:coincided with the establishment of 1429:city, Jerusalem's conqueror, Caliph 1308:, Hebron was burnt and plundered by 1255: 1181:Joshua 21:3–12; 1 Chronicles 6:54–56 1047:contemporary of Jerusalem's regent, 13657:. Institute for Palestine Studies. 13113:Niesiolowski-Spano, Lukasz (2016). 12816:Medina, Jennifer (April 22, 2007). 12015:I & II Chronicles: A Commentary 11962:The book of Genesis: chapters 18–50 11934:. University Press of New England. 11794:Hasasneh, Nabeel (March 15, 2005). 11544: 10271:Genesis: Translation and Commentary 10173:"The Amarna letters from Palestine" 10064: 9514: 9269: 9029: 8549:, Peakbagger, retrieved 2012-10-14. 8365: 8313:Frederick Adolphus Packard (1842). 7958:Two TIPH members killed near Hebron 6734:. Vol. 4. Brill. p. 887. 5889: 5704: 5601: 5540: 3788: 2597:have been living in the city since 2213: 1822:Hebron in 1839, after a drawing by 1528:Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1422:Islamic invasion in the 7th century 973: 940:, the original sense may have been 867:Israeli occupation of the West Bank 670: 656: 634: 131: 77: 24: 14332: 13234:. University of California Press. 13038:. Prosopographica et Genealogica. 11814:Hasson, Nir (September 29, 2016). 11800:Digi-arts. Unesco Knowledge Portal 11663:. Times Books, Henry Holt and Co. 11575:. University of California Press. 11468:. London: T. Nelson and sons, 1860 10948:. University of California Press. 10274:. W. W. Norton. pp. 886–888. 8922:About Founder of Hebron University 8861:, J. Nisbet and co., 1854. p. 395. 8391: 7916:, ABC News online, March 27, 2002. 7874:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7768: 6237: 5862: 5663: 5641: 5607: 4880: 4305:One Islamic tradition has it that 4195:village, is home to Byzantine-era 3687:Inside the Hebron City Center Mall 2629:Hebron is siuated on the southern 2293:Hebron along with the rest of the 2129: 1878:bought a courtyard from the small 1518:of the graves of the patriarchs." 1071:). or may reflect some Kenite and 25: 16461: 14644: 14567:Zbeedat, Nagham (April 8, 2024). 14340:. November 1833. pp. 433–440 14132:(1963) . Cook, Stanley A. (ed.). 13119:. Translated by Jacek Laskowski. 13036:The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem 12749:. Eisenbrauns. pp. 157–212. 12490:. Eisenbrauns. pp. 413–456. 12210:The Palestinian people: a history 11490:. Vol. 2 (2 ed.). Brill 10584:(2001). Bencomo, Clarissa (ed.). 9862:Museum With No Frontiers (2004). 9688:Hagar Shezaf (December 1, 2019). 9646:Chaim Levinson (March 17, 2014). 9356:The Jerusalem question, 1917–1968 8015:Ed O'Loughlin (August 21, 2003). 7996:Chris McGreal (August 20, 2003). 7795:Janine Zacharia (March 8, 2010). 7349:Harel, Amos (November 20, 2008). 7063:, Sir H. A. R. Gibb 1980. p. 337. 7008:Jerusalem: One City, Three Faiths 5460:Schürer, Millar & Vermes 1973 4242:Some Jewish traditions regarding 4140:Mosques from the era include the 2554:and land expropriation. In 2017, 714:third largest city in the country 415: • Head of Municipality 16435:4th-millennium BC establishments 15157: 15150: 14138:. Boston: Beacon Press reprint. 13096:University of Pennsylvania Press 13009:Canaan in the 2nd Millennium BCE 12798:Encyclopedia of the Palestinians 12366:. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. 12151:. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. 12130:. Wayne State University Press. 11551:A History of Palestine, 634–1099 11321:. Wayne State University Press. 10141: 10119: 10107: 10082: 10070: 10058: 10046: 10034: 10007: 9980: 9953: 9941: 9929: 9855: 9843: 9724:Yumna Patel (December 4, 2019). 9718: 9701: 9682: 9659: 9640: 9624: 9612: 9600: 9588: 9576: 9564: 9529: 9469: 9457: 9417: 9402: 9346: 9319: 9297: 9227: 9201: 9176: 9154: 9080: 9068:. the Jewish Community of Hebron 8958: 8946: 8934: 8915: 8903: 8876: 8864: 8823:academia--lab-com.translate.goog 8786: 8755: 8641: 8593: 8540: 8531: 8495:"Total central bank liabilities" 8487: 8385: 8247: 8209: 8183: 8169: 8156:David Shulman (March 22, 2013). 8150: 8106: 8084: 8054: 8032: 8009: 7990: 7973:Making Sense of Suicide Missions 7963: 7951: 7919: 7900: 7888: 7829: 7762: 7744: 7733: 7721: 7709: 7697: 7673: 7657: 7642: 7604: 7592: 7580: 7568: 7556: 7530: 7518: 7494: 7482: 7470: 7458: 7446: 7434: 7398: 7373: 7342: 7311: 7280: 7249: 7157: 7141: 7129: 7117: 7105: 7093: 7081: 7052: 7025: 7013: 7000: 6990: 6975: 6941: 6923: 6908: 6887: 6875: 6863: 6851: 6839: 6827: 6815: 6802:Ilan Ben Zion (April 27, 2015). 6796: 6784: 6760: 6748: 6709: 6697: 6685: 6673: 6661: 6649: 6637: 6625: 6613: 6561: 6545: 6515: 6499: 6472: 6460: 6453:);the Quarter of the Sanctuary ( 6440: 6428: 6416: 6404: 6392: 6380: 6356: 6344: 6332: 6320: 6308: 6279: 6267: 6255: 6243: 6231: 6219: 6207: 6191: 6179: 6163: 6151: 6135: 5154:Finkelstein & Silberman 2001 4890:Talmon-Heller, Daniella (2007). 4447: 4435: 4416: 4400: 4388: 4376: 4199:, built during the beginning of 3809: 3797: 3668:as well. The minimum wage is 50 3598: 2081:settled in Hebron. According to 1766:. The Jewish-Italian traveller, 1697: 1222:As is shown by the discovery at 1183:), who expels the three giants, 1079:. This suggests that behind the 763:, along with their wives Sarah, 581: 301: 294: 267: 248:Palestine Polytechnic University 231: 222: 211: 202: 193: 182: 173: 164: 153: 144: 14598:. Leipsig: Karl Baedeker. 1876. 14428:Wilson, Mary Christina (1990). 14258:Journal of a tour in the Levant 14230:. Westminster John Knox Press. 13775:. July 30, 2002. Archived from 12018:. Westminster John Knox Press. 11607:The Widening Circle of Genocide 11508:"An Exclusive Corner of Hebron" 11294:"Recent Colonization in Hebron" 11112:. University of Alabama Press. 10917:. Manchester University Press. 10911:Cohen, Esther Rosalind (1985). 10387:. University of Alabama Press. 9240:. Routledge. pp. 158–174. 8931:, Hebron University, 2010–2011. 7287:Katz, Yaakov; Lazaroff, Tovah. 7184:Tovah Lazaroff (May 17, 2006). 6123: 6111: 6091: 6052: 6040: 6028: 6016: 6004: 5992: 5980: 5968: 5955: 5943: 5931: 5919: 5907: 5895: 5883: 5850: 5838: 5826: 5814: 5802: 5783: 5771: 5747: 5735: 5722: 5710: 5698: 5595: 5579: 5570: 5558: 5546: 5534: 5492: 5480: 5453: 5435: 5423: 5411: 5399: 5377: 5365: 5353: 5341: 5329: 5317: 5306: 5290: 5274: 5235: 5215: 5199: 5187: 5171: 5159: 5147: 5135: 5123: 5111: 5095: 5065: 5053: 5041: 5029: 5017: 5005: 4993: 4981: 4969: 4942: 4908: 4866:, p. 195 compares Amorite 4857: 4833: 4745:. February 2018. pp. 64–82 4639: 4016:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre 3951:Abraham Avinu Synagogue in 1925 2607:Palestinians of Kurdish descent 2578:it had a population of 201,063 2569: 2431:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre 1624:was created along with that of 818:, when the city became part of 14464:. Jewish Publication Society. 14171:. Princeton University Press. 14072:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 13368:. Cambridge University Press. 13338:. Cambridge University Press. 13335:The Crusades, c. 1071– c. 1291 13144:Byzantium; The Early Centuries 12682:. Melbourne University Press. 12455:. Vol. 1. Paris: Fayard. 12388:Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987). 12307:. Princeton University Press. 11744:Inquisition; The Reign of Fear 11538:, issue 141, p. 27 – 52) 11062:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 10942:(2009) . Watzman, Haim (ed.). 10307:. Cambridge University Press. 10241:. Asian Educational Services. 10210:. Reading: Garnet Publishing. 10204:(2001). Collins, B. A. (ed.). 8994:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 8232:, pp. 5, 40–43, 48, 71–72 4821: 4794: 4782: 4771: 4757: 4704: 4309:alighted in Hebron during his 3764:and operates to this day. The 2362:occurred May 2, 1980, when an 1712:defeated the Mongol army, the 1207:. It was in Hebron again that 859:Palestinian National Authority 302: 13: 1: 14224:Towner, Wayne Sibley (2001). 14202:. Syracuse University Press. 13803:. Little, Brown and company. 13175:. Columbia University Press. 12842:Medieval Islamic Civilization 12523:. London: Alexander P. Watt. 12182:. Columbia University Press. 11487:Studies in Ancient Technology 11198:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 164–67. 10784:. In Sufian, Sandra Marlene; 9801:Adamczyk, Ed (July 7, 2017). 9408:Ami Pedahzur, Arie Perliger. 8042:. B'tselem. December 31, 2007 7817:. BBC News. December 10, 2009 4605:Palestinian Child Arts Center 4409:Palestinian traditional dress 4383:Al-Ahli Arab Hospital, Hebron 4160:owns the site and the nearby 4054:was a declared a Palestinian 3583:Hebron Polytechnic University 3474:, the Silk Merchant Quarter ( 3176:Average rainfall mm (inches) 2329:map of the area, showing the 2115:French Consulate in Jerusalem 1959:broke out in April 1834 when 1802:Obadiah ben Abraham Bartenura 1472:industry in the 9th century. 1260:After the destruction of the 1111:, an alliance with two local 1031:associates the city with the 924:, which coalesce in the form 884:, largely due to the sale of 14661:english Hebron.com – English 13722:Schwarz, Leo Walder (1963). 13588:Salaville, Sévérien (1910). 12213:. Harvard University Press. 10366:. Rowman & Littlefield. 9538:Journal of Palestine Studies 9090:. Palestine Center for Peace 7836:Ward, Hazel (May 23, 2011). 7637:Kimmerling & Migdal 2003 6882:Kimmerling & Migdal 2003 6680:Kimmerling & Migdal 2003 6620:Kimmerling & Migdal 2003 6286:Kimmerling & Migdal 2003 4712:"Hebron City Profile – ARIJ" 4672: 4191:), in south of Hebron, near 3860:Israeli Civil Administration 2669:. The city is surrounded by 2616: 2104:World Fair of 1873 in Vienna 1668:retook the city soon after. 1616:in 1161 and joined with the 1167:as a whole, or specifically 915: 892:workshops, metalworking and 863:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 851:Israeli military occupation. 119:Hebrew transcription(s) 65:Arabic transcription(s) 7: 16415:Historic Jewish communities 14630:. London: J. Murray. 1858. 13651:Schölch, Alexander (1993). 12984:. Oxford University Press. 12867:Micheau, Françoise (2006). 12643:Lied, Liv Ingeborg (2008). 11840:. In Schäfer, Peter (ed.). 11719:(1895). Löwy, Bella (ed.). 10807:Carter, Charles E. (1999). 10409:Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). 8990:"The Hebron most don't see" 7976:. OUP Oxford. p. 113. 5462:, p. 553 n.178 citing 4588: 3925:Movement for Greater Israel 3569:(also called Lower Hebron, 3036:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2896:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2582:in 2017, and seven hundred 2166:earthquake struck Palestine 2067:("district") of Jerusalem, 1855:(coexistence). The ensuing 1522:Crusader and Ayyubid period 922:northwest Semitic languages 820:British Mandatory Palestine 674: 661: 638: 464:2,700/km (7,000/sq mi) 110: 103: 92: 10: 16466: 15389:Kheroshewesh Wal Hadedeyah 15376:• Umm Lasafa • Wadi Ubeid) 15075:(incl: Arab al-Fureijat • 14274:Van Luit, Tehilah (2009). 14261:. Vol. 2. John Murray 14041:"A window on the massacre" 13743:Schwarz, Yehoseph (1850). 13728:. New York: Schocken Books 13172:Jewish Terrorism in Israel 12250:Kosover, Mordecai (1966). 12207:; Migdal, Joel S. (2003). 12145:Kellerman, Aharon (1993). 11897:Honigmann, Ernst (1993) . 11836:Hezser, Catherine (2002). 11597:Glick, Leonard B. (1994). 11528:Frenkel, Yehoshua (2011). 11437:"Hebron welcomes pull-out" 11296:. In Newman, David (ed.). 11247:. Transaction Publishers. 11241:Elazar, Daniel E. (1998). 11134:De Cesari, Chiara (2009). 10758:. Douglas & McIntyre. 10752:Campbell, Deborah (2004). 10653:. United Bible Societies. 10415:. Government of Palestine. 10301:; Goffman, Daniel (2007). 10160: 9411:Jewish Terrorism in Israel 8398:World History Encyclopedia 8316:The Union Bible Dictionary 7935:. London. March 26, 2002. 7716:Commission of Inquiry 1994 7060:The Encyclopaedia of Islam 6288:, pp. 6–11, esp. p. 8 5242:Bratcher & Newman 1983 5104:10:3, 5, 3–39; 12:10, 13. 4615:List of people from Hebron 4460:Twin towns / sister cities 4369: 4030: 4026: 4021: 3903:Occupation and settlements 3889:, and the entrance to the 3614: 3431: 2772: 2756: 2548:Christian Peacemaker Teams 2397: 2244:Jordanian military control 2162:fifth Palestinian Congress 2095:Palestine Exploration Fund 1978:Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha 1525: 1363:Sextus Vettulenus Cerialis 999: 995: 849:, the city has been under 802:. With the exception of a 496:UNESCO World Heritage Site 408:City / Municipality type A 382:(H2 area military control) 315:Location of Hebron within 32:Al-Khalil (disambiguation) 29: 16344: 16326: 16238: 16125: 16050: 16032: 15969: 15941: 15868: 15776: 15738: 15712: 15701: 15583: 15516: 15258: 15167: 15148: 15042: 14988: 14925: 14752: 14701:Settlements on GoogleMaps 13619:Scharfstein, Sol (1994). 12594:. Hope Publishing House. 11569:Gelvin, James L. (2007). 10981:Brandeis University Press 10780:Campos, Michelle (2007). 10093:. Routledge. p. 73. 9987:J. G. R. Forlong (2003). 9960:Marcus Milwright (2008). 9353:Bovis, H. Eugene (1971). 8572:. Vol. 8. Springer. 8022:The Sydney Morning Herald 7426:Cite uses generic title ( 7213:The Philadelphia Inquirer 7038:. ABC-CLIO. p. 165. 6599:shorabat Sayyidna Ibrahim 6303:Robinson & Smith 1856 6047:Robinson & Smith 1856 6023:Robinson & Smith 1856 5717:Robinson & Smith 1856 4873:. Two roots are in play, 4099:, along with their wives 3975:Sephardi Jews from Turkey 3631:Industrial area of Hebron 3384: 3337: 3289: 3245: 3175: 3105: 3035: 2965: 2895: 2825: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2773:Climate data for Hebron, 1970:at least five were killed 1618:Seigneurie of Transjordan 1604:visited Hebron and wrote, 1380:The city was part of the 1248:to the west. Lying along 570: 562: 554: 544: 532: 522: 512: 507:Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town 502: 493: 489: 479: 468: 460: 449: 444: 429: 424: 414: 403: 398: 386: 371: 361: 326: 289: 281: 263: 138: 123: 118: 84: 69: 64: 55: 48: 16440:Former national capitals 14668:"This Week in Palestine" 14362:. Mesorah Publications. 14105:. New York: SUNY Press. 13420:Rothrock, James (2011). 13034:Murray, Alan V. (2000). 12930:(1876). Sauvaire (ed.). 12068:Kamrava, Mehran (2010). 12040:Jericke, Detlef (2003). 11513:New York Review of Books 11269:Emmett, Chad F. (2000). 11226:. Taylor & Francis. 11190:Dumper, Michael (2003). 11162:Duke, Robert R. (2010). 11040:. Vol. 1. J. Duncan 10531:Boas, Adrian J. (1999). 10488:. Oxford: Henry Frowde. 10420:Bauman, Mark K. (1994). 10149: 9780:THE FUNAMBULIST MAGAZINE 9550:10.1525/jps.2003.33.1.68 9332:. Routledge. p. 2. 9246:10.4324/9781003163657-12 8566:, ed. (March 31, 2003). 8255:"History/Mission of CPT" 8162:New York Review of Books 7405:Charles Reynell (1972). 6558:, Bordeaux, 1866, p. 26. 5444:, p. 701 Josephus, 4632: 3548:Hebron-Jerusalem highway 2564:Fourth Geneva Convention 2226:At the beginning of the 1492:described Hebron in his 1392:. The Byzantine emperor 1146:Württemberg State Museum 904:. It is recognized as a 831:Arab uprising of 1936–39 273:Municipal Seal of Hebron 16405:Cities in the West Bank 14615:Encyclopædia Britannica 14458:Wineman, Aryeh (1999). 14338:Religious Tract Society 14066:Sicker, Martin (1999). 13362:Robins, Philip (2004). 13088:Neuman, Tamara (2018). 13006:Na'aman, Nadav (2005). 12801:. Infobase Publishing. 12741:Magen, Yitzakh (2007). 12238:Revue de l'Orient Latin 11996:. New York: A. A. Knopf 11599:"Religion and Genocide" 11387:. London: James Nisbett 11315:Feige, Michael (2009). 11106:David, Abraham (2010). 10568:. James Nisbet & Co 10503:Berger, Pamela (2012). 9868:. Édisud. p. 200. 9382:Hanne Eggen Røislien, 7970:Diego Gambetta (2006). 7815:"The Geneva Convention" 7681:What About The Victims? 7515:. p. 409, notes 55, 56. 6728:M. Th. Houtsma (1993). 6605:, and that of the Sufi 6025:, pp. 440–42, n.1. 5576:Frenkel, 2011, p. 28–29 5396:, Bk. 12, ch.8, para.6. 5393:Antiquities of the Jews 4976:Negev & Gibson 2001 4852:Niesiolowski-Spano 2016 4158:Russian Orthodox Church 4135:Abraham Avinu Synagogue 4011:military administration 3957:Abraham Avinu Synagogue 3942:negotiations with Egypt 3700:between Israel and the 2625:Grape farming in Hebron 2489:Over the period of the 2255:Muhamad 'Ali al-Ja'bari 2204:Palestinian Arab revolt 2196:Moshe Mordechai Epstein 1934:Religious Tract Society 1884:Abraham Avinu Synagogue 1622:episcopal see of Hebron 1591:nobleman and historian 1573:Baldwin II of Jerusalem 1121:masters of the covenant 36:Hebron (disambiguation) 16450:Holy cities of Judaism 15861:First Jewish–Roman War 15809:Joshua the High Priest 15306:Deir al-'Asal al-Tahta 15302:Deir al-'Asal al-Fauqa 14039:(September 23, 2008). 13332:Richard, Jean (1999). 13309:Ricca, Simone (2007). 11875:. Olive Branch Press. 11441:Times Higher Education 11356:. Simon and Schuster. 11223:Urbanization in Israel 11220:Efrat, Elisha (1984). 10590:. Human Rights Watch. 9966:. Brill. p. 119. 9901:This Week in Palestine 9088:"Ceramics from Hebron" 8819:"Hebrón _ AcademiaLab" 6204:, vol. ii, pp. 232–33. 6202:The Travels of Ali Bey 5283:, p. 173, citing 5168:, pp. 154–62, 162 4561:Saint-Pierre-des-Corps 4239: 4133:The early Ottoman-era 4077:Herodian era structure 4073:Cave of the Patriarchs 4047: 3952: 3741: 3707:Palestinian government 3688: 3680: 3637:minerals and resources 3632: 3624: 3543: 3457: 2626: 2486: 2478: 2418: 2368:Tomb of the Patriarchs 2350: 2334: 2282: 2249:In December 1948, the 2223: 2173:Supreme Muslim Council 2139: 2052: 2016: 1961:Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt 1952: 1917: 1857:expulsions of the Jews 1832: 1811: 1760:Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya 1610: 1569:Baldwin I of Jerusalem 1347:First Jewish–Roman War 1343:Cave of the Patriarchs 1334: 1332:Cave of the Patriarchs 1318:First Jewish–Roman War 1272:, and, in the wake of 1149: 1134: 1100:Cave of the Patriarchs 1015:, covering some 24–30 804:brief Crusader control 284:City of the Patriarchs 244:Cave of the Patriarchs 15292:Beit ar-Rush al-Fauqa 15283:Beit ar-Rush al-Tahta 14656:Photographs of Hebron 14522:(February 26, 1994). 13202:(February 25, 1994). 12943:Mulder, M.J. (2004). 12912:. London: John Murray 12416:Lamdan, Ruth (2000). 11772:(November 17, 2002). 11506:(February 23, 2012). 11292:Falah, Ghazi (1985). 10675:Brill, E. J. (1993). 10329:Alimi, Eitan (2013). 9609:, pp. 40, 45, 79 9326:Plascov, Avi (2008). 8742:weatherandclimate.com 8472:"Hebron City Profile" 8124:on October 17, 2006. 7850:on September 12, 2012 6457:), to the south-east. 5338:, pp. 26ff., 31. 5208:, p. 46, citing 4235: 4046:in Old City of Hebron 4040: 3979:Israeli Supreme Court 3950: 3929:Israeli Supreme Court 3873:, which consider the 3839:in Palestine and the 3837:Arab Higher Committee 3736: 3686: 3678: 3653:Palestinian Authority 3630: 3622: 3541: 3490:(the Jewish Quarter, 3447: 2766:January and February. 2624: 2603:conquest of Palestine 2529:Israeli organization 2484: 2476: 2468:Israel Defense Forces 2460:Palestinian Authority 2423:Palestinian Authority 2407: 2348: 2324: 2289:in June 1967, Israel 2280: 2228:1948 Arab–Israeli War 2221: 2137: 2050: 2011: 1990:rabbi Abraham Gershon 1957:Arab peasants' revolt 1950: 1926:Ulrich Jasper Seetzen 1912: 1835:The expansion of the 1821: 1806: 1768:Meshullam of Volterra 1748:(1322) who noted the 1666:Richard the Lionheart 1606: 1330: 1320:was still considered 1140: 1129: 1115:clans who became his 928:, having reflexes in 845:, and since the 1967 835:1948 Arab–Israeli War 696:city in the southern 346:31.52861°N 35.09694°E 15814:Esther and Mordechai 14744:administered by the 14393:. Vol. 1. White 14334:"The Weekly Visitor" 14308:Legends of Palestine 13623:Understanding Israel 12877:Eastern Christianity 11636:"Among The Settlers" 11384:Byeways in Palestine 10480:Benjamin (of Tudela) 10077:Levi della Vida 1993 9466:, pp. 205, 359. 9444:Occupation in Hebron 8687:EcoPeace Middle East 8261:on October 11, 2008. 8197:on November 15, 2008 7876:. September 24, 2000 7758:on October 24, 2007. 7666:, February 3, 2020, 6451:Harat Bab ez Zawiyeh 5938:Murphy-O'Connor 1998 5590:Das Glas im Altertum 5450:, Bk 4, ch. 9, p. 9. 4228:Religious traditions 3715:Israeli restrictions 3454:king of Saudi Arabia 2826:Record high °C (°F) 2540:Breaking the Silence 2454:and subsequent 1997 2263:Abdullah I of Jordan 2200:1929 Hebron massacre 2079:Karlin Hasidic court 2061:("governor") of the 2051:Jews in Hebron, 1921 1814:Early Ottoman period 1557:Kingdom of Jerusalem 1545:Kingdom of Jerusalem 1053:Abrahamic traditions 839:occupied and annexed 784:Babylonian captivity 518:Cultural: ii, iv, vi 461: • Density 16420:Hebrew Bible cities 14688:on January 5, 2014. 14595:Palestine and Syria 14552:The Washington Post 14053:on October 28, 2008 13977:on January 12, 2013 13779:on October 21, 2007 13365:A History of Jordan 12976:Murphy-O'Connor, J. 12548:Levi della Vida, G. 12108:on January 11, 2012 11796:"Hebron University" 11747:. Macmillan Press. 10014:Zev Vilnay (1975). 8282:. December 17, 2018 8072:on October 21, 2007 8027:Denis Michael Rohan 7933:The Daily Telegraph 7801:The Washington Post 7694:, May 1994, pp 3–6. 7395:. December 4, 2008. 7299:on January 11, 2012 7198:on August 16, 2011. 6987:. 2003. pp. 186–87. 6931:"The Tangled Truth" 6917:, pp. 325–26: 6809:The Times of Israel 6481:, pp. 305–308. 5728:Avraham Lewensohn. 5476:Chronicon paschale. 5299:, p. 148. See 4951:, p. 194 n.220 4929:on October 27, 2009 4690:The Times of Israel 4595:Shabab Al-Khalil SC 4258:there. A third has 4166:Mamluk architecture 4142:Sheikh Ali al-Bakka 4056:World Heritage Site 3783:Ministry of Economy 3698:1994 Paris Protocol 3246:Average rainy days 3106:Record low °C (°F) 2966:Daily mean °C (°F) 2299:military government 2004:Late Ottoman period 1847:commissions by the 1750:old Jewish cemetery 1670:Richard of Cornwall 1647:The Kurdish Muslim 1541:Godfrey de Bouillon 1431:Omar ibn al-Khattab 1390:Diocese of the East 1314:Hasmonean dominance 1274:Alexander the Great 1270:Achaemenid province 1007:Bronze and Iron Age 974:إبراهيم خليل الرحمن 906:World Heritage Site 419:Tayseer Abu Sneineh 378:(civil governance) 363:Palestine grid 342: / 258:and Downtown Hebron 16375:Hebron Governorate 16293:Ḥorvat Abu a-Danin 15380:Khallet al-Masafer 15072:Hebron (al-Khalil) 15036:Hebron Governorate 14746:State of Palestine 14651:www.hebron-city.ps 12822:The New York Times 12679:My Israel Question 12102:The Jerusalem Post 10623:Palgrave Macmillan 10131:2015-09-23 at the 9782:. October 24, 2011 9679:. August 22, 2016. 9672:2016-09-17 at the 9450:2016-01-05 at the 9390:2015-10-02 at the 8927:2012-10-16 at the 8794:"Climate Bulletin" 8653:www.britannica.com 8560:Peter N. Peregrine 8355:2021-02-27 at the 7912:2007-10-21 at the 7686:2016-03-04 at the 7623:on August 3, 2009. 7617:The Jerusalem Post 7544:. November 4, 2011 7467:, pp. 162–63) 7392:The Jerusalem Post 7386:2011-09-29 at the 7293:The Jerusalem Post 7191:The Jerusalem Post 7006:Armstrong, Karen, 6836:, pp. 138–39, 6822:Kupferschmidt 1987 6767:Kupferschmidt 1987 6706:, pp. 110–11. 6704:Kupferschmidt 1987 6570:, pp. 161–62. 6469:, pp. 236–37. 6425:, pp. 198–99. 6365:, pp. 234–35. 6341:, pp. 398–400 6329:, pp. 398–99. 6073:, pp. xv–xix. 5977:, pp. 362–63. 5952:, pp. 117–18. 5073:Joseph Blenkinsopp 4743:State of Palestine 4651:Indo-European root 4292:medieval Christian 4240: 4052:Old City of Hebron 4048: 4033:Old City of Hebron 3953: 3742: 3689: 3681: 3633: 3625: 3544: 3458: 2627: 2544:Mustafa Abdel Nabi 2536:Human Rights Watch 2487: 2479: 2477:Old City of Hebron 2464:Old City of Hebron 2419: 2409:Racial segregation 2394:Division of Hebron 2387:Shamgar Commission 2372:Jewish Underground 2351: 2335: 2331:Israeli occupation 2283: 2273:Israeli occupation 2251:Jericho Conference 2224: 2188:Nosson Tzvi Finkel 2168:on July 11, 1927. 2140: 2109:A report from the 2053: 2017: 1953: 1833: 1804:wrote around 1490: 1638:Benjamin of Tudela 1426:Rashidun Caliphate 1353:, a leader of the 1335: 1278:Hellenistic period 1150: 1135: 1002:Timeline of Hebron 898:Old City of Hebron 710:Hebron Governorate 503:Official name 484:www.hebron-city.ps 376:State of Palestine 351:31.52861; 35.09694 16395:13 Kohanic cities 16362: 16361: 16303:Khirbet Badd ‘Isa 16118:Bar Kokhba revolt 16083: 16082: 15826: 15825: 15822: 15821: 15740:Judea and Samaria 15697: 15696: 15693: 15692: 15670: 15669: 15666: 15665: 15539: 15538: 15377: 15295: 15246: 15234: 15211: 15195: 15133: 15121: 15092: 15002: 15001: 14674:Sephardic Studies 14545:(March 8, 2010). 14504:978-0-14-311489-5 14471:978-0-8276-0681-4 14441:978-0-521-39987-6 14369:978-0-89906-498-7 14318:978-0-827-60004-1 14287:978-9-004-15625-8 14237:978-0-664-25256-4 14209:978-0-815-63107-1 14178:978-0-691-00967-4 14145:978-0-8264-1526-4 14112:978-0-7914-5352-0 14079:978-0-275-96639-3 13948:978-90-04-15780-4 13915:978-0-8264-1526-4 13876:978-90-04-10833-2 13843:978-0-349-11595-5 13810:978-4-444-40801-1 13705:978-0-567-02242-4 13664:978-0-88728-234-8 13634:978-0-88125-428-0 13571:978-0-521-34772-3 13564:. Penguin Books. 13538:978-0-521-34771-6 13531:. Penguin Books. 13505:978-1-78292-436-4 13498:. Penguin Books. 13472:978-1-58826-225-7 13433:978-1-449-72519-8 13426:. WestBow Press. 13375:978-0-521-59895-8 13345:978-0-521-62566-1 13322:978-1-84511-387-2 13293:The life of Jesus 13272:978-1-447-21330-7 13265:. Pan Macmillan. 13241:978-0-520-20652-6 13182:978-0-231-15447-5 13154:978-0-394-53778-8 13130:978-1-134-93830-8 13105:978-0-812-24995-8 13073:978-0-14-311489-5 13045:978-1-9009-3403-9 13019:978-1-575-06113-9 12991:978-0-19-288013-0 12958:978-0-8028-2337-3 12886:978-0-521-81113-2 12852:978-0-415-96690-0 12808:978-0-8160-6986-6 12782:978-0-814-32548-3 12756:978-1-575-06130-6 12726:978-0-87609-036-7 12689:978-0-522-85418-3 12656:978-9-004-16556-4 12619:(July 31, 2012). 12601:978-1-932717-03-7 12573:978-90-04-09796-4 12530:978-1-143-27239-4 12497:978-1-57506-104-7 12462:978-2-213-60349-0 12429:978-9-004-11747-1 12401:978-9-004-07929-8 12373:978-0-7914-5338-4 12342:978-0-691-05787-3 12314:978-0-691-15007-9 12220:978-0-674-01129-8 12189:978-0-231-10515-6 12158:978-0-7914-1295-4 12137:978-0-8143-2915-3 12081:978-0-520-94753-5 12053:978-90-04-12939-9 12025:978-0-664-22641-1 11972:978-0-8028-2309-0 11941:978-1-58465-023-2 11916:978-90-04-09790-2 11882:978-1-566-56319-2 11851:978-0-567-02242-4 11754:978-1-4050-8873-2 11701:978-1-84127-026-5 11670:978-0-8050-8241-8 11616:978-1-412-83965-5 11582:978-0-521-88835-6 11456:Josephus, Flavius 11363:978-0-7432-2338-6 11328:978-0-8143-2750-0 11307:978-0-7099-1821-9 11284:978-0-7425-0106-5 11254:978-0-7658-0452-5 11233:978-0-7099-0931-6 11205:978-1-57607-919-5 11175:978-1-4331-0789-4 11147:978-0-549-98604-1 11119:978-0-817-35643-9 11069:978-0-275-99186-9 10990:978-1-611-68811-5 10955:978-1-55054-967-6 10924:978-0-7190-1726-1 10896:978-81-85250-14-4 10865:978-0-8028-2328-1 10820:978-1-84127-012-8 10799:978-0-7425-4639-4 10765:978-1-55054-967-6 10737:978-90-04-20569-7 10688:978-90-04-09796-4 10660:978-0-8267-0105-3 10632:978-1-403-96682-7 10597:978-1-56432-260-9 10544:978-0-415-17361-2 10516:978-9-004-20300-6 10495:978-0-8370-2263-5 10464:978-0-9719206-3-7 10457:. Akashic Books. 10433:978-0-8386-3541-4 10394:978-0-817-30572-7 10373:978-0-742-56617-0 10342:978-1-134-17182-8 10314:978-0-521-81764-6 10281:978-0-393-03981-8 10248:978-8-120-60952-5 10238:Jewish Travellers 10217:978-1-85964-136-1 10186:978-0-521-08691-2 10100:978-1-136-49894-7 10091:The Ottoman World 10027:978-0-8276-0064-5 10000:978-0-7661-4308-1 9973:978-90-04-16519-9 9926:, pp. 170–72 9875:978-9953-36-064-5 9677:Ma'an News Agency 9630:Levinson, Chaim. 9621:, pp. 79–80. 9573:, pp. 117–18 9511:, pp. 79–80. 9478:, p. 205 n.1 9366:978-0-8179-3291-6 9339:978-0-7146-3120-2 9255:978-1-003-16365-7 9150:. March 13, 2013. 9026:, pp. 230–33 8996:. August 22, 2018 8900:, pp. 112–13 8848:, pp. 235–36 8516:978-92-64-20688-5 8392:Denova, Rebecca. 7983:978-0-19-929797-9 7692:Lies of Our Times 7679:Nabeel Abraham, 7651:, June 22, 2020, 7525:The Scotsman 2002 7361:on April 20, 2010 7268:on August 3, 2009 7220:", March 3, 1997. 7152:messianic kingdom 7114:, pp. 138–39 7102:, pp. 80–83. 7045:978-1-57607-919-5 6793:, pp. 19–20. 6781:, pp. 12–14. 6741:978-90-04-09790-2 6353:, pp. 287ff. 5963:History of Hebron 5811:, pp. 447ff. 5625:Al-Muqaddasi 2001 5267:978-0-567-60296-1 5088:978-0-521-08368-3 5078:Gibeon and Israel 4978:, pp. 225–5. 4741:(PCBS) (Report). 4207:Khirbet al–Karmil 4003:Plugat Hamitkanim 3966:Al-Shuhada Street 3871:Mercaz HaRav Kook 3694:1993 Oslo Accords 3552:Hebron University 3531:to the south and 3484:Cave of Machpelah 3468:Harat al-Masharqa 3456:from 1964 to 1975 3440:Urban development 3436: 3435: 3387:possible sunshine 3292:relative humidity 2707:Judaean Mountains 2635:Judaean Mountains 2633:. Nestled in the 2524:Al-Shuhada Street 2360:A violent episode 2297:, establishing a 2261:and to recognise 2236:Arab Legionnaires 2208:UN partition vote 2021:Lubavitch Hasidic 1888:Hesed Le'Abraham 1876:Malkiel Ashkenazi 1849:Catholic Monarchs 1642:St. Abram de Bron 1549:Geldemar Carpinel 1371:Bar Kokhba revolt 1256:Classic antiquity 1069:bnê/ylîdê hāʿănaq 959:derives from the 951:name for Hebron, 657:خَلِيل الرَّحْمَن 574: 573: 404: • Type 16:(Redirected from 16457: 16400:Cities of refuge 16390:Canaanite cities 16240:Judean Foothills 16127:Judean Mountains 16110: 16103: 16096: 16087: 16086: 15853: 15846: 15839: 15830: 15829: 15710: 15709: 15705:biblical figures 15643:Foundation Stone 15629: 15628: 15614: 15613: 15605: 15604: 15599:Laws and customs 15590: 15589: 15566: 15559: 15552: 15543: 15542: 15503:Wadi ash-Shajina 15461:Shuyukh al-Arrub 15383:Khashem al-Daraj 15371: 15369:Khalet al-Maiyya 15289: 15270:Arab al-Ka'abneh 15240: 15232: 15201: 15189: 15162: 15161: 15154: 15130:Khirbat al-Simia 15127: 15103: 15074: 15029: 15022: 15015: 15006: 15005: 14995:Hamas governance 14935:Abasan al-Kabira 14735: 14728: 14721: 14712: 14711: 14689: 14639: 14619: 14611: 14599: 14585: 14583: 14581: 14563: 14561: 14559: 14538: 14536: 14534: 14515: 14513: 14511: 14482: 14480: 14478: 14452: 14450: 14448: 14424: 14422: 14420: 14402: 14400: 14398: 14380: 14378: 14376: 14349: 14347: 14345: 14329: 14327: 14325: 14298: 14296: 14294: 14270: 14268: 14266: 14248: 14246: 14244: 14220: 14218: 14216: 14189: 14187: 14185: 14156: 14154: 14152: 14123: 14121: 14119: 14090: 14088: 14086: 14062: 14060: 14058: 14049:. Archived from 14032: 14030: 14028: 14010: 14008: 14006: 13986: 13984: 13982: 13973:. Archived from 13959: 13957: 13955: 13926: 13924: 13922: 13887: 13885: 13883: 13854: 13852: 13850: 13836:. Abacus Books. 13821: 13819: 13817: 13788: 13786: 13784: 13762: 13760: 13758: 13737: 13735: 13733: 13716: 13714: 13712: 13675: 13673: 13671: 13645: 13643: 13641: 13626: 13613: 13594:Herbermann, C.G. 13582: 13580: 13578: 13549: 13547: 13545: 13516: 13514: 13512: 13483: 13481: 13479: 13460: 13444: 13442: 13440: 13414: 13412: 13410: 13386: 13384: 13382: 13356: 13354: 13352: 13326: 13305: 13303: 13301: 13283: 13281: 13279: 13252: 13250: 13248: 13219: 13217: 13215: 13210:on July 16, 2012 13193: 13191: 13189: 13165: 13163: 13161: 13134: 13109: 13084: 13082: 13080: 13049: 13030: 13028: 13026: 13002: 13000: 12998: 12969: 12967: 12965: 12937: 12936:. Paris: Leroux. 12921: 12919: 12917: 12897: 12895: 12893: 12863: 12861: 12859: 12832: 12830: 12828: 12812: 12786: 12760: 12737: 12735: 12733: 12700: 12698: 12696: 12667: 12665: 12663: 12637: 12635: 12633: 12612: 12610: 12608: 12593: 12577: 12541: 12539: 12537: 12508: 12506: 12504: 12473: 12471: 12469: 12440: 12438: 12436: 12412: 12410: 12408: 12384: 12382: 12380: 12353: 12351: 12349: 12325: 12323: 12321: 12294: 12265: 12263: 12261: 12246: 12231: 12229: 12227: 12200: 12198: 12196: 12169: 12167: 12165: 12141: 12117: 12115: 12113: 12104:. Archived from 12092: 12090: 12088: 12064: 12062: 12060: 12036: 12034: 12032: 12005: 12003: 12001: 11983: 11981: 11979: 11952: 11950: 11948: 11920: 11893: 11891: 11889: 11862: 11860: 11858: 11832: 11830: 11828: 11810: 11808: 11806: 11790: 11788: 11786: 11765: 11763: 11761: 11734: 11732: 11730: 11712: 11710: 11708: 11681: 11679: 11677: 11650: 11648: 11646: 11627: 11625: 11623: 11593: 11591: 11589: 11565: 11541: 11525: 11523: 11521: 11516:. pp. 21–23 11499: 11497: 11495: 11477: 11475: 11473: 11460:Whiston, William 11451: 11449: 11447: 11431: 11429: 11418: 11416: 11414: 11396: 11394: 11392: 11374: 11372: 11370: 11339: 11337: 11335: 11311: 11288: 11265: 11263: 11261: 11237: 11216: 11214: 11212: 11186: 11184: 11182: 11158: 11156: 11154: 11130: 11128: 11126: 11102: 11100: 11098: 11080: 11078: 11076: 11049: 11047: 11045: 11027: 11025: 11023: 10994: 10966: 10964: 10962: 10935: 10933: 10931: 10907: 10905: 10903: 10889:. Ritana Books. 10876: 10874: 10872: 10844:Botterweck, G.J. 10831: 10829: 10827: 10803: 10776: 10774: 10772: 10748: 10746: 10744: 10717: 10715: 10713: 10701: 10692: 10671: 10669: 10667: 10643: 10641: 10639: 10608: 10606: 10604: 10577: 10575: 10573: 10555: 10553: 10551: 10527: 10525: 10523: 10499: 10475: 10473: 10471: 10444: 10442: 10440: 10416: 10405: 10403: 10401: 10377: 10353: 10351: 10349: 10325: 10323: 10321: 10292: 10290: 10288: 10259: 10257: 10255: 10228: 10226: 10224: 10197: 10195: 10193: 10155: 10154: 10145: 10139: 10123: 10117: 10111: 10105: 10104: 10086: 10080: 10074: 10068: 10062: 10056: 10050: 10044: 10038: 10032: 10031: 10011: 10005: 10004: 9984: 9978: 9977: 9957: 9951: 9945: 9939: 9933: 9927: 9921: 9912: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9893: 9880: 9879: 9859: 9853: 9847: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9836: 9821: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9798: 9792: 9791: 9789: 9787: 9772: 9735: 9722: 9716: 9705: 9699: 9686: 9680: 9663: 9657: 9644: 9638: 9637:. April 2, 2012. 9628: 9622: 9616: 9610: 9604: 9598: 9592: 9586: 9580: 9574: 9568: 9562: 9561: 9533: 9527: 9521: 9512: 9506: 9497: 9488: 9479: 9473: 9467: 9461: 9455: 9440: 9427: 9421: 9415: 9406: 9400: 9380: 9371: 9370: 9350: 9344: 9343: 9323: 9317: 9316: 9314: 9312: 9301: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9276: 9267: 9266: 9264: 9262: 9231: 9225: 9224: 9222: 9220: 9215:. April 14, 2021 9205: 9199: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9180: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9158: 9152: 9151: 9138: 9127: 9126: 9125:. April 4, 2015. 9113: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9084: 9078: 9077: 9075: 9073: 9062: 9027: 9021: 9006: 9005: 9003: 9001: 8986: 8971: 8962: 8956: 8950: 8944: 8938: 8932: 8919: 8913: 8907: 8901: 8895: 8886: 8880: 8874: 8868: 8862: 8855: 8849: 8843: 8834: 8833: 8831: 8829: 8815: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8790: 8784: 8783: 8759: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8748: 8734: 8719: 8718: 8712: 8708: 8706: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8684: 8674: 8665: 8664: 8662: 8660: 8645: 8639: 8638: 8636: 8634: 8619: 8602: 8597: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8556: 8550: 8544: 8538: 8535: 8529: 8528: 8491: 8485: 8484: 8476: 8468: 8455: 8454: 8452: 8450: 8436: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8404: 8389: 8383: 8378: 8363: 8346: 8337: 8331: 8325: 8324: 8310: 8304: 8298: 8292: 8291: 8289: 8287: 8272: 8263: 8262: 8251: 8245: 8239: 8233: 8227: 8221: 8220: 8213: 8207: 8206: 8204: 8202: 8193:. Archived from 8187: 8181: 8180: 8173: 8167: 8158:"Hope in Hebron" 8154: 8148: 8147: 8136: 8130: 8129: 8110: 8104: 8102: 8096: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8058: 8052: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8036: 8030: 8013: 8007: 7994: 7988: 7987: 7967: 7961: 7955: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7944: 7930: 7923: 7917: 7904: 7898: 7892: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7866: 7860: 7859: 7857: 7855: 7846:. Archived from 7833: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7822: 7811: 7805: 7804: 7792: 7783: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7766: 7760: 7759: 7748: 7742: 7737: 7731: 7725: 7719: 7713: 7707: 7701: 7695: 7677: 7671: 7661: 7655: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7625: 7624: 7619:. Archived from 7608: 7602: 7596: 7590: 7584: 7578: 7572: 7566: 7560: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7534: 7528: 7522: 7516: 7506:The Boston Globe 7498: 7492: 7486: 7480: 7474: 7468: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7444: 7438: 7432: 7431: 7424: 7422: 7414: 7413:. Vol. 242. 7402: 7396: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7357:. Archived from 7346: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7326:. Archived from 7315: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7304: 7295:. Archived from 7284: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7273: 7264:. Archived from 7253: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7227: 7221: 7209: 7200: 7199: 7194:. Archived from 7181: 7172: 7161: 7155: 7145: 7139: 7133: 7127: 7121: 7115: 7109: 7103: 7097: 7091: 7085: 7079: 7073: 7064: 7056: 7050: 7049: 7029: 7023: 7022:, pp. 71–72 7017: 7011: 7004: 6998: 6994: 6988: 6979: 6973: 6960: 6951: 6950:, pp. 56–57 6945: 6939: 6938: 6935:The New Republic 6927: 6921: 6912: 6906: 6891: 6885: 6879: 6873: 6867: 6861: 6855: 6849: 6843: 6837: 6831: 6825: 6819: 6813: 6800: 6794: 6788: 6782: 6776: 6770: 6764: 6758: 6752: 6746: 6745: 6725: 6719: 6713: 6707: 6701: 6695: 6694:, pp. 55–56 6689: 6683: 6677: 6671: 6665: 6659: 6653: 6647: 6641: 6635: 6629: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6610:innovativeness." 6592: 6586: 6585:, pp. 12–14 6580: 6571: 6565: 6559: 6549: 6543: 6534: 6525: 6519: 6513: 6503: 6497: 6491: 6482: 6476: 6470: 6464: 6458: 6444: 6438: 6432: 6426: 6420: 6414: 6408: 6402: 6396: 6390: 6384: 6378: 6372: 6366: 6360: 6354: 6348: 6342: 6336: 6330: 6324: 6318: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6289: 6283: 6277: 6271: 6265: 6259: 6253: 6247: 6241: 6235: 6229: 6223: 6217: 6211: 6205: 6195: 6189: 6183: 6177: 6167: 6161: 6155: 6149: 6139: 6133: 6127: 6121: 6115: 6109: 6095: 6089: 6083: 6074: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6026: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5972: 5966: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5923: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5860: 5854: 5848: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5824: 5818: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5787: 5781: 5775: 5769: 5760:held hostage at 5751: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5730:Israel tourguide 5726: 5720: 5714: 5708: 5702: 5696: 5690: 5684: 5678: 5661: 5652: 5639: 5622: 5605: 5599: 5593: 5583: 5577: 5574: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5532: 5526: 5517: 5514:Scharfstein 1994 5511: 5502: 5496: 5490: 5484: 5478: 5457: 5451: 5439: 5433: 5427: 5421: 5415: 5409: 5403: 5397: 5388:Josephus Flavius 5381: 5375: 5369: 5363: 5357: 5351: 5345: 5339: 5333: 5327: 5321: 5315: 5310: 5304: 5294: 5288: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5251: 5245: 5239: 5233: 5219: 5213: 5203: 5197: 5191: 5185: 5180:, p. 128: ( 5175: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5127: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5026:, pp. 77–78 5021: 5015: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4925:. Archived from 4912: 4906: 4905: 4887: 4878: 4861: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4831: 4825: 4819: 4813: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4736: 4728: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4682: 4666: 4645:Y.L. Arbeitman, 4643: 4451: 4442:Sunset in Hebron 4439: 4420: 4404: 4392: 4380: 4363:diasporic thrust 4300:John the Baptist 4120:Otniel ben Kenaz 3995:Defence Minister 3849:Hebron Agreement 3813: 3801: 3789:Political status 3602: 3470:adjacent to the 2770: 2769: 2703:Mount Nabi Yunis 2685:to the west and 2552:home demolitions 2456:Hebron Agreement 2435:Baruch Goldstein 2315:David Ben-Gurion 2214:Jordanian period 2038:Harat ash Sheikh 1746:Ishtori HaParchi 1634:John the Baptist 1555:garrison of the 1503:Israel–Hamas war 1436:Catholic bishop 1388:province at the 1386:Palaestina Prima 1382:Byzantine Empire 1306:Maccabean revolt 1298:Babylonian exile 1228:Kingdom of Judah 1217:Cities of Refuge 1213:2 Samuel 15:7–10 1029:Abrahamic legend 1019:centered around 988:, understood as 976: 975: 969:Khalil al-Rahman 782:. Following the 726:four holy cities 691: 690: 689: 687: 679: 672: 664: 662:Khalīl al-Raḥmān 659: 658: 653: 652: 651: 649: 641: 636: 628: 627: 624: 623: 620: 617: 614: 611: 608: 603: 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 587: 563:Buffer zone 357: 356: 354: 353: 352: 347: 343: 340: 339: 338: 335: 305: 304: 298: 271: 235: 226: 215: 206: 197: 186: 177: 168: 157: 148: 134: 133: 113: 106: 95: 80: 79: 46: 45: 21: 16465: 16464: 16460: 16459: 16458: 16456: 16455: 16454: 16365: 16364: 16363: 16358: 16340: 16322: 16234: 16121: 16114: 16084: 16079: 16046: 16028: 15965: 15937: 15864: 15857: 15827: 15818: 15777:Other countries 15772: 15734: 15704: 15689: 15662: 15634: 15620: 15596: 15579: 15570: 15540: 15535: 15512: 15454:Sahel Wadi Elma 15428:Marah al-Baqqar 15365:Khallet al-Aqed 15324:Hadab al-Fawwar 15290:(Beit Mirsim • 15254: 15243:Khirbet al-Deir 15163: 15156: 15155: 15146: 15089:Wadi al Hussein 15087:• Qla'a Zeta • 15038: 15033: 15003: 14998: 14984: 14921: 14748: 14739: 14647: 14642: 14622: 14588: 14579: 14577: 14557: 14555: 14532: 14530: 14509: 14507: 14505: 14476: 14474: 14472: 14446: 14444: 14442: 14418: 14416: 14396: 14394: 14374: 14372: 14370: 14343: 14341: 14323: 14321: 14319: 14292: 14290: 14288: 14264: 14262: 14242: 14240: 14238: 14214: 14212: 14210: 14183: 14181: 14179: 14150: 14148: 14146: 14117: 14115: 14113: 14084: 14082: 14080: 14056: 14054: 14026: 14024: 14004: 14002: 13980: 13978: 13953: 13951: 13949: 13920: 13918: 13916: 13881: 13879: 13877: 13848: 13846: 13844: 13815: 13813: 13811: 13782: 13780: 13756: 13754: 13731: 13729: 13710: 13708: 13706: 13669: 13667: 13665: 13639: 13637: 13635: 13576: 13574: 13572: 13543: 13541: 13539: 13510: 13508: 13506: 13477: 13475: 13473: 13438: 13436: 13434: 13408: 13406: 13380: 13378: 13376: 13350: 13348: 13346: 13323: 13299: 13297: 13277: 13275: 13273: 13246: 13244: 13242: 13213: 13211: 13187: 13185: 13183: 13159: 13157: 13155: 13131: 13106: 13078: 13076: 13074: 13060:, eds. (2001). 13046: 13024: 13022: 13020: 13012:. Eisenbrauns. 12996: 12994: 12992: 12963: 12961: 12959: 12915: 12913: 12891: 12889: 12887: 12857: 12855: 12853: 12826: 12824: 12809: 12783: 12757: 12731: 12729: 12727: 12694: 12692: 12690: 12674:Loewenstein, A. 12661: 12659: 12657: 12631: 12629: 12606: 12604: 12602: 12574: 12552:"Tamīm al-Dārī" 12535: 12533: 12531: 12502: 12500: 12498: 12467: 12465: 12463: 12434: 12432: 12430: 12406: 12404: 12402: 12378: 12376: 12374: 12347: 12345: 12343: 12319: 12317: 12315: 12259: 12257: 12225: 12223: 12221: 12194: 12192: 12190: 12163: 12161: 12159: 12138: 12111: 12109: 12086: 12084: 12082: 12058: 12056: 12054: 12030: 12028: 12026: 11999: 11997: 11977: 11975: 11973: 11946: 11944: 11942: 11917: 11887: 11885: 11883: 11856: 11854: 11852: 11826: 11824: 11804: 11802: 11784: 11782: 11759: 11757: 11755: 11728: 11726: 11706: 11704: 11702: 11675: 11673: 11671: 11644: 11642: 11621: 11619: 11617: 11587: 11585: 11583: 11562: 11539: 11519: 11517: 11493: 11491: 11471: 11469: 11445: 11443: 11427: 11421: 11412: 11410: 11390: 11388: 11368: 11366: 11364: 11348:Silberman, N.A. 11344:Finkelstein, I. 11333: 11331: 11329: 11308: 11285: 11259: 11257: 11255: 11234: 11210: 11208: 11206: 11180: 11178: 11176: 11152: 11150: 11148: 11124: 11122: 11120: 11096: 11094: 11074: 11072: 11070: 11054:Cordesman, A.H. 11043: 11041: 11021: 11019: 10991: 10960: 10958: 10956: 10929: 10927: 10925: 10901: 10899: 10897: 10886:The Six Day War 10870: 10868: 10866: 10825: 10823: 10821: 10800: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10742: 10740: 10738: 10711: 10709: 10699: 10695: 10689: 10665: 10663: 10661: 10637: 10635: 10633: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10571: 10569: 10549: 10547: 10545: 10521: 10519: 10517: 10496: 10469: 10467: 10465: 10438: 10436: 10434: 10399: 10397: 10395: 10374: 10347: 10345: 10343: 10319: 10317: 10315: 10286: 10284: 10282: 10253: 10251: 10249: 10222: 10220: 10218: 10191: 10189: 10187: 10163: 10158: 10151: 10147: 10146: 10142: 10137:Derby Telegraph 10133:Wayback Machine 10124: 10120: 10112: 10108: 10101: 10087: 10083: 10075: 10071: 10063: 10059: 10051: 10047: 10039: 10035: 10028: 10017:The Sacred land 10012: 10008: 10001: 9985: 9981: 9974: 9958: 9954: 9946: 9942: 9934: 9930: 9922: 9915: 9905: 9903: 9895: 9894: 9883: 9876: 9860: 9856: 9848: 9844: 9834: 9832: 9831:on July 7, 2017 9823: 9822: 9818: 9808: 9806: 9799: 9795: 9785: 9783: 9774: 9773: 9738: 9723: 9719: 9706: 9702: 9687: 9683: 9674:Wayback Machine 9664: 9660: 9645: 9641: 9629: 9625: 9617: 9613: 9605: 9601: 9593: 9589: 9581: 9577: 9569: 9565: 9534: 9530: 9522: 9515: 9507: 9500: 9489: 9482: 9474: 9470: 9462: 9458: 9452:Wayback Machine 9441: 9430: 9422: 9418: 9407: 9403: 9392:Wayback Machine 9381: 9374: 9367: 9351: 9347: 9340: 9324: 9320: 9310: 9308: 9303: 9302: 9298: 9288: 9286: 9278: 9277: 9270: 9260: 9258: 9256: 9232: 9228: 9218: 9216: 9207: 9206: 9202: 9192: 9190: 9182: 9181: 9177: 9167: 9165: 9160: 9159: 9155: 9140: 9139: 9130: 9115: 9114: 9103: 9093: 9091: 9086: 9085: 9081: 9071: 9069: 9064: 9063: 9030: 9022: 9009: 8999: 8997: 8988: 8987: 8974: 8963: 8959: 8951: 8947: 8939: 8935: 8929:Wayback Machine 8920: 8916: 8908: 8904: 8896: 8889: 8881: 8877: 8869: 8865: 8856: 8852: 8844: 8837: 8827: 8825: 8817: 8816: 8809: 8799: 8797: 8792: 8791: 8787: 8760: 8756: 8746: 8744: 8736: 8735: 8722: 8710: 8709: 8700: 8699: 8692: 8690: 8682: 8676: 8675: 8668: 8658: 8656: 8655:. July 31, 2024 8647: 8646: 8642: 8632: 8630: 8621: 8620: 8605: 8598: 8594: 8584: 8582: 8580: 8557: 8553: 8545: 8541: 8536: 8532: 8517: 8493: 8492: 8488: 8474: 8470: 8469: 8458: 8448: 8446: 8438: 8437: 8412: 8402: 8400: 8390: 8386: 8379: 8366: 8357:Wayback Machine 8347: 8340: 8332: 8328: 8311: 8307: 8299: 8295: 8285: 8283: 8274: 8273: 8266: 8253: 8252: 8248: 8240: 8236: 8228: 8224: 8215: 8214: 8210: 8200: 8198: 8189: 8188: 8184: 8175: 8174: 8170: 8165: 8155: 8151: 8138: 8137: 8133: 8112: 8111: 8107: 8094: 8090: 8089: 8085: 8075: 8073: 8060: 8059: 8055: 8045: 8043: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8014: 8010: 7995: 7991: 7984: 7968: 7964: 7956: 7952: 7942: 7940: 7925: 7924: 7920: 7914:Wayback Machine 7905: 7901: 7893: 7889: 7879: 7877: 7868: 7867: 7863: 7853: 7851: 7834: 7830: 7820: 7818: 7813: 7812: 7808: 7793: 7786: 7776: 7774: 7769:Gurkow, Lazer. 7767: 7763: 7750: 7749: 7745: 7738: 7734: 7726: 7722: 7714: 7710: 7702: 7698: 7688:Wayback Machine 7678: 7674: 7662: 7658: 7647: 7643: 7635: 7628: 7609: 7605: 7597: 7593: 7585: 7581: 7573: 7569: 7561: 7557: 7547: 7545: 7536: 7535: 7531: 7523: 7519: 7499: 7495: 7487: 7483: 7475: 7471: 7463: 7459: 7451: 7447: 7439: 7435: 7425: 7416: 7415: 7403: 7399: 7388:Wayback Machine 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7347: 7343: 7333: 7331: 7330:on May 22, 2009 7316: 7312: 7302: 7300: 7285: 7281: 7271: 7269: 7254: 7250: 7240: 7238: 7228: 7224: 7210: 7203: 7182: 7175: 7168:national memory 7162: 7158: 7146: 7142: 7134: 7130: 7122: 7118: 7110: 7106: 7098: 7094: 7086: 7082: 7074: 7067: 7057: 7053: 7046: 7030: 7026: 7018: 7014: 7005: 7001: 6995: 6991: 6980: 6976: 6961: 6954: 6946: 6942: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6913: 6909: 6892: 6888: 6880: 6876: 6868: 6864: 6856: 6852: 6844: 6840: 6832: 6828: 6820: 6816: 6801: 6797: 6789: 6785: 6777: 6773: 6765: 6761: 6753: 6749: 6742: 6726: 6722: 6714: 6710: 6702: 6698: 6690: 6686: 6678: 6674: 6666: 6662: 6654: 6650: 6642: 6638: 6630: 6626: 6618: 6614: 6593: 6589: 6581: 6574: 6566: 6562: 6550: 6546: 6535: 6528: 6520: 6516: 6504: 6500: 6492: 6485: 6477: 6473: 6465: 6461: 6445: 6441: 6433: 6429: 6421: 6417: 6409: 6405: 6397: 6393: 6385: 6381: 6373: 6369: 6361: 6357: 6349: 6345: 6337: 6333: 6325: 6321: 6313: 6309: 6301: 6292: 6284: 6280: 6272: 6268: 6260: 6256: 6248: 6244: 6236: 6232: 6224: 6220: 6212: 6208: 6196: 6192: 6184: 6180: 6168: 6164: 6156: 6152: 6140: 6136: 6128: 6124: 6116: 6112: 6096: 6092: 6084: 6077: 6069: 6065: 6061:, p. 246.. 6057: 6053: 6045: 6041: 6033: 6029: 6021: 6017: 6009: 6005: 5997: 5993: 5985: 5981: 5973: 5969: 5960: 5956: 5948: 5944: 5936: 5932: 5924: 5920: 5912: 5908: 5900: 5896: 5888: 5884: 5876: 5863: 5855: 5851: 5843: 5839: 5831: 5827: 5819: 5815: 5807: 5803: 5790:Le Strange 1890 5788: 5784: 5776: 5772: 5752: 5748: 5740: 5736: 5732:, 1979. p. 222. 5727: 5723: 5715: 5711: 5703: 5699: 5691: 5687: 5679: 5664: 5655:Le Strange 1890 5653: 5642: 5629:Le Strange 1890 5623: 5608: 5600: 5596: 5584: 5580: 5575: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5551: 5547: 5539: 5535: 5527: 5520: 5512: 5505: 5497: 5493: 5485: 5481: 5458: 5454: 5440: 5436: 5428: 5424: 5416: 5412: 5404: 5400: 5382: 5378: 5370: 5366: 5358: 5354: 5346: 5342: 5334: 5330: 5322: 5318: 5311: 5307: 5295: 5291: 5279: 5275: 5268: 5252: 5248: 5240: 5236: 5226:Joshua 10:36–37 5220: 5216: 5210:Joshua 10:36–42 5204: 5200: 5192: 5188: 5176: 5172: 5164: 5160: 5152: 5148: 5140: 5136: 5128: 5124: 5116: 5112: 5100: 5096: 5089: 5070: 5066: 5058: 5054: 5046: 5042: 5034: 5030: 5022: 5018: 5010: 5006: 4998: 4994: 4986: 4982: 4974: 4970: 4962: 4955: 4947: 4943: 4932: 4930: 4921: 4913: 4909: 4897:ARAM Periodical 4888: 4881: 4862: 4858: 4850: 4846: 4838: 4834: 4826: 4822: 4814: 4807: 4799: 4795: 4787: 4783: 4776: 4772: 4763: 4762: 4758: 4748: 4746: 4734: 4730: 4729: 4722: 4714: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4695: 4693: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4670: 4669: 4644: 4640: 4635: 4591: 4586: 4462: 4455: 4452: 4443: 4440: 4431: 4421: 4412: 4405: 4396: 4393: 4384: 4381: 4372: 4337:Nasir-i Khusraw 4329:simat al-Khalil 4230: 4221:Ayyubid dynasty 4035: 4029: 4024: 4009:instructed the 4007:Naftali Bennett 3983:Jewish Egyptian 3927:. In 2011, the 3907:In 1968, Rabbi 3905: 3864:Israeli settler 3829: 3828: 3827: 3826: 3819: 3818: 3817: 3814: 3806: 3805: 3802: 3791: 3617: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3603: 3567:Balde al-Qadime 3556:Ibrahami Mosque 3527:in the centre, 3496:Haret el-Sheikh 3480:Haret al-Sheikh 3472:Ibrahimi Mosque 3442: 3437: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2759: 2699:Jabal al–Khalil 2639:above sea level 2619: 2584:Jewish settlers 2572: 2499:second Intifada 2495:Second Intifada 2443:Ibrahimi Mosque 2402: 2396: 2275: 2216: 2192:Yechezkel Sarna 2132: 2130:British Mandate 2042:Harat al-Harbah 2006: 1816: 1702:In 1260, after 1700: 1614:Philip of Milly 1593:Ibn al-Qalanisi 1575:, according to 1530: 1524: 1490:Nasir-i-Khusraw 1482:simāt al-khalil 1418: 1351:Simon Bar Giora 1339:Herod the Great 1258: 1175:of the clan of 1130:Excavations at 1089:Book of Genesis 1009: 1004: 998: 918: 855:Hebron Protocol 792:Herod the Great 685: 682: 681: 647: 644: 643: 605: 584: 580: 498: 350: 348: 344: 341: 336: 333: 331: 329: 328: 322: 321: 320: 319: 313: 312: 311: 310: 306: 285: 282:Nickname: 277: 276: 275: 274: 259: 240: 239: 238: 237: 236: 228: 227: 218: 217: 216: 208: 207: 199: 198: 189: 188: 187: 179: 178: 170: 169: 160: 159: 158: 150: 149: 108: 101: 60: 51: 44: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16463: 16453: 16452: 16447: 16442: 16437: 16432: 16427: 16422: 16417: 16412: 16407: 16402: 16397: 16392: 16387: 16382: 16377: 16360: 16359: 16357: 16356: 16350: 16348: 16342: 16341: 16339: 16338: 16332: 16330: 16324: 16323: 16321: 16320: 16315: 16310: 16305: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16285: 16280: 16275: 16270: 16265: 16260: 16255: 16250: 16244: 16242: 16236: 16235: 16233: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16177: 16175:Kiryat Arbiyya 16172: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16147: 16142: 16137: 16131: 16129: 16123: 16122: 16113: 16112: 16105: 16098: 16090: 16081: 16080: 16078: 16077: 16072: 16069:Khirbet Tibnah 16062: 16056: 16054: 16048: 16047: 16045: 16044: 16038: 16036: 16030: 16029: 16027: 16026: 16016: 16011: 16006: 16001: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15981: 15975: 15973: 15967: 15966: 15964: 15963: 15958: 15953: 15947: 15945: 15939: 15938: 15936: 15935: 15930: 15925: 15920: 15915: 15910: 15905: 15900: 15895: 15890: 15885: 15880: 15874: 15872: 15866: 15865: 15856: 15855: 15848: 15841: 15833: 15824: 15823: 15820: 15819: 15817: 15816: 15811: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15786: 15780: 15778: 15774: 15773: 15771: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15755: 15750: 15744: 15742: 15736: 15735: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15716: 15707: 15699: 15698: 15695: 15694: 15691: 15690: 15688: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15671: 15668: 15667: 15664: 15663: 15661: 15660: 15655: 15650: 15648:Holy of Holies 15645: 15639: 15637: 15626: 15611: 15602: 15594:Land of Israel 15587: 15581: 15580: 15569: 15568: 15561: 15554: 15546: 15537: 15536: 15534: 15533: 15528: 15522: 15520: 15514: 15513: 15511: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15497: 15496:Wadi al-Amayer 15494: 15489: 15486: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15455: 15452: 15447: 15442: 15437: 15434: 15429: 15426: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15408: 15403: 15398: 15396:Khirbet Zanuta 15393: 15392:Khirbet Salama 15390: 15387: 15384: 15381: 15378: 15366: 15363: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15347: 15342: 15339: 15334: 15331: 15326: 15321: 15320:Hadab al-Alaqa 15318: 15315: 15312: 15307: 15304: 15299: 15296: 15284: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15268: 15264: 15262: 15256: 15255: 15253: 15252: 15247: 15235: 15227: 15222: 15217: 15212: 15196: 15184: 15179: 15173: 15171: 15165: 15164: 15149: 15147: 15145: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15122: 15098: 15093: 15069: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15048: 15046: 15040: 15039: 15032: 15031: 15024: 15017: 15009: 15000: 14999: 14989: 14986: 14985: 14983: 14982: 14977: 14972: 14967: 14962: 14957: 14952: 14947: 14942: 14937: 14931: 14929: 14923: 14922: 14920: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14889: 14884: 14879: 14874: 14869: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14758: 14756: 14750: 14749: 14738: 14737: 14730: 14723: 14715: 14709: 14708: 14703: 14698: 14690: 14677: 14671: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14646: 14645:External links 14643: 14641: 14640: 14620: 14609:"Hebron" 14600: 14586: 14564: 14539: 14516: 14503: 14484: 14483: 14470: 14454: 14453: 14440: 14425: 14403: 14381: 14368: 14350: 14330: 14317: 14299: 14286: 14271: 14249: 14236: 14221: 14208: 14196:, ed. (2006). 14190: 14177: 14158: 14157: 14144: 14125: 14124: 14111: 14092: 14091: 14078: 14063: 14033: 14012: 14011: 13988: 13987: 13961: 13960: 13947: 13928: 13927: 13914: 13889: 13888: 13875: 13863:, ed. (1997). 13856: 13855: 13842: 13823: 13822: 13809: 13790: 13789: 13763: 13739: 13738: 13718: 13717: 13704: 13677: 13676: 13663: 13647: 13646: 13633: 13615: 13614: 13584: 13583: 13570: 13551: 13550: 13537: 13518: 13517: 13504: 13485: 13484: 13471: 13446: 13445: 13432: 13416: 13415: 13388: 13387: 13374: 13358: 13357: 13344: 13328: 13327: 13321: 13315:. I.B.Tauris. 13306: 13284: 13271: 13253: 13240: 13221: 13220: 13195: 13194: 13181: 13166: 13153: 13135: 13129: 13110: 13104: 13085: 13072: 13050: 13044: 13031: 13018: 13003: 12990: 12971: 12970: 12957: 12939: 12938: 12928:Moudjir ed-dyn 12923: 12922: 12899: 12898: 12885: 12864: 12851: 12833: 12813: 12807: 12788: 12787: 12781: 12762: 12761: 12755: 12738: 12725: 12702: 12701: 12688: 12669: 12668: 12655: 12639: 12638: 12613: 12600: 12579: 12578: 12572: 12543: 12542: 12529: 12515:Le Strange, G. 12510: 12509: 12496: 12475: 12474: 12461: 12442: 12441: 12428: 12413: 12400: 12385: 12372: 12354: 12341: 12326: 12313: 12295: 12283:10.1086/370066 12277:(3): 174–178. 12266: 12247: 12232: 12219: 12205:Kimmerling, B. 12201: 12188: 12170: 12157: 12142: 12136: 12118: 12093: 12080: 12065: 12052: 12037: 12024: 12006: 11984: 11971: 11957:Hamilton, V.P. 11953: 11940: 11924:Halpern, Ben; 11921: 11915: 11894: 11881: 11863: 11850: 11833: 11811: 11791: 11766: 11753: 11735: 11713: 11700: 11686:Gottwald, N.K. 11682: 11669: 11651: 11640:The New Yorker 11628: 11615: 11594: 11581: 11566: 11560: 11542: 11526: 11500: 11478: 11452: 11432: 11419: 11397: 11375: 11362: 11340: 11327: 11312: 11306: 11289: 11283: 11266: 11253: 11238: 11232: 11217: 11204: 11187: 11174: 11159: 11146: 11131: 11118: 11103: 11081: 11068: 11050: 11028: 10995: 10989: 10967: 10954: 10936: 10923: 10908: 10895: 10877: 10864: 10832: 10819: 10804: 10798: 10777: 10764: 10749: 10736: 10718: 10693: 10687: 10672: 10659: 10644: 10631: 10609: 10596: 10578: 10556: 10543: 10528: 10515: 10500: 10494: 10476: 10463: 10445: 10432: 10417: 10406: 10393: 10378: 10372: 10354: 10341: 10326: 10313: 10294: 10293: 10280: 10261: 10260: 10247: 10229: 10216: 10198: 10185: 10169:Albright, W.F. 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10156: 10140: 10118: 10106: 10099: 10081: 10069: 10067:, p. 100. 10057: 10045: 10033: 10026: 10006: 9999: 9979: 9972: 9952: 9940: 9928: 9913: 9881: 9874: 9854: 9842: 9816: 9793: 9736: 9717: 9700: 9681: 9658: 9639: 9623: 9611: 9599: 9595:Bouckaert 2001 9587: 9575: 9563: 9528: 9513: 9498: 9480: 9468: 9464:Gorenberg 2007 9456: 9428: 9424:Gorenberg 2007 9416: 9401: 9372: 9365: 9345: 9338: 9318: 9296: 9268: 9254: 9226: 9200: 9175: 9153: 9128: 9101: 9079: 9028: 9024:De Cesari 2009 9007: 8972: 8957: 8945: 8933: 8914: 8902: 8887: 8875: 8863: 8850: 8846:De Cesari 2009 8835: 8807: 8785: 8754: 8720: 8666: 8640: 8629:. May 30, 2018 8603: 8592: 8578: 8551: 8539: 8530: 8515: 8486: 8456: 8410: 8384: 8364: 8338: 8326: 8305: 8293: 8264: 8246: 8242:Freedland 2012 8234: 8230:Bouckaert 2001 8222: 8208: 8182: 8168: 8149: 8131: 8105: 8101:. August 2003. 8083: 8053: 8031: 8008: 7989: 7982: 7962: 7950: 7918: 7899: 7887: 7861: 7843:The Australian 7828: 7806: 7784: 7761: 7743: 7732: 7728:Freedland 2012 7720: 7708: 7696: 7672: 7656: 7641: 7626: 7603: 7591: 7589:, p. 135. 7587:Cordesman 2006 7579: 7567: 7555: 7529: 7517: 7493: 7491:, p. 187. 7489:Rubenberg 2003 7481: 7477:Kellerman 1993 7469: 7465:Rubenberg 2003 7457: 7453:Bouckaert 2001 7445: 7433: 7397: 7372: 7341: 7310: 7279: 7248: 7222: 7201: 7173: 7156: 7148:Gorenberg 2007 7140: 7136:Sternhell 1999 7128: 7124:Sternhell 1999 7116: 7112:Gorenberg 2007 7104: 7100:Gorenberg 2007 7092: 7080: 7065: 7051: 7044: 7024: 7012: 6999: 6989: 6981:Benny Morris. 6974: 6952: 6940: 6937:. May 7, 2008. 6922: 6907: 6898:Albert Londres 6886: 6874: 6872:, p. 318. 6862: 6860:, p. 232. 6850: 6838: 6826: 6814: 6795: 6783: 6771: 6759: 6747: 6740: 6720: 6708: 6696: 6684: 6672: 6670:, p. 199. 6660: 6648: 6646:, p. 508. 6636: 6634:, p. 145. 6632:Gorenberg 2007 6624: 6612: 6587: 6572: 6560: 6544: 6526: 6524:, p. 218. 6514: 6498: 6483: 6471: 6459: 6455:Haret el Haram 6439: 6437:, p. 379. 6427: 6415: 6403: 6391: 6379: 6367: 6355: 6343: 6331: 6319: 6317:, p. 403. 6307: 6290: 6278: 6266: 6254: 6242: 6240:, p. 436. 6230: 6218: 6216:, p. 161. 6206: 6190: 6188:, p. 198. 6178: 6162: 6150: 6134: 6132:, p. 104. 6122: 6110: 6100:, p. 24. 6090: 6088:, p. 195. 6075: 6063: 6051: 6049:, p. 458. 6039: 6027: 6015: 6013:, p. 102. 6003: 5991: 5979: 5967: 5961:Dandis, Wala. 5954: 5942: 5940:, p. 274. 5930: 5918: 5914:Runciman 1965c 5906: 5904:, p. 297. 5894: 5882: 5861: 5859:, p. 112. 5849: 5837: 5835:, p. 422. 5825: 5823:, p. 319. 5821:Runciman 1965b 5813: 5801: 5782: 5778:Runciman 1965b 5770: 5754:Runciman 1965a 5746: 5734: 5721: 5709: 5697: 5685: 5683:, p. 148. 5662: 5640: 5606: 5604:, pp. 205 5594: 5578: 5569: 5567:, p. 166. 5557: 5545: 5533: 5529:Salaville 1910 5518: 5516:, p. 124. 5503: 5491: 5479: 5452: 5447:The Jewish War 5434: 5422: 5410: 5398: 5386:, p. 334 5376: 5364: 5352: 5340: 5328: 5316: 5305: 5301:Joshua 20, 1–7 5289: 5273: 5266: 5246: 5244:, p. 262. 5234: 5214: 5198: 5196:, p. 185. 5186: 5170: 5158: 5146: 5144:, p. 126. 5134: 5132:, p. 108. 5122: 5110: 5094: 5087: 5064: 5052: 5050:, p. 179. 5040: 5038:, p. 200. 5028: 5016: 5004: 4992: 4980: 4968: 4953: 4941: 4907: 4879: 4856: 4854:, p. 124. 4844: 4832: 4830:, p. 100. 4820: 4818:, p. 178. 4805: 4803:, p. 236. 4793: 4781: 4770: 4756: 4720: 4703: 4692:. May 14, 2017 4676: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4584: 4575: 4566: 4557: 4556:(Saudi Arabia) 4548: 4540: 4531: 4523: 4514: 4506: 4498: 4489: 4480: 4470: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4456: 4453: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4434: 4432: 4422: 4415: 4413: 4406: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4375: 4371: 4368: 4268:Garden of Eden 4250:. Another has 4229: 4226: 4225: 4224: 4210: 4204: 4180: 4150: 4149: 4138: 4131: 4112: 4031:Main article: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 3971:Constantinople 3909:Moshe Levinger 3904: 3901: 3891:Garden of Eden 3875:Land of Israel 3821: 3820: 3815: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3766:European Union 3728:Arab countries 3616: 3613: 3605: 3604: 3597: 3596: 3595: 3575:Jerusalem Road 3492:Haret el-Yahud 3441: 3438: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3382: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3340:sunshine hours 3335: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3287: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2823: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2768: 2758: 2755: 2739:Wadi al–Khalil 2681:to the north, 2618: 2615: 2611:Harat al-Akrad 2571: 2568: 2515:Shalhevet Pass 2491:First Intifada 2452:Oslo Agreement 2427:Oslo Agreement 2414:Death to Arabs 2398:Main article: 2395: 2392: 2327:United Nations 2303:land for peace 2274: 2271: 2215: 2212: 2184:Hebron Yeshiva 2131: 2128: 2124:Ashkenazi Jews 2034:Harat al-Kazaz 2030:Harat al-Kadim 2005: 2002: 1837:Ottoman Empire 1815: 1812: 1774:(1483) and by 1699: 1696: 1685:As-Salih Ayyub 1523: 1520: 1470:Venetian glass 1468:) founded the 1442:Umayyad period 1417: 1414: 1377:slave-market. 1310:Judah Maccabee 1304:). During the 1302:Nehemiah 11:25 1257: 1254: 1250:trading routes 1205:king of Israel 1201:2 Samuel 2:1–3 1165:Tribe of Judah 1008: 1005: 997: 994: 917: 914: 808:Ottoman Empire 732:as well as in 716:, followed by 572: 571: 568: 567: 564: 560: 559: 556: 552: 551: 548: 542: 541: 534: 530: 529: 524: 520: 519: 516: 510: 509: 504: 500: 499: 494: 491: 490: 487: 486: 481: 477: 476: 473: 466: 465: 462: 458: 457: 454: 447: 446: 442: 441: 434: 427: 426: 422: 421: 416: 412: 411: 405: 401: 400: 396: 395: 390: 384: 383: 373: 369: 368: 365: 359: 358: 324: 323: 314: 308: 307: 300: 299: 293: 292: 291: 290: 287: 286: 283: 279: 278: 272: 266: 265: 264: 261: 260: 241: 230: 229: 221: 220: 219: 210: 209: 201: 200: 192: 191: 190: 181: 180: 172: 171: 163: 162: 161: 152: 151: 143: 142: 141: 140: 139: 136: 135: 128: 121: 120: 116: 115: 89: 82: 81: 74: 67: 66: 62: 61: 56: 53: 52: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16462: 16451: 16448: 16446: 16443: 16441: 16438: 16436: 16433: 16431: 16428: 16426: 16423: 16421: 16418: 16416: 16413: 16411: 16408: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16396: 16393: 16391: 16388: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16372: 16370: 16355: 16352: 16351: 16349: 16347: 16343: 16337: 16334: 16333: 16331: 16329: 16325: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16279: 16276: 16274: 16271: 16269: 16266: 16264: 16261: 16259: 16256: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16245: 16243: 16241: 16237: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16132: 16130: 16128: 16124: 16119: 16111: 16106: 16104: 16099: 16097: 16092: 16091: 16088: 16076: 16073: 16070: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16058: 16057: 16055: 16053: 16049: 16043: 16040: 16039: 16037: 16035: 16031: 16024: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15987: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15976: 15974: 15972: 15968: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15948: 15946: 15944: 15940: 15934: 15931: 15929: 15926: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15916: 15914: 15911: 15909: 15906: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15896: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15888:Bir ed-Duwali 15886: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15875: 15873: 15871: 15867: 15862: 15854: 15849: 15847: 15842: 15840: 15835: 15834: 15831: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15781: 15779: 15775: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15751: 15749: 15746: 15745: 15743: 15741: 15737: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15715: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15700: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15672: 15659: 15656: 15654: 15651: 15649: 15646: 15644: 15641: 15640: 15638: 15636: 15630: 15627: 15624: 15619: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15606: 15603: 15600: 15595: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15582: 15578: 15574: 15567: 15562: 15560: 15555: 15553: 15548: 15547: 15544: 15532: 15529: 15527: 15524: 15523: 15521: 15519: 15518:Refugee camps 15515: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499:Wadi al-Kilab 15498: 15495: 15493: 15490: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15435: 15433: 15432:Masafer Yatta 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15409: 15407: 15404: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15391: 15388: 15386:Khallet Salih 15385: 15382: 15379: 15375: 15370: 15367: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15332: 15330: 15327: 15325: 15322: 15319: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15297: 15293: 15288: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15269: 15267:Anab al-Kabir 15266: 15265: 15263: 15261: 15257: 15251: 15248: 15244: 15239: 15236: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15209: 15205: 15200: 15197: 15193: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15174: 15172: 15170: 15166: 15160: 15153: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15131: 15126: 15123: 15119: 15115: 15111: 15107: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15090: 15086: 15082: 15078: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15049: 15047: 15045: 15041: 15037: 15030: 15025: 15023: 15018: 15016: 15011: 15010: 15007: 14996: 14993: 14987: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14968: 14966: 14963: 14961: 14958: 14956: 14955:Deir al-Balah 14953: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14943: 14941: 14938: 14936: 14933: 14932: 14930: 14928: 14924: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14759: 14757: 14755: 14751: 14747: 14743: 14736: 14731: 14729: 14724: 14722: 14717: 14716: 14713: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14696: 14695: 14691: 14687: 14683: 14680:ArchNet.org. 14678: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14669: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14648: 14637: 14633: 14629: 14625: 14621: 14617: 14616: 14610: 14605: 14601: 14597: 14596: 14591: 14587: 14576: 14575: 14570: 14565: 14554: 14553: 14548: 14544: 14540: 14529: 14525: 14521: 14517: 14506: 14500: 14496: 14495: 14490: 14486: 14485: 14473: 14467: 14463: 14462: 14456: 14455: 14443: 14437: 14433: 14432: 14426: 14415:. D. Appleton 14414: 14413: 14408: 14404: 14392: 14391: 14386: 14382: 14371: 14365: 14361: 14360: 14355: 14351: 14339: 14335: 14331: 14320: 14314: 14310: 14309: 14304: 14300: 14289: 14283: 14279: 14278: 14272: 14260: 14259: 14254: 14250: 14239: 14233: 14229: 14228: 14222: 14211: 14205: 14201: 14200: 14195: 14191: 14180: 14174: 14170: 14169: 14164: 14163:Sternhell, Z. 14160: 14159: 14147: 14141: 14137: 14136: 14131: 14127: 14126: 14114: 14108: 14104: 14103: 14098: 14094: 14093: 14081: 14075: 14071: 14070: 14064: 14052: 14048: 14047: 14042: 14038: 14034: 14023: 14019: 14014: 14013: 14000: 13999: 13994: 13990: 13989: 13976: 13972: 13968: 13963: 13962: 13950: 13944: 13940: 13939: 13934: 13930: 13929: 13917: 13911: 13907: 13903: 13902:Avi-Yonah, M. 13899: 13895: 13891: 13890: 13878: 13872: 13868: 13867: 13862: 13858: 13857: 13845: 13839: 13835: 13834: 13829: 13825: 13824: 13812: 13806: 13802: 13801: 13796: 13792: 13791: 13778: 13774: 13773: 13768: 13764: 13752: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13740: 13727: 13726: 13720: 13719: 13707: 13701: 13697: 13696: 13691: 13687: 13683: 13679: 13678: 13666: 13660: 13656: 13655: 13649: 13648: 13636: 13630: 13625: 13624: 13617: 13616: 13611: 13607: 13603: 13599: 13595: 13591: 13586: 13585: 13573: 13567: 13563: 13562: 13557: 13553: 13552: 13540: 13534: 13530: 13529: 13524: 13520: 13519: 13507: 13501: 13497: 13496: 13491: 13487: 13486: 13474: 13468: 13464: 13459: 13458: 13452: 13451:Rubenberg, C. 13448: 13447: 13435: 13429: 13425: 13424: 13418: 13417: 13404: 13403: 13398: 13394: 13390: 13389: 13377: 13371: 13367: 13366: 13360: 13359: 13347: 13341: 13337: 13336: 13330: 13329: 13324: 13318: 13314: 13313: 13307: 13295: 13294: 13289: 13285: 13278:September 28, 13274: 13268: 13264: 13263: 13258: 13254: 13243: 13237: 13233: 13232: 13227: 13223: 13222: 13209: 13205: 13201: 13197: 13196: 13184: 13178: 13174: 13173: 13167: 13156: 13150: 13146: 13145: 13140: 13139:Norwich, J.J. 13136: 13132: 13126: 13122: 13118: 13117: 13111: 13107: 13101: 13097: 13093: 13092: 13086: 13075: 13069: 13065: 13064: 13059: 13055: 13051: 13047: 13041: 13037: 13032: 13021: 13015: 13011: 13010: 13004: 12993: 12987: 12983: 12982: 12977: 12973: 12972: 12960: 12954: 12950: 12946: 12941: 12940: 12935: 12934: 12929: 12925: 12924: 12911: 12910: 12905: 12901: 12900: 12888: 12882: 12878: 12874: 12870: 12865: 12854: 12848: 12845:. Routledge. 12844: 12843: 12838: 12834: 12823: 12819: 12814: 12810: 12804: 12800: 12799: 12794: 12790: 12789: 12784: 12778: 12774: 12773: 12768: 12764: 12763: 12758: 12752: 12748: 12744: 12739: 12728: 12722: 12718: 12714: 12713: 12708: 12704: 12703: 12691: 12685: 12681: 12680: 12675: 12671: 12670: 12658: 12652: 12648: 12647: 12641: 12640: 12628: 12627: 12622: 12618: 12614: 12603: 12597: 12592: 12591: 12585: 12581: 12580: 12575: 12569: 12565: 12561: 12557: 12556:Houtsma, M.T. 12553: 12549: 12545: 12544: 12532: 12526: 12522: 12521: 12516: 12512: 12511: 12499: 12493: 12489: 12485: 12481: 12477: 12476: 12464: 12458: 12454: 12453: 12448: 12444: 12443: 12431: 12425: 12421: 12420: 12414: 12403: 12397: 12393: 12392: 12386: 12375: 12369: 12365: 12364: 12359: 12355: 12344: 12338: 12334: 12333: 12327: 12316: 12310: 12306: 12305: 12300: 12296: 12292: 12288: 12284: 12280: 12276: 12272: 12267: 12255: 12254: 12248: 12245:. Paris: 477. 12244: 12240: 12239: 12233: 12222: 12216: 12212: 12211: 12206: 12202: 12191: 12185: 12181: 12180: 12175: 12171: 12160: 12154: 12150: 12149: 12143: 12139: 12133: 12129: 12128: 12123: 12119: 12107: 12103: 12099: 12094: 12083: 12077: 12073: 12072: 12066: 12055: 12049: 12045: 12044: 12038: 12027: 12021: 12017: 12016: 12011: 12007: 11995: 11994: 11989: 11988:Hyamson, A.M. 11985: 11974: 11968: 11964: 11963: 11958: 11954: 11943: 11937: 11933: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11918: 11912: 11908: 11904: 11903:Houtsma, M.T. 11900: 11895: 11884: 11878: 11874: 11873: 11868: 11864: 11853: 11847: 11843: 11839: 11834: 11827:September 29, 11823: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11801: 11797: 11792: 11785:September 17, 11781: 11780: 11775: 11771: 11767: 11756: 11750: 11746: 11745: 11740: 11736: 11724: 11723: 11718: 11714: 11703: 11697: 11693: 11692: 11687: 11683: 11672: 11666: 11662: 11661: 11656: 11655:Gorenberg, G. 11652: 11641: 11637: 11633: 11629: 11618: 11612: 11608: 11604: 11603:Charny, I. W. 11600: 11595: 11584: 11578: 11574: 11573: 11567: 11563: 11561:0-521-59984-9 11557: 11553: 11552: 11547: 11543: 11537: 11533: 11532: 11527: 11515: 11514: 11509: 11505: 11504:Freedland, J. 11501: 11489: 11488: 11483: 11479: 11467: 11466: 11461: 11457: 11453: 11442: 11438: 11433: 11426: 11425: 11420: 11408: 11407: 11402: 11398: 11386: 11385: 11380: 11376: 11365: 11359: 11355: 11354: 11349: 11345: 11341: 11330: 11324: 11320: 11319: 11313: 11309: 11303: 11299: 11295: 11290: 11286: 11280: 11276: 11272: 11267: 11256: 11250: 11246: 11245: 11239: 11235: 11229: 11225: 11224: 11218: 11207: 11201: 11197: 11193: 11188: 11177: 11171: 11167: 11166: 11160: 11149: 11143: 11139: 11138: 11132: 11121: 11115: 11111: 11110: 11104: 11092: 11091: 11086: 11082: 11071: 11065: 11061: 11060: 11055: 11051: 11039: 11038: 11033: 11029: 11018: 11014: 11010: 11006: 11005: 11000: 10996: 10992: 10986: 10982: 10978: 10977: 10972: 10968: 10957: 10951: 10947: 10946: 10941: 10937: 10926: 10920: 10916: 10915: 10909: 10898: 10892: 10888: 10887: 10882: 10881:Churchill, R. 10878: 10867: 10861: 10857: 10853: 10849: 10845: 10841: 10837: 10833: 10822: 10816: 10812: 10811: 10805: 10801: 10795: 10791: 10787: 10783: 10778: 10767: 10761: 10757: 10756: 10750: 10739: 10733: 10729: 10728: 10723: 10719: 10708:. August 2003 10707: 10706: 10698: 10694: 10690: 10684: 10680: 10679: 10673: 10662: 10656: 10652: 10651: 10645: 10634: 10628: 10624: 10620: 10619: 10614: 10610: 10599: 10593: 10589: 10588: 10583: 10582:Bouckaert, P. 10579: 10567: 10566: 10561: 10557: 10546: 10540: 10537:. Routledge. 10536: 10535: 10529: 10518: 10512: 10508: 10507: 10501: 10497: 10491: 10487: 10486: 10481: 10477: 10466: 10460: 10456: 10455: 10450: 10446: 10435: 10429: 10425: 10424: 10418: 10414: 10413: 10407: 10396: 10390: 10386: 10385: 10379: 10375: 10369: 10365: 10364: 10359: 10355: 10344: 10338: 10335:. Routledge. 10334: 10333: 10327: 10316: 10310: 10306: 10305: 10300: 10296: 10295: 10283: 10277: 10273: 10272: 10267: 10263: 10262: 10250: 10244: 10240: 10239: 10234: 10230: 10219: 10213: 10209: 10208: 10203: 10199: 10188: 10182: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10166: 10165: 10152: 10144: 10138: 10134: 10130: 10127: 10122: 10115: 10110: 10102: 10096: 10092: 10085: 10079:, p. 648 10078: 10073: 10066: 10061: 10055:, p. 49. 10054: 10049: 10043:, p. 25. 10042: 10037: 10029: 10023: 10019: 10018: 10010: 10002: 9996: 9992: 9991: 9983: 9975: 9969: 9965: 9964: 9956: 9949: 9944: 9937: 9932: 9925: 9920: 9918: 9902: 9898: 9892: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9877: 9871: 9867: 9866: 9858: 9851: 9846: 9830: 9826: 9820: 9804: 9797: 9781: 9777: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9765: 9763: 9761: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9753: 9751: 9749: 9747: 9745: 9743: 9741: 9733: 9732: 9727: 9721: 9714: 9710: 9704: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9685: 9678: 9675: 9671: 9667: 9662: 9655: 9654: 9649: 9643: 9636: 9633: 9627: 9620: 9615: 9608: 9607:Auerbach 2009 9603: 9596: 9591: 9585:, p. 253 9584: 9579: 9572: 9571:Kretzmer 2002 9567: 9559: 9555: 9551: 9547: 9543: 9539: 9532: 9525: 9520: 9518: 9510: 9505: 9503: 9496: 9492: 9491:Auerbach 2009 9487: 9485: 9477: 9472: 9465: 9460: 9453: 9449: 9446: 9445: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9433: 9426:, p. 356 9425: 9420: 9413: 9412: 9405: 9398: 9397: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9379: 9377: 9368: 9362: 9358: 9357: 9349: 9341: 9335: 9331: 9330: 9322: 9306: 9300: 9285: 9281: 9275: 9273: 9257: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9238: 9230: 9214: 9213:PreventionWeb 9210: 9204: 9189: 9185: 9179: 9163: 9157: 9149: 9148: 9143: 9137: 9135: 9133: 9124: 9123: 9118: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9106: 9089: 9083: 9067: 9061: 9059: 9057: 9055: 9053: 9051: 9049: 9047: 9045: 9043: 9041: 9039: 9037: 9035: 9033: 9025: 9020: 9018: 9016: 9014: 9012: 8995: 8991: 8985: 8983: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8970: 8966: 8965:Auerbach 2009 8961: 8955:, p. 177 8954: 8949: 8942: 8937: 8930: 8926: 8923: 8918: 8912:, p. 887 8911: 8906: 8899: 8894: 8892: 8885:, p. 191 8884: 8879: 8873:, p. 202 8872: 8867: 8860: 8854: 8847: 8842: 8840: 8824: 8820: 8814: 8812: 8795: 8789: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8758: 8743: 8739: 8733: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8725: 8716: 8704: 8688: 8681: 8680: 8673: 8671: 8654: 8650: 8644: 8628: 8624: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8608: 8601: 8596: 8581: 8579:9780306462627 8575: 8571: 8570: 8565: 8561: 8555: 8548: 8543: 8534: 8526: 8522: 8518: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8496: 8490: 8482: 8481: 8473: 8467: 8465: 8463: 8461: 8445: 8441: 8435: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8421: 8419: 8417: 8415: 8399: 8395: 8388: 8382: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8361: 8358: 8354: 8350: 8345: 8343: 8335: 8330: 8323: 8318: 8317: 8309: 8303:, p. 261 8302: 8297: 8281: 8277: 8271: 8269: 8260: 8256: 8250: 8244:, p. 22. 8243: 8238: 8231: 8226: 8218: 8212: 8196: 8192: 8186: 8178: 8172: 8163: 8159: 8153: 8145: 8141: 8135: 8128: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8109: 8100: 8093: 8087: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8057: 8041: 8035: 8028: 8024: 8023: 8018: 8012: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7993: 7985: 7979: 7975: 7974: 7966: 7959: 7954: 7938: 7934: 7929: 7922: 7915: 7911: 7908: 7903: 7896: 7891: 7875: 7871: 7865: 7849: 7845: 7844: 7839: 7832: 7821:September 27, 7816: 7810: 7802: 7798: 7791: 7789: 7772: 7765: 7757: 7753: 7747: 7741: 7736: 7730:, p. 23. 7729: 7724: 7717: 7712: 7705: 7700: 7693: 7689: 7685: 7682: 7676: 7669: 7665: 7660: 7654: 7650: 7645: 7639:, p. 443 7638: 7633: 7631: 7622: 7618: 7614: 7607: 7600: 7595: 7588: 7583: 7577:, p. 158 7576: 7571: 7565:, p. 105 7564: 7559: 7543: 7539: 7533: 7526: 7521: 7514: 7513: 7508: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7490: 7485: 7478: 7473: 7466: 7461: 7454: 7449: 7443:, p. 255 7442: 7437: 7429: 7420: 7412: 7411:The Economist 7408: 7401: 7394: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7376: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7345: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7314: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7283: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7252: 7237: 7233: 7226: 7219: 7215: 7214: 7208: 7206: 7197: 7193: 7192: 7187: 7180: 7178: 7169: 7165: 7160: 7153: 7149: 7144: 7137: 7132: 7126:, p. 333 7125: 7120: 7113: 7108: 7101: 7096: 7089: 7088:Auerbach 2009 7084: 7078:, p. 192 7077: 7072: 7070: 7062: 7061: 7055: 7047: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7028: 7021: 7016: 7009: 7003: 6997:certificate." 6993: 6986: 6985: 6978: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6959: 6957: 6949: 6944: 6936: 6932: 6926: 6920: 6916: 6911: 6904: 6899: 6895: 6890: 6883: 6878: 6871: 6866: 6859: 6854: 6847: 6842: 6835: 6830: 6824:, p. 237 6823: 6818: 6811: 6810: 6805: 6799: 6792: 6787: 6780: 6775: 6768: 6763: 6757:, p. 64. 6756: 6751: 6743: 6737: 6733: 6732: 6724: 6717: 6712: 6705: 6700: 6693: 6688: 6682:, p. 92. 6681: 6676: 6669: 6664: 6657: 6652: 6645: 6640: 6633: 6628: 6621: 6616: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6596: 6591: 6584: 6579: 6577: 6569: 6564: 6557: 6553: 6548: 6542: 6538: 6533: 6531: 6523: 6518: 6511: 6509: 6502: 6495: 6490: 6488: 6480: 6475: 6468: 6463: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6443: 6436: 6431: 6424: 6419: 6412: 6407: 6400: 6395: 6389:, p. 401 6388: 6383: 6377:, p. 15. 6376: 6371: 6364: 6359: 6352: 6347: 6340: 6335: 6328: 6323: 6316: 6311: 6305:, p. 88. 6304: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6287: 6282: 6275: 6270: 6264:, p. 39. 6263: 6258: 6252:, p. 144 6251: 6246: 6239: 6234: 6228:, p. 198 6227: 6222: 6215: 6210: 6203: 6199: 6194: 6187: 6182: 6175: 6171: 6170:Van Luit 2009 6166: 6159: 6154: 6147: 6143: 6138: 6131: 6126: 6120:, p. 397 6119: 6114: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6094: 6087: 6082: 6080: 6072: 6067: 6060: 6055: 6048: 6043: 6037:, p. 148 6036: 6031: 6024: 6019: 6012: 6007: 6001:, p. 24. 6000: 5995: 5988: 5983: 5976: 5971: 5964: 5958: 5951: 5946: 5939: 5934: 5928:, p. 402 5927: 5922: 5916:, p. 219 5915: 5910: 5903: 5898: 5891: 5886: 5880:, p. 25. 5879: 5878:Benjamin 1907 5874: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5858: 5853: 5847:, p. 52. 5846: 5841: 5834: 5829: 5822: 5817: 5810: 5805: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5786: 5779: 5774: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5750: 5744:, p. 107 5743: 5738: 5731: 5725: 5718: 5713: 5707:, p. 206 5706: 5701: 5694: 5689: 5682: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5660: 5656: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5603: 5598: 5591: 5587: 5582: 5573: 5566: 5561: 5555:, p. 195 5554: 5549: 5542: 5537: 5531:, p. 185 5530: 5525: 5523: 5515: 5510: 5508: 5501:, p. 285 5500: 5495: 5489:, p. 96. 5488: 5483: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5456: 5449: 5448: 5443: 5442:Josephus 1860 5438: 5431: 5426: 5419: 5414: 5407: 5402: 5395: 5394: 5389: 5385: 5384:Josephus 1860 5380: 5374:, p. 19. 5373: 5368: 5362:, p. 419 5361: 5356: 5349: 5344: 5337: 5332: 5325: 5320: 5314: 5309: 5302: 5298: 5293: 5286: 5285:2 Samuel, 5:3 5282: 5281:Gottwald 1999 5277: 5269: 5263: 5259: 5258: 5250: 5243: 5238: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5222:Gottwald 1999 5218: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5195: 5190: 5183: 5179: 5174: 5167: 5162: 5156:, p. 45. 5155: 5150: 5143: 5142:Hamilton 1995 5138: 5131: 5126: 5120:, p. 165 5119: 5114: 5107: 5103: 5098: 5090: 5084: 5080: 5079: 5074: 5068: 5061: 5056: 5049: 5048:Kraeling 1925 5044: 5037: 5032: 5025: 5020: 5014:, p. 110 5013: 5012:Albright 2000 5008: 5001: 4996: 4990:, p. 180 4989: 4984: 4977: 4972: 4966:, p. 104 4965: 4960: 4958: 4950: 4945: 4928: 4924: 4923:"source text" 4919: 4918: 4911: 4903: 4899: 4898: 4893: 4886: 4884: 4876: 4872: 4871: 4865: 4864:Cazelles 1981 4860: 4853: 4848: 4842:, p. 59. 4841: 4836: 4829: 4828:Rothrock 2011 4824: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4802: 4797: 4790: 4785: 4779: 4774: 4766: 4760: 4744: 4740: 4733: 4727: 4725: 4713: 4707: 4691: 4687: 4681: 4677: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4642: 4638: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597:, the town's 4596: 4593: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4450: 4445: 4438: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4403: 4398: 4395:Dura Hospital 4391: 4386: 4379: 4374: 4373: 4367: 4364: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4316: 4315:Tamim al-Dari 4312: 4311:night journey 4308: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4238: 4234: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4186: 4182:Aristobolia ( 4181: 4178: 4177: 4176: 4175:Other sites: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4132: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4116:Abner ben Ner 4113: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4045: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4019: 4017: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3958: 3949: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3934:Baghdadi Jews 3930: 3926: 3922: 3921:Givat Ha'avot 3919: 3915: 3910: 3900: 3898: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3867: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3825: 3812: 3800: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3716: 3710: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3685: 3677: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3629: 3621: 3607: 3601: 3594: 3592: 3591:Bab el-Zawiye 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3540: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3515:to the west, 3514: 3513:Bab el-Zawiye 3510: 3506: 3505:Bab el-Zawiye 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3488:Haret Kheitun 3485: 3481: 3477: 3476:Haret Kheitun 3473: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338:Mean monthly 3336: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3244: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3174: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3028: 3023: 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1244, the 1688: 1686: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1632:(the tomb of 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1609: 1605: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1529: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1512:Seljuk period 1508: 1504: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1413: 1411: 1410:Sassanid army 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1345:. During the 1344: 1340: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1246:coastal plain 1243: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1155: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1045:Indo-European 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1003: 993: 991: 987: 984: 980: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 945: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 913: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 878: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 798:, and then a 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 778: 775:was anointed 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 688: 686:pronunciation 678: 677: 668: 663: 650: 648:pronunciation 640: 632: 626: 578: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 528: 525: 521: 517: 515: 511: 508: 505: 501: 497: 492: 488: 485: 482: 478: 474: 472: 469: • 467: 463: 459: 455: 453: 450: • 448: 443: 439: 435: 433: 430: • 428: 423: 420: 417: 413: 409: 406: 402: 397: 394: 391: 389: 385: 381: 377: 374: 370: 366: 364: 360: 355: 327:Coordinates: 325: 318: 297: 288: 280: 270: 262: 257: 253: 249: 245: 234: 225: 214: 205: 196: 185: 176: 167: 156: 147: 137: 129: 127: 124: • 122: 117: 112: 105: 99: 94: 90: 88: 85: • 83: 75: 73: 70: • 68: 63: 59: 54: 47: 41: 37: 33: 19: 18:Beit Hadassah 16425:Torah cities 16164: 15907: 15674: 15658:Western Wall 15653:Temple Mount 15492:Umm al-Khair 15362:Khallet Edar 15208:Khirbet Safa 15071: 15057:ad-Dhahiriya 14991: 14940:Bani Suheila 14826: 14807:ad-Dhahiriya 14693: 14686:the original 14667: 14627: 14613: 14594: 14578:. 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Retrieved 4689: 4680: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4646: 4641: 4620:Oak of Mamre 4577: 4568: 4559: 4550: 4542: 4533: 4525: 4516: 4508: 4500: 4491: 4482: 4473: 4463: 4427: 4423: 4359: 4340: 4328: 4322: 4304: 4260:Adam and Eve 4241: 4206: 4183: 4174: 4154:Oak of Sibta 4151: 4049: 4042: 4002: 3999: 3991:Ramat Yeshai 3990: 3954: 3906: 3894: 3868: 3853: 3830: 3775: 3743: 3738:Hebron glass 3724:Saudi Arabia 3711: 3690: 3658: 3634: 3590: 3586: 3578: 3571:Khalil Takht 3570: 3566: 3562: 3560: 3545: 3532: 3529:el-Musharika 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3479: 3475: 3467: 3461: 3459: 2777:(2007-2018) 2762: 2760: 2743:Nahal Hebron 2742: 2741:), known as 2738: 2735:Hebron River 2731: 2698: 2695:Hebron Hills 2691: 2628: 2610: 2592: 2580:Palestinians 2577: 2573: 2570:Demographics 2546:invited the 2528: 2488: 2420: 2412: 2376: 2356: 2352: 2336: 2284: 2267: 2248: 2225: 2177: 2170: 2151: 2142:The British 2141: 2120: 2108: 2099:Hebron glass 2072: 2062: 2056: 2054: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2018: 2014:Hebron glass 1997: 1986: 1973: 1954: 1941: 1918: 1913: 1887: 1870: 1852: 1834: 1827: 1807: 1787: 1739: 1735:Jawli Mosque 1701: 1692:Khwarazmians 1689: 1678:Hospitallers 1653: 1646: 1641: 1636:). In 1170, 1611: 1607: 1581:Ibn at Athir 1577:Ali of Herat 1531: 1515: 1499: 1481: 1477:al-Muqaddasi 1474: 1461: 1453: 1435: 1419: 1404:in 614 when 1379: 1336: 1262:First Temple 1259: 1232: 1221: 1158: 1154:Elonei Mamre 1151: 1148:in Stuttgart 1120: 1117:ba'alei brit 1116: 1097: 1093:Kirjath-arba 1068: 1060: 1027:royal city. 1010: 989: 985: 978: 968: 963:epithet for 956: 952: 946: 941: 937: 925: 919: 894:glassblowing 879: 824: 742: 738:Christianity 675: 576: 575: 436:74,102 114:(unofficial) 40: 16410:Holy cities 16253:Beit Guvrin 16060:Alexandrium 15951:Beth-nimrah 15883:Bayt Lettif 15609:Holy cities 15573:Holy places 15488:Umm al-Butm 15485:Umm Ashoqan 15279:Beit Maqdum 15230:ash-Shuyukh 15215:Deir Sammit 14945:Beit Hanoun 14817:al-Eizariya 14777:Beit Sahour 14324:November 4, 14130:Smith, W.R. 14057:October 30, 14037:Shragai, N. 13682:Schürer, E. 13025:October 29, 12707:Lustick, I. 12662:October 29, 12480:Lemaire, A. 12447:Laurens, H. 12435:October 29, 12407:November 5, 12260:October 29, 12174:Khalidi, R. 12122:Kedar, B.Z. 11622:January 20, 11540:(in Hebrew) 11093:. Pan Books 11085:Craveri, M. 11022:October 15, 10743:October 27, 10320:October 13, 10299:Aksan, V.H. 10254:October 29, 10192:October 29, 10114:Neuman 2018 10053:Milman 1840 9950:, p. 1 9948:Neuman 2018 9924:Vilnay 1973 9524:Perera 1996 9509:Neuman 2018 8871:Büssow 2011 8800:January 23, 8711:|work= 8334:Neuman 2018 8301:Turner 1820 8146:. May 2007. 7704:Bovard 2004 7501:Bovard 2004 7441:Mattar 2005 7241:February 7, 7020:Robins 2004 6948:Campos 2007 6858:Krämer 2011 6846:Bauman 1994 6779:Tarākī 2006 6692:Campos 2007 6668:Büssow 2011 6595:Tarākī 2006 6583:Tarākī 2006 6537:Conder 1879 6447:Wilson 1881 6435:Wilson 1847 6423:Büssow 2011 6411:Sicker 1999 6399:Wilson 1847 6274:Krämer 2011 6226:Büssow 2011 6198:Conder 1830 6186:Conder 1830 6158:Marcus 1996 6142:Barnay 1992 6130:Perera 1996 6086:Büssow 2011 6059:Berger 2012 6035:Singer 2002 6011:Lamdan 2000 5950:Sharon 1997 5902:Sharon 2003 5809:Kohler 1896 5792:, pp. 5780:, p. 4 5764:, north of 5742:Murray 2000 5681:Singer 2002 5631:, pp. 5586:Forbes 1965 5553:Büssow 2011 5487:Hezser 2002 5348:Carter 1999 5313:Hasson 2016 5297:Japhet 1993 5230:Judges 1:10 5178:Elazar 1998 5118:Mulder 2004 5000:Towner 2001 4964:Sharon 2007 4949:Büssow 2011 4840:Beilin 2004 4749:October 24, 4353:, and some 4201:Islamic era 3987:Tel Rumeida 3973:and served 3914:Kiryat Arba 3896:Or la-Goyim 3841:Arab League 3740:in a market 3517:el-Kazzazin 3450:Shah Faisal 2721:, Halhoul, 2711:Kirayt Arba 2519:bus bombing 2439:Kiryat Arba 2307:Yigal Allon 2287:Six-Day War 2232:Glubb Pasha 2091:C.R. Conder 2069:Kamil Pasha 1982:Bayt Jibrin 1859:drove many 1853:convivencia 1845:Inquisition 1776:Mejr ed-Din 1772:Felix Fabri 1744:(1270) and 1742:Nachmanides 1488:. In 1047, 1394:Justinian I 1361:'s officer 1286:Hellenistic 1233:lmlk Hebron 1132:Tel Rumeida 1021:Tel Rumeida 992:(friend). 847:Six-Day War 816:World War I 812:dissolution 708:, known as 706:governorate 694:Palestinian 536:2017 (41st 533:Inscription 410:(from 1997) 388:Governorate 349: / 256:Hebron Mall 16369:Categories 16336:Dibon Moav 16268:Bror Hayil 16210:Tur Shimon 15994:Gush Halav 15748:Patriarchs 15721:Matriarchs 15445:al-Ramadin 15310:Deir Razih 15274:Beit 'Amra 15199:Beit Ummar 15182:Beit Kahil 15137:Tarqumiyah 15114:Beit Einun 15110:al-Uddeisa 15106:ad-Duwwara 15081:Al Bowereh 15052:Bani Na'im 14980:az-Zawayda 14970:Khan Yunis 14950:Beit Lahia 14927:Gaza Strip 14787:Beit Ummar 14772:Bani Na'im 14489:Wright, R. 14419:October 5, 14397:October 5, 14385:Wilson, J. 14303:Vilnay, Z. 14253:Turner, W. 14194:Tarākī, L. 14097:Singer, A. 13933:Sharon, M. 13894:Sharon, M. 13861:Sharon, M. 13745:Leeser, I. 13690:Vermes, G. 13686:Millar, F. 13598:Pace, E.A. 13558:(1965c) . 13525:(1965b) . 13492:(1965a) . 13439:October 5, 13226:Perera, V. 13058:Gibson, S. 12873:Angold, M. 12837:Meri, J.W. 12793:Mattar, P. 12503:October 7, 12299:Krämer, G. 12087:October 5, 12010:Japhet, S. 11717:Graetz, H. 11546:Gil, Moshe 11032:Conder, J. 10786:LeVine, M. 10722:Büssow, J. 10613:Bovard, J. 10470:October 5, 10449:Beilin, Y. 10348:October 5, 9731:Mondoweiss 9619:Platt 2012 9583:Falah 1985 9493:, p. 9147:Al Monitor 9122:Al Jazeera 8967:, p. 8953:Ricca 2007 8910:Brill 1993 8898:Kedar 2000 8883:Efrat 1984 8444:www.hrc.ps 8127:elsewhere. 7895:Harel 2002 7575:Feige 2009 7563:Cohen 1985 7164:Segev 2008 7076:Efrat 1984 6915:Segev 2001 6903:Nashashibi 6870:Segev 2001 6791:Cohen 2008 6755:Cohen 2008 6656:Renan 1864 6539:, p. 6510:, Volume 2 6375:Cohen 2015 6098:David 2010 6071:Green 2007 5999:David 2010 5657:, p. 5206:Glick 1994 5194:Magen 2007 5130:Alter 1996 5036:Smith 1903 4816:Alimi 2013 4502:Casablanca 4464:Hebron is 4335:traveller 4085:Matriarchs 4081:Patriarchs 3962:1929 riots 3887:King David 3879:Redemption 3831:Under the 3770:World Bank 3758:Tarqumiyah 3726:and other 3563:Khalil Foq 3533:el-Kheitun 2723:Beit Kahel 2671:Bani Na'im 2657:, both in 2311:Allon Plan 2285:After the 2180:Lithuanian 2026:Suez Canal 1998:brit milah 1900:Emissaries 1865:kabbalists 1602:Maimonides 1526:See also: 1406:Khosrau II 1402:Shahrbaraz 1197:King David 1037:Shuwardata 1013:Bronze Age 1000:See also: 827:1929 riots 814:following 546:Endangered 452:Metropolis 445:Population 432:Metropolis 399:Government 337:35°05′49″E 334:31°31′43″N 107:(official) 58:Metropolis 16313:Shihlayim 16120:by region 16019:Tarichaea 16009:Jodapatha 15961:Machaerus 15923:Jerusalem 15893:Caphethra 15863:by region 15635:Jerusalem 15633:Temple in 15618:Jerusalem 15585:Holy Land 15526:al-Arroub 15481:at-Tuwani 15450:ar-Rihiya 15436:an-Najada 15374:at-Tabaqa 15358:al-Karmil 15314:ad-Deirat 15298:al-Buweib 15233:(Hamrush) 15177:Beit Awwa 14960:Gaza City 14892:Tarqumiya 14797:Bethlehem 14782:Beit Jala 14754:West Bank 14520:Yatom, D. 14305:(1973) . 14280:. Brill. 13981:August 1, 13830:(2008) . 13828:Segev, T. 13795:Segev, T. 13753:. A. Hart 13397:Smith, E. 13296:. Trübner 13288:Renan, E. 13257:Platt, E. 13228:(1996) . 13214:August 1, 13147:. Knopf. 13121:Routledge 13054:Negev, A. 12649:. Brill. 12584:Levin, J. 12550:(1993) . 12394:. Brill. 12291:171070877 12256:. R. Mass 12176:(1998) . 12046:. Brill. 12000:August 1, 11770:Harel, A. 11739:Green, T. 11548:(1997) . 11484:(1965) . 11458:(1860) . 10971:Cohen, H. 10940:Cohen, H. 10840:"Chābhar" 10730:. Brill. 10681:. Brill. 10615:(2004) . 10560:Bonar, H. 10266:Alter, R. 10235:(1994) . 10233:Adler, E. 10171:(2000) . 9906:August 3, 9850:Finn 1868 9558:0377-919X 9544:(1): 72. 9000:August 1, 8780:2247-8310 8747:August 3, 8713:ignored ( 8703:cite book 8659:August 3, 8633:August 4, 8525:1999-0804 8449:August 3, 8403:August 6, 8201:March 29, 8118:ReliefWeb 8076:March 30, 8066:ReliefWeb 7880:April 13, 7740:Levy 2012 7548:March 26, 7419:cite news 7407:"unknown" 7171:unclear." 6834:Wein 1993 6479:Finn 1878 6351:Finn 1878 6262:Finn 1868 6250:Shaw 1808 5975:Meri 2004 5845:Boas 1999 5565:Hiro 1999 5418:Duke 2010 5406:Duke 2010 5166:Lied 2008 4673:Citations 4570:Şanlıurfa 4522:(Morocco) 4513:, England 4504:, Morocco 4351:olive oil 4296:Elizabeth 4146:Al-Jawali 3750:Beersheba 3718:going to 3645:Bethlehem 3641:Jerusalem 3521:el-Akkabi 3509:el-Sheikh 2775:Palestine 2651:Beersheba 2643:Jerusalem 2631:West Bank 2617:Geography 2507:an ambush 2295:West Bank 2240:Armistice 2234:sent 350 1873:kabbalist 1784:Qa'it Bay 1654:Al-Khalil 1589:Damascene 1585:disturbed 1565:synagogue 1534:Caliphate 1494:Safarnama 1375:Terebinth 1359:Vespasian 1102:from the 1073:Kenizzite 1049:Abdi-Ḫeba 1025:Canaanite 979:Al-Khalil 957:al-Khalīl 953:al-Khalīl 916:Etymology 886:limestone 871:H2 Hebron 722:Jerusalem 702:Jerusalem 698:West Bank 639:al-Khalīl 523:Reference 317:Palestine 104:Al-Khalīl 98:ISO 259-3 16170:Herodium 15913:Herodium 15898:Ein Gedi 15726:Benjamin 15703:Tombs of 15685:Tiberias 15623:Holiness 15341:Imneizil 15329:al-Heila 15317:Fuqeiqis 15260:Villages 15187:Beit Ula 14992:de facto 14912:al-Yamun 14867:Ramallah 14857:Qalqilya 14852:Qabatiya 14802:al-Bireh 14792:Beitunia 14682:"Hebron" 14624:"Hebron" 14606:(1911). 14590:"Hebron" 14580:April 9, 14558:July 26, 14533:July 31, 14491:(2008). 14477:July 27, 14447:July 26, 14409:(1881). 14387:(1847). 14375:July 26, 14356:(1993). 14354:Wein, B. 14344:June 22, 14255:(1820). 14243:July 26, 14184:July 26, 14165:(1999). 14151:July 20, 14118:July 26, 14099:(2002). 14085:July 26, 14027:July 26, 14005:July 27, 13995:(1808). 13993:Shaw, T. 13954:July 21, 13935:(2007). 13921:July 20, 13896:(2003). 13882:July 21, 13849:July 26, 13816:July 26, 13797:(2001). 13783:July 31, 13757:July 26, 13732:July 26, 13711:July 26, 13692:(1973). 13670:July 26, 13640:July 26, 13590:"Hebron" 13577:July 26, 13544:July 26, 13511:July 26, 13478:July 27, 13453:(2003). 13409:July 26, 13399:(1856). 13381:July 26, 13351:July 20, 13300:July 26, 13290:(1864). 13259:(2012). 13160:July 26, 13141:(1999). 13079:July 26, 12997:July 26, 12978:(1998). 12964:July 26, 12916:July 27, 12906:(1840). 12892:July 20, 12839:(2004). 12827:July 26, 12795:(2005). 12769:(1996). 12732:July 25, 12709:(1988). 12695:July 25, 12676:(2007). 12632:July 31, 12617:Levy, G. 12607:July 25, 12586:(2005). 12562:(eds.). 12536:July 25, 12517:(1890). 12482:(2006). 12468:July 25, 12449:(1999). 12379:July 25, 12360:(2002). 12348:July 20, 12301:(2011). 12226:July 26, 12195:July 28, 12164:July 25, 12124:(2000). 12112:July 26, 12059:July 26, 12031:July 26, 12012:(1993). 11990:(1917). 11978:July 23, 11959:(1995). 11947:July 23, 11928:(2000). 11899:"Hebron" 11869:(1999). 11867:Hiro, D. 11857:July 26, 11805:July 26, 11760:July 23, 11741:(2007). 11729:July 27, 11707:July 27, 11688:(1999). 11676:July 23, 11657:(2007). 11645:July 26, 11588:July 25, 11520:July 31, 11472:July 26, 11446:July 26, 11413:July 25, 11403:(1878). 11401:Finn, J. 11391:July 25, 11381:(1868). 11379:Finn, J. 11369:July 25, 11350:(2001). 11334:July 28, 11260:July 25, 11211:July 26, 11192:"Hebron" 11181:July 20, 11097:July 20, 11087:(1967). 11056:(2006). 11044:July 26, 11034:(1830). 11017:23589738 11001:(1879). 10973:(2015). 10961:July 25, 10930:July 26, 10902:July 20, 10883:(1967). 10871:July 26, 10854:(eds.). 10838:(1981). 10826:July 20, 10788:(eds.). 10771:July 25, 10724:(2011). 10712:July 31, 10705:B'Tselem 10666:July 24, 10638:July 31, 10603:July 26, 10572:July 21, 10562:(1858). 10550:July 25, 10522:March 8, 10451:(2004). 10439:July 20, 10400:July 20, 10360:(2009). 10287:July 26, 10268:(1996). 10223:July 26, 10129:Archived 10065:Gil 1997 9786:July 31, 9670:Archived 9448:Archived 9388:Archived 9311:June 23, 9307:. Xinhua 9289:June 23, 9261:June 23, 9219:June 23, 9193:June 23, 9168:June 23, 9094:June 23, 9072:March 3, 8925:Archived 8828:July 31, 8353:Archived 8144:B'Tselem 8099:B'Tselem 7937:Archived 7910:Archived 7773:. Chabad 7684:Archived 7384:Archived 6718:, page 9 5890:Gil 1997 5758:Hainault 5705:Gil 1997 5602:Gil 1997 5541:Gil 1997 5184:.ch. 23) 5075:(1972). 4933:July 30, 4599:football 4589:See also 4574:(Turkey) 4565:(France) 4547:, Serbia 4544:Kraljevo 4539:(Turkey) 4535:Keçiören 4497:(Turkey) 4488:(Turkey) 4479:(Jordan) 4307:Muhammad 4280:Ethiopia 4264:Damascus 4197:basilica 4188:Istanbul 3768:and the 3746:Tel Aviv 3649:Ramallah 3525:el-Haram 3498:and the 3385:Percent 3380:3,033.2 3290:Average 3241:(18.58) 2891:(102.2) 2866:(102.2) 2727:Beit Ola 2719:Tarqumia 2655:Tel Aviv 2588:Old City 2531:B'Tselem 2383:attacked 2364:Al Fatah 2291:occupied 2158:Haj Amin 2144:occupied 2087:Istanbul 1974:serasker 1714:minarets 1674:Templars 1630:Sebastia 1563:and the 1553:Frankish 1538:Crusader 1486:Fatimids 1462:Baḥr Lūṭ 1458:Dead Sea 1454:al-Naqab 1446:Bedouins 1400:general 1398:Sassanid 1367:Josephus 1244:and the 1242:Shepelah 1238:Dead Sea 1109:covenant 1104:Hittites 1085:Nephilim 1033:Hittites 961:Qur'anic 942:alliance 865:and the 829:and the 788:Edomites 671:חֶבְרוֹן 566:152.2 ha 514:Criteria 252:Old City 111:Al-Ḫalīl 16346:Samaria 16318:Tittura 16308:Modi'in 16205:Shemtov 16195:Nachash 16075:Narbata 16052:Samaria 16023:Magdala 16014:Selamin 15999:Jamnith 15979:Bersabe 15971:Galilee 15789:Ezekiel 15577:Judaism 15476:Tarrama 15466:as-Sura 15424:al-Majd 15345:Imreish 15287:al-Burj 15128:(incl: 15125:as-Samu 15104:(incl: 15077:al-Baqa 14965:Jabalia 14902:Tulkarm 14887:as-Samu 14842:Jericho 14762:Abu Dis 14636:2300777 14574:Haaretz 14227:Genesis 14046:Haaretz 14022:Haaretz 13904:(ed.). 13747:(ed.). 13247:July 1, 12945:"Qirya" 12875:(ed.). 12626:Haaretz 11905:(ed.). 11821:Haaretz 11779:Haaretz 11605:(ed.). 11462:(ed.). 10161:Sources 9835:July 8, 9809:July 7, 9695:Haaretz 9653:Haaretz 9635:Haaretz 9284:pipa.ps 9188:news.cn 8362:. 2021. 8280:Haaretz 7664:Haaretz 7649:Haaretz 7512:Haaretz 7355:Haaretz 7324:Haaretz 7262:Haaretz 7236:Haaretz 6969:Haaretz 6238:WV 1833 5592:, 1908. 5182:Genesis 4875:ḥbr/ḫbr 4696:May 17, 4583:(China) 4530:(India) 4484:Beyoğlu 4466:twinned 4411:in 1947 4370:Gallery 4355:raisins 4347:lentils 4342:imarets 4333:Persian 4219:of the 4217:Saladin 4213:As-Samu 4185:Khirbet 4170:zawiyas 4148:mosque. 4105:Rebecca 4089:Abraham 4027:Tourism 4022:Culture 3918:outpost 3883:Abraham 3615:Economy 3494:), the 3236:(3.74) 3231:(1.58) 3226:(0.74) 3221:(0.06) 3201:(0.19) 3196:(0.61) 3191:(1.96) 3186:(4.28) 3181:(5.44) 3171:(25.2) 3166:(27.5) 3161:(39.2) 3156:(49.3) 3151:(53.6) 3146:(59.0) 3141:(57.2) 3136:(51.8) 3131:(43.9) 3126:(37.4) 3121:(30.2) 3116:(28.4) 3111:(25.2) 3101:(55.3) 3096:(44.6) 3091:(52.3) 3086:(60.6) 3081:(64.0) 3076:(67.3) 3071:(66.6) 3066:(63.5) 3061:(59.5) 3056:(52.5) 3051:(47.5) 3046:(43.9) 3041:(41.7) 3031:(62.4) 3026:(51.3) 3021:(58.6) 3016:(67.1) 3011:(71.8) 3006:(75.0) 3001:(74.7) 2996:(71.6) 2991:(67.3) 2986:(60.4) 2981:(54.1) 2976:(50.0) 2971:(46.9) 2961:(71.0) 2956:(58.8) 2951:(68.0) 2946:(75.9) 2941:(82.0) 2936:(84.9) 2931:(84.6) 2926:(81.5) 2921:(77.0) 2916:(69.3) 2911:(61.7) 2906:(55.8) 2901:(52.5) 2886:(79.9) 2881:(85.1) 2876:(94.1) 2871:(96.8) 2861:(98.2) 2856:(99.7) 2851:(96.8) 2846:(93.2) 2841:(87.8) 2836:(77.0) 2831:(76.1) 2757:Climate 2599:Saladin 2148:mandate 2113:of the 1922:Western 1908:Ali Bey 1890:yeshiva 1880:Karaite 1841:Selim I 1789:madrasa 1782:Sultan 1752:there. 1719:Ayyubid 1710:Baibars 1662:Ottoman 1658:Kurdish 1649:Saladin 1448:in the 1355:Zealots 1322:Idumean 1282:Persian 1266:Edomite 1224:Lachish 1209:Absalom 1185:Sheshai 1173:Levites 1113:Amorite 1077:Hurrian 996:History 983:toponym 965:Abraham 934:Amorite 908:by the 902:bazaars 890:pottery 777:king of 765:Rebecca 749:Abraham 730:Judaism 692:) is a 558:20.6 ha 538:Session 480:Website 475:700,000 456:201,063 367:159/103 16380:Hebron 16283:'Ethri 16278:Emmaus 16273:Dikrin 16263:Burgin 16230:Zikhri 16185:Midras 16180:Koseva 16165:Hebron 16155:Gophna 16065:Thamna 15989:Gabara 15956:Livias 15933:Masada 15908:Hebron 15903:Gerasa 15870:Judaea 15794:Daniel 15768:Samuel 15763:Joshua 15758:Joseph 15753:Rachel 15714:Israel 15675:Hebron 15531:Fawwar 15414:Kuseis 15406:al-Kum 15401:Khursa 15337:Hureiz 15250:Taffuh 15220:Kharas 15118:Kuziba 15085:Qalqas 15067:Halhul 15044:Cities 14907:Ya'bad 14882:Salfit 14872:Rawabi 14847:Nablus 14827:Hebron 14822:Halhul 14767:Arraba 14742:Cities 14634: 14501: 14468: 14438: 14366: 14315: 14293:May 4, 14284: 14234: 14206: 14175: 14142: 14109: 14076: 13945: 13912: 13873: 13840: 13807: 13702: 13661: 13631: 13568: 13535: 13502: 13469: 13430: 13372: 13342: 13319: 13269: 13238: 13179: 13151: 13127: 13102: 13070: 13042: 13016: 12988: 12955: 12883: 12849: 12805: 12779: 12753: 12723: 12686: 12653: 12598: 12570: 12527: 12494: 12459: 12426: 12398: 12370: 12339: 12311: 12289: 12217: 12186: 12155: 12134: 12078: 12050: 12022: 11969: 11938: 11913: 11879: 11848: 11751: 11698: 11667: 11613: 11579: 11558: 11360: 11325: 11304: 11281: 11251: 11230: 11202: 11172: 11144: 11116: 11066: 11015: 10987: 10952: 10921: 10893: 10862: 10817: 10796: 10762: 10734: 10685: 10657: 10629: 10594: 10541: 10513: 10492: 10461: 10430: 10391: 10370: 10339: 10311: 10278: 10245: 10214: 10183: 10097: 10024: 9997: 9970: 9872: 9556: 9363: 9336: 9252: 8778: 8576: 8523: 8513: 8322:Pasha. 7980: 7042: 6738: 6607:zawaya 6106:tahrir 6102:Tahrir 5474:6:18; 5470:11:5; 5464:Jerome 5264: 5102:Joshua 5085: 4917:Qur'an 4904:: 606. 4552:Medina 4527:Jajmau 4468:with: 4428:Qidreh 4276:Arabia 4075:. The 4065:Mamluk 4060:UNESCO 3845:Jordan 3720:Jordan 3486:, the 3452:, the 3377:165.7 3374:186.5 3371:243.2 3368:279.3 3365:346.9 3362:363.8 3359:337.9 3356:313.1 3353:261.3 3350:214.5 3347:156.7 3344:164.3 3216:(0.0) 3211:(0.0) 3206:(0.0) 2782:Month 2701:) and 2683:Taffuh 2679:Halhul 2667:Jordan 2659:Israel 2509:. Two 2305:deal, 2259:Jordan 2111:consul 2064:sanjak 1896:sheikh 1794:Medina 1780:Mamluk 1707:Sultan 1704:Mamluk 1682:Sultan 1664:rule. 1597:relics 1561:mosque 1507:Geniza 1438:Arculf 1193:Talmai 1191:, and 1189:Ahiman 1177:Kohath 1161:Joshua 1142:Samson 1087:. 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