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24:
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Today there are a growing number of regional microbrew festivals held throughout Japan, including the Great Japan Beer
Festival series held annually in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Yokohama. Every year, the Japan Craft Beer Association holds the Japan Beer Cup, while a competing organization, Japan Craft
656:
In 1994, Japan's strict tax laws were relaxed allowing smaller breweries producing 60,000 litres (15,850 gal) per year for a beer license or 6000 litres per year for a happoshu license. Before this change, breweries could not get a license without producing at least 2 million litres (528,000 gal) per
355:
accounting for less than 1% of domestic beer consumption and selected premium imported beers, market opportunities continue to expand. According to local market data, in the first eight months of 2012, shipments of domestic craft beer rose 7.7 percent while sales by Japan's largest brewers continued
797:
In the US, all four major
Japanese brands are available. These include Sapporo Draft, Kirin Ichiban (Number One, as opposed to the normal Lager which is not available), Asahi Super Dry, and Suntory Premium Malt's. Asahi is produced by Molson in Canada, Kirin is produced at Anheuser-Busch facilities
753:
although, as of 2012, this has become much less common in major cities. Some vending machines have motion activated advertising that displays on small TV screens embedded into them. They play beer commercials and jingles that are seen on TV and heard on the radio. These vending machines began to be
710:
In the 2000s however, thanks to factors such as licensed production for some bar and restaurant chains, cooperation between micro breweries, and a more educated consumer base, craft beer has seen a more sustained rise in domestic demand. Improved product quality, word of mouth marketing facilitated
810:
in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Suntory, brewed in and imported from Japan, is available on tap in select major markets. The availability of brands depends on an individual state's liquor laws, resulting in some beers being available in some places and others not. For example, in
Oklahoma, Asahi Super
362:
In 2020, Kirin surpassed Asahi in the
Japanese beer market, holding a 37.1 percent share compared to Asahi's 35.2 percent. This marked the first time since 2001 that Kirin outperformed Asahi. Kirin's market share increased by 1.9 percentage points year-on-year, while Asahi's share decreased by 1.7
347:
Japan ranked 51st in 2014, equivalent to 42.6 liters per person, reflecting the diversified alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverage market enjoyed by
Japanese consumers. Demographic factors are expected to continue to push down sales of mass-market beer products in Japan for the foreseeable future as
707:(low-malt beer), compared to the high cost microbrews, forced a number of early microbreweries out of business. The dominance of the major industrial brewers and the relative high cost and low volume involved in producing micros led to their only being known to a small number of beer enthusiasts.
702:
including ales, IPAs, stout, pilsner, weissbier, kölsch, fruit beers and others. After the relaxation of the Liquor Tax Law in 1994, there was an initial boom in microbrewing, but the quality of regional microbrews were often mixed and initial consumer enthusiasm leveled off. The popularity of
781:
means that open consumption of alcohol on the street or ordinary commuter trains is rare. Japan has very strict laws against operating a motor vehicle or riding a bicycle during or after the consumption of alcohol. Fines, prison time and other penalties can also apply to individuals deemed
348:
younger consumers are drinking less beer than previous generations. For the calendar year 2013, overall shipments for Japan's five largest brewers were 433.57 million cases, (a case is equivalent to 12.66 liters of beer or 27 US pints) more than 20% off the market peak achieved in 1992.
228:
having vibrant craft beer scenes, generally with a focus on locally produced and imported beers from the US and Europe. In 2014, Kirin entered the craft beer market with the launch of a wholly owned subsidiary, Spring Valley
Brewing, and two brewpubs in Daikanyama, Tokyo, and Namamugi,
314:
Restrictions during the Second World War that limited the use of rice for making sake boosted beer consumption; by the 1950s, beer was Japan's most popular alcoholic drink. In the 1980s, the country gained renown for its "dry" beer, pioneered by brewers like Asahi.
711:
by social media websites, the attention given to the rise of US-based craft brewing industry and the growth of independent craft beer retail outlets in major cities, have all contributed to the recent success enjoyed by
Japanese craft brewers.
212:
have also become increasingly popular since deregulation in 1994, supplying distinct tasting beers in a variety of styles that seek to match the emphasis on craftsmanship, quality, and ingredient provenance often associated with
478:, in reference to their even lower tax, despite not being labelled beer as such. To replace the highly taxed malt, brewers have developed innovative sources of starch and sugar to be fermented into alcohol not commonly used as
265:
in 1854 opening Japan to foreign trade. European-style beer was not always immediately popular: one
Japanese official described the beer presented by Commodore Matthew Perry at Kanagawa as tasting like "bitter horse piss".
748:
Other than in serviced restaurants and bars, in Japan beer can be purchased at a wide variety of outlets, including supermarkets, convenience stores, and kiosks at train stations. Beer can also be sold in
1335:
594:
to an unfavourable reception. Production of
Sapporo Dry and Sapporo Draft was halted less than two years after their respective launches, and Sapporo Draft later returned to being Black Label.
814:
Kiuchi brewery was the first
Japanese microbrewery to export beer from Japan. Many other Japanese microbreweries now export to North America, Europe, Australia, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
493:
A tax law revision that went into effect in 2018 lowered the malt requirement for the beer category, allowed more ingredients in beer, and introduced a plan to have beer and
1384:
583:
in direct competition with Asahi Super Dry, but ended up cannibalising profits on their own Kirin Lager Beer brand. Kirin never ended up regaining its 50% market share.
822:
Although it is technically illegal in Japan to produce beverages containing more than 1% alcohol without a license, the law is rarely adhered to for homebrewers, and
634:. In autumn, for instance, "autumn beers" are brewed with a higher alcohol content, typically 6% as opposed to the common 5% of Asahi Super Dry. For example, Kirin's
2507:
2487:
359:
As of January 2014, Asahi, with a 38% market share, was the largest of the four major beer producers in Japan followed by Kirin with 35% and Suntory with 15%.
2285:
336:
global beer market in 2012 was about 5.55 million kiloliters or about 3.0%. This statistic for total beer consumption in Japan also includes the beer-like
777:
Beer can legally be consumed almost anywhere in public, with notable exceptions for organized events, summer festivals and spring cherry blossom parties.
446:
is taxed less than beer, and thus has appeal to the consumer. Beverages with less than 25% malt or no malt at all are often called "third-category beers"
1327:
794:
and beer products have been successfully exported worldwide or are produced locally under license and are distributed in a number of overseas markets.
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after increasing the alcohol content from 5% to 5.5%. This achieved reasonable results, although not enough to slow down demand of Asahi Super Dry.
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344:
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beer. The beer cans are typically decorated with pictures of autumn leaves, and the beers are advertised as being suitable for drinking with
1557:
1216:
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329:) are the most popular alcoholic drink in Japan, accounting for nearly two thirds of the 9 billion liters of alcohol consumed in 2006.
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traces its founding heritage to the start of the Osaka Beer Brewing Company in 1889, and the launch of the Asahi Beer brand in 1892.
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Brewed alcoholic beverages in Japan are labelled and taxed according to their malt content (i.e., amount of alcohol derived from
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There are currently over 200 microbreweries in Japan, although many in this number are financially tied to larger
675:, or "local beer", although Japanese microbrew industry professionals are increasingly using the name "craft beer"
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2604:
2115:
1998:
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favorable tax rate "may in the long run favor traditional beer". Before 2018, the beer requirement was 67% malt.
2055:
281:, but trained brewers from Europe and elsewhere also arrived to contribute to the growth of the local industry.
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2250:
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45:
41:
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with beer, as a part of a group, sports team or after-work corporate social bonding activity, is widespread.
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56:
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2018:
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2013:
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After of relaxation of tax laws in the early 1990s, the commonly used term for microbrew in Japan was
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responsible for supplying alcohol to an intoxicated driver and those traveling in the same vehicle.
261:. However, beer was not widely available until the end of the 19th century, with the signing of the
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2003:
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Beer can be sold in vending machines although, this has become much less common in major cities.
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producers, restaurant chains, resort hotels or similar. Microbreweries in Japan produce various
120:
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The Kirin Brewery Company, which held 50% share of the Japanese domestic beer market, launched
262:
929:
2543:
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2351:
206:, have captured a large part of the market, as tax is substantially lower on these products.
2584:
2434:
2295:
1612:
81:
1475:
1450:
1187:"Why Asahi lost its No. 1 spot in the Japanese beer market for the first time in 20 years"
590:
in February 1988, and in May 1989 rebranded their flagship product Sapporo Black Label as
8:
2523:
2502:
2189:
1950:
1732:
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year. As a result, a number of smaller breweries have been established throughout Japan.
601:
brand in February 1988 in an "I don't do dry" campaign, while at the same time launching
2703:
2040:
1880:
1692:
1640:
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763:
293:
233:, which opened in 2015. Industrial brewery Sapporo also released a craft line in 2015.
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2459:
2356:
2179:
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Dry, Sapporo, and Orion are available, whereas in Texas, Kirin Ichiban is prevalent.
807:
778:
379:
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must have at least 50% malt, while beverages with less malt are collectively called
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1975:
1935:
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1910:
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by Asahi Breweries which led to the introduction of dry beer by other breweries.
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140:
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2085:
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1813:
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209:
556:, was a period of intense competition between Japanese brewery companies over
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2372:
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1980:
1940:
1875:
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1655:
1645:
1597:
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1307:
771:
631:
579:. However, they were unable to stop Asahi's momentum. In 1990 Kirin launched
390:
is distinguished by its lower price and the absence of the word "beer" (ビール).
374:
292:
in late 1869 as the Spring Valley Brewery, a private business established by
285:
214:
136:
2219:
851:
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was founded in 1876 as a part of a government-directed development plan for
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1627:
843:
572:
352:
274:
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857:
823:
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333:
220:
Craft beer bars and pubs are also popular in Japan's major cities, with
177:
2424:
2382:
699:
610:
254:
167:
148:
1206:"酒 税 法 等 の 改 正 の あ ら ま し (Summary of revisions to the Liquor Tax Law)"
2790:
2780:
2563:
1360:"Japan: New beer taxation to turn beer and malt industry upside down"
754:
phased out in June 2000, mainly over concerns of underage drinking.
23:
2325:
2320:
2235:
871:
640:
618:
557:
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417:
325:
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Beer Support, has launched the annual Nippon Craft Beer Festival.
2416:
791:
528:
483:
395:
163:
144:
1271:"Winners emerge in crowded market for purine-free low-malt beer"
648:(ふゆものがたり, translated as "The Winter's Tale" on the can) appear.
1164:"Imported $ 60 Stout Opens Doors for Japan Craft Beer Revival"
1138:"Japan's Beer Drinkers Still Not Raising a Glass to Abenomics"
989:. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: UBC Press. p. 12.
644:(one-pot cooking). Similarly, in winter, beers such as 冬物語 or
826:
supplies are available from high street stores and websites.
250:
225:
221:
1515:"Suntory Debuts "The Premium Malt's" Pilsner Beer in the US"
987:
Brewed in Japan: the evolution of the Japanese beer industry
571:
in February 1988 in an advertising campaign featuring actor
124:
The Hakata brewery of Asahi, Japan's biggest brewing company
2412:
695:
277:
and Bass Stout were available in limited quantities in the
246:
242:
171:
156:
1328:"Japan's 1st zero-carb regular beer to hit shelves in Oct"
1131:
1129:
900:
Harrell, Bryan (2012). "Japan". In Oliver, Garrett (ed.).
785:
487:
332:
Japan's domestic consumption of the total 187.37 million
152:
616:
The Dry Wars were criticised in an episode of the manga
170:
in Japan, beer-like beverages made with lower levels of
2508:
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
1126:
575:, and in April of the same year launched the all-malt
131:
mostly comes from the country's four major breweries,
2286:
Foreign commerce and shipping of the Empire of Japan
833:
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1465:"To Foreign Nationals who Drive Vehicles in Japan"
622:(the Gourmet), published at around the same time.
1294:Fujikawa, Atsuko Fukase and Megumi (2016-08-31).
497:taxed at the same rates in 2026. This erosion of
2803:
2208:List of countries by beer consumption per capita
1565:
1412:(1st ed.). Yokohama: Bright Wave Media Inc.
1157:
1155:
2488:Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
684:
661:
471:
455:
430:
407:
192:
175:
1425:"Craft Beer Market, Tokyo's artisan ale haven"
678:
668:
465:
449:
424:
401:
269:As Japan reopened to foreign trade during the
199:
184:
2251:
1551:
1152:
1531:Directory of Japanese Brewers (RateBeer.com)
954:
952:
950:
249:is thought to have been first introduced to
1451:"Should time be called on public drinking?"
609:in an advertising campaign featuring boxer
2730:Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association
2600:
2590:
2258:
2244:
1558:
1544:
1100:
735:
691:in their labels and marketing literature.
155:. Beer is immensely popular, far ahead of
2725:Japan Association of Corporate Executives
1161:
1090:"Global Beer Consumption by Country 2014"
984:
947:
718:
166:style lagers, the most commonly produced
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
2549:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
1410:Craft Beer in Japan, The Essential Guide
1293:
1056:
1037:
739:
373:
119:
2493:Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
1014:. Oxford University Press. p. 67.
899:
507:
2804:
2756:Government-business relations in Japan
1422:
1246:ビール酒造組合 (Brewers Association of Japan)
1009:
786:Japanese beers available outside Japan
766:in Japan is 20 years old. In terms of
586:Sapporo Breweries launched the doomed
560:. It began in 1987 with the launch of
2239:
1539:
1354:
1352:
1296:"Japan's Beer Industry – The Numbers"
1200:
1198:
1196:
1135:
930:"Discovering Tokyo's Craft Beer Bars"
2265:
1407:
1136:Kachi, Hiroyuki (January 16, 2014).
1064:"Global Beer Consumption by Country"
1033:
1031:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
443:(also translated as "low-malt beer")
366:
345:national per capita beer consumption
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
2595:List of Japan natural gas companies
2342:Monetary and fiscal policy of Japan
1239:
770:, beer drinking and opening formal
757:
13:
2652:Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
2291:Agriculture in the Empire of Japan
1349:
1193:
14:
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2771:Research and development in Japan
2483:Japan External Trade Organization
1524:
1184:
1028:
884:
651:
625:
2599:
2589:
2218:
1501:"Molson to brew Asahi Super Dry"
1040:"What the Japanese are drinking"
1038:Campbell, William (2007-04-13).
850:
836:
245:long predates European contact,
22:
2776:Science and technology in Japan
2621:International rankings of Japan
2605:List of power stations in Japan
2316:Japan–South Korea trade dispute
1507:
1493:
1457:
1453:. BBC News Online. 2 June 2008.
1443:
1416:
1401:
1377:
1338:from the original on 2021-03-02
1320:
1287:
1263:
1252:from the original on 2012-07-22
1233:
1222:from the original on 2018-04-02
1178:
1162:Yamaguchi, Yuki (7 June 2013).
806:, and Sapporo is produced at a
253:in the 17th century during the
33:needs additional citations for
1082:
1070:. Kirin Beer University Report
1003:
985:Alexander, Jeffrey W. (2013).
978:
922:
817:
630:Many breweries in Japan offer
351:However, for locally produced
318:
284:The brewery that would become
189:, literally, "bubbly alcohol")
1:
2636:Prefectures by GDP per capita
2378:Banknotes of the Japanese yen
2203:Alcohol preferences in Europe
1408:Meli, Mark (September 2013).
878:
1567:Beer and breweries by region
1094:Kirin Beer University Report
1012:The Oxford Companion to Beer
902:The Oxford Companion to Beer
866:Beer and breweries by region
7:
2786:Standard of living in Japan
2751:Economic relations of Japan
2529:Japanese management culture
2445:Financial services in Japan
2306:Japanese asset price bubble
1213:National Tax Agency (Japan)
829:
685:
662:
539:
472:
456:
431:
408:
193:
176:
10:
2833:
2347:Industrial policy of Japan
790:Japanese-style commercial
241:Although the tradition of
236:
2817:Japanese alcoholic drinks
2743:
2735:Japan Business Federation
2717:
2644:
2626:List of largest companies
2613:
2572:
2534:Japanese work environment
2516:
2478:Financial Services Agency
2468:Development Bank of Japan
2458:
2450:Japanese financial system
2411:
2403:Scrip of Edo period Japan
2365:
2334:
2301:Japanese economic miracle
2281:Economic history of Japan
2273:
2198:
2172:
2136:
1991:
1771:
1626:
1573:
1140:. The Wall Street Journal
679:
669:
466:
450:
425:
402:
386:Packaged very similarly,
273:, imported beers such as
200:
185:
2761:List of exports of Japan
2393:National Printing Bureau
1010:Oliver, Garrett (2012).
398:grains): legally, "beer"
356:a year on year decline.
1068:www.kirinholdings.co.jp
960:"How Beer Came to Asia"
906:Oxford University Press
736:Methods of distribution
597:Suntory launched their
147:, which mainly produce
2766:National debt of Japan
2440:Capital flows in Japan
2213:List of microbreweries
1472:National Police Agency
800:Williamsburg, Virginia
745:
719:Notable microbreweries
391:
382:selection of beer and
125:
2473:Fair Trade Commission
2352:Trade policy of Japan
1114:. Euromonitor Reports
808:Sapporo-owned brewery
743:
482:elsewhere, including
377:
286:Kirin Brewery Company
204:, literally "bubbly")
123:
2585:Solar power in Japan
2435:Tokyo Stock Exchange
2296:Income Doubling Plan
1423:Swinnerton, Robbie.
908:. pp. 503–504.
508:Major beer producers
323:Beer (and beer-like
42:improve this article
2699:Public corporations
2524:Japanese labour law
2503:National Tax Agency
2498:Ministry of Finance
2460:Government agencies
1300:Wall Street Journal
1112:www.euromonitor.com
548:or ドライ戦争 (どらいせんそう,
363:percentage points.
279:foreign settlements
2694:Private enterprise
2631:Prefectures by GDP
2056:Dominican Republic
1429:www.travel.cnn.com
1389:www.sapporobeer.jp
1385:"エイジゲート | サッポロビール"
764:legal drinking age
746:
605:, later rebranded
392:
294:Norwegian-American
263:Treaty of Kanagawa
126:
2799:
2798:
2233:
2232:
1185:Jeong, Young ho.
1096:. Kirin Holdings.
1021:978-0-19-536713-3
996:978-0-7748-2504-7
966:. 31 January 2024
779:Social convention
380:convenience store
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117:
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2398:Tokugawa coinage
2267:Economy of Japan
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1971:Northern Ireland
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1517:. 15 April 2022.
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1474:. Archived from
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768:drinking culture
758:Drinking culture
751:vending machines
690:
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681:
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671:
665:
503:
480:brewing adjuncts
477:
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469:
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462:, or "new genre"
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297:William Copeland
205:
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50:
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1525:External links
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1366:. 2 April 2018
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1481:on 5 May 2016
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934:The City Lane
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159:consumption.
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129:Beer in Japan
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59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
2744:Other topics
2718:Associations
2669:Construction
2559:Nenko System
2554:Shūshin koyō
2544:Labor unions
2539:Labor market
2517:Labor market
2388:Japanese yen
2311:Lost Decades
1682:
1613:South Africa
1509:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1476:the original
1471:
1459:
1445:
1433:. Retrieved
1431:. CNN Travel
1428:
1418:
1409:
1403:
1392:. Retrieved
1388:
1379:
1368:. Retrieved
1363:
1340:. Retrieved
1331:
1322:
1311:. Retrieved
1299:
1289:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:
1265:
1254:. Retrieved
1245:
1235:
1224:. Retrieved
1212:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1142:. Retrieved
1116:. Retrieved
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1072:. Retrieved
1067:
1058:
1047:. Retrieved
1043:
1011:
1005:
986:
980:
968:. Retrieved
963:
938:. Retrieved
936:. 2014-06-17
933:
924:
904:. New York:
901:
870:
844:Japan portal
821:
813:
796:
789:
776:
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747:
713:
709:
704:
693:
686:kurafuto bia
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639:
635:
629:
617:
615:
606:
602:
598:
596:
591:
587:
585:
580:
576:
573:Gene Hackman
568:
566:
561:
553:
549:
545:
543:
498:
494:
492:
484:soy peptides
444:
440:
439:
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361:
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350:
343:In terms of
342:
337:
331:
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322:
313:
283:
271:Meiji period
268:
243:sake brewing
240:
219:
208:
191:or non-malt
161:
128:
127:
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
2679:Electronics
2190:New Zealand
2111:St. Vincent
2106:Saint Lucia
2101:Puerto Rico
2061:El Salvador
1951:Switzerland
1896:Netherlands
1733:South Korea
1723:Philippines
1708:North Korea
1332:Kyodo News+
1275:Nikkei Asia
964:JSTOR Daily
858:Beer portal
824:homebrewing
818:Homebrewing
804:Los Angeles
603:Suntory Dry
588:Sapporo Dry
550:dorai sensō
353:craft beers
319:Market size
162:As well as
149:pale lagers
2806:Categories
2657:Automotive
2425:Nikkei 225
2383:Japan Mint
2041:Costa Rica
1881:Luxembourg
1693:Kazakhstan
1641:Azerbaijan
1583:Cape Verde
1394:2019-01-25
1370:2021-06-06
1342:2021-06-06
1313:2021-06-06
1280:2021-06-06
1256:2021-06-06
1226:2021-06-06
1049:2021-06-06
970:5 February
940:2021-06-06
879:References
611:Mike Tyson
552:) meaning
473:shin janru
255:Edo period
168:beer style
151:around 5%
68:newspapers
2791:Amakudari
2781:Nemawashi
2704:Transport
2564:Salaryman
2180:Australia
2164:Venezuela
2144:Argentina
2126:breweries
2091:Nicaragua
2066:Guatemala
1886:Lithuania
1849:breweries
1738:Sri Lanka
1728:Singapore
1718:Palestine
1668:Indonesia
1651:Hong Kong
1485:22 August
1308:0099-9660
1242:"なんでもQ＆A"
1240:ビール酒造組合.
703:low-cost
569:Kirin Dry
546:Dry Senso
490:protein.
384:happoshu.
378:Japanese
367:Beer vs.
334:kiloliter
288:began in
174:, called
2645:Industry
2614:Rankings
2366:Currency
2357:Taxation
2326:Keiretsu
2321:Zaibatsu
2159:Colombia
2116:Trinidad
2076:Honduras
2051:Dominica
2014:Barbados
1976:Scotland
1936:Slovenia
1931:Slovakia
1911:Portugal
1804:Bulgaria
1753:Thailand
1713:Pakistan
1698:Malaysia
1618:Tanzania
1593:Ethiopia
1336:Archived
1250:Archived
1217:Archived
872:Happoshu
830:See also
705:happoshu
641:nabemono
619:Oishinbo
558:dry beer
554:Dry Wars
540:Dry Wars
499:happoshu
495:happoshu
441:Happoshu
432:happōshu
418:happoshu
388:happoshu
369:happoshu
338:happoshu
326:happoshu
305:Hokkaido
290:Yokohama
231:Yokohama
194:happōsei
178:happōshu
98:May 2011
2709:Whaling
2674:Defense
2417:finance
2413:Banking
2274:History
2173:Oceania
2081:Jamaica
2009:Bahamas
1999:Antigua
1966:England
1956:Ukraine
1916:Romania
1891:Moldova
1871:Ireland
1866:Iceland
1861:Hungary
1844:Germany
1834:Finland
1829:Estonia
1824:Denmark
1809:Croatia
1794:Belgium
1789:Belarus
1784:Austria
1779:Albania
1763:Vietnam
1703:Myanmar
1636:Armenia
1608:Nigeria
1603:Morocco
1170:13 July
1144:24 July
792:brewing
663:ji bīru
529:Suntory
237:History
164:Pilsner
145:Suntory
141:Sapporo
82:scholar
2689:Mining
2573:Energy
2335:Policy
2149:Brazil
2096:Panama
2086:Mexico
2029:Quebec
2024:Canada
2019:Belize
1946:Sweden
1926:Serbia
1921:Russia
1906:Poland
1901:Norway
1856:Greece
1839:France
1814:Cyprus
1799:Bosnia
1772:Europe
1758:Turkey
1748:Taiwan
1688:Jordan
1678:Israel
1575:Africa
1435:3 June
1306:
1118:3 June
1074:3 June
1018:
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772:toasts
680:クラフトビア
636:Akiaji
502:'s
451:第三のビール
396:malted
299:. The
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2154:Chile
2071:Haiti
2004:Aruba
1981:Wales
1941:Spain
1876:Italy
1743:Syria
1683:Japan
1663:India
1656:Tibet
1646:China
1598:Kenya
1588:Egypt
1479:(PDF)
1468:(PDF)
1220:(PDF)
1209:(PDF)
599:Malts
519:Kirin
467:新ジャンル
251:Japan
226:Osaka
222:Tokyo
137:Kirin
133:Asahi
89:JSTOR
75:books
2415:and
2185:Fiji
2046:Cuba
1673:Iran
1628:Asia
1487:2016
1437:2014
1304:ISSN
1172:2014
1146:2014
1120:2014
1076:2014
1016:ISBN
991:ISBN
972:2024
910:ISBN
802:and
762:The
696:sake
670:地ビール
544:The
486:and
409:bīru
247:beer
224:and
172:malt
157:sake
143:and
61:news
798:in
488:pea
426:発泡酒
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257:by
201:発泡性
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