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drove housing costs in
Californian metropolitan areas to historic highs, spawning exurban growth in adjacent counties. Workers with jobs in San Francisco found themselves moving further and further away. First, nearby cities like Oakland, Burlingame, San Mateo. As rental and housing costs kept
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A 2014 study by the
British Office for National Statistics found that commuting also affects wellbeing. Commuters are more likely to be anxious, dissatisfied and have the sense that their daily activities lack meaning than those who don't have to travel to work, even if they are paid more.
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view real estate investment and development of commuter towns as central to their business model. These railroads continuously develop new residential and commercial areas alongside their existing and new routes and stations and adjust their train schedules in order to provide existing and
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increasing, even renters that would normally be considered affluent elsewhere would struggle with the prospect of home ownership in an area with an area with higher quality schools and amenities. As of 2003, over 80% of the workforce of
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Where commuters are wealthier and small town housing markets are weaker than city housing markets, the development of a bedroom community may raise local housing prices and attract upscale service businesses in a process akin to
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prospective commuters with convenient work-commute routines. This is quite different from North
American commuter towns that are almost exclusively the result of transportation by car.
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that encourage greater population densities in centralized towns, while slowing or greatly reducing urban and suburban sprawl into agricultural, timber land, and natural areas.
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The number of commuter towns increased in the US and the UK during the 20th century because of a trend for people to move out of the cities into the surrounding
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in 2006, the term is generally used for areas beyond suburbs and specifically less densely built than the suburbs to which the exurbs' residents commute.
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In the UK, commuter towns were developed by railway companies to create demand for their lines. One 1920s pioneer of this form of development was the
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Often commuter towns form when workers in a region cannot afford to live where they work and must seek residency in another town with a lower
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consisting mainly of public housing projects. On average, its inhabitants spend 2 hours and 45 minutes a day commuting between home and work.
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is a populated area that is primarily residential rather than commercial or industrial. Routine travel from home to work and back is called
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developments. This initiative encouraged many to move out of central and inner-city London to suburbs such as
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to describe the ring of prosperous communities beyond the
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can be considered commuter towns. Here, riders wait in
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Central City White Flight: Racial and
Nonracial Causes
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also created easier access to the much larger city of
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900:"In Exurbs, Life Framed by Hours Spent in the Car"
595:over the last 40 years as a result of the state's
424:(where Steubenville is located) was added to the
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852:. Office for National Statistics. Archived from
306:is a heavily populated area in the outskirts of
404:had an independent regional identity until the
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931:"The Oregon Example: Statewide Planning Works"
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996:Living Large, by Design, in Middle of Nowhere
515:lines extending from the city center to new
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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850:"Commuting and Personal Well-being, 2014"
248:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
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809:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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511:systems. These can take the form of
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1367:Technical aspects of urban planning
968:Rybczynski, Witold (Nov. 7, 2005).
910:from the original on April 25, 2009
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706:"ベッドタウンの英語・英訳 - 英和辞典・和英辞典 Weblio辞書"
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941:from the original on June 6, 2011
712:from the original on 12 July 2015
326:" (Canada and northeastern US), "
52:This article has multiple issues.
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402:Weirton, West Virginia
391:San Francisco Bay Area
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970:"Suburban Despair"
904:The New York Times
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585:The New York Times
489:London Underground
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1638:Urban forest
1522:New Urbanism
1419:Sector model
1404:Urban design
1297:Modern ruins
1239:Capital city
1212:Municipality
1189:College town
1147:Urbanization
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162:Please help
157:verification
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18:Bedroom town
1576:Environment
1464:Walkability
1449:Cyclability
1382:Green space
1334:Habitat III
1302:Shanty town
1287:Urban decay
1262:Global city
1207:City status
1184:Closed city
1137:Megalopolis
1117:Conurbation
1105:City proper
1085:Twin cities
1058:City centre
945:January 27,
716:4 September
553:portmanteau
525:conurbation
420:. In 2013,
1701:Categories
1653:Urban park
1588:Eco-cities
1439:Smart city
1389:Urban wild
1229:City-state
1162:Ghost town
1127:Metropolis
1053:Urban area
835:2023-08-15
792:2014-08-31
690:4 December
666:References
513:light rail
493:Metro-land
470:green belt
418:Pittsburgh
337:wasei-eigo
266:New Jersey
190:newspapers
102:improve it
57:improve it
1409:Grid plan
1317:Squatting
1179:Tent city
1174:Lost city
1095:Edge city
1080:Core city
914:April 28,
624:Edge city
545:The term
441:in the UK
355:beddotaun
340:coinage "
320:commuting
308:São Paulo
278:rush hour
270:Maplewood
220:June 2016
118:June 2021
106:verifying
63:talk page
1514:Urbanism
1434:Land use
1307:Skid row
1132:Megacity
1063:Downtown
939:Archived
908:Archived
805:cite web
783:Archived
745:Archived
710:Archived
607:See also
581:—
521:highways
474:property
412:and the
342:bed town
289:Hervanta
754:26 June
561:suburbs
452:Effects
293:Tampere
204:scholar
100:Please
1394:Zoning
1292:Ghetto
1110:limits
1070:Suburb
1037:Cities
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593:Oregon
497:Harrow
463:zoning
368:Causes
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975:Slate
860:7 May
786:(PDF)
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541:Exurb
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211:JSTOR
197:books
1312:Slum
947:2011
916:2008
881:OCLC
862:2016
811:link
756:2019
718:2015
692:2021
380:and
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