Beale ciphers - Knowledge

301:, in about 1820. Beale entrusted a box containing the encrypted messages to a local innkeeper named Robert Morriss and then disappeared, never to be seen again. According to the story, the innkeeper opened the box 23 years later, and then decades after that gave the three encrypted ciphertexts to a friend before he died. The friend then spent the next twenty years of his life trying to decode the messages, and was able to solve only one of them, which gave details of the treasure buried and the general location of the treasure. The unnamed friend then published all three ciphertexts in a pamphlet which was advertised for sale in the 1880s. 2038: 319:, using historical records that cast doubt on the existence of Thomas J. Beale. Nickell also presents linguistic evidence demonstrating that the documents could not have been written at the time alleged (words such as "stampeding", for instance, are of later vintage). His analysis of the writing style showed that Beale was almost certainly James B. Ward, whose 1885 pamphlet brought the Beale Papers to light. Nickell argues that the tale is thus a work of fiction; specifically, a "secret vault" allegory of the 3427: 1110: 468: 337: 146: 480: 456: 501: 84: 43: 261: 867:, and the Virginia Royal Charter), assuming the ciphertexts were produced with some book cipher, but none have been recognized as successful to date. Breaking the cipher(s) may depend on random chance (as, for instance, stumbling upon a book key if the two remaining ciphertexts are actually book ciphers); so far, even the most skilled 889:

persons named Thomas Beale, Captain Thomas Beale of the battle of New Orleans 1815 in Louisiana originally from Virginia Botetourt County – Fincastle area 12 miles from Bedford County and one in Tennessee, and a Thomas K. Beale in Virginia, but the population schedules are completely missing for three states and one territory.

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The first deposit consisted of ten hundred and fourteen pounds of gold, and thirty-eight hundred and twelve pounds of silver, deposited Nov. eighteen nineteen. The second was made Dec. eighteen twenty-one, and consisted of nineteen hundred and seven pounds of gold, and twelve hundred and eighty-eight

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Another method to check the validity of the ciphers is to investigate some statistical aspects in different number bases. For example, one can investigate the frequency of the last digit in each number in the ciphers. These frequencies are not uniformly distributed – some digits are more common than

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However, if one considers a base that is relatively prime to 10, then the last digits of the numbers in the unsolved ciphers turn uniform – each digit is equally common. The frequency of the solved cipher stays non-uniform. This indicates a complex behaviour in the solved cipher as one might expect

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used by the author of the pamphlet (the uses of punctuation, relative clauses, infinitives, conjunctives, and so on) has detected significant correlations between it and the writing style of Beale's letters, including the plaintext of the second cipher, suggesting that they may have been written by

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to the cryptograms; however, it never arrived. It was not until 1845 that Morriss opened the box. Inside he found two plaintext letters from Beale, and several pages of ciphertext separated into Papers "1", "2", and "3". Morriss had no luck in solving the ciphers, and decades later left the box and

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who stumbled upon the rich mine of gold and silver while hunting buffalo. They spent 18 months mining thousands of pounds of precious metals, which they then charged Beale with transporting to Virginia and burying in a secure location. After Beale made multiple trips to stock the hiding place,

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Additional Declaration differences affect paper number 1: word 210 of the modified text ("more") is shown as "now"; words 919 and 920 of the modified text ("fellow citizens") are shown hyphenated (also affects paper number 3); two extra words ("made" and "the") are shown in modified text positions

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of gold, silver and jewels estimated to be worth over 43 million US dollars as of January 2018. Comprising three ciphertexts, the first (unsolved) text describes the location, the second (solved) ciphertext accounts the content of the treasure, and the third (unsolved) lists the names of

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Despite the Beale Papers' unproven veracity, treasure hunters have not been deterred from trying to find the vault. The "information" that there is buried treasure in Bedford County has stimulated many expeditions with shovels, and other implements of discovery, looking for likely spots. For more

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of the late 1960s to analyze the ciphers and found that while the ciphers were poorly encoded, the two undeciphered ones did not show the patterns one would expect of randomly chosen numbers and probably encoded an intelligible text. Other questions remain about the authenticity of the pamphlet's

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The first deposit consisted of {one thousand | ten hundred} and fourteen pounds of gold, and {three thousand | thirty-} eight hundred and twelve pounds of silver, deposited {November, 1819 | Nov. eighteen nineteen}. The second was made {December, 1821 | Dec. eighteen twenty-one}, and consisted of

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The second message, describing the treasure, has been deciphered, but the others have not, suggesting a deliberate ploy to encourage interest in deciphering the other two texts, only to discover that they are hoaxes. In addition, the original sale price of the pamphlet, 50 cents, was a high

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records in 1810 shows two persons named Thomas Beale, in Connecticut and New Hampshire. However, the population schedules from the 1810 U.S. Census are completely missing for seven states, one territory, the District of Columbia, and 18 of the counties of Virginia. The 1820 U.S. Census has two

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Beale would have bothered writing three different ciphertexts (with at least two keys, if not ciphers) for what is essentially a single message in the first place, particularly if he wanted to ensure that the next of kin received their share (as it is, with the treasure described, there is no

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Statistical analysis of the last digits in the Beale Ciphers. The solved cipher (2) differs wildly from the uniform distribution in all bases, but this is only true for the unsolved ones in base 10. This indicates that the ciphers are fraudulent. The analysis is based on a permutation

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Ward is thus not "the friend". Ward himself is almost untraceable in local records, except that a man with that name owned the home in which a Sarah Morriss, identified as the spouse of Robert Morriss, died at age 77, in 1863. He also is recorded as becoming a Master Mason in 1863.

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The above is securely packed in iron pots, with iron covers. The vault is roughly lined with stone, and the vessels rest on solid stone, and are covered with others. Paper number {“1” | one} describes the exact locality of the vault, so that no difficulty will be had in finding

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innkeeper named Robert Morriss. Beale told Morriss not to open the box unless he or one of his men failed to return from their journey within 10 years. Sending a letter from St. Louis a few months later, Beale promised Morriss that a friend in St. Louis would mail the

582:, but some editing is necessary. To decrypt it, one finds the word corresponding to the number (e.g., the first number is 115, and the 115th word in the Declaration of Independence is "instituted"), and takes the first letter of that word (in the case of the example, "I"). 573:

The above is securely packed in iron pots, with iron covers. The vault is roughly lined with stone, and the vessels rest on solid stone, and are covered with others. Paper number one describes the exact locality of the vault, so that no difficulty will be had in finding

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who have attempted them have been defeated. Of course, Beale could have used a document that he had written himself for either or both of the remaining keys or either a document of his own or randomly selected characters for the third source, in either case rendering

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Humans have limited abilities when it comes to generating random numbers out of thin air. One explanation for the difference between base 10 and the other ones is that the numbers were produced by a human in base 10, which would mean that the ciphers are fraudulent.

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I have deposited, in the county of Bedford, about four miles from Buford's, in an excavation or vault, six feet below the surface of the ground, the following articles, belonging jointly to the parties whose names are given in number {“3,” | three} herewith:

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I have deposited in the county of Bedford, about four miles from Buford's, in an excavation or vault, six feet below the surface of the ground, the following articles, belonging jointly to the parties whose names are given in number three, herewith:

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Beale used a version of the United States Declaration of Independence slightly different from the original, and made mistakes in numbering it. To extract the hidden message, the following five modifications must be applied to the original text:

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nineteen hundred and seven pounds of gold, and twelve hundred and eighty-eight {pounds | } of silver; also jewels, obtained in St. Louis in exchange {for silver | } to save transportation, and valued at {$ 13,000 | thirteen thousand dollars}.

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letting decoders know that they were "on the right track" for one or more of the subsequent ciphers, such a proof would be redundant, as the success of the key with respect to the second document would provide the same evidence on its

1270: 393:, is the source of this story. The treasure was said to have been obtained by an American named Thomas J. Beale in the early 1800s, from a mine to the north of Nuevo México (New Mexico), at that time in the Spanish province of 683:

The Beale Papers text, on pages 20 to 21, gives an alleged translation of the second ciphertext, but it has nine differences from the actual one. The differences are shown here as {alleged decipherment | actual decipherment}:

438:, successfully deciphered the second ciphertext which gave a description of the buried treasure. Unable to solve the other two ciphertexts, the friend ultimately made the letters and ciphertexts public in a pamphlet entitled 820:, the chances of such sequences appearing multiple times in the one ciphertext by chance are less than one in a hundred million million. Although it is conceivable that the first cipher was intended as a 1018:

Several digs were completed at the top of Porter's Mountain, one in the late 1980s with the land owner's permission as long as any treasure found was split 50/50. However, the treasure hunters found only

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Before 1850 the U.S. Census recorded the names of only the heads of households; others in the household were only counted. Beale, if he existed, may have been living in someone else's household.

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have claimed that the two remaining ciphertexts have statistical characteristics which suggest that they are not actually encryptions of an English plaintext. Alphabetical sequences such as

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In addition, a man named "Thomas Beall" appears in the customer lists of St. Louis Post Department in 1820. According to the pamphlet, Beale sent a letter from St. Louis in 1822.

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after word 466 ("houses") and before word 495 ("be"), ten words must be removed (probably "He has refused for a long time after such dissolutions"). The pamphlet has two labels for 480.

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Since the publication of the pamphlet, a number of attempts have been made to decode the two remaining ciphertexts and to locate the treasure, but all efforts have resulted in failure.

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Many versions of the Declaration of Independence have been printed, with various adjustments to paragraphing, word inclusion, word changing, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation.

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after word 677 ("foreign") and before word 819 ("valuable"), one word must be removed (probably "their"). The pamphlet's numbering has eleven words between the labels for 670 and 680.

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Robert Morriss, as represented in the pamphlet, says he was running the Washington Hotel in 1820, yet contemporary records show he did not start in that position until at least 1823.

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The letters also contain several English words, such as "improvise", not otherwise recorded before the 1820s in English but used from French from 1786 in the New Orleans area, and

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after word 240 ("invariably") and before word 246 ("design"), one word must be removed (probably "a"). The pamphlet's numbering has eleven words between the labels for 240 and 250.

798:(Spanish) "an uproar". Beale's "stampeding" apparently first appears in print in the English language in 1832 but was used from 1786 to 1823 in New Orleans in French and Spanish. 449:

The images below, transcribed from the pamphlet, show the original line-breaks for easy comparison. In the second cryptogram, the original cipher errors are highlighted in red.

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he then encrypted three messages: the location, a description of the treasure, and the names of its owners and their relatives. The treasure location is traditionally linked to

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after word 630 ("eat") and before word 654 ("to"), one word must be removed (probably "the"). The pamphlet's numbering has eleven words between the labels for 630 and 640.

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than a hundred years, people have been arrested for trespassing and unauthorized digging; some of them in groups as in the case of people from Pennsylvania in the 1990s.

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The lack of clear images of the original ciphers, combined with the large quantity of numerals, has led to numerals being misprinted or omitted in many sources.

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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

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has been suggested as the pamphlet's real author because he had an interest in cryptography. It was well known he placed notices of his abilities in the

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after word 154 ("institute") and before word 157 ("laying"), one word must be added. The pamphlet handles this by inserting "a" before "new government".

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Additionally, a Cheyenne legend exists about gold and silver being taken from the West and buried in mountains in the East, dating from roughly 1820.

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1058 and 1188; a word is removed ("of") after modified text position 1125. The other slight changes probably have no consequences.

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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

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of silver; also jewels, obtained in St. Louis in exchange to save transportation, and valued at thirteen thousand dollars.

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There have been many attempts to break the remaining cipher(s). Most attempts have tried other historical texts as keys (e.g.,

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There are many arguments that the entire story is a hoax, including the 1980 article "A Dissenting Opinion" by cryptographer

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If the modified Declaration of Independence is used as a key for the first cipher, it yields alphabetical sequences such as

210: 3243: 2785: 1722: 1984: 182: 2157: 846: 1248: 3453: 1688: 1439: 864: 544: 467: 376: 247: 229: 189: 127: 70: 1964:( CD/AUDIO BOOK 70 min. ) copyright 1995/ Revised In 2011 . Avenel Publishing 1122 Easter Lane Blue Ridge, VA 24064. 526: 109: 3458: 1131:– a similar case where encrypted documents, discovered in a church in France, allegedly refer to a hidden treasure 3045: 2842: 2053: 817: 3308: 2901: 2338: 1587: 1484: 616:

Words 509 and 510 of the modified text ("mean time") are counted as two words, despite being shown as one word.

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Finally, in the decoded text there are six errors, probably due to wrong transcription of the original paper:

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at the time of Beale's alleged encounters with Morriss. In February 1826, Poe enrolled as a student at the

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The first letter of the 811th word of the modified text ("fundamentally") is always used by Beale as a "y".

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artifacts. As the value of these artifacts paid for time and equipment rental, the expedition broke even.

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Beale placed the ciphertexts and some other papers in an iron box. In 1822 he entrusted the box to a

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The first letter of the 1005th word of the modified text ("have") is always used by Beale as an "x".

401:). According to the pamphlet, Beale was the leader of a group of 30 gentlemen adventurers from 3329: 3173: 2885: 2020:"The Quest to Break America's Most Mysterious Code – And Find $ 60 Million in Buried Treasure" 411: 298: 3122: 3016: 2971: 2683: 2496: 2485: 2348: 1994: 1271:"Leading cryptanalysts seek to break secret code reported to tell of buried treasure in Virginia" 1002: 917:, inviting submissions of ciphers which he proceeded to solve. In 1843 he used a cryptogram as a 806:, it is equivalent to $ 16.96 today), and the author writes that he expects "a wide circulation". 757: 522: 347: 156: 105: 1431: 1421: 479: 3473: 3431: 3351: 3092: 3006: 2622: 2480: 2406: 2212: 2172: 2074: 2044: 1628: 1608: 930: 455: 756:

The pamphlet's background story has several implausibilities, and is based almost entirely on

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as described in inventory of the second cryptogram. This includes approximately 35,052

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referred to the Beale ciphers as one of the strongest passwords ever created. In 2015 the

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There has been considerable debate over whether the remaining two ciphertexts are real or

8: 3346: 3266: 2731: 2608: 2517: 2343: 2298: 2237: 1278: 1123: 418: 297:, detailing treasure being buried by a man named Thomas J. Beale in a secret location in 1840:

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Historical Cryptology HistoCrypt 2020

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The story has been the subject of multiple television documentaries, such as the UK's

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In 2010, an award-winning animated short film was made concerning the ciphers called

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The first letter of word 95 ("inalienable") is always used as a "u" ("unalienable").

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However, research and facts debunk Poe's authorship. He died in 1849, well before

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The third cipher appears to be too short to list thirty individuals' next of kin.

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of fiction is the story of finding a lost treasure map from Edgar Allan Poe's "

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visited Bedford to investigate the Beale Ciphers and search for the treasure.

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from an encoded message, while the unsolved ciphers have a simpler behaviour.

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The second cipher can be decrypted fairly easily using a modified copy of the

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Words 78 and 79 ("self-evident"), shown hyphenated, are counted as two words.

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are both non-random, as indicated by Carl Hammer, and not words in English.

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The story of the three ciphertexts originates from an 1885 pamphlet called

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Nickell, Joe (July 1982). "Discovered: The secret of Beale's treasure".

3168: 3087: 2998: 2976: 2702: 2643: 2323: 2242: 1341: 1311: 1195: 1070: 1069:) devoted one of its season 3 episodes to the topic. Also in 2015, the 957: 787: 361: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 276: 31: 1975: 1137:– an alleged undiscovered buried treasure on Oak Island in Nova Scotia 2859: 2770: 2709: 2635: 2363: 2197: 2048: 1899: 803: 558: 442:, which was published by yet another friend, James B. Ward, in 1885. 2062:"Historical and Analytical Studies in Relation to the Beale Ciphers" 1980:, as text in separate pages, shown alongside images of the original. 1488: 529:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 336: 145: 112:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 2800: 2780: 2726: 2207: 402: 398: 280: 3367: 2669: 2571: 2135: 1999:

have been made in video format with audio for the whole pamphlet.

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million, respectively, in January 2017) and jewels worth around

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were first published in 1885. The pamphlet also mentions the

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explains the Beale cipher mystery in one of its chapters.

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In Search Of A Golden Vault: The Beale Treasure Mystery

1914:"The Thomas Beale Cipher: A Short Film by Andrew Allen" 1367:"Historical London Fix Prices Current Year| Kitco" 1336: 1334: 1332: 1306: 1304: 1504:"A basic probe of the Beale Cipher as bamboozlement" 1105: 1760:

Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-Ending Remembrance

1393:"Motley group gathers to solve ciphers to treasure" 1329: 1301: 170:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 30:For the geographic code classification system, see 1952:"The Beale Cipher: A Dissenting Opinion April 1980 1945:, 1997. Published by Hamilton's, Bedford, Virginia 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1697: 644:... 2, 108 (should be 10, 8), 220, 106, 353, ... 397:(an area that today would most likely be part of 3445: 1403: 879: 1815: 1781: 1184:The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 714:gold, 61,200 troy oz silver (worth about 473:Beale's second cryptogram (the deciphered one) 2082: 1531:The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal 876:further attempts to crack the codes useless. 665:... 807, 81, 96 (should be 95), 405, 41, ... 1943:The Beale Treasure: New History of a Mystery 1596: 1035:series, a segment in the seventh special of 985:others. This is true for all three ciphers. 960:performed on the pamphlet for his 1983 book 706:The treasure's total weight is about 3 901: 651:... 440 (should be 40), 370, 643, 466, ... 71:Learn how and when to remove these messages 2089: 2075: 2036: 1416: 3469:Undeciphered historical codes and ciphers 1833:"The Role of Base 10 in the Beale Papers" 1753: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1169: 580:United States Declaration of Independence 545:Learn how and when to remove this message 432:United States Declaration of Independence 430:The friend, then using an edition of the 377:Learn how and when to remove this message 248:Learn how and when to remove this message 230:Learn how and when to remove this message 128:Learn how and when to remove this message 1878: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1623: 1603: 1586:Sherwood, Mary Elizabeth Wilson (1834). 1585: 1460:"The Beale Cipher: A Dissenting Opinion" 1454: 1390: 1268: 995: 937:, but with mounting debts, Poe left for 259: 3234:Legends and myths regarding the Titanic 2043: 1646:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 1592:. G. Routledge & Sons. p. 107. 1589:Etiquette, the American Code of Manners 1181: 1045:episode of the History Channel TV show 979: 389:A pamphlet published in 1885, entitled 311:, and a 1982 scholarly analysis of the 14: 3446: 1796: 1712: 1166: 956:, an American author and skeptic, had 915:Alexander's Weekly (Express) Messenger 784:incentive to decode the third cipher). 744:. An early researcher, Carl Hammer of 2070: 1713:Murphy, Linda Troutt (25 July 2006). 1678: 1659: 1644:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 1239: 490: 323:; James B. Ward was a Mason himself. 3244:Time travel claims and urban legends 2279:Angikuni's disappeared Inuit village 1830: 1799:Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy 1737:"Clues in Census Records, 1790–1840" 1501: 1482: 968:is significantly different from the 925:". From 1820, he was also living in 494: 359:adding citations to reliable sources 330: 168:adding citations to reliable sources 139: 77: 36: 2158:The babysitter and the man upstairs 1842:. Vol. 171. pp. 153–157. 1391:Burchard, Hank (7 September 1979). 1245:"Famous Unsolved Codes and Ciphers" 658:... 14, 73, 84 (should be 85), ... 427:its contents to an unnamed friend. 24: 2049:"Skeptoid #301: The Beale Ciphers" 1935: 1715:"Missing Federal Census Schedules" 1564: 1543: 1251:from the original on 23 April 2007 1026: 1009: 25: 3485: 2096: 1968: 1149:– another legendary lost treasure 802:price for the time (adjusted for 52:This article has multiple issues. 3426: 3425: 2334:Black children as alligator bait 1997:from the original on 2021-12-12. 1976:"The Beale Papers on Wikisource" 1108: 499: 478: 466: 454: 335: 284:the treasure's owners and their 144: 82: 41: 3046:University of Cambridge legends 2843:Lampshades made from human skin 1906: 1872: 1824: 1790: 1747: 1729: 1706: 1579: 1558: 1537: 1519: 1495: 1476: 1448: 818:American Cryptogram Association 735: 346:needs additional citations for 155:needs additional citations for 60:or discuss these issues on the 3309:Beyond Belief: Fact or Fiction 2902:Legends of Catherine the Great 2339:Black Dog of the Hanging Hills 2004:"The legendary Beale treasure" 1483:Love, George (20 April 2006). 1384: 1359: 1286: 1262: 1233: 1202: 839:" to Robert Louis Stevenson's 13: 1: 1683:. Fourth Estate. p. 97. 1269:Burchard, Hank (5 May 1972). 1159: 972:used by the author who wrote 816:and others. According to the 326: 3413:Lists of legendary creatures 2994:The Dark Side of the Rainbow 2848:Soap made from human corpses 2451:Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences 2228:Litter boxes in schools hoax 2193:The Dark Side of the Rainbow 1638:American Antiquarian Society 1618:American Antiquarian Society 1502:Kruh, Louis (October 1982). 1210:"The Beale Treasure Ciphers" 880:Existence of Thomas J. Beale 779:Others have also questioned 7: 2223:Lighthouse and naval vessel 2012:"The making of "Mysteries"" 1572:Online Etymology Dictionary 1551:Online Etymology Dictionary 1342:"The Beale Papers, page 18" 1312:"The Beale Papers, page 17" 1293:"Sarah Morriss". obituary. 1101: 1043:Declaration of Independence 525:the claims made and adding 315:and their related story by 108:the claims made and adding 10: 3490: 3408:Lists of fictional species 3072:Man Proposes, God Disposes 2855:Lone gunner of Flesquières 2503:Sightings of Elvis Presley 1428:William Morrow and Company 434:as the key for a modified 29: 27:A set of three ciphertexts 3421: 3390: 3339: 3300: 3257: 3249:Urban legends about drugs 3221: 3196: 3161: 3148: 3141: 3115: 3033: 2967: 2960: 2930: 2894: 2868: 2830: 2809: 2749: 2740: 2719: 2621: 2596: 2561: 2552: 2307: 2271: 2131: 2124: 2117: 2104: 1918:www.thomasbealecipher.com 1155:– legendary lost treasure 1153:Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine 561:of paper number 2 reads: 485:Beale's third cryptogram. 3454:Bedford County, Virginia 3239:McDonald's urban legends 2886:Zegrze Reservoir Monster 2644:Hanako-san of the Toilet 1879:Wagenaar, W. A. (1972). 1797:Meyers, Jeffrey (1992). 1067:Raiders of the Lost Past 902:Poe's alleged authorship 788:Analysis of the language 701: 461:Beale's first cryptogram 412:Bedford County, Virginia 395:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 299:Bedford County, Virginia 3459:History of cryptography 3017:Strategic steam reserve 2972:999 phone charging myth 2486:Philadelphia Experiment 2028:The Thomas Beale Cipher 1719:Traut / Trout(t) Family 1096:The Thomas Beale Cipher 1003:Kolmogorov-Smirnov test 964:, and found that Poe's 859:, various books of the 758:circumstantial evidence 3007:Phantom social workers 2912:Hitler's pet alligator 2679:("Slit-Mouthed Woman") 2481:Phantom social workers 2213:Killer in the backseat 1888:Psychological Bulletin 1218:. 1999. Archived from 1047:Brad Meltzer's Decoded 1006: 952:that started in 1861. 931:University of Virginia 699: 576: 268: 2838:German Corpse Factory 2776:Konstantinos Koukidis 2359:Brown Mountain lights 1848:10.3384/ecp2020171019 1831:Wase, Viktor (2020). 1533:. Vol. 12. 1824. 999: 970:grammatical structure 848:Terry and the Pirates 686: 563: 263: 3398:List of creepypastas 3347:_9MOTHER9HORSE9EYES9 3153:Bass Strait Triangle 3123:Elephants' graveyard 2907:Lenin was a mushroom 2822:Vanishing Hotel Room 2631:Curse of the Colonel 2456:Lost Dutchman's Mine 2425:The Hands Resist Him 2284:Oak Island money pit 2263:Vanishing hitchhiker 2148:2016 clown sightings 1957:, Volume 4, Number 2 1703:Poundstone, 127–128. 980:Statistical analysis 958:stylometric analysis 921:in his short story " 814:abcdefghiijklmmnohpp 774:abcdefghiijklmmnohpp 355:improve this article 164:improve this article 3267:Jan Harold Brunvand 3174:Flora and Fauna Act 2895:Soviet Union/Russia 2609:Monkey-man of Delhi 2518:Seven Gates of Hell 2344:Black-eyed children 2299:Thetis Lake Monster 2141:White lighter curse 1941:Viemeister, Peter. 1725:on 13 January 2009. 1485:"The Beale Ciphers" 1472:on 26 January 2006. 1418:Poundstone, William 1397:The Washington Post 1295:Lynchburg Virginian 1279:The Washington Post 1124:List of ciphertexts 1051:National Geographic 845:to Milton Caniff's 275:are a set of three 3098:Spring-heeled Jack 3093:Ratman of Southend 3056:Isaac Newton's dog 3051:Croydon Cat Killer 2687:("Wriggling Body") 2417:Lake Worth Monster 2407:Maryland's Goatman 2047:(March 13, 2012). 1985:"The Beale Papers" 1949:Gillogly, James J. 1755:Silverman, Kenneth 1135:Oak Island mystery 1076:Expedition Unknown 1038:Unsolved Mysteries 1007: 954:William Poundstone 950:American Civil War 927:Richmond, Virginia 510:possibly contains 491:Deciphered message 269: 93:possibly contains 3441: 3440: 3217: 3216: 3192: 3191: 3111: 3110: 3066:Manchester Pusher 2956: 2955: 2876:Kraina Grzybów TV 2617: 2616: 2604:Indian rope trick 2548: 2547: 2412:Pope Lick Monster 1993:. 29 March 2016. 1960:Easterling, E.J. 1857:978-91-7929-827-2 1808:978-0-8154-1038-6 1774:978-0-06-092331-0 1679:Singh, S (2000). 1565:Harper, Douglas. 1544:Harper, Douglas. 1491:on 20 April 2006. 1129:Rennes-le-Château 865:U.S. Constitution 831:In fact a common 555: 554: 547: 512:original research 387: 386: 379: 258: 257: 250: 240: 239: 232: 214: 138: 137: 130: 95:original research 75: 16:(Redirected from 3481: 3429: 3428: 3403:List of cryptids 3209:Treasure of Lima 3146: 3145: 3041:British big cats 2965: 2964: 2755:And yet it moves 2747: 2746: 2732:Yamashita's gold 2664:Kisaragi Station 2559: 2558: 2523:Sewer alligators 2508:Richmond Vampire 2402:Goatman's Bridge 2384:Choking Doberman 2349:Blue star tattoo 2289:Screaming Tunnel 2183:Coghlan's coffin 2168:Bermuda Triangle 2129: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2091: 2084: 2077: 2068: 2067: 2058: 2040: 2023: 2015: 2007: 1998: 1979: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1910: 1904: 1903: 1900:10.1037/h0032060 1885: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1837: 1828: 1822: 1821:Poundstone, 133. 1819: 1813: 1812: 1794: 1788: 1787:Poundstone, 126. 1785: 1779: 1778: 1751: 1745: 1744: 1743:on 19 July 2006. 1733: 1727: 1726: 1721:. 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J. 1601: 1597: 1584: 1580: 1563: 1559: 1546:"improvisation" 1542: 1538: 1525: 1524: 1520: 1506: 1500: 1496: 1481: 1477: 1456:Gillogly, James 1453: 1449: 1442: 1423:Biggest Secrets 1415: 1404: 1389: 1385: 1375: 1373: 1365: 1364: 1360: 1350: 1348: 1340: 1339: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1310: 1309: 1302: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1273: 1267: 1263: 1254: 1252: 1238: 1234: 1225: 1223: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1180: 1167: 1162: 1116:Virginia portal 1114: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1065:(also known as 1041:; and the 2011 1029: 1027:Media attention 1012: 1010:Search attempts 982: 962:Biggest Secrets 941:in April 1827. 935:Charlottesville 907:Edgar Allan Poe 904: 882: 842:Treasure Island 833:literary device 738: 729: 725: 722: 718: 715: 704: 551: 540: 534: 531: 516: 504: 500: 493: 486: 483: 474: 471: 462: 459: 383: 372: 366: 363: 352: 340: 329: 254: 243: 242: 241: 236: 225: 219: 216: 179:"Beale ciphers" 173: 171: 161: 149: 134: 123: 117: 114: 99: 87: 83: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3487: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3466: 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