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narrow and low and exist under low-energy conditions or they can be directly exposed to swell waves propagating into the estuary, in which case they might resemble a beach on the open coast, but still be controlled by different processes. They can occur in all tidal conditions, from micro- to macro-tides, and under strong river flows to no river flow.
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beach is not clear, in some cases the sand can be lost to tidal channels or stored in the flood-tide delta. In any case, recovery is slow and the sediment transport pathways and mechanisms of recovery are mostly unknown. It has been reported that the recovery of BEBs is slower than the recovery of open-coast beaches.
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is the length of water over which a given wind direction blows. This term has been widely used to refer to beaches inside estuaries and bays where locally-generated wind waves are the main source of hydrodynamic energy however, the term can also be applied to beaches outside estuaries and bays, with
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fetch rather than the wind duration that determines the wave characteristics (i.e., amplitude and period) and these beaches have been denominated as fetch-limited beaches in the literature. Additional wind influences on BEBs result from sea-level set-up and tilting of the water surface in the basin.
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equilibrium. The hydrodynamic processes (i.e., waves and currents) that control the shape and equilibrium of BEBs are largely determined by the geometric configuration of the estuary/bay; this includes the width and orientation of the entrance and the width, length and depth of the estuary/bay. For
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BEBs can also exist in estuaries with wide entrances located along wave-dominated coasts such as the SE coast of
Australia. Here beaches that are normally subject to low-energy conditions are sometimes exposed to large energy swell that propagates into the estuary/bay during high-energy storms. In
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When BEBs are exposed to waves larger than the dominant conditions, they undergo erosion. The volume of erosion can be smaller than the volumes eroded from open-coast beaches, but they might represent a large percentage of the total volume of the beach. The destination of the sand eroded from the
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Tide-dominated beaches. This term applies to low-energy high-tide beaches where there is a sharp break in slope, which are fronted with wide intertidal sand and/or mud flats due to the dominance of tidal range over wave height. This term is independent of whether the beaches are located inside an
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BEBs can exist in large estuaries with narrow entrances, such as the case of the estuaries of the East coast of the US. In this case, locally-generated wind waves represent the most important physical parameter controlling beach morphology. Given the limitations of basin size, it is typically the
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BEBs can be controlled by different types of wave energy depending on their location inside the estuary/bay and the geometric configuration of the estuary/bay. The morphology and characteristics of BEBs vary broadly depending on geology, sediment availability and hydrodynamic energy. They can be
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BEBs are often small and isolated and not as iconic as open-ocean beaches in popular culture; and may have a history of litter, pollution and dereliction. However, BEBs are often located around major cities and provide an important recreational and cultural resource. BEBs provide calm swimming
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projects such as
Operation Posidonia are in place to restore this seagrass. Other coastal protections placed in estuaries, like oyster reefs, are believed to attenuate erosive waves and therefore protect the adjacent BEBs, however, living reefs can create undesired coastal changes related to
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BEBs, like all beaches, are accumulations of unconsolidated sediment (i.e., sand) within the cross-shore limits of wave action and occur where there is a suitable supply of sediment and exposure to waves that are energetic enough to move sediment and overcome stabilization by vegetation. The
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Other social factors like population and nearby infrastructure control the degree to which a beach is affected by boat wakes and engineering works that can change the geometry of the bay. In fact, most bays and estuaries hosting large cities are strongly modified, for example,
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for example. While sometimes relatively small by area, they can provide a large range of resources. In addition to their ecological importance, BEBs can provide spaces in urban-settings for people to connect with nature, and protection for landward areas and infrastructure.
245:, and river inflow can also be important for BEBs. When BEBs receive insufficient wave energy, they can become inactive, and stabilised by vegetation; this may occur through both natural processes and human action. BEBs exist in all latitudes from beaches located in
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are also considered BEBs. BEBs can be unvegetated or partially unvegetated and can be made of sand, gravel or shells. As a consequence of the sheltering, the importance of other sources of wave energy, including locally generated wind waves and
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Bilkovic, D.; Mitchell, M.; Davis, J.; Andrews, E.; King, A.; Mason, P.; Herman, J.; Tahvildari, N.; Davis, J. (2017). Review of boat wake wave impacts on shoreline erosion and potential solutions for the
Chesapeake Bay (Report). Edgewater,
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Low-energy beaches. This term has been used by many authors. However, many BEBs exhibit larger dimensions than those expected from low-energy beaches and they can receive more hydrodynamic energy than expected according to
Jackson et al.
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within an estuary or bay allows the development of locally-generated wind waves. However, BEBs primarily exist in fetch-limited conditions, causing the geologic and biologic factors on beach shape to have outsize importance.
306:, which during spawning, if combined with moderate wave heights, modify the beach profile such as it becomes concave, similar to a storm profile and lowering the wave-energy threshold for morphological response. Studies in
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Botton, Mark L.; Loveland, Robert E.; Tanacredi, John T.; Itow, Tomio (2006). "Horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) in an urban estuary (Jamaica Bay, New York) and the potential for ecological restoration".
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Freire, P.; Ferreira, Ă“.; Taborda, R.; Oliveira, F.; Carrasco, A.R.; Vargas, C.; CapitĂŁo, R.; Fortes, C.; Coli, A.; Santos, J. (2009). "Morphodynamics of Fetch-Limited
Beaches in Contrasting Environments".
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Sheltered beaches. This term applies inside estuaries and bays as BEBs are partially sheltered from ocean wave energy, but also to beaches sheltered by structures such as reefs, islands or even spits or
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Jackson, Nancy L.; Nordstrom, Karl F.; Smith, David R. (2005). "Influence of waves and horseshoe crab spawning on beach morphology and sediment grain-size characteristics on a sandy estuarine beach".
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example, tidal currents are strong at constrictions like at the mouth of bar-built estuaries; estuaries or bays with wide mouths allow propagation of ocean waves; and, the existence of a large enough
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Harris, Daniel L.; Vila-Concejo, Ana; Austin, Timothy; Benavente, Javier (2020). "Multi-scale morphodynamics of an estuarine beach adjacent to a flood-tide delta: Assessing decadal scale erosion".
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de Sousa-Felix, Rosigleyse CorrĂŞa; Pereira, Luci
Cajueiro Carneiro; Trindade, Wellington Nascimento; de Souza, Ingrid Padilha; da Costa, RauquĂrio Marinho; Jimenez, JosĂ© AntĂłnio (2017-11-15).
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BEBs may be low energy, sheltered, fetch-limited, lagoonal, backbarrier, and elsewhere, therefore, they have been noted in the literature with very different names. Here are a few examples:
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Costas, Susana; Alejo, Irene; Vila-Concejo, Ana; Nombela, Miguel A. (2005). "Persistence of storm-induced morphology on a modal low-energy beach: A case study from NW-Iberian
Peninsula".
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BEBs provide protective buffers for wetlands and coastal development and it is important to protect them. The seagrass that often fronts these systems in
Australia is endangered and
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1311:
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Largier, J.L.; Taggart, M. Improving water quality at enclosed beaches. A report on the
Enclosed Beach Symposium and Workshop (Clean Beaches Initiative) (Report). Bodega Bay.
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Nordstrom, Karl F.; Jackson, Nancy L. (2012). "Physical processes and landforms on beaches in short fetch environments in estuaries, small lakes and reservoirs: A review".
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is a primary control for the shape, volume and stability of BEBs, and the location and orientation of the beach inside the estuary or bay are important controls on its
382:
133:
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Jackson, Nancy L.; Nordstrom, Karl F. (1992). "Site
Specific Controls on Wind and Wave Processes and Beach Mobility on Estuarine Beaches in New Jersey, U.S.A".
473:
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BEBs provide critical habitats and feeding areas for local fish and birds. Even small patches of sand can provide critical habitat. Many BEBs are fronted by
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Jackson, Nancy L.; Nordstrom, Karl F.; Eliot, Ian; Masselink, Gerdhard (2002). "'Low energy' sandy beaches in marine and estuarine environments: A review".
1018:"Coronavirus: How California's Coastal Cleanup Day is different this year: No crowds, but volunteers are still needed to clean beaches, creeks and lakes"
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Alejo, I; Costas, S; Vila-Concejo, A (2005). "Littoral evolution as a response to human action: the case of two sedimentary systems in a Galician Ria".
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Vila-Concejo, Ana; Hughes, Michael G.; Short, Andrew D.; Ranasinghe, Roshanka (2010). "Estuarine shoreline processes in a dynamic low-energy system".
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Hackradt, Carlos Werner; FĂ©lix-Hackradt, Fabiana CĂ©zar; Pichler, Helen Audrey; Spach, Henry Louis; Santos, Lilyane de Oliveira e (September 2011).
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Estuarine Beaches: An introduction to the physical and human factors affecting use and management of beaches in estuaries, lagoons, bays and fjords
1055:"Application of the DPSIR framework to the evaluation of the recreational and environmental conditions on estuarine beaches of the Amazon coast"
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Currin, C. A.; Chappell, W. S.; Deaton, A. (2010), Shipman, Hugh; Dethier, Megan N.; Gelfenbaum, Guy; Fresh, Kurt L. (eds.),
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Freire, Paula; Jackson, Nancy L.; Nordstrom, Karl F. (2013). "Defining beaches and their evolutionary states in estuaries".
485:
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Simeone, Simons.; De Muro, Sandra; De Falco, Giovanni (2013). "Seagrass berm deposition on a Mediterranean embayed beach".
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Sousa, Rosigleyse CorrĂŞa de; Pereira, Luci Cajueiro Carneiro; Costa, RauquĂrio Marinho da; JimĂ©nez, JosĂ© A. (2017-04-01).
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Travers, A.; Eliot, M. J.; Eliot, I. G.; Jendrzejczak, M. (2010). "Sheltered sandy beaches of southwestern Australia".
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699:"Management of estuarine beaches on the Amazon coast though the application of recreational carrying capacity indices"
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Nordstrom, Karl F. (1980). "Cyclic and Seasonal Beach Response: A Comparison of Oceanside and Bayside Beaches".
1530:"Winter Currents Eroding Beach At Crissy Field / GGNRA showplace threatened by high tides, surging storm swells"
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964:"Factors influencing spatial patterns of the ichthyofauna of low energy estuarine beaches in southern Brazil"
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Puget Sound shorelines and the impacts of armoring—proceedings of a state of the science workshop, May 2009
241:, may be more important for BEBs than for those beaches on the open coast. Boat wakes, currents driven by
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1276:"Developing alternative shoreline armoring strategies: the living shoreline approach in North Carolina"
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872:"The discharge of nitrate-contaminated groundwater from developed shoreline to marsh-fringed estuary"
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
2009:
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Hegge, B.; Eliot, I.G.; Hsu, J. (1996). "Sheltered Sandy Beaches of Southwestern Australia".
1735:"A Multi-Scale Conceptual Model of Flood-Tide Delta Morphodynamics in Micro-Tidal Estuaries"
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Scyphers, Steven B.; Powers, Sean P.; Heck, Kenneth L. Jr.; Byron, Dorothy (2011-08-05).
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opportunities for young children. They can be immensely popular, like the beaches in the
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Visitors land on a sandy embayed beach at Sacramento Landing in Tomales Bay, California.
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1209:"Oyster Reefs as Natural Breakwaters Mitigate Shoreline Loss and Facilitate Fisheries"
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Beachgoers play at the land-water interface in Parsley Bay, Sydney Harbour, Australia.
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of low energy BEBs in Southern Brazil showed their dependance on salinity and energy.
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was limited by the extent of the beach instead of the water quality. Studies of the
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It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's content policies, particularly
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Austin, Timothy; Vila-Concejo, Ana; Short, Andrew; Ranasinghe, Roshanka (2018).
228:, which are a typical source of energy to build beaches. Beaches located inside
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Typical gradients from the entrance to the inner estuary or bay are observed:
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Short, Andrew D. (2006). "Australian Beach Systems—Nature and Distribution".
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Increased influence of aquatic vegetation (seagrass, mangroves, salt marsh).
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Pilkey, Orrin H.; Young, Rob; Longo, Norma; Coburn, Andy (March 1, 2012).
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interrupting sediment transport pathways and excessive wave attenuation.
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BEBs are found all around the world, including in large cities such as
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1282:, vol. 2010, Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey, pp. 91–102
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Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
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578:; Largier, John L. (2020). "Sandy beaches in estuaries and bays".
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Mixed mud/sand beach in the interior of Tomales Bay, California.
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Portnoy, J.W.; Nowicki, B.L.; Roman, C.T.; Urish, D.W. (1998).
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to develop behind them. BEBs in estuaries are the habitat for
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Marahu beach in the Para Estuary, Amazonian coast of Brazil.
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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and therefore are partially or fully sheltered from ocean
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A BEB adjacent to Crissy Field, San Francisco, facing the
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Increased proportions of fine sediments (mud and silt).
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A quiet dock in Double Bay, Sydney Harbour, Australia.
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A major contributor to this article appears to have a
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339:, or little-known, as are some in San Francisco Bay.
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from which the beach may take many years to recover.
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these occasions, areas can undergo sometimes severe
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1159:"Little-known East Bay beach set for restoration"
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1642:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
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1330:Handbook of Beach and Shoreface Morphodynamics
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549:Bird, Eric (2008). "Estuaries and lagoons".
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553:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 295–330.
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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551:Coastal geomorphology: An introduction
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1718:Short, A.D.; Woodroffe, C.D. (2009).
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634:. Essex: Elsevier Science Publishers.
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1439:Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
837:Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
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522:estuary or bay or on the open coast.
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420:Decreased influence of ocean waves.
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2524:Integrated coastal zone management
588:10.1016/B978-0-08-102927-5.00015-1
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1135:"Sydney Estuarine Beaches region"
34:This article has multiple issues.
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1317:from the original on 2021-04-20.
933:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00725.x
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85:. Please discuss further on the
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335:(Amazon Coast of Brazil) or in
42:or discuss these issues on the
2622:Region of freshwater influence
1796:10.1080/02723646.1980.10642199
1344:"Estuarine Beaches of the Bay"
1301:"Rethinking Living Shorelines"
1059:Ocean & Coastal Management
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1:
2384:Large-scale coastal behaviour
2216:Beaches in estuaries and bays
1722:. Cambridge University Press.
1394:10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00179-4
1184:"Posidonia Australis Project"
715:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.07.006
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260:
210:Beaches in estuaries and bays
1592:10.1016/j.margeo.2005.08.003
1234:10.1371/journal.pone.0022396
7:
1685:Journal of Coastal Research
1528:McHugh, Paul (2001-01-10).
1409:Journal of Coastal Research
1188:Posidonia Australis Project
664:Journal of Coastal Research
249:and drowned river valleys (
10:
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1760:10.3390/geosciences8090324
1459:10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106759
1139:www.environment.nsw.gov.au
1111:"Secret Beaches in Sydney"
857:10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.007
580:Sandy Beach Morphodynamics
514:different characteristics.
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1507:10.1007/s10236-010-0273-7
988:10.1017/S0025315410001682
497:Other terms used for BEBs
2329:Coastal biogeomorphology
876:Water Resources Research
630:Nordstrom, K.F. (1992).
509:Fetch-limited beaches.
2226:Coastal morphodynamics
1720:The Coast of Australia
1308:oyster-restoration.org
527:Erosion & recovery
349:ecological restoration
312:ecological restoration
206:
143:by rewriting it in an
2617:Physical oceanography
755:Earth-Science Reviews
290:Ecological importance
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83:neutral point of view
2446:Submergent coastline
2399:Marine transgression
2354:Discordant coastline
2339:Concordant coastline
1328:Short, A.D. (1999).
1163:www.eastbaytimes.com
1022:www.mercurynews.com/
794:Estuaries and Coasts
582:. pp. 343–362.
2550:Coastal engineering
1788:1980PhGeo...1..177N
1751:2018Geosc...8..324A
1654:2010GSLSP.346...23T
1584:2005MGeol.224...43C
1499:2010OcDyn..60..285V
1451:2020ECSS..24106759H
1386:2002Geomo..48..147J
1225:2011PLoSO...622396S
1071:2017OCM...149...96D
980:2011JMBUK..91.1345H
925:2005Sedim..52.1097J
888:1998WRR....34.3095P
849:2013ECSS..135..171S
806:2006EstCo..29..820B
767:2012ESRv..111..232N
574:Vila-Concejo, Ana;
257:estuarine beaches.
2519:Coastal management
2359:Emergent coastline
2030:Intertidal wetland
1933:Continental margin
1776:Physical Geography
1697:10.2112/05a-0002.1
814:10.1007/BF02786533
703:Tourism Management
676:10.2112/SI65-082.1
343:Coastal protection
239:infragravity waves
216:that exist inside
207:
199:Golden Gate Bridge
145:encyclopedic style
132:is written like a
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2481:Wave-cut platform
2394:Marine regression
1938:Continental shelf
1928:Coastal waterfall
1837:Coastal geography
897:10.1029/98WR02167
882:(11): 3095–3104.
560:978-0-470-51729-1
326:Social importance
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78:with its subject.
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2404:Raised shoreline
2379:Ingression coast
2374:Graded shoreline
2349:Cuspate foreland
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1985:Freshwater marsh
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1354:on 11 July 2018.
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1165:. 19 August 2020
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1032:
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1007:
974:(6): 1345–1357.
959:
953:
952:
919:(5): 1097–1108.
908:
902:
901:
899:
867:
861:
860:
832:
826:
825:
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779:
778:
761:(1–2): 232–247.
750:
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694:
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659:
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647:
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610:
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576:Gallop, Shari L.
571:
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488:
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385:
373:
361:
310:showed that the
212:(BEBs) refer to
186:
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125:
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117:
110:
103:
99:
96:
90:
76:close connection
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49:
27:
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19:
2691:
2690:
2686:
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2682:
2681:
2680:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2631:
2607:Intertidal zone
2533:
2500:
2389:Longshore drift
2334:Coastal erosion
2305:
2265:
2201:Beach evolution
2182:
2176:
2175:
2166:
1853:Anchialine pool
1839:
1834:
1804:
1803:
1772:
1768:
1731:
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1712:
1681:
1677:
1662:10.1144/sp346.3
1638:
1634:
1619:
1615:
1603:
1599:
1568:
1559:
1554:(SI 49): 64–69.
1548:
1544:
1535:
1533:
1532:. San Francisco
1526:
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598:
572:
568:
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489:
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477:
464:coastal erosion
396:
394:Characteristics
389:
386:
377:
374:
365:
362:
345:
328:
316:Horseshoe crabs
304:Horseshoe crabs
292:
263:
203:Marin Headlands
187:
176:
175:
174:
169:
158:
152:
149:
141:help improve it
138:
126:
122:
111:
100:
94:
91:
80:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
16:Type of beaches
12:
11:
5:
2689:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
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2648:
2647:
2636:
2633:
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2258:
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2248:
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2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1898:Brackish marsh
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1878:Barrier island
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1782:(2): 177–196.
1766:
1725:
1710:
1675:
1632:
1613:
1608:J. Coast. Res.
1597:
1578:(1–4): 43–56.
1572:Marine Geology
1557:
1552:J. Coast. Res.
1542:
1520:
1493:(2): 285–298.
1487:Ocean Dynamics
1472:
1426:
1399:
1357:
1335:
1320:
1291:
1266:
1199:
1175:
1150:
1126:
1115:www.sydney.com
1102:
1045:
1034:
1009:
954:
903:
862:
827:
800:(5): 820–830.
780:
738:
689:
649:
637:
611:
596:
566:
559:
540:
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395:
392:
391:
390:
387:
380:
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375:
368:
366:
363:
356:
344:
341:
337:Sydney Harbour
327:
324:
298:and may allow
291:
288:
262:
259:
189:
188:
171:
170:
129:
127:
120:
113:
112:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2688:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2646:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:Littoral zone
2610:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
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2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
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2557:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2545:Bulkhead line
2543:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
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2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:Wave shoaling
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2461:Surge channel
2459:
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2432:
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2327:
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2324:Cliffed coast
2322:
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2259:
2257:
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2251:Shingle beach
2249:
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2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
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2209:
2207:
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2202:
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2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
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1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
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1968:
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1963:
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1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
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1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1923:Coastal plain
1921:
1919:
1916:
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1911:
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1671:
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1647:
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1636:
1628:
1624:
1623:J. Coast. Res
1617:
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1387:
1383:
1379:
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1374:Geomorphology
1368:
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1364:
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1353:
1349:
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1339:
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1313:
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1262:
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1222:
1219:(8): e22396.
1218:
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1189:
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965:
958:
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946:
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934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:Sedimentology
907:
898:
893:
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831:
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597:9780081029275
593:
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541:
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520:
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508:
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502:
487:
482:
475:
470:
469:
465:
460:
456:
455:
454:
450:
448:
445:
441:
437:
436:San Francisco
428:
425:
422:
419:
418:
417:
414:
411:
406:
405:morphodynamic
402:
384:
379:
372:
367:
360:
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350:
340:
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334:
323:
321:
317:
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309:
305:
301:
297:
287:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:San Francisco
258:
256:
252:
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244:
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219:
215:
211:
204:
200:
195:
185:
182:
167:
164:
156:
146:
142:
136:
135:
130:This article
128:
119:
118:
109:
106:
98:
88:
84:
79:
77:
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2476:Volcanic arc
2364:Feeder bluff
2271:River mouths
2236:Raised beach
2231:Pocket beach
2215:
2159:
2130:Tidal island
2120:Strand plain
2065:Natural arch
1779:
1775:
1769:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1719:
1713:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1648:(1): 23–42.
1645:
1641:
1635:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1607:
1600:
1575:
1571:
1551:
1545:
1534:. Retrieved
1523:
1490:
1486:
1442:
1438:
1415:(1): 88–98.
1412:
1408:
1402:
1377:
1373:
1352:the original
1348:www.vims.edu
1347:
1338:
1329:
1323:
1307:
1294:
1284:, retrieved
1279:
1269:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1191:. Retrieved
1187:
1178:
1167:. Retrieved
1162:
1153:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1118:. Retrieved
1114:
1105:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1037:
1026:. Retrieved
1024:. 2020-09-18
1021:
1012:
971:
967:
957:
916:
912:
906:
879:
875:
865:
840:
836:
830:
797:
793:
758:
754:
706:
702:
692:
667:
663:
640:
631:
579:
569:
550:
544:
530:
500:
451:
432:
415:
397:
346:
329:
320:Ichthyofauna
293:
264:
209:
208:
177:
159:
150:
131:
101:
92:
73:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2627:River plume
2441:Steep coast
2414:Rocky shore
2409:Rip current
2289:River delta
2261:Wash margin
2256:Storm beach
2246:Shell beach
2211:Beach wrack
2206:Beach ridge
2196:Beach cusps
2145:Tied island
2135:Tidal marsh
1858:Archipelago
1739:Geosciences
1088:2117/109073
843:: 171–181.
724:2117/100987
709:: 216–225.
670:: 482–487.
399:underlying
308:Jamaica Bay
2660:Categories
2555:Grain size
2529:Submersion
2506:Management
2491:Wind fetch
2451:Surf break
2369:Flat coast
2299:regressive
2085:Salt marsh
1943:Coral reef
1745:(9): 324.
1629:: 748–760.
1610:: 183–187.
1536:2020-12-09
1445:: 106759.
1286:2020-08-07
1193:2020-08-07
1169:2020-12-18
1144:2020-10-14
1120:2020-08-07
1065:: 96–106.
1028:2020-12-10
536:References
444:Sydney, or
410:wind fetch
333:Pará River
261:Importance
226:wind waves
153:April 2021
95:April 2021
39:improve it
2671:Estuaries
2514:Accretion
2496:Wind wave
2456:Surf zone
2311:Processes
2284:Mouth bar
2241:Recession
2221:Beachrock
2140:Tide pool
2070:Peninsula
1958:cliff-top
1845:Landforms
1705:140148596
1691:: 11–27.
1515:131209461
1467:219036419
1243:1932-6203
1097:0964-5691
996:1469-7769
941:1365-3091
733:0261-5177
684:131696849
606:219882241
296:sea grass
218:estuaries
87:talk page
45:talk page
2645:Category
2471:Undertow
2424:Sea foam
2419:Sea cave
2319:Blowhole
2161:Windwatt
2020:Headland
1868:Avulsion
1670:62890669
1332:. Wiley.
1312:Archived
1261:21850223
1213:PLOS ONE
1004:85993789
949:35595227
822:85075672
518:marinas.
440:Shanghai
283:Shanghai
230:harbours
2666:Beaches
2595:shingle
2575:granule
2560:boulder
2538:Related
2434:peresyp
2344:Current
2279:Debouch
2188:Beaches
2155:Waituna
2150:Tombolo
2060:Mudflat
2055:Machair
2045:Isthmus
1965:Estuary
1908:Channel
1784:Bibcode
1747:Bibcode
1650:Bibcode
1580:Bibcode
1495:Bibcode
1447:Bibcode
1421:4297955
1382:Bibcode
1252:3151262
1221:Bibcode
1067:Bibcode
976:Bibcode
921:Bibcode
884:Bibcode
845:Bibcode
802:Bibcode
763:Bibcode
506:(2002).
401:geology
300:marshes
234:lagoons
214:beaches
139:Please
2585:pebble
2580:gravel
2570:cobble
2115:Strait
2095:Skerry
2050:Lagoon
2035:Island
1990:Fundus
1893:Bodden
1703:
1668:
1513:
1465:
1419:
1259:
1249:
1241:
1095:
1002:
994:
947:
939:
820:
731:
682:
604:
594:
557:
447:London
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