1427:, who granted it legal protection. It is also the largest fortress in the Indonesian archipelago by land area, at 22.8 hectares, and has a circumference of 2,740 meters. The fortress has a trench of around 1.5 kilometers in length which is divided into several parts for defensive purposes. Each part (baluara) of the fortress, is divided by internal walls and armed with cannons. It also has twelve gates (lawa) scattered around the fortress's outer layer. The inner part of the fortress is an old settlement complex said to have been founded by migrants from Johor and divided into limbo, each of which had administrative functions and a royal official. Inside this part is the royal mosque, built in 1712. The fortress also contains a 21-meter wooden flagpole, traditionally called kasulana tombi, which was built that year and is thought by Indonesian historians to be the oldest flagpole in the world still standing. In 1871, the flagpole was struck by lightning, resulting in parts of it being replaced. In 2020, due to its old age and to prevent further damage, the flagpole was reinforced by the city government with additional supports and a protective structure made of iron.
1423:, sometimes known as Wolio Fortress, which contains a royal complex. It was constructed around the 16th century, starting during the reign of Sultan La Sangaji and ending under Sultan La Buke. In local folk legend, the fortress's construction was so time-consuming that subjects who took part were unable to work elsewhere, and the siolimbona, the sultanate's legislative body, threatened to impeach the sultan who insisted on continuing it. Due to the presence of this fortress and several others around the city, Baubau is nicknamed the "city of thousand fortresses". These fortresses, including Wolio, were all built using carved coral reefs and limestone and were used as the main defense infrastructure of the sultanate. Fortresses were so ubiquitous a part of the sultanate's infrastructure that the Wolio language word for "fortress" is synonymous with "city", and every single kadie (administrative division of Sultanate of Buton) had at least one fortress built on it. The fortress itself and the complex inside of it were declared to be cultural heritage by Indonesia's
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501:
600:, Kolaka, and Raha, respectively. When Southeast Sulawesi province formed, Kendari replaced Baubau as the capital, resulting in the latter becoming less relevant economically and politically. Despite the creation of the province being the result of popular demand, the vision was initially that Baubau would become the capital; hence, the decision to choose Kendari was seen as betrayal of the original plan for the province. The decision to choose Kendari instead of Baubau was both the result of the city's losing a public vote against Kendari, 45–27, and of an incident where the city drafted two budgets produced by two different officials at the same time, creating dualism in the city's bureaucracy. Both cities also experienced an influx of refugees in the 1950s due to the
681:(kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations as of the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as of mid-2022. The city was previously divided into four districts: Betoambari, which had an area of 34.34 square kilometres (13.26 sq mi); Wolio, which had an area of 26.77 square kilometres (10.34 sq mi); Sorawolio, which had an area of82.25 square kilometres (31.76 sq mi); and Bungi, which had an area of 76.64 square kilometres (29.59 sq mi). At the time, Murhum, Kokalukuna, and Lea-Lea were incorporated within Betoambari, Wolio, and Bungi, while Batupoato was later spun out of Murhum. The table includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of
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1403:. It is managed jointly by the city government and private investors. Another park, Bukit Kaluku Park, was built in 2019 as part of a slum-upgrading project by the city. The park itself is located close to Kaluku Beach and has a direct view of Murhum Port. There is also another park located close to a different beach within the city called Kamali Park. A park located close to Wameo Market is used by vendors and hawkers in addition to its park function, while BRI Park near the city center was planned in 2022 to be a center for small businesses. In 2012, the city has total of 1,192 hectares of land classified as city parks.
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for better surveillance and management of the natives' activities. The Dutch also constructed a garden, called Keboen Raja, with a fountain at the intersection of
Kartini Street and Sudirman Street. Today, only the fountain is left; the rest of the garden was converted into a landfill. Other colonial-era buildings included several palaces and residences constructed by the Dutch for the Buton sultans and royal family members. In addition to buildings built by the Dutch administration, the city also has a
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1046:, Baubau is a second-level administrative division run by a mayor and vice mayor together with the city parliament, and has a status equivalent to a regency. Executive power lies with the mayor and vice mayor, while legislative duties are carried out by local parliaments. The mayor, vice mayor, and parliament members are democratically elected by the people of the city in elections. The heads of districts are appointed directly by the mayor, with recommendations by the city secretary.
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1147:. The largest contributors to the city's economy that year were its trade and retail, construction, and agriculture sectors, which consisted of 21.44%, 21.01%, and 15.60% of the city's GRDP. Its fastest-growing sector was its service sector, which grew by 11.05% between 2022 and 2023, and its fastest-declining sector was manufacturing, which declined by more than 22%. Economic growth of the overall city in 2023 was 3.38%, a decrease from the previous year's 5.28%.
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271:
82:
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400:
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1464:. The city also has other sports venues such as GOR Badminton Baubau for badminton, and several futsal fields, basketball, and volleyball courts, such as those in Murhum district, and the Lowu-Lowu Public Swimming Pool. The Islamic Center of Baubau is located in Wameo subdistrict in Murhum district and is often visited by religious tourists.
1061:, which together send 10 representatives to the 45-seat provincial parliament. For city elections, the city is divided into three electoral districts with 25 seats. The last election was in 2019 and the next one is planned for 2024. Below listed inside the table are the electoral districts in the city with their respective amount of seats.
1390:. Aside from Islam-related events, many other events and processions take place, several of which are related to the sea. These include Tuturangina Andala, to ward off bad weather or disaster while seaborne, Harona Andala, to wish for success while fishing, and Phalantoana Bhangka, to inaugurate newly built ships made by local workshops.
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of varying quality, including gravel and soil, as of 2023. The city's main roads connect to other major towns on the island such as
Pasarwajo and Ereke. Baubau also has a ring road under construction, which is expected to be finished by late 2024. The city's public transportation, as in most Indonesian cities, relies mostly on
1386:, led by the sultan in the royal palace complex and attended by Butonese people. The procession lasts around a month and ends with an event celebrated inside the Buton royal mosque. Another event, Haroana Rajabu, involves the Butonese people praying to their dead ancestors on the fourth Friday of the month of
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The city has a total road length of 472.3 kilometers, most of which are roads managed by the city government. National roads in the city comprise 53.4 kilometers of this total, while provincial roads comprise 9.5 kilometers. Around 316 kilometres of the road are paved with asphalt, while the rest are
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The area's more recent historical buildings, dating back to the early independence era in 1950s, include a housing complex for new civil servants dating to 1952. Baubau also includes the
Galangi Monument, a monument of a figure wearing galangi, Butonese traditional wear, with their hand pointing to
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officer, a colonial-era post office, and the town square (today called
Merdeka Square) are located along this street. According to the Dutch administration, the spatial planning around this area with a central town square was a common feature of indigenous Muslim towns; the area was then reinforced
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The most populous district in the city is Wolio district, which contained 27% of the city's population in 2023. This was followed by
Batupoaro district with 17%, and Betoambari, Murhum, and Kokalukuna districts, with 13% each. The remaining 17% were distributed among other three districts (Lea-lea,
513:, which became the center of governance. These four are collectively known as "mia patamiana" and are said to be the origin of the royal family. The sultanate is said to have been a unification of four villages that later founded the kingdom. Islam spread to the region after a visiting scholar from
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island. Baubau attained city status on 21 June 2001 after Law Number 13 of 2001 was passed. It covers an area of 294.98 square kilometres (113.89 sq mi), of which about 30 square kilometres (12 sq mi) is water. It had a population of 136,991 at the 2010 Census and 159,248 at the
664:. Soils in the city and the rest of Buton Island are not fertile and are relatively unsuitable for large-scale farming. Similar to other Indonesian cities, Baubau has tropical weather. The day and night temperatures typically vary from 29 to 33 °C during the day and 20 to 29 °C at night.
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In 1911, under the Dutch colonial government, the city became the capital of
Afdeeling Ost Celebes, and the governance of the whole eastern Sulawesi region was consolidated to the city. As a result, the city grew in administrative importance and received modern infrastructure such as sealed roads,
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The city hosts several urban parks; one of the most prominent is
Kotamara Park, which is located on the city's waterfront facing the sea. Built in 2010, the park was constructed on top of reclaimed land in Batupoaro district. Hutan Pinus Samparona, an urban forest in Sorawolio district, is also a
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According to local legends, the city's history started when four groups of Malay merchants in the late 13th century landed on Buton Island. Sipajonga and
Simalui landed first on the southern coast and arrived with a banner that would become the banner of the sultanate. Sitamanjo and Sijawangkati
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due to the region's swampy nature. This development was followed by economic expansion to the rest of Buton Island, starting with the opening of an asphalt mine in 1924. The asphalt was then used to construct inland roads to an economically important part of the island where there were coconut
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was 98.45 males for every 100 females in 2023, with some districts such as Lea-Lea and Bungli having more males and other districts such as Wolio and Murhum having more females. The city's most densely populated district is
Batupoaro with 16,161 people per square kilometre, followed by Murhum
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in the 16th century converted the ruling royals and eventually turned the kingdom into a sultanate with its own constitution called "Murtabat Tujuh". During much of its existence, the political position of the Buton
Sultanate was mainpulated by more powerful entities such as
2236:"Keputusan KPU Nomor 291/PL.01.3-Kpt/06/KPU/IV/2018 tentang Penetapan Daerah Pemilihan dan Alokasi Kursi Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota di Wilayah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dalam Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2019"
615:. Residents of Buton later demanded the creation of a new Buton Islands Province with Baubau as the capital, which would separate the regency from the rest of Southeast Sulawesi. The creation of this province was supported by the governor of Southeast Sulawesi and the
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also being produced. Around 1,300 hectares of the city were allocated for rice fields, however, many of these were underutilized and often abandoned by its farmers due to the soil being unsuitable for large-scale rice farming. The city also has significant
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Bungi, and Sorawolio). The average population growth of the city in 2023 was 1.18%, with Bungli district seeing 3.34% growth, Lea-Lea 3.20%, Betoambari 2.98%, Wolio 0.88%, Sorawolio 0.75%, Murhum 0.65%, Batupoaro 0.33%, and Kokalukuna 0.06%. The city's
1197:. In addition, Baubau is a center of fish processing from nearby regions and processed around 10,000 tonnes of fish that were frozen and re-exported elsewhere in 2021. The city planned to establish a shrimp aquaculture industry within the city in 2023.
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Baubau has one stadium, called Betoambari Stadium, mainly for association football and large ceremonies. In 2021, the stadium was renovated with FIFA-standard grass. The city is home to Persibau Baubau, an Indonesian football club playing in
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As the city was the capital of the Buton Sultanate, it retains many of the old sultanate's events and ethnic processions. A mix of Islamic influences and local cultures can be seen in celebrations such as Haroana Maludhu, which celebrates
1230:. The city's main port, Murhum Port, aside from being used for fisheries, is also expected to support asphalt industries from nearby Buton Regency. About 28,000 people from the city participated in economic activities related to or within
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2211:"Peraturan KPU Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Daerah Pemilihan dan Alokasi Kursi Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota dalam Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2024"
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Baubau's economic importance declined following Indonesian independence, as the country's political power shifted from the sultanate to local figures and politicians. A local parliament was formed, with an election taking place in
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The city's tourism and service sector contributed around 1.21% to the city's economy. Baubau contains 50 registered hotels, 177 registered restaurant businesses, eight designated public market buildings, and 1,559 registered
474:. Another theory suggests that it came from "bau", a Malay word meaning "to smell", since it was a busy port town with unpleasant-smelling fish markets around the area. A third suggestion descends the word from the
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The city has 110 kindergartens, 80 elementary schools, 38 junior high schools, 18 senior high schools, eight vocational high schools, and five tertiary education institutions registered in the city, according to
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gained the most seats (six and five respectively). The local parliament had already met in an ethnic Chinese school building in the city on 21 July 1953 and consisted of members appointed prior to the election.
449:, the seat of the colonial administration of Eastern Sulawesi (Afdeeling Ost Celebes), and briefly the capital of the entire Southeast Sulawesi regency until 1955 when the capital status shifted to neighbouring
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Geographically, Baubau lies between latitude 5.21°S and 5.33°S and longitude 122.30°E and 122.47°E, and is located in the southern part of Southeast Sulawesi province. Baubau is bordered to the north by the
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The city's agriculture centers are Bungi, Sorawalio, and Lea-Lea districts, which between them have 59.6% of the city's registered agriculture business. In 2023, the city's most produced commodities were
647:
The topographical condition of Baubau consists mostly of mountains and hills above a long coast. Long hills stretch above the surrounding terrain with the variation of altitude between 0 and 100 meters
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2020 Census; the official estimate in mid-2023 was 161,280. The city is the economic center of the Buton Island region and the second-largest city in the province. It was the cultural center of the
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the port. In total, there are 51 historical objects dating back to this era noted; most are managed or protected by the city's Culture and Tourism Department, though others lack documentation.
555:. During this time, the city also saw the founding of migrant quarters such as Kampung Bone and Kampung Wajo. Baubau acted as South Sulawesi's main port, local goods hub, and main market town.
1210:. In 2023, the city was visited by 108,329 domestic tourists and 289 foreign tourists. The city has 3,458 registered small and micro industries in 2020, which employed 8,148 people that year.
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538:, eventually falling under Dutch East India Company protection in the 17th century. A settlement later grew around Wolio Fortress and the palace complex that eventually become Baubau city.
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Being located on an island, water transport is an integral part of city's transportation system to other islands or mainland Sulawesi. This service is provided primarily by
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Out of Baubau's total population of 161,280 in 2023, 84,185 were classified as economically active, with the city's unemployment rate that year being 2.17%, according to
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604:. People from outside of the cities were evacuated to camps within the city, with kidnappings of civilians by Darul Islam forces commonplace until the following decade.
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The city is the headquarters of Kodim 1413 / Buton, which oversees territorial defense of the entire Buton Island. It has been part of Korem 143 / Haluoleo under
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There are 81 registered cooperatives in the city as of 2023, according to Statistics Indonesia. There are several bank branches present in the city such as
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1263:. The population pyramid of the city was dominated by those between age 14 to 34 years old in 2021. The religious demography of the city is dominated by
2921:
1493:. In recent years, the number of angkots have declined due to ride-hailing services putting some angkot owners out of business after outcompeting them.
1291:, which was the official language of the Sultanate and is still taught in schools. The city is also home to other regional languages of Buton, such as
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A public school in Baubau with sign written in both Latin and Hangul. The city saw short-lived effort to use Hangul for writing regional language
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1256:(3,403/km), Wolio (1,283/km), Kokalukuna (1,244/km), Betoambari (644/km), Lea-lea (277/km), Bungi (149/km), and Sorawolio (82/km).
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with 0.05%, according to data from late 2021. The literacy rate in the city as of 2023 was 97.52%. Baubau's national language is
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1877:"Implication of conflict of ownership regional assets in the expansion of Bau-Bau City in the territory of ex Buton sultanate"
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Certain parts of the city, especially around Balai Kota Street, contain colonial-era buildings, with their design resembling
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1344:, as well as Baubau Polytechnic and Dayanu Ikhsanuddin University. All universities and colleges in the city are private.
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Between 1952's Law Number 34 and 1955, the city was the capital of the Southeast Sulawesi Regency (today corresponding to
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1690:"Wolio, Buton, Atau Baubau Sebagai Wacana Nama Kota Baubau (Identitas Dan Transformasi Nilai Budaya Kesultanan Buton)"
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3219:"Ini Lokasi dan Cabang Olah Raga yang Dipertandingkan di Porprov XIV Sultra di Buton dan Baubau - Suarakendari.com"
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Clockwise from top: Baubau city waterfront, Buton Palace Fortress, Baubau Dragon Statue, Islamic Center of Baubau
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There are several theories regarding the origin of the city's name. The first traces it to the word "bhaau", a
382:
1971:"Gubernur Sultra Ali Mazi Apresiasi Positif Ketua DPD RI La Nyalla Mendukung Pemekaran Provinsi Kepton Arsip"
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via a bridge from Baubau, however, this plan was put on hold indefinitely in 2023. The city is served by
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followed, landing on the northern coast and eventually moving inland, establishing the area now known as
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2567:"Ketua DPD RI Dorong Pelabuhan Murhum Baubau Jadi Pendukung Perkembangan Aspal Buton - Mantra Sukabumi"
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619:, but did not go ahead due to a moratorium on creating new autonomous regions under the presidency of
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telephones, and military installments. The development of the city's infrastructure was modeled after
112:
2663:"Menjelajahi Buton, Pulau Penghasil Aspal di Tenggara Sulawesi - Semua Halaman - National Geographic"
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640:), to the east and south by the Buton Regency districts Kapontori and Pasarwajo, and to the west by
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527:
392:
3370:"Inilah 55 Fakta Menarik Tentang Buton Yang Jarang Ketahui – Dinas Pariwisata Sulawesi Tenggara"
1049:
The city is part of the 4th Southeast Sulawesi electoral district, together with Buton Regency,
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1340:. Universities in the city include Buton Muhammadiyah University, a private university run by
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3293:"Masyarakat Keluhkan Material Pemeliharaan Jalan Poros Ereke - Baubau, Kadis PU Butur 'Cuek'"
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with routes regulated by the local government, complemented by ride-hailing services such as
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2522:[BNI Baubau Distributes 300 Basic Food Packages to Kepton Residents] (in Indonesian)
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noble title "Andi Bau", as many holders of this title settled in the city after fleeing the
72:
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3099:"Lanskap Kolonial Kota Baubau Sebuah Pusaka Peninggalan Masa Kolonial di Sulawesi Tenggara"
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farming output, exporting 4,914 tonnes in 2022, and fishing boats around the city catch
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1509:
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1164:, with the city producing 3,610 and 2,143 tonnes respectively, with high quantities of
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3241:"Wisata Religi Islamic Center Baubau Sambil Menikmati Pemandangan Sunset di Sore Hari"
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2821:"Melepas Senja di Kotamara, Kawasan Paling Indah di Kota Baubau, Sulawesi Tenggara"
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2583:[Positive Trends in Baubau's Economy Growing Thanks to the Role of MSMEs].
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1730:"Mengenal Baubau dan Wangi-Wangi, Daerah dengan Nama Unik di Indonesia Halaman all"
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to create a written version of their language. Most of the city's inhabitants are
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2363:"Kecamatan Sorawolio Diproyeksikan Jadi Kawasan Penghasil Jagung di Kota Baubau"
2084:"Kejayaan Kesultanan Buton Abad Ke-17 & 18 dalam Tinjauan Arkeologi Ekologi"
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Malim, Dinna Dayana; Sumantri, Iwan; Supriadi; Tahara, Tasrifin (23 July 2019).
652:. Baubau has a land slope of up to 40%. The dominant soil types in the city are
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1903:"Harapan Pembentukan Kepulauan Buton usai Jokowi Dapat Gelar 'La Ode Muhammad'"
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3141:[The 482nd Haroana Baubau Ceremony was centered at Betoambari Stadium]
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1836:"Politik dan Ekonomi di Dua Kota: Baubau dan Kendari pada tahun 1950an–1960an"
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Mengenal kawasan cagar budaya Benteng Wolio: benteng Keraton Kesultanan Buton
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2053:(Report). Vol. 15. Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Baubau. 28 February 2024.
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1651:(Report). Vol. 15. Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Baubau. 28 February 2024.
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1573:(Report). Vol. 15. Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Baubau. 28 February 2024.
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2418:"Potensi Ekspor Perikanan Baubau Tinggi, Izin Pelaku Usahanya masih Sedikit"
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which gained international attention when its users tried to use the Korean
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3267:"Pengendara Hati-hati: Sejumlah Titik Jalan Poros Baubau-Pasarwajo Amblas"
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Syahadat, Ray March; Arifin, Nurhayati H. S.; Arifin, Hadi Susilo (2015).
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3498:[Betoambari Airport Supports Baubau - Kendari Flight Subsidies].
3165:"Stadion Betoambari Baubau akan Pakai Rumput Standar FIFA - Hallo Sulsel"
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and consequent decentralization across Indonesia, separating itself from
3064:"Tiang Bendera Tertua di Dunia di Kota Baubau Tetap Terjaga Keasliannya"
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Stadion Betoambari Baubau akan Pakai Rumput Standar FIFA - Hallo Sulsel
2544:[BRI Baubau Branch Successfully Holds Simpedes Prize Harvest].
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3417:"Wali Kota Baubau sebut Pelni berperan dalam pertumbuhan perekonomian"
1784:"Inventory and Development Potential of Baubau City Cultural Heritage"
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word meaning 'new', as the location was a bustling new town under the
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1932:[Buton Islands, How Long Will Your Presence Be?] (in Malay).
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area consisting of shophouses and old commercial buildings built by
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2999:"Hikayat Benteng Wolio Sulawesi Tenggara, Benteng Terluas di Dunia"
2391:"SKIPM Kota Baubau antarpulaukan 4.914 ton rumput laut selama 2022"
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Including the offshore islets of Pulau Batukapal and Pulau Batusori
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289:
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Rabani, La Ode; Purwanto, Bambang; Margana, Sri (31 August 2020).
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style. A former residence office building, a former house of the
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since 2017, when the larger Kodam VII / Wirabuana was dissolved.
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530:. It was constantly under threat of invasion by the neighbouring
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3496:"Bandara Betoambari Dukung Subsidi Penerbangan Baubau - Kendari"
3139:"Upacara Haroana Baubau ke-482 Dipusatkan di Stadion Betoambari"
2870:"Ini Destinasi Wisata yang Wajib Juga Dikunjungi di Kota Baubau"
2028:[Population Development Profile of Baubau City in 2021]
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81:
4158:
4138:
4081:
4070:
3972:
3965:
3943:
3913:
3888:
3882:
3780:
2948:"Taman BRI Di Pusat Kota Baubau Akan Di Manfaatkan Pelaku UMKM"
1482:
1400:
1383:
1296:
1207:
1157:
657:
552:
370:
3563:
2847:"Hutan Pinus Samparona, Wisata Alam untuk Swafoto dan Bermain"
2174:"PP No. 17 Tahun 2018 tentang Kecamatan [JDIH BPK RI]"
1694:
Pangadereng: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora
4087:
4042:
3858:
3846:
3799:
3793:
2121:
2119:
1634:
1632:
1497:
1486:
1387:
1304:
514:
475:
437:
17:
3319:"Pemkot Baubau komitmen tuntaskan pembangunan jalan lingkar"
1622:
1620:
4012:
1781:
416:
3526:
2520:"BNI Baubau Berbagi 300 Paket Sembako kepada Warga Kepton"
2116:
1629:
1234:
and microindustries that existed within the city in 2023.
3192:"PS Baubau Keluhkan Tak ada Tim Medis di Liga III Sultra"
2026:"Profil Perkembangan Kependudukan Kota Baubau Tahun 2021"
1617:
2896:"Lurah Wale Ajak Mayarakat Rawat Taman Di Pantai Kamali"
3345:"Kini GO-JEK Hadir di 158 Kota dan Kabupaten Indonesia"
2581:"Trend Positif Ekonomi Baubau Tumbuh Berkat Peran UMKM"
2795:"RAGAM PRAKTIK UPACARA DALAM TRADISI MASYARAKAT BUTON"
2542:"BRI Cabang Baubau Sukses Gelar Panen Hadiah Simpedes"
2922:"Taman Belakang Pasar Wameo Bakal Ditempati Pedagang"
1833:
607:
Baubau was granted city status in 2001 following the
3096:
1997:"Gubernur Sultra Dukung Pembentukan Provinsi Kepton"
1352:
The city has seven hospitals, three polyclinics, 26
1447:who immigrated during the 19th and 20th centuries.
551:plantations and harvesting of forest goods such as
2444:"Kota Baubau mengembangkan budi daya udang vaname"
1419:The most prominent historical site in the city is
2637:"Tahun 2018, Kurikulum Bahasa Wolio Diberlakukan"
4202:
3470:"Proyek Pembangunan Jembatan Buton-Muna Ditunda"
436:. The city is located on the southwest coast of
2495:"Pemkot Baubau Kerja Sama Sewa ATM Bank Sultra"
3041:(in Indonesian). Universitas Halu Oleo Press.
2470:"PROFIL INDUSTRI MIKRO KECIL KOTA BAUBAU 2020"
1540:Including the offshore islet of Pulau Makassar
1504:. There was a plan to connect Buton Island to
1399:popular location with locals for hangouts and
3730:
3549:
1930:"Kepulauan Buton, Masih Lamakah Kehadiranmu?"
1758:State and Trade in the Indonesian Archipelago
1200:
546:and was tailored to help fight the spread of
489:
3753:Indonesian cities with a 200,000+ population
3035:Abdul Munafi; Muhammad Nasrun Saafi (2021).
2739:"PDDikti - Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi"
2714:"PDDikti - Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi"
2689:"PDDikti - Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi"
2082:Mujabuddawat, Muhammad Al (30 August 2016).
2081:
1377:Sultan of Buton praying to a grave in Baubau
1363:
1150:
1143:(GRDP) in 2023 was valued at 7.449 trillion
504:Boats docking around harbour in Baubau, 1920
1945:"Moratorium Dicabut, Provinsi Kepton Mekar"
1687:
1271:as the second largest religion with 1.64%,
4221:States and territories established in 2001
3737:
3723:
3556:
3542:
3162:
1103:Bungi, Kokalukuna, Lea-Lea, and Sorawolio
1037:
672:
3706:List of regencies and cities of Indonesia
3391:"Di Baubau, jumlah angkutan kota menurun"
3114:
3061:
2610:
2099:
1927:
1851:
1799:
1705:
1688:Tahara, Tasrifin; Bahri, Syamsul (2018).
689:) in each district, and their postcodes.
2974:"Rencana tata ruang wilayah kota Baubau"
2361:Abiddin, La Ode Muh (7 September 2021).
1471:
1405:
1372:
1326:
1319:migrants from other parts of Indonesia.
1241:
499:
3467:
3216:
3189:
2793:Munafi, La Ode Abdul (15 August 2022).
2597:
2360:
1928:Wataullah, Haerul Mulku (10 May 2020).
1874:
1754:
1287:, while its major regional language is
347:294.98 km (113.89 sq mi)
4203:
3449:. ANTARA News Agency. 26 February 2017
3397:. ANTARA News Agency. 30 November 2018
3158:
3156:
2867:
2792:
2333:
2301:
2205:
2203:
2125:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023,
1875:Tuwu, Darmin; Sos, S. (October 2017).
1788:Kainawa: Jurnal Pembangunan Dan Budaya
584:). The regency was later divided into
534:and of raids by pirate ships from the
4198:City in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
3718:
3537:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3020:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2450:. ANTARA News Agency. 25 January 2023
2385:
2383:
2336:"Lahan Luas, Petani di Baubau Kurang"
2329:
2327:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2077:
2075:
2020:
2018:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1638:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
3325:. ANTARA News Agency. 7 October 2022
3103:Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
2415:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1626:Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
3153:
2976:[Baubau city spatial plan]
2200:
2051:Baubau Municipality in Figures 2024
1900:
1649:Baubau Municipality in Figures 2024
1571:Baubau Municipality in Figures 2024
1414:
1368:
1213:
13:
3081:
3017:
2954:(in Indonesian). 26 September 2022
2781:
2397:. ANTARA News Agency. 8 April 2023
2380:
2324:
2278:
2072:
2015:
1816:
1436:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
1081:Batupoaro, Betoambari, and Murhum
14:
4237:
3518:
3468:Karsila, Anggun (21 March 2023).
3299:(in Indonesian). 14 December 2021
3273:(in Indonesian). 22 February 2022
2849:(in Indonesian). 18 February 2018
1736:(in Indonesian). 16 February 2022
1670:
1467:
1410:Walls of Wolio Fortress in Baubau
558:
4189:are the Capital city of Province
3746:
3670:
3005:(in Indonesian). 6 November 2022
2643:(in Indonesian). 29 October 2017
1942:
399:
398:
303:
269:
202:
195:
162:
155:
126:
111:
91:
80:
71:
60:
3488:
3461:
3435:
3409:
3383:
3362:
3337:
3311:
3285:
3259:
3233:
3210:
3183:
3131:
3055:
2991:
2980:(in Indonesian). Archived from
2966:
2940:
2914:
2888:
2861:
2839:
2813:
2756:
2731:
2706:
2681:
2655:
2629:
2591:
2573:
2559:
2534:
2512:
2487:
2462:
2436:
2409:
2354:
2253:
2228:
2191:
2166:
2149:
2132:
2043:
2032:(in Indonesian). Archived from
1989:
1963:
1936:
1921:
1894:
1868:
1761:. KITLV Press. pp. 17–57.
1543:
1534:
1476:Passenger ship docked in Baubau
1237:
1141:gross regional domestic product
677:The city is divided into eight
617:Regional Representative Council
2307:"Kota Baubau Dalam Angka 2024"
1775:
1748:
1722:
1641:
1592:
1563:
1331:A junior high school in Baubau
203:
163:
1:
3443:"Baubau Masuk Jalur Tol Laut"
2928:(in Indonesian). 19 June 2018
2868:Djohan, Deni (5 April 2020).
2261:"Sejarah Korem 143/Halu Oleo"
1604:Database Peraturan | JDIH BPK
1556:
1393:
1347:
667:
4211:Cities in Southeast Sulawesi
3217:redaksi (10 November 2022).
3116:10.15294/paramita.v25i2.5130
2827:(in Indonesian). 15 May 2024
2127:Kota Baubau Dalam Angka 2023
2003:(in Indonesian). 2 June 2017
1801:10.46891/kainawa.1.2019.1-15
1322:
1113:
1105:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1026:
986:
957:
928:
896:
864:
835:
803:
771:
626:
461:
445:, the former capital of the
7:
4216:1541 establishments in Asia
3423:(in Indonesian). 1 May 2023
3062:kulitinta (12 March 2021).
2902:(in Indonesian). 7 May 2019
1901:Nugraha, Al Khoriah Etiek.
1853:10.20473/mozaik.v20i1.15746
1122:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
980:
977:
974:
971:
951:
948:
945:
942:
922:
919:
916:
913:
890:
887:
884:
881:
858:
855:
852:
849:
829:
826:
823:
820:
797:
794:
791:
788:
765:
762:
759:
756:
596:, whose seats were Baubau,
582:Southeast Sulawesi province
10:
4242:
2667:nationalgeographic.grid.id
2599:Anceaux, Johannes Cornelis
2334:Heeryl (5 February 2022).
2197:Government Law No. 19 1998
2129:(Katalog-BPS 1102001.7472)
1884:Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif
1201:Tourism and service sector
1134:
636:(between Buton Island and
493:
490:Early and colonial history
456:
15:
4182:
4056:
3957:
3867:
3808:
3759:
3702:
3679:
3668:
3582:
3572:
3190:Redaksi (23 April 2018).
2799:Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah
2101:10.24832/kapata.v11i1.279
1454:
1364:Culture and entertainment
1267:with 96.65%, followed by
1151:Agriculture and fisheries
1110:
574:Indonesian National Party
411:
391:
381:
364:
356:
351:
343:
338:
331: • Acting Mayor
330:
325:
317:
295:
283:
263:
228:
149:
140:
125:
107:
54:
49:
40:
30:
3564:Regencies and cities of
2416:Rini (23 January 2020).
1707:10.36869/pjhpish.v4i1.73
1527:
1512:with regular flights to
528:Dutch East India Company
34:
16:Not to be confused with
2743:pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id
2718:pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id
2693:pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id
1755:Schutte, G. J. (1994).
1038:Government and politics
683:administrative villages
673:Administrative division
2265:korem143.tni-ad.mil.id
2241:. KPU RI. 4 April 2018
1600:"UU No. 13 Tahun 2001"
1477:
1411:
1378:
1332:
1247:
1129:Kodam XIV / Hasanuddin
685:(all classed as urban
505:
375:Indonesia Central Time
3163:Ma'waledha, Haludin.
2612:10.1163/9789004286320
2011:– via Newswire.
1475:
1425:Ministry of Education
1421:Buton Palace Fortress
1409:
1376:
1330:
1303:, with a minority of
1245:
1224:Bank Negara Indonesia
1220:Bank Rakyat Indonesia
1055:Central Buton Regency
703:district (kecamatan)
644:'s Kadatua District.
602:Darul Islam rebellion
503:
334:La Ode Ahmad Monianse
248:5.46222°S 122.60583°E
219:Show map of Indonesia
3245:Tribunnewssultra.com
2499:web.baubaukota.go.id
2474:baubaukota.bps.go.id
2311:baubaukota.bps.go.id
1338:Statistics Indonesia
1261:Statistics Indonesia
650:above mean sea level
536:Sultanate of Ternate
186:Show map of Sulawesi
4226:Cities in Indonesia
3809:1,000,000–1,999,999
2178:peraturan.bpk.go.id
1067:Electoral district
1059:South Buton Regency
642:South Buton Regency
588:, Kendari Regency,
253:-5.46222; 122.60583
244: /
3760:2,000,000 and more
3566:Southeast Sulawesi
3447:Antara News Sultra
3395:Antara News Sultra
3323:Antara News Sultra
2603:The Wolio Language
2448:Antara News Sultra
2395:Antara News Sultra
1510:Betoambari Airport
1478:
1412:
1379:
1333:
1248:
777:93724 & 93725
727:Estimate mid 2023
506:
496:Sultanate of Buton
472:Sultanate of Buton
447:Sultanate of Buton
430:Southeast Sulawesi
357: • Total
344: • Total
311:Southeast Sulawesi
216:Baubau (Indonesia)
134:Southeast Sulawesi
4195:
4194:
3712:
3711:
3105:(in Indonesian).
3048:978-602-5835-52-0
2768:sirs.kemkes.go.id
2622:978-90-04-28632-0
2605:. Leiden: Brill.
1768:978-90-6718-083-2
1696:(in Indonesian).
1232:small enterprises
1120:
1119:
1044:Indonesian cities
1035:
1034:
532:Sultanate of Gowa
423:
422:
4233:
4093:Pematang Siantar
3751:
3750:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3716:
3715:
3674:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3527:Official website
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3439:
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3430:
3428:
3413:
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3406:
3404:
3402:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3366:
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3359:
3357:
3355:
3341:
3335:
3334:
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3330:
3315:
3309:
3308:
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3289:
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3282:
3280:
3278:
3263:
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3254:
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3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3187:
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3180:
3178:
3176:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3118:
3094:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3032:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2987:on 24 June 2022.
2986:
2979:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2918:
2912:
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2907:
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2865:
2859:
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2834:
2832:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2790:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2641:INILAHSULTRA.COM
2633:
2627:
2626:
2614:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2587:(in Indonesian).
2577:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2516:
2510:
2509:
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2505:
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2440:
2434:
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2431:
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2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2303:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2215:
2207:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2136:
2130:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2103:
2088:Kapata Arkeologi
2079:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1881:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1840:Mozaik Humaniora
1831:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1709:
1685:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1627:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1567:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1518:Wakatobi Regency
1502:Sea Toll Program
1415:Historical sites
1369:Butonese culture
1358:Siloam Hospitals
1279:with 0.37%, and
1214:Other industries
1073:Representatives
1064:
1063:
1051:Wakatobi Regency
692:
691:
484:second Bone Wars
419:
417:baubaukota.go.id
406:
402:
401:
313:
309:
307:
306:
279:
275:
273:
272:
259:
258:
256:
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254:
249:
245:
242:
241:
240:
237:
220:
206:
205:
199:
187:
166:
165:
159:
132:Location within
130:
115:
95:
84:
75:
64:
28:
27:
25:City in Sulawesi
4241:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4191:
4178:
4144:Padangsidempuan
4057:200,000–299,999
4052:
3958:300,000–499,999
3953:
3868:500,000–999,999
3863:
3842:South Tangerang
3804:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3713:
3708:
3698:
3675:
3666:
3578:
3568:
3562:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3516:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3502:(in Indonesian)
3494:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3477:
3476:(in Indonesian)
3466:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3368:
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3363:
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3342:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3247:(in Indonesian)
3239:
3238:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3221:(in Indonesian)
3215:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3198:(in Indonesian)
3196:Kolaka Pos News
3188:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3171:(in Indonesian)
3161:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3095:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3033:
3018:
3008:
3006:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2984:
2977:
2972:
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2967:
2957:
2955:
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2931:
2929:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2876:(in Indonesian)
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2791:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2669:(in Indonesian)
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2596:
2592:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2540:
2539:
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3652:South Konawe
3642:North Konawe
3637:North Kolaka
3504:. Retrieved
3499:
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3478:. Retrieved
3473:
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2140:"UU 22 1999"
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2045:
2034:the original
2005:. Retrieved
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1991:
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1342:Muhammadiyah
1334:
1275:with 0.99%,
1258:
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1238:Demographics
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1041:
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869:
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739:of villages
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721:Census 2020
720:
715:Census 2010
714:
708:
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696:
676:
646:
634:Buton Strait
630:
606:
594:Muna Regency
579:
562:
540:
507:
465:
425:
424:
321:21 June 2001
176:Location in
117:Coat of arms
22:
4117:Probolinggo
3932:Banjarmasin
3908:Tasikmalaya
3647:South Buton
3632:North Buton
3607:East Kolaka
3421:Antara News
3068:Kasamea.com
2764:"RS Online"
2367:Surya Metro
2220:10 February
2157:"UU 8 2015"
1949:Publik Satu
1907:detiksulsel
1794:(1): 1–15.
1506:Muna Island
1277:Catholicism
1228:Sultra Bank
1174:dragonfruit
1100:Baubau 3rd
1089:Baubau 2nd
1078:Baubau 1st
879:Kokalukuna
862:Wangkanapi
769:Katobengke
754:Betoambari
725:Population
719:Population
713:Population
638:Muna Island
621:Joko Widodo
568:, in which
318:City Status
251: /
239:122°36′21″E
35:Kota Baubau
4205:Categories
4122:Singkawang
4106:Banda Aceh
4099:Banjarbaru
4048:Pekalongan
4006:Yogyakarta
3920:Balikpapan
3704:See also:
2874:telisik.id
2245:22 January
2001:Bisnis.com
1734:KOMPAS.com
1557:References
1394:City parks
1348:Healthcare
1285:Indonesian
1183:decapterus
1023:Betoambari
911:Sorawolio
818:Batupoaro
668:Governance
526:, and the
494:See also:
432:province,
352:Population
326:Government
3949:Surakarta
3926:Pontianak
3895:Samarinda
3876:Pekanbaru
3822:Palembang
3816:Tangerang
3662:West Muna
3584:Regencies
3574:Capital:
3125:2407-5825
2807:2686-3774
2801:: 59–74.
2110:2503-0876
2094:(1): 21.
2059:2622-4461
1862:2442-935X
1846:(1): 39.
1810:2715-6184
1716:2686-4355
1657:2622-4461
1579:2622-4461
1441:Chinatown
1354:puskesmas
1323:Education
1317:Sundanese
1309:Moluccans
1253:sex ratio
1187:anchovies
1170:tangerine
1166:pineapple
1162:jackfruit
1139:Baubau's
984:Kantalai
966:74.72.07
937:74.72.04
908:74.72.03
894:Waruruma
876:74.72.05
844:74.72.02
815:74.72.08
801:Lamangga
783:74.72.06
751:74.72.01
687:kelurahan
679:districts
627:Geography
462:Etymology
434:Indonesia
387:(+62) 402
383:Area code
366:Time zone
277:Indonesia
236:5°27′44″S
182:Indonesia
4164:Pasuruan
4026:Sukabumi
3999:Bengkulu
3992:Jayapura
3902:Denpasar
3836:Makassar
3829:Semarang
3775:Surabaya
3657:Wakatobi
2748:26 April
2723:26 April
2698:26 April
2601:(1988).
2316:26 April
2183:16 April
1740:27 April
1514:Makassar
1432:Art Deco
1313:Javanese
1305:Buginese
1301:Butonese
1281:Buddhism
1123:Military
969:Lea-Lea
955:Liabuku
701:Name of
697:Wilayah
654:cambisol
572:and the
520:Makassar
297:Province
290:Sulawesi
178:Sulawesi
4169:Ternate
4112:Tarakan
4038:Cirebon
4032:Kendari
3985:Mataram
3979:Cilegon
3787:Bandung
3768:Jakarta
3694:Kendari
3592:Bombana
3576:Kendari
1522:Kendari
1483:angkots
1401:selfies
1293:Cia-Cia
1265:Muslims
1208:warungs
1179:seaweed
1135:Economy
1070:Region
1018:161,280
1013:159,248
1008:136,991
940:Bungi
914:111.78
900:93711,
891:20,913
888:20,992
885:16,736
859:43,484
856:43,342
853:37,974
830:27,150
827:26,733
824:25,889
807:93721,
798:20,860
795:20,021
792:19,261
786:Murhum
775:93721,
766:21,806
763:22,434
760:16,283
737:Number
733:centre
662:latosol
598:Kendari
570:Masyumi
548:malaria
544:Sibolga
524:Ternate
457:History
451:Kendari
412:Website
403:0.775 (
360:161,280
264:Country
4185:Note:
4174:Banjar
4159:Madiun
4139:Bitung
4082:Sorong
4076:Kediri
4071:Binjai
3973:Kupang
3966:Manado
3944:Cimahi
3914:Serang
3889:Malang
3883:Padang
3781:Bekasi
3689:Baubau
3681:Cities
3617:Konawe
3612:Kolaka
3506:24 May
3480:13 May
3453:13 May
3427:13 May
3401:13 May
3375:13 May
3354:13 May
3329:13 May
3303:13 May
3277:13 May
3251:16 May
3225:16 May
3202:16 May
3175:16 May
3145:24 May
3123:
3073:15 May
3045:
3009:15 May
2958:16 May
2932:16 May
2906:16 May
2880:16 May
2853:16 May
2831:16 May
2805:
2773:13 May
2673:14 May
2647:13 May
2619:
2551:24 May
2526:24 May
2504:14 May
2479:13 May
2454:13 May
2428:13 May
2401:13 May
2372:13 May
2346:13 May
2270:24 May
2108:
2064:7 July
2057:
2007:12 May
1981:12 May
1955:12 May
1943:Rudi.
1913:12 May
1860:
1808:
1765:
1714:
1662:7 July
1655:
1609:7 July
1584:7 July
1577:
1520:, and
1462:Liga 3
1455:Others
1384:Mawlid
1315:, and
1226:, and
1193:, and
1185:fish,
1172:, and
1158:papaya
1145:rupiah
1111:Total
1092:Wolio
1057:, and
1003:294.98
998:Totals
990:93733
981:9,118
978:8,519
975:6,630
972:32.96
961:93732
952:8,791
949:8,381
946:7,096
943:58.89
932:93731
923:9,158
920:8,826
917:7,122
882:16.81
870:93717
850:33.89
847:Wolio
839:93728
833:Wameo
757:32.85
745:codes
709:in km
660:, and
658:podzol
592:, and
553:rattan
426:Baubau
395:(2023)
308:
285:Region
274:
210:Baubau
170:Baubau
32:Baubau
4088:Tegal
4043:Dumai
4020:Ambon
3938:Jambi
3859:Bogor
3847:Batam
3800:Depok
3794:Medan
3597:Buton
2985:(PDF)
2978:(PDF)
2239:(PDF)
2214:(PDF)
2160:(PDF)
2143:(PDF)
2037:(PDF)
2030:(PDF)
1880:(PDF)
1528:Notes
1498:Pelni
1487:Gojek
1388:Rajab
1289:Wolio
1269:Hindu
821:1.68
789:6.13
743:Post
707:Area
695:Kode
515:Johor
480:first
476:Bugis
438:Buton
371:UTC+8
18:Babau
4187:Bold
4154:Batu
4013:Palu
3627:Muna
3508:2024
3482:2024
3455:2024
3429:2024
3403:2024
3377:2024
3356:2024
3331:2024
3305:2024
3279:2024
3253:2024
3227:2024
3204:2024
3177:2024
3147:2024
3121:ISSN
3075:2024
3043:ISBN
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2960:2024
2934:2024
2908:2024
2882:2024
2855:2024
2833:2024
2803:ISSN
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2750:2024
2725:2024
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2675:2024
2649:2024
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2430:2024
2403:2024
2374:2024
2348:2024
2318:2024
2272:2024
2247:2021
2222:2023
2185:2021
2106:ISSN
2066:2024
2055:ISSN
2009:2024
1983:2024
1957:2024
1915:2024
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1806:ISSN
1763:ISBN
1742:2024
1712:ISSN
1664:2024
1653:ISSN
1611:2024
1586:2024
1575:ISSN
1500:and
1489:and
1160:and
566:1955
482:and
405:High
339:Area
180:and
43:City
3111:doi
2607:doi
2096:doi
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