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Battles for Bircza

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of the town, which meant that all the troops had already moved in. Chota 512 was ordered to fire at the bunkers and the courthouse. Meanwhile, the 510 chota was advancing on the bunkers. Advancing by leaps, it captured first the trenches in front of the bunkers and then the bunkers themselves, and set them on fire. Chota 512, advancing by leaps and bounds and partially crawling along the creek and ditches on both sides of the road, approached the MO post and church, and destroyed one bunker along with a mortar and HMG, and burned ten wooden houses.
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instead of going under the Orthodox church, went out to the Polish defense position on Kamienna Hill, while chotnias 516 (commander "Sahajdak") and 517 (commander "Buk") arbitrarily withdrew under fire into the forest. "Jar" ordered the 518 chota to retreat to its starting position, and himself returned to bring both subunits back. Chota 518 finally succeeded in forcing its way into the town near the old Orthodox church and broke through up the hill to the Old Cemetery, where it joined up with the chotas led by "Jar."
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above in the direction of Valkova Mountain, ordered the retreat of his troops south into the forest toward Lomna. The retreat was conducted under HMG and mortar fire from Walkowa Mountain. Attempts were also made to cut off the unit's retreat south toward Wola Korzeniecka and Lomna, and destroy it in the open. The pursuit lasted for a distance of 3 kilometers, but the unit managed to reach the forest and, on the border of the forest, stopped the pursuit of a mounted WP company.
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operationally subordinated to the commander of the 9th ID. In addition, there was an MO company and a KBW company in Bircza. Bircza was shelled with mortar and machine gun fire. After a five-hour battle, at around 3:00 a.m., the UPA retreated. The attack was a sham; in reality, the UPA's aim was to burn the villages around Bircza: Stara Bircza, Rudawka, Boguszowka, Korzeńec, Lomna and Huta Brzuska, a task that was accomplished.
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stretched, when the leading subunit was already reaching Bircza, the last chota was still at Nowa Wieś. "Konyk", along with the leading squad, stopped 300 meters from Bircza and waited for the commanders of the other subunits. At that moment, shots were heard in the section attacked by "Jara." "Konyk" gave the order to attack to the left, running.
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commanded by Volodymyr Shchygielski, who was executed four years later in Rzeszow for the crimes of Ukrainian partisans. The second attack on Bircza resulted in an inconclusive outcome as the Ukrainian Insurgent Army failed to fully overrun the Polish garrison despite sustained shelling and retreated without achieving their objectives.
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battalion commander Capt. Piotr Skakun, company commander Lt. Jan Wróblewski and adjutant to the regimental commander Lt. Michal Jaskulski, and 9 NCOs. Lost were: 14 horses, 3 carts, a radio station and 10 km of telephone cable. UPA losses amounted to 4 killed (including "Baron") and 9 wounded (including "Hromenko").
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armbands on their left sleeves to deceive their enemies. The main attack was directed at the area where the regiment's headquarters were located, and in this direction a sizable group managed to penetrate into the center of the village. A hand-to-hand fight ensued. After a two-and-a-half-hour battle, the UPA withdrew.
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among others, was wounded in the battle). The same report estimates Polish losses at 70 killed and an unknown number of wounded. However, the course of events (attack on exposed terrain) indicates that these figures were treated as propaganda. Much closer to the truth are the figures given by Polish sources.
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According to a Ukrainian report, 23 members of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army were killed in the battle (including "Konyk" and "Orski," some of the Banderites were wounded, they were killed the next morning), and 22 were wounded, including two seriously (they were taken to forest hospitals, Yuri Boreć,
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Czota 510 tried to locate the sources of the shelling, firing once from the left and once from the right wing. The other half of the unit then located Polish fortifications, and tried to destroy them. Chota 512 was doing the same. By this time, fire was seen and losses were heard on the opposite side
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Between the buildings of the suburbs, only the tyral of chota 504 "Pavlenko", at which "Konyk" and "Orśkyj" were located, managed to penetrate. Chots 504 and 505 of "Bartel" and "Chaika", which were further away, were late in their assault, having already entered the area lit by the burning building,
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The main attack of the U-2 sotnia was led personally by "Konyk" from the direction of Novaya Ves. The assault was supposed to begin at 2 a.m., but due to the rough road it started at 2:45 a.m. The units marched in the following order: chota 504, 506, SB militia and chota 505. The column was very
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The eastern group, that is, sotnia U-4 ("Burlaki") and U-7 ("Lastivki"), under the overall command of "Burlaki" were to lead the attack from the southeast (U-4) and northeast (U-7), with the aim of tying up the defenders with fire and diverting their attention from the north and southwest directions,
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In order to prevent relief from Przemyśl, the road was blocked with felled telephone poles and trees. Notified by radio of the attack, the commander of the 9th DP immediately sent an emergency subdivision from Przemyśl to help, in the strength of one infantry company (about 100 soldiers) on 4 trucks,
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Simultaneously with the attack on Bircza, another large UPA unit, in which the "Hromenko" sotnias, the SKW "Baron" militia and the SB "Pieti" militia were recognized, with a strength of about 300-400 men under the command of "Hromenko," launched an attack on Kuzmin, 10 km southwest of Bircza, to
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At about 7 a.m. the unit withdrew to its starting positions and, with its left wing, made contact with the U-4 sotnia of "Burlak," operating on the section from the bridge, on the Przemyśl highway - chota 512, the leader of "Wańka" in the direction of Wola Korzeniecka chota 510. Burlak did not allow
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The core of the Ukrainian forces consisted of the "Rena", "Yara" and "Dry" units, as well as other unrecognized ones, belonging organizationally to the raiding "Podkarpacie" kuren under the command of "Prut". In addition, several nearby SKWs took part in the attack. The attackers wore white armbands
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The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) launched its first attack on Bircza on October 22, 1945, at 11:30 p.m. It was initiated by a small subdivision - a 30-man chota dressed in Polish uniforms. It marched in compact formation along the road from the direction of Przemyśl, thus confusing observers,
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In addition, Bircza was home to a group of demobilized soldiers from the division's units, since here they were assigned a rallying point from which they were to depart on October 23–24 for Przemyśl. Some of the demobilized no longer had weapons, but some managed to get to the outposts and take part
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During the first period of the Polish garrison (from August 1944) there were no elaborate defenses in Bircza. In the course of time, the soldiers of various battalions prepared individual sections of the defense according to their needs, digging trenches with covered shelters and connecting ditches.
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When Burlaka noticed that the firing on the western side had fallen silent and the Poles had redeployed their forces toward him, he ordered a retreat. Securing his left flank, the chota - the "Zaliznyy" commander - deployed south of the manor was left alone, encircled by the counterattack described
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Kuzmin's own losses were more severe. Most of the village was burned, the buildings in the area of the post office survived. 10 soldiers were killed; 1 officer - commander of the 3rd mortar company, Lt. Jan Pietroś - 4 non-commissioned officers and 5 privates. 23 soldiers were wounded: 3 officers -
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The group advancing along the road from Przemyśl, despite suffering losses, broke into Bircza, killing soldiers and civilian residents they encountered along the way. The main attack was directed by the U.S. Army at the building housing the command and the area of the Orthodox church. Communication
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The defense was divided into three company areas, reinforced by CKM platoons. During the night the whole battalion remained at its posts. During the day, only observation was carried out, so the soldiers took turns resting and some of the subunit's personnel mostly operated in the surrounding area.
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Chots 505 and 506 were unable to withstand the shelling and abandoned their positions, retreating toward Nowa Wieś at 5 a.m. Chot 504 left the battlefield at 6:30 a.m. The report makes no mention at all of the SB unit conducting combat. Presumably, it acted as gendarmerie, or was intended for
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Even before the U-4 unit took up positions, shots rang out on the right wing, in the direction of the U-7 sotnia's march, which alerted the Polish defense. The Poles took up positions in bunkers near the palace, the MO post, and a brick church surrounded by a stone wall, and a nearby brick school,
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The Polish counterattack pushed the chotts into the defenders' abandoned trenches south of the city, from which they were finally driven out at 6 o'clock, i.e., 15 minutes after the "Orski" sotnia's attack was liquidated. This made it possible for the defenders to go out to Valkova Mountain and to
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The 511 squad was to create a barrage on the road south of Bircza, thus protecting the rear of the attacking Chots 510 and 512. The 510 squad took up a position on the escarpment east of the palace (50 m from the Polish bunkers), and the 512 squad took up a position in the Stupnica River, near the
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The top command and the 2nd and 3rd battalions of the 28th IR were stationed in Bircza at the time. A collecting battalion from the 17th IR (subordinated to the commander of the 28th IR) was stationed there, as well as a divisional reconnaissance company, which operated during the day in the field
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The Polish UPA reconnaissance estimated the Polish forces at 960 LWP infantry soldiers (it was a reinforced 2nd battalion of the 26th pp), in addition to about 140 militiamen in Bircza, and two trucks of NKVD troops, arriving the previous day. A mounted maneuvering group of about 100 soldiers was
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The western group operated with two subdivisions, independently of each other - from the southwest U-6 ("Jara"), and from the northwest U-2 under the command of "Orski." There was also a position of the commander-in-chief "Konyk" at U-2. The western group also included a detachment of the Bezpeky
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Polish losses amounted to 9 dead soldiers, including one officer, Capt. Witold Hryniewicz - assistant chief of staff of the 28th IR - and 5 wounded. In addition, 11 civilians were killed. 10 residential buildings, a people's house, an army barracks and a sawmill were burned. In addition, up to 30
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However, an exhumation undertaken in 1999 showed that there were 28 skeletons at the site indicated as the burial place of UPA members. The condition of some of the skeletons indicated that some of those wounded in the battle had been beaten to death, or killed by a shot to the head from a short
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As a result, during the second assault on Bircza, three Polish soldiers were killed and six taken prisoner were quickly released. Ukrainian losses are not fully known. According to Ginalski and Wysokinski, there were eight dead; the UPA reports several wounded, one of whom died. The UPA unit was
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casualties and damage, they were unable to fully capture their objectives or decisively defeat the Polish garrison. Despite the attackers breaking into Bircza and engaging in combat for several hours, the Polish regiment's headquarters remained uncaptured, and the UPA forces eventually withdrew.
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As a result of the fighting for Bircza and Kuzmin, a subdivision of the 40th pal was transferred to Bircza, and the communications and cooperation system was improved. The first attack on Bircza ended inconclusively, while the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) managed to penetrate the town, causing
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Without any coordination with the previous strike, the U-6 squadron developed its attack from the side of the forest on the hill rising on the left side of the stream that flowed into Stupnica behind the new Orthodox church. Chota 518 - commander probably "Sukatyj", operating on the left wing,
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The third assault on Bircza resulted in a Polish success. Despite a determined assault by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), the Polish defenders successfully repelled the attack, inflicting significant casualties on the UPA forces and maintaining control of key installations in the city. In
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The 30th IR was stationed there at the time, and one platoon of the 28th IR, commanded by Lt. Karol Romanowski, who had been sent earlier to that village to pick up a contingent, was deployed on the edge of that village, in the area of the post office. Most of the Ukrainian insurgents wore MO
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The weakness of the defense was that it was easy to see the system of firing points and the number of soldiers from the neighboring hills. Bircza also had a civilian population (both residents and refugees from neighboring villages), which Ukrainian intelligence presumably used to recruit its
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The Ukrainian Insurgent Army launched its second attack on Bircza at 22:00 on November 29, on a bright moonlit night, supported by mortar fire. The size of the Ukrainian forces could not be determined. At the time, the garrison of Bircza consisted of a collecting battalion of the 17th ID,
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As a result of the victory for Poland in the Third attack, the UPA offensive ended in failure and the main tasks of the UPA failed. Tomasz Kolanek describes the Polish victory in Bircza as "uncomfortable ", due to the UPA's massacres on Poles continuing. It took the
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The author of the attack plan was Lieutenant Mykhailo Galo "Konyk." The purpose of the attack was to destroy the People's Polish Army garrison quartered in the city, destroy the Civic Militia post, the office of the displacement committee, and burn down the city.
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and suffered heavy losses. The first building had not yet burned down when the next one caught fire. Subdivisions 505 and 506 were well lit, and attacked the brick building of the district office, located on a high slope, so they suffered heavy losses.
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the "Lastivka" sotnia to leave the battlefield so as not to expose his right wing. This is how both sotnias persevered in their positions until 8 o'clock, despite the fact that no more shots could be heard on the opposite side of the town.
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and managed to approach close to the military outpost. Stopped by the soldiers and summoned to give the password, the U.S. Army suddenly opened fire. At the same time, they fired white rockets, a signal to attack the Bircza garrison.
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with the outposts of the defending soldiers was broken. The fighting inside the town lasted 4 hours. The regiment's headquarters was not captured, but more than a dozen buildings were burned.
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from where the main attack was to come. In addition, the U-4 sotnia was to capture the bunkers near the palace and destroy the palace itself, the Citizen's Militia post and nearby houses.
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Polish sources state that the UPA suffered losses of 140 killed and 12 taken prisoner, while on the Polish side there were (according to Ginalski and Wysokinski) only 9 wounded.
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distance. It was found that in addition to 23 UPA members, the grave contained the bodies of 5 civilians previously imprisoned in the local jail, were killed the next morning.
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Report on archaeological and exhumation work of Prof. Andrzej Kola of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, and protocols of exhumation of remains No. PCK-1/99 to PCK-28/99.
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The access roads to Bircza were controlled and blocked by military posts. The buildings were not particularly fortified, nor were wire entanglements or minefields used.
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The attack was set for 2 a.m. Eastern Christmas Eve. However, as a result of various obstacles, it began in the various sections not at the same time - around 3:00 am.
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During the battle, negligence was observed on the Polish side in terms of insurance, command, training and tactics. The collecting battalion of the 17th
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In addition, another building on the road to Nowa Wieś caught fire, and again illuminated the attack area, making it easier for the Polish to fire.
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In the center of the town, on the market square, artillery and mortars were placed in dug-in positions to support the defensive lines with fire.
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Service (in chota strength). The units of the western group, overcoming the expected Polish resistance, were to join in the center of Bircza.
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soldiers were taken prisoner; after propaganda talks they were released. On the UPA side, several partisans were killed.
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addition, the UPA forces suffered heavy casualties, including the deaths of Mykhailo Galyo and Dmytro Karvanskyi.
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Monument to the fallen soldiers of the LWP, KBW, functionaries of MO, ORMO and UBP at the town square in
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and came to this village for night rest. The garrison was commanded by Lt. Col. Aleksander Wygnański.
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and began illuminating the foreground with rockets and searchlights, and massed shelling.
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fire mortar rounds at the subunits of the "Burlaki" grouping, which was still fighting.
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also stationed in Bircza, but in the evening it left for action in Dobra Szlachecka.
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DP did not present a high combat value, primarily due to poor combat training.
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Dziewiąta Drezdeńska: z dziejów 9 Drezdeńskiej Dywizji Piechoty, 1944-1947
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but due to the blockage of the road the unit did not reach the place.
1049:(in Polish). Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. p. 309. 858:
more than a year to liquidate the UPA on post-war Polish territory.
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were a series of Ukrainian Insurgent Army attacks on the town of
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The cure was divided into two groups - eastern and western.
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Collection on Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Ukraine
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Warsaw: RYTM. p. 328. 718: 1078: 1100: 1014: 981:"70. rocznica III ataku UPA na Birczę" 893: 825:police operations inside the village. 959: 299:Polish–Ukrainian conflict (1939–1947) 269: 975: 973: 971: 874: 1128:Aftermath of World War II in Poland 683:stop a possible relief for Bircza. 252:See Casualties of the Second Attack 13: 910:"Ofiary nacjonalistów ukraińskich" 608:Assasination of Karol Świerczewski 258:See Casualties of the Third Attack 246:See Casualties of the First Attack 55:October 21, 1945 — January 7, 1946 14: 1144: 968: 949:(in Polish). Ministry of Defense. 707: 215: 198: 182: 173: 164: 151: 138: 129: 106: 94: 28:Polish-Ukrainian ethnic conflict 1079:Kolanek, Tadeusz (2021-01-07). 1072: 1063: 1036: 1020:Ukraińska partyzantka 1942–1960 932:"UPA znów bierze Birczę na cel" 829:Casualties of the Third Attack 743: 735:Casualties of the Second Attack 665: 1008: 987: 953: 938: 934:(in Polish). 29 November 2022. 924: 902: 887: 868: 691:Casualties of the First Attack 1: 945:Ginalski; Wysokiński (1984). 779: 637:An armed clashes in 1945–1946 861: 848: 7: 748: 113:People's Republic of Poland 10: 1149: 815: 640: 723:Polish Soldiers at Bircza 662:in repelling the attack. 307: 243: 238: 225: 118: 87: 47: 33: 25: 20: 1108:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 894:Ziętal, Norbert (2023). 856:Polish People's Republic 373:Huta Stepańska and Wyrka 204:Dmytro Karvanskyi   101:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 69:Polish People's Republic 768:bridge west of Bircza. 675:on their left sleeves. 724: 341:Bielin and Spaszczyzna 170:Volodymyr Shchygelskyi 157:Volodymyr Shchygelskyi 119:Commanders and leaders 722: 507:Łasków and Szychowice 495:Hrubieszów revolution 239:Casualties and losses 188:Mykhailo Galyo   947:Dziewiąta Drezdeńska 566:Ulhówek and Rzeczyca 221:Aleksander Wygnański 383:Jagodzin and Rymacz 336:Antonówka Szepelska 179:Hryhoriy Yankivskyi 983:(in Polish). 2016. 960:Potichnyi, Peter. 725: 628:battles for Bircza 21:Battles for Bircza 1056:978-83-11-06953-4 621: 620: 613:Operation Vistula 264: 263: 83: 82: 1140: 1092: 1091: 1089: 1088: 1076: 1070: 1067: 1061: 1060: 1040: 1034: 1033: 1016:Motyka, Grzegorz 1012: 1006: 1005: 1003: 1002: 991: 985: 984: 977: 966: 965: 957: 951: 950: 942: 936: 935: 928: 922: 921: 920:on 2 April 2009. 916:. 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Box 79. 862:Citations 849:Aftermath 588:Pawłokoma 576:Mrzygłody 551:Prehoryłe 525:1944-1947 449:Stachówka 420:Rożyszcze 415:Przebraże 378:Gruszówka 356:Huta Nowa 351:Derdekały 324:Antonówka 1018:(2006). 749:Planning 571:Szołomyń 556:Zabłocie 546:Mieniany 512:Smoligów 469:Hanaczów 464:Zaturców 388:Kupiczów 226:Strength 60:Location 26:Part of 816:Retreat 641:Prelude 459:Zasmyki 346:Dąbrowa 234:Unknown 231:Unknown 208:† 192:† 1053:  1026:  632:Bircza 603:Bircza 593:Kryłów 541:Małków 502:Sahryń 432:Rybcza 405:Ostróg 76:Result 65:Bircza 42:Bircza 583:] 561:Narol 519:] 488:] 476:] 454:Vilya 439:] 427:] 395:] 368:] 331:] 1051:ISBN 1024:ISBN 626:The 400:Kuty 52:Date 634:. 1104:: 970:^ 912:. 879:. 581:pl 517:pl 486:pl 474:pl 437:pl 425:pl 393:pl 366:pl 329:pl 67:, 1090:. 1059:. 1032:. 1004:. 289:e 282:t 275:v

Index

Polish-Ukrainian ethnic conflict

Bircza
Bircza
Polish People's Republic
Ukrainian Insurgent Army
People's Republic of Poland


See Casualties of the First Attack
See Casualties of the Second Attack
See Casualties of the Third Attack
v
t
e
Polish–Ukrainian conflict (1939–1947)
Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
Andresówka
Antonówka
pl
Antonówka Szepelska
Bielin and Spaszczyzna
Dąbrowa
Derdekały
Huta Nowa
Huta Stara
pl
Huta Stepańska and Wyrka
Gruszówka
Jagodzin and Rymacz

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