52:
279:
363:
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arrived in Croton after the battle and instituted an austere regime. Strabo attributes the decline of Croton to the heavy casualties it suffered during the battle. For Locri it was instead the start of a more and more aggressive policy towards neighbouring cities, subsequently leading to a rupture in
134:
was allied with Locri and sent a contingent to their aid. He gives 10,000 men as the size of their army, but it is not clear if this includes or excludes the
Rhegians. He provides a number of 130,000 for the army of Croton. Justin mentions a number of 15,000 Locrians versus 120,000 Crotoniates.
97:
The date of the battle is uncertain and proposals for it vary widely, ranging from the end of the seventh century BC to after 510 BC. Peter
Bicknell proposes a more specific date of either 580 or 576 BC, but most scholars date the battle to the middle of the sixth century BC. Some have
88:
were the cause instead. Because the foundation of
Caulonia was supported by Croton, the conflict between Locri and Croton developed. An explanation which incorporates both possibilities is that Locri attacked Caulonia while Croton was occupied with the siege of Siris.
135:
Because Justin makes no mention of the
Rhegians it is thought that they numbered 5,000 based on Strabo's numbers. The very large size of the Crotoniate army must have been a severe exaggeration. Justin and Strabo claim the news of the battle reached the
319:
200:
110:
and Locri dedicated as booty from the
Crotoniates". Bicknell thinks this inscription refers to a later conflict because Hipponium was acquired by Locri fairly late. He suggests a date of 500–480 BC for the trophy because Locri took
387:
684:
156:. There is evidence that a cult to the Dioscuri was present in Locri in the beginning of the fifth century BC, which probably began as a result of the battle.
373:
329:
289:
213:
495:
453:
335:
689:
32:. The battle took place along the Sagra river. This river cannot be precisely identified, but may be the present-day
694:
544:
297:
577:
Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane (1974). "The Votum of 477/6 B. C. and the
Foundation Legend of Locri Epizephyrii".
303:
615:
Wonder, John W. (2012). "The
Italiote League: South Italian Alliances of the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC".
679:
81:
41:
699:
439:
85:
471:
401:
397:
381:
345:
313:
443:
112:
73:
84:. It has been suggested that Justin was wrong and that strained relations between Locri and
80:
Croton attacked Locri afterwards because the latter had sent aid to Siris when it was under
8:
51:
184:
647:
594:
531:
463:
77:
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467:
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116:
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from Croton around this time. In advance of the battle Locri requested help from
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590:
673:
628:
205:
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103:
485:
136:
559:
535:
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65:
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Bicknell, Peter (1966). "The Date of the Battle of the Sagra River".
102:
to be related to the battle. The inscription reads: "the citizens of
527:
490:. Vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
448:. Vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
120:
153:
131:
69:
33:
29:
481:
407:
255:
127:
119:, but the Spartans replied that they should seek help from the
37:
608:
L'enigma delle arti asittite nella
Calabria ultra-mediterranea
107:
45:
25:
21:
185:"Caulonia 2000 - la Guida Turistica - Natura - Fiume Allaro"
55:
Aerial view of possible site of battle, showing Sagra river
267:
243:
231:
219:
123:, who according to legend helped them defeat Croton.
351:
98:
considered the inscriptions on a bronze trophy from
473:
Epitome of the
Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus
20:was fought in the 6th century BC between the Greek
646:
165:
671:
644:
576:
434:
413:
293:
685:Battles involving city-states of Magna Graecia
610:(in Italian). Reggio Calabria: Iiriti Editore.
197:"Il parco delle Serre" by Francesco Bevilacqua
513:
273:
249:
237:
225:
50:
605:
171:
672:
614:
542:
480:
462:
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377:
369:
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341:
325:
309:
285:
261:
209:
649:La Calabria in età arcaica e classica
72:and Croton had besieged and captured
657:
506:
645:De Sensi Sestito, Giovanna (1984).
13:
637:
552:Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies
427:
14:
711:
545:"Casualties in Hoplite Battles"
191:
177:
1:
159:
59:
484:(1924). Jones, H. L. (ed.).
142:
7:
660:Medma e i greci d'Occidente
264:, p. 139, footnote 52.
42:Province of Reggio Calabria
10:
716:
558:(1): 13–20. Archived from
422:
64:A coalition of the cities
591:10.1017/s0009838800032729
92:
690:6th-century BC conflicts
629:10.1525/CA.2012.31.1.128
476:. London: Henry G. Bohn.
695:6th century BC in Italy
579:The Classical Quarterly
543:Krentz, Peter (1985).
56:
606:Spatari, Nik (2002).
414:Sourvinou-Inwood 1974
294:Diodorus Siculus 1939
54:
658:Muratore, Vincenzo.
147:In Justin's account
680:History of Calabria
617:Classical Antiquity
18:Battle of the Sagra
468:Watson, John Selby
445:Library of History
276:, p. 299–300.
152:its alliance with
57:
700:Castor and Pollux
507:Secondary sources
497:978-0-674-99201-6
455:978-0-674-99375-4
139:in a single day.
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440:Oldfather, C. H.
436:Diodorus Siculus
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638:Further reading
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76:. According to
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26:Locri Epizefiri
12:
11:
5:
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682:
665:
664:
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623:(1): 128–151.
612:
603:
585:(2): 186–198.
574:
540:
522:(4): 294–301.
510:
508:
505:
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496:
478:
460:
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431:
429:
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424:
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419:
418:
416:, p. 190.
406:
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362:
350:
334:
318:
302:
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254:
252:, p. 296.
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240:, p. 294.
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228:, p. 300.
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2:
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662:(in Italian).
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653:(in Italian).
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565:on 2014-02-01
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360:, p. 14.
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348:, footnote 1.
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274:Bicknell 1966
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238:Bicknell 1966
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126:According to
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567:. Retrieved
560:the original
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172:Spatari 2002
167:
146:
125:
96:
63:
17:
15:
394:Strabo 1924
378:Strabo 1924
370:Justin 1853
358:Krentz 1985
342:Strabo 1924
326:Justin 1853
310:Strabo 1924
286:Justin 1853
262:Wonder 2012
210:Justin 1853
137:Peloponnese
44:, southern
674:Categories
569:2014-01-28
160:References
149:Pythagoras
66:Metapontum
60:Background
487:Geography
143:Aftermath
130:the city
104:Hipponium
40:, in the
466:(1853).
438:(1939).
121:Dioscuri
86:Caulonia
536:1087054
516:Phoenix
470:(ed.).
442:(ed.).
423:Sources
154:Rhegion
132:Rhegion
100:Olympia
70:Sybaris
36:or the
34:Torbido
599:638480
597:
534:
494:
482:Strabo
464:Justin
452:
402:6.1.12
398:6.1.10
382:6.1.10
346:6.1.10
314:6.1.10
298:8.32.1
290:20.2–3
128:Strabo
117:Sparta
113:Temesa
93:Battle
78:Justin
38:Allaro
30:Croton
22:cities
595:JSTOR
563:(PDF)
548:(PDF)
532:JSTOR
108:Medma
82:siege
74:Siris
46:Italy
492:ISBN
450:ISBN
374:20.3
330:20.3
214:20.2
106:and
28:and
16:The
625:doi
587:doi
524:doi
24:of
676::
621:31
619:.
593:.
583:24
581:.
556:26
554:.
550:.
530:.
520:20
518:.
400:,
396:,
380:,
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372:,
344:,
328:,
312:,
296:,
292:;
288:,
212:,
202:^
68:,
48:.
631:.
627::
601:.
589::
572:.
538:.
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458:.
404:.
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332:.
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174:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
