1126:
However, the
Russian frigate squadron commanded by Crown was deployed expressly to blockade the shallower route which forced the light Swedish gun sloops, gun yawls and galleys to head to more open waters where the waves and winds rendered the Swedish archipelago fleet almost totally incapable of fighting. Noticing that the Swedes sailed further out and the problems that it had caused, Crown set after them and forced several of the Swedish ships to strike their colors as he threatened to run over the small Swedish ships struggling in the open sea. Crown's squadron very nearly captured Gustaf III but were turned away almost on the last seconds by the orders from Chichagov to start pursuit of the Swedish battlefleet just as Crown's frigate was about to capture the ship where Gustaf III was. As the Russians had only sent few prize crews in their hurry to force Swedish ships to surrender, most of the Swedish ships which had surrendered raised their flags again or overpowered the prize crews and rejoined the Swedish archipelago fleet once the frigate squadron had been ordered to leave.
1114:
1033:
1673:
990:
Russian ships. By the time the main body of the
Swedish fleets arrived to the blockade, the Russian ships posed no longer any danger to the Swedes. At least one of the Russian vessels had substantial damage during the battle. Russian frigate squadron west of the Povalishin's ships was too far out with their visibility obscured by gunpowder smoke to prevent the Swedish ships from breaching the blockade. Near total inactivity of the main body of the Russian fleet of Admiral Chichagov aided the Swedes.
179:
168:
157:
126:
220:
209:
198:
138:
44:
1330:
893:
1059:, with all three ships exploding in an enormous channel-covering cascade of debris and smoke. The explosion severely damaged or destroyed ships within or trying to get through the blockade. The Russian ship groups blocking the Swedish fleets were disrupted by passing Swedish ships. ‘'Rättvisan’’ and ‘'Sofia Magdalina’’ were captured.
868:
Meanwhile, on 18 June, an assault on the
Russian galley fleet at Trångsund (Vysotsk, Uuras in Finnish), ordered by Gustav III of Sweden and started two days earlier, failed due to lack of support of its center force and returned. Shortages of food and water prompted Gustav III of Sweden to act. On 19
1125:
The two
Swedish fleets followed separate routes from the bay. The battlefleet accompanied by most of the heavier elements of the archipelago fleet (such as the archipelago frigates) sailed to the open sea while the rest of the archipelago fleet followed the much shallower route closer to the land.
989:
While the blockading
Russian ships opened fire on the Swedish vanguard, the damage caused by the Russian ships was relatively small and the large vanguard ships remained fully capable of action. Swedish fire when sailing past the blockading Russian ships however caused damage to several of the
973:
further west, nearer the shoreline. Immediately prior to the engagement, Gustav III transferred onto a smaller sloop. Puke ordered all non-essential personnel below decks and, moments later, the
Swedish navy engaged the Russian blockade, splitting between the
188:
934:, led a line of ships and the Swedish naval fleet away from the bay, through the western channel, around the Salvors shallows into the middle of the channel between the shallows and Krysserort, and towards the first Russian ships of the line, the
1021:("Rarely Worse"), the remaining archipelago frigates, Malmberg's and Hjelmstierna's coastal squadrons, and Colonel Jacob Tönningen's assigned gun sloops and gun tenders, passed the first Russian set of ships, then engaged the second. The
837:
in the narrow eastern channel. In the dangerously shallow western channel between
Krysserort and Repiegrund sat a set of five chain-linked ships of the line; a group of five frigates (three led by Rear Admiral
719:
were nearly as light as the day and, to King Gustav's consternation, unfavourable southwesterly winds prevented the combined
Swedish fleets of some 400 vessels from sailing southeast to Swedish-controlled
880:
Then on 2 July, the wind shifted to the north, favorably for the
Swedish supreme command at Vyborg Bay, which met in session, and a Swedish reconnaissance force apprehended a Russian unit in the
464:
1256:
2064:
807:
to arrive from
Kronstadt with the Russian galley fleet. This blockade consisted of a primary force of 50 ships (with 2,718 guns and 21,000 men), and a secondary force of 20
1110:("Yaroslavets," captured in 1788 from Russia), both at the Passaloda shallows. The Russians lost only 117 killed and 164 wounded, not a single ship was lost to enemy fire.
763:
457:
851:
450:
1493: : / А. А. Потехин // Восьмеричный путь — Германцы. — М. : Большая российская энциклопедия, 2006. — С. 106. — (
920:
183:
1079:
672:". The battle ranks among the world's largest historical naval battles and also among the most influential, as it introduced the naval battle concept of "
1062:
The Swedish navy lost a total of eight ships (seven running aground in the heavy smoke from the explosion): four grounded ships of the line - the 64-gun
533:
1187:
1213:
The Swedish battlefleet retired to Sveaborg for repairs while the Swedish archipelago fleet made for a strong defensive position at Svensksund, near
1051:, set his ship on fire too early. He then, under alcoholic intoxication, committed a series of errors which caused the fireship to drift towards the
782:
727:
King Gustav ordered a two-part Swedish naval force of 400 ships (with 3,000 guns and 30,000 sailor and soldiers) to anchor temporarily between the
830:
862:
1792:
1769:
1574:
Sozaev E., Tredrea J. Russian Warships in the Age of Sail 1696-1860: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. 2010. P. 67
1202:, for repairs. Chichagov was late in pursuing the Swedish navy, but pursued them to Sveaborg. The next day, Captain Crown captured the 62-gun
736:
2020:
1347:
732:
1025:
was subjected to heavy fire, but managed to pass through and score some hits on Russian commander Povalishin's ship and on the bomb ship
1394:
969:("The Unity"), and three fire barges, used to set fire to enemy ships. Meanwhile, the flotilla protected the naval fleet, on a parallel
1366:
1963:
Lars Ericson, Martin Hårdstedt, Per Iko, Ingvar Sjöblom, Gunnar Åselius, Svenska slagfält, Wahlström & Widstrand, Värnamo 2004 (
869:
June, he instructed admiral Nordenskiöld to formulate a plan for the breakout for when the winds changed, one which would include a
2074:
1083:
1277:
40,000 on board including the ~22,000-strong landing party from archipelago vessels, but only 14,000 of them fought in the battle.
2084:
1373:
1169:
were captured by the Russians while the Swedish were trying to avoid Russian frigate squadron blocking the coastal sea route.
926:
Just prior to 07:00 that morning, Gustav III of Sweden spoke with then captain Johan Puke of the 64-gun ship of the line, the
553:
1816:
1744:
1380:
900:
On 21 June, Prince Nassau-Siegen attacked the Swedes at Björkö Sound with 89 ships. Then, at nightfall on 3 July (22 June
1994:
1921:
1901:
1465:
1259:'s 8 rowing frigates failed to arrive in time. In total, Chichagov had 12 frigates in Vyborg Bay (excluding Kozlyaninov).
283:
1362:
1141:. These ships were all run aground at the Pensar islet, close to the second set of Russian ships and the Russian ship
1968:
1881:
1858:
1835:
1716:
1694:
1544:Выборгское морское сражение // Sytin Military Encyclopedia. Vol. 7: "Воинская честь — Гимнастика военная", pp. 99—101
1413:
639:
474:
1687:
35:
1351:
804:
493:
1003:
survived with no damage. Further west, the galley fleet line of ships consisting sequentially of the frigates
861:(Pensarholmarna) and the shoreline, and another group of five ships (including two frigates) further west at
942:
which were part of the Russian Admiral Povalishin's squadron deployed to block the channel leading to west.
747:. This strategic position placed the Swedish navy within striking distance of the Russian imperial capital,
1592:Шопотов К. А. Выборгское морское сражение (к 210-летию) // Страницы Выборгской истории. Т. I. 2000. С. 158
1183:
The Swedish navy and archipelago fleets managed to escape the Russian blockade, albeit with heavy losses.
1218:
528:
20:
904:), Gustav III of Sweden ordered the breakout to commence from Krysserort at 10:00 on the following day.
2069:
2059:
1494:
1387:
881:
588:
523:
1681:
1040:
As the majority of both Swedish fleets passed through the blockade, Ensign Sandel, commanding the
704:
at the beginning of June also failed and the Swedish high seas fleet and the "archipelago fleet" (
2079:
1340:
1113:
716:
1698:
1099:
1067:
767:
563:
213:
724:
waters. This allowed the Russian sailing battlefleet and coastal galley fleet to join forces.
518:
503:
803:
in and out of Viborg Bay and locked the Swedish fleet in the bay while he waited for Prince
1178:
789:
598:
573:
543:
202:
1153:
was able get escape while others were forced to struck their colors. Additionally galleys
224:
8:
1032:
999:
970:
800:
697:
669:
578:
508:
1118:
1951:] (in Russian). Moscow: Военное издательство министерства вооруженных сил союза ССР
1847:
1786:
1763:
583:
548:
513:
498:
310:
88:
919:, led by Lieutenant Colonel Jacob Törning, attacked a Russian naval unit just west of
538:
1964:
1877:
1854:
1831:
1812:
1740:
912:
877:
with an actual breakout at Krysserort, and one which the king would lead personally.
834:
823:
488:
302:
142:
1186:
The Swedish warships that survived the breakout headed into open seas, assembled at
1286:
793:
755:
748:
662:
568:
240:
161:
1998:
930:("The Audacity"), which would lead the breakout. Moments later, Puke, aboard the
901:
744:
693:
558:
67:
52:
2002:
1312:
The number of ships of the line and frigates engaged in battle is not specified.
1217:. An impetuous Russian attack on the Swedish archipelago fleet on 9 July at the
1583:Леер Г. А. (ред.) Энциклопедия военных и морских наук. СПб. Т. II. 1885. С. 341
1221:
resulted in a disaster for the Russians, and both parties would sue for peace.
839:
685:
623:
442:
178:
172:
167:
156:
130:
125:
92:
2007:
1991:
1925:
1469:
646:
suffered heavy losses, losing seven ships of the line and three frigates, but
2053:
2035:
2022:
1905:
843:
827:
627:
332:
1942:
1210:(The Imperial Russian Navy would subsequently name other ships "Retvisan").
739:(Severny Berezovy in Russian, Piisaari in Finnish) just inside the mouth of
692:. But the plan foundered in a disastrous attack on the Russian fleet at the
847:
812:
797:
684:
In 1790, King Gustav III of Sweden revived his plan for a landing close to
655:
643:
619:
2012:
1055:, setting it on fire, and then to collide with the Swedish 40-gun frigate
993:
Once through the first group of ships, Gustav III of Sweden reboarded the
908:
870:
762:, various smaller ships, and 16,000 men, was led by flag-captain Admiral
43:
1507:
1490:
740:
709:
666:
647:
631:
84:
781:) of 14,000 sailors and army soldiers was led by flag-captain Colonel
1129:
The Swedish archipelago fleet lost four galleys to the shallows: the
819:
715:
The stage for the battle was set in the first week of June. Northern
701:
673:
1329:
982:. Gustav III of Sweden was rowed through the fire, but the flagship
665:. British historians would later call the Battle of Vyborg Bay the "
1497: : / гл. ред. Ю. С. Осипов ; 2004—2017, т. 6).
1195:
1191:
1094:) at the Pensar islets - and one shipwrecked ship of the line (the
1041:
774:
651:
1803:
Johnsson, Raoul (2011). Grönroos, Maria; Karttunen, Ilkka (eds.).
650:
eventually ensured a Swedish naval escape through a Russian naval
1268:
Up to 350 archipelago vessels, ~200 of which were used in combat.
1199:
759:
721:
659:
273:
255:
1206:("Justice" in old Swedish spelling) with the help of the 66-gun
818:
On Chichagov's orders, four sets of ships (each with a trailing
1070:, continued firing at the Russian frigates until the end), the
1036:
Battle of Vyborg Bay, as depicted in Nordischer Kriegsschauplaz
1013:
953:(with Gustav III of Sweden aboard) - in the line's center, the
855:
808:
771:
728:
689:
635:
395:
219:
208:
197:
137:
80:
892:
811:(led by Captain Slizov), 8 rowed archipelago frigates (led by
1214:
916:
874:
858:
1781:. The New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. IX. Cambridge.
770:, younger brother of King Gustav III of Sweden. The coastal
1634:
961:), the other ships of line, the navy frigates, the frigate
1876:] (in Finnish). Jyväskylä: K. J. Gummerus Osakeyhtiö.
1433:
1431:
1811:] (in Finnish). Helsinki: John Nurminen Foundation.
289:(number of cannon and men does not include rowing craft)
1622:
1510:
Terijoki.spb.ru (1993). Дата обращения: 6 декабря 2020.
1246:
24 ships of the line remained unused during the battle.
1610:
1428:
1922:"Vyborg and Rochensalm (The History of Russian Navy)"
1547:
1466:"Vyborg and Rochensalm (The History of Russian Navy)"
412:
2 additional ships of the line lost after the battle
1354:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2065:Naval battles of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
1846:
1047:("Postman"), towed by the 74-gun ship of the line
949:(with Prince Grand Admiral Duke Carl aboard), the
986:was hit and the Grand Admiral Duke Carl injured.
945:This line of ships consisted of the flagship the
785:, under personal charge of Gustav III of Sweden.
2051:
472:
16:Naval battle of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–90)
2013:The Swedish Map of the Vyborg Bay Battle 1790.
1600:
1598:
1190:just south of Pitkäpaasi, and then sailed to
1098:), although the king's British naval adviser
458:
1577:
826:to the Swedish force. The first set, led by
1899:
1849:War at Sea in the Age of the Sail 1650-1850
1595:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1791:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1768:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1237:The Swedish fleet withdrew from the battle
465:
451:
335:and soldiers including arch. landing party
1902:"The Swedish-Russian Sea Battles of 1790"
1893:A History of Russian and Soviet Sea Power
1717:Learn how and when to remove this message
1414:Learn how and when to remove this message
815:Kozlyaninov) and 52 other rowed galleys.
1890:
1802:
1753:
1730:
1680:This article includes a list of general
1640:
1628:
1586:
1559:
1437:
1112:
1102:was saved; three frigates including the
1031:
891:
1940:
1844:
1616:
1553:
2052:
1508:Выборгское сражение 21—23 июня 1790 г.
1941:Novikov, Nikolay Vasilyevich (1948).
1776:
1540:
1538:
1536:
957:("The Manliness", sister ship of the
446:
1949:Battle chronicle of the Russian navy
1739:] (in Russian). Moscow: Moskva.
1666:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1352:adding citations to reliable sources
1323:
1074:at the Salvors shallows, the 74-gun
1756:Naval Wars in the Baltic, 1522-1850
13:
1809:Gustaf III and the Great Naval War
1686:it lacks sufficient corresponding
907:At 02:00 on 4 July, Swedish units
14:
2096:
1985:
1513:
1443:
1293:; in Swedish literature known as
370:6 ships of the line out of action
214:Prince Karl, Duke of Södermanland
1825:
1671:
1652:
1363:"Battle of Vyborg Bay" 1790
1328:
997:. The king's personal ship, the
822:) were positioned east to west,
218:
207:
196:
177:
166:
155:
136:
124:
42:
2075:History of the Karelian Isthmus
1974:"Выборгское морское сражение".
1737:The history of the Russian Army
1646:
1495:Большая российская энциклопедия
1339:needs additional citations for
1306:
1280:
1271:
1262:
2085:Naval battles involving Sweden
1944:Боевая летопись русского флота
1500:
1484:
1255:8 large frigates near Vyborg.
1249:
1240:
1231:
965:, the 70-gun ship of the line
805:Charles Henry of Nassau-Siegen
754:The sailing battlefleet of 21
107:
1:
1830:(in Finnish). Keuruu: Otava.
1319:
735:(Ristiniemi in Finnish), and
679:
640:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
403:
1891:Mitchell, Donald W. (1974).
1867:
1805:Kustaa III ja suuri merisota
1604:
1172:
915:. At the same time, Swedish
7:
1845:Lambert, Andrew D. (1956).
1731:Егоршина, Петрова (2023).
1291:Выборгское морское сражение
1219:Second Battle of Svensksund
1117:Depiction of the battle by
896:Battle of Vyborg Bay (1790)
36:Russo-Swedish War (1788–90)
21:Battle of Vyborg Bay (1944)
10:
2101:
2008:The Swedish Navy 1788–1809
1900:Per Åkesson (April 2007).
1874:Sea protecting our country
1826:Jägerskiöld, Stig (1990).
1662:
1176:
1064:Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotta
260:8 large frigates in battle
18:
1290:
887:
700:on the Russian fleet off
654:composed of units of the
484:
339:
230:
148:
117:
58:
41:
33:
28:
19:For the 1944 battle, see
1992:From Hogland to Barezund
1868:Mattila, Tapani (1983).
1732:
1491:Выборгское сражение 1790
1297:, "the Viborg gauntlet".
1224:
923:, west of Björkö sound.
850:) further south between
764:Otto Henrik Nordenskiöld
354:not a single vessel lost
162:Admiral Vasily Chichagov
2003:History of Russian Navy
1754:Anderson, R.C. (1969).
1701:more precise citations.
796:blockaded the only two
768:Grand Admiral Duke Carl
422:7 – 9 ships of the line
1976:Military Encyclopedia:
1895:. New York: Maxmillan.
1122:
1068:Henrik Johan Nauckhoff
1037:
897:
846:-born Russian admiral
149:Commanders and leaders
1733:История русской армии
1116:
1066:(though her captain,
1035:
895:
852:Lilla Fiskarna island
554:Pardakoski–Kärnakoski
340:Casualties and losses
293:22 ships of the line
1777:Derry, T.K. (1965).
1348:improve this article
1179:Battle of Svensksund
882:Battle of Björkösund
833:, consisted of four
790:Russian Baltic Fleet
648:Gustav III of Sweden
612:Battle of Vyborg Bay
434:4,988 taken prisoner
428:250+ smaller vessels
329:3,000 naval cannons
203:Gustav III of Sweden
49:Battle of Vyborg Bay
29:Battle of Vyborg Bay
2032: /
1870:Meri maamme turvana
1295:Viborgska gatloppet
921:Vasikansaari Island
766:, under command of
388:5 ships of the line
184:Illarion Povalishin
1997:2011-11-29 at the
1653:Jägerskiöld (1990)
1643:, p. 286–287.
1123:
1080:Passaloda shallows
1038:
898:
708:) both retired to
630:on 3 July 1790 in
295:10 frigates
89:Vyborg Governorate
2070:History of Vyborg
2060:Conflicts in 1790
2036:60.583°N 28.517°E
1818:978-952-9745-31-9
1746:978-5-699-42397-2
1727:
1726:
1719:
1506:Грибовский В. Ю.
1424:
1423:
1416:
1398:
1086:, and the 64-gun
984:Konung Gustaf III
947:Konung Gustaf III
835:ships of the line
756:ships of the line
743:, Russia, in the
688:, this time near
634:off the coast of
607:
606:
475:Russo-Swedish War
441:
440:
241:ships of the line
225:Rudolf Cederström
143:Kingdom of Sweden
113:
112:
2092:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1928:on 14 April 2012
1924:. Archived from
1917:
1915:
1913:
1908:on 31 March 2019
1904:. Archived from
1896:
1887:
1864:
1852:
1841:
1822:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1782:
1773:
1767:
1759:
1750:
1722:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1697:this article by
1688:inline citations
1675:
1674:
1667:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1511:
1504:
1498:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1472:on 14 April 2012
1468:. Archived from
1462:
1441:
1435:
1419:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1356:
1332:
1324:
1313:
1310:
1298:
1292:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1159:Nordstjerneorden
1119:Herman af Sillén
1017:squadron ships,
794:Vasili Chichagov
779:Skärgårdsflottan
749:Saint Petersburg
706:skärgårdsflottan
676:over mobility".
663:Vasily Chichagov
616:Battle of Vyborg
479:
467:
460:
453:
444:
443:
417:Another estimate
405:
365:Another estimate
269:72 rowing craft
223:
222:
212:
211:
201:
200:
192:
182:
181:
171:
170:
160:
159:
141:
140:
129:
128:
104:Russian victory
79:Krysserort near
60:
59:
46:
26:
25:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2050:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2018:
1999:Wayback Machine
1988:
1954:
1952:
1931:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1884:
1861:
1838:
1819:
1799:
1784:
1783:
1761:
1760:
1747:
1734:
1723:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1693:Please help to
1692:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1641:Johnsson (2011)
1639:
1635:
1629:Johnsson (2011)
1627:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1514:
1505:
1501:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1444:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1357:
1355:
1345:
1333:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1181:
1175:
1143:Noli Me Tangere
1011:("North"), six
995:Seraphimerorden
951:Seraphimerorden
890:
842:and two led by
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1981:. 1911–1915.
1978:
1975:
1953:. Retrieved
1948:
1943:
1930:. Retrieved
1926:the original
1910:. Retrieved
1906:the original
1892:
1873:
1869:
1848:
1828:Ruotsinsalmi
1827:
1808:
1804:
1800:(in Finnish)
1778:
1755:
1736:
1713:
1707:October 2019
1704:
1685:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1617:Novikov 1948
1612:
1588:
1579:
1554:Novikov 1948
1549:
1502:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1470:the original
1410:
1401:
1391:
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1377:
1370:
1358:
1346:Please help
1341:verification
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1108:Jarrislawitz
1107:
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1100:Sidney Smith
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1063:
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1029:("Victor").
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1019:Sällan Värre
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932:Dristigheten
931:
928:Dristigheten
927:
925:
906:
899:
879:
867:
848:Robert Crown
817:
813:Vice-Admiral
787:
778:
753:
726:
717:white nights
714:
705:
683:
656:Baltic Fleet
644:Swedish Navy
620:naval battle
615:
611:
609:
593:
564:Fredrikshamn
544:Baltischport
529:Svensksund I
416:
413:
383:One estimate
382:
364:
361:
360:164 wounded
349:One estimate
348:
292:
118:Belligerents
103:
48:
34:Part of the
2039: /
1853:. Cassell.
1779:Scandinavia
1699:introducing
1257:Kozlyaninov
1135:Palmstierna
1131:Ehrenpreuss
1045:Postiljonen
980:Saint Peter
955:Manligheten
940:Saint Peter
871:distraction
638:during the
504:Porrassalmi
477:(1788–1790)
400:14 gunboats
245:6 in battle
187: [
2054:Categories
1932:27 October
1912:27 October
1682:references
1476:27 October
1374:newspapers
1320:References
863:Pitkäpaasi
824:broadsides
741:Viborg Bay
733:Krysserort
710:Vyborg Bay
680:Background
632:Vyborg Bay
594:Vyborg Bay
589:Björkösund
574:Savitaipal
431:7,000 dead
425:3 frigates
391:3 frigates
357:117 killed
319:14,000 men
307:22,000 men
287:21,000 men
85:Vyborg Bay
1955:25 August
1787:cite book
1764:cite book
1758:. London.
1173:Aftermath
1053:Enigheten
1049:Enigheten
1027:Pobeditel
1023:Styrbjörn
1005:Styrbjörn
967:Enigheten
913:batteries
909:bombarded
873:with gun
820:bomb ship
798:navigable
702:Kronstadt
674:firepower
670:Trafalgar
579:Kronstadt
519:Parkumäki
509:Uttismalm
409:5,000 men
373:1,000 men
276:in battle
108:aftermath
1995:Archived
1208:Izyaslav
1204:Retvisan
1196:Helsinki
1192:Sveaborg
1149:), only
1106:and the
1042:fireship
978:and the
801:channels
775:flotilla
760:frigates
737:Biskopsö
652:blockade
618:) was a
614:(or the
584:Uransari
549:Valkeala
514:Kaipiais
499:Kvistrum
274:gunboats
256:frigates
231:Strength
75:Location
66:3 July (
2027:28°31′E
2024:60°35′N
1695:improve
1663:Sources
1388:scholar
1287:Russian
1200:Finland
1167:Dalarne
1163:Ekeblad
1104:Uppland
1096:Auroras
1088:Ömheten
1078:at the
1072:Finland
1000:Amphion
844:British
809:galleys
729:islands
722:Finnish
660:Admiral
494:Kilduin
489:Hogland
396:galleys
331:40,000
1967:
1880:
1857:
1834:
1815:
1743:
1684:, but
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1198:, now
1151:Nerika
1139:Nerika
1137:, the
1133:, the
1121:(1907)
1084:Reipie
1057:Zemire
1014:Turuma
1009:Norden
976:Selsav
971:course
963:Zemire
936:Seslav
917:sloops
888:Battle
875:sloops
859:Islets
856:Pensar
854:, the
772:galley
690:Viborg
667:Baltic
642:. The
636:Vyborg
628:Sweden
624:Russia
569:Keltis
534:Kalmar
333:seamen
282:2,718
100:Result
93:Russia
81:Vyborg
1947:[
1872:[
1807:[
1735:[
1655:p.119
1607:p.208
1395:JSTOR
1381:books
1225:Notes
1215:Kotka
758:, 13
559:Reval
539:Elgsö
524:Öland
191:]
51:, by
1965:ISBN
1957:2023
1934:2011
1914:2011
1878:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1832:ISBN
1813:ISBN
1793:link
1770:link
1741:ISBN
1478:2011
1367:news
1165:and
1007:and
938:and
626:and
610:The
301:350
106:See
68:O.S.
63:Date
2001:in
1350:by
731:of
272:20
254:12
239:30
87:),
2056::
1971:).
1789:}}
1785:{{
1766:}}
1762:{{
1597:^
1561:^
1515:^
1445:^
1430:^
1289::
1161:,
1157:,
902:OS
884:.
865:.
751:.
712:.
404:c.
394:6
189:ru
91:,
1959:.
1936:.
1916:.
1886:.
1863:.
1840:.
1821:.
1795:)
1772:)
1749:.
1720:)
1714:(
1709:)
1705:(
1691:.
1480:.
1417:)
1411:(
1406:)
1402:(
1392:·
1385:·
1378:·
1371:·
1344:.
1145:(
1090:(
777:(
466:e
459:t
452:v
419::
385::
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309:(
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23:.
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