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first wife
Fatimah (daughter of the Sultan of Tunis) and Aysa (daughter of the noble Abu Yahya ibn Yaqub). Other kinfolk of Abu Hasan were taken captive, including his sister Umalfat, his son Abu Umar Tasufin, and his nephew Alí. Many notables were killed in the battle or the rout, such as Abu Tabit ibn Fath Allah, Abu Muyahid Gazi ibn al-Ka's, and Muhammad ben Yahya ben Abi Bakr, also the famous writer from Granada, Abdullah ben Salmun, and the popular imam Ibn al-Khatib.
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territory. When informed of their advance, Abu Hasan ordered the siege raised and his army took position on a hill between Tarifa and the sea. Yusuf I placed his army on an adjacent hill. On the 29th the
Christian army reached the Deer Hill (Hayar al-Ayyal), 8 km (5.0 mi) from Tarifa and barely 250 metres from the
2651:. At nine o'clock on the morning of 30 October 1340 they moved out of camp, leaving 2,000 raw militia to guard it. The strong Castilian vanguard was led by the Lara brothers, while the King himself rode in the main body. On the left were the missile troops from the Kingdom of León, led by Pedro Nuñez, and on the right
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had left the Jara crossing uncontested, but he deployed strong forces along the Salado. The
Castilian vanguard met serious resistance; de Lara was unable to cross the shallow river, but the King's natural sons Fernando and Fadrique led an 800-knight detachment towards the right and captured a small
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was formally established, with the help of Yusuf I. However the Sultan made a serious mistake: believing it would take many months for the
Castilians to rebuild a fleet, and in the hope of cutting down the enormous cost of maintaining his own fleet, Abu Hasan prematurely laid up most of his galleys
2598:; figures regarded as grossly inflated by the historian Joseph O'Callaghan. Another account put forth 53,000 knights and 600,000 infantry for the Moors. A third chronicler postulated 70,000 knights and 400,000 infantry for the Marinids and 7,000 knights and 700,000 infantry for Granada. Archbishop
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During the night, Alfonso XI had sent 1,000 horse and 4,000 foot troops to reinforce the Tarifa garrison, hoping to surprise the enemy rearguard during the battle; they had met only slight resistance by the 3,000 light cavalry covering the Salado and reached Tarifa without difficulty. However, the
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Abu Hasan's position was now a difficult one, not only because the troops besieging Tarifa depended on supplies from
Morocco, but also the Kingdom of Granada needed them, their forces having launched a series of limited attacks all along the frontier to hold the Castilians at bay. On 10 October, a
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Alfonso XI left
Seville on 15 October 1340 with a relief army, joining the King of Portugal the next day. They advanced to the line of the Guadalete River and there awaited further Castilian and Portuguese contingents. At last on 26 October the combined army, now 20,000-strong, crossed into enemy
2724:
The allied
Castilian and Portuguese pursuit against the Muslims was ruthless, ending at the Guadamecí River, 6 km from the battlefield, although many remained in the hills, sacking the Sultan's rich camp. Little mercy was shown here, and many of the Sultan's wives were killed, including his
2614:
The
Castilians mustered 8,000 knights and 12,000 infantry. The Portuguese brought 1,000 knights and Tarifa kept a garrison of 1,000 men, who took part in the battle. Alfonso sent 3,000 Castilian knights to help the 1,000 Portuguese knights attack Yusuf's 7,000 Granadan knights on the left. The
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asserted a strength of 40,000 knights and 400,000 infantry for the combined Muslim force. The lowest figure is provided by
Rodrigo Yánez's account, claiming that Abu Hasan deployed 60,000 men and that transporting the force across the Straits of Gibraltar took four months. Yánez's estimate is
2717:, grabbed his reins and prevented it. The timely arrival of the Castilian rearguard balanced the situation, and when the forces which had been sacking the Sultan's camp advanced down the hill and engaged the enemy from the rear, Abu Hasan's surrounded army broke and fled towards Algeciras.
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officer commanding the light cavalry informed Abu Hasan that not a single
Christian had managed to enter Tarifa during the night; whether he made his report in good faith, or in fear of admitting failure will never be known, but this misinformation had serious consequences the next day.
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for help in maintaining his survival. The policies of the Kingdom of Fez vis-à-vis the Iberian Peninsula had changed upon the ascension to power of Hasan in 1331. During his rule the Marinids achieved their largest territorial expansion in Africa. Hasan sent a
2755:. The war with Granada continued for ten more years during which Alfonso XI made a few small territorial gains from the western part of Granada. Most importantly, the town of Algeciras, a valuable bridgehead held by the Marinids was finally retaken after a
2708:
Alfonso now found himself dangerously isolated, with the right wing at some distance and the vanguard attacking the enemy camp. Abu Hasan ordered a general attack and the Castilian King himself was about to engage in hand-to-hand combat when the
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Meanwhile, the Portuguese military contingent had crossed the Río Salado, and when Pedro Nuñez reinforced them the whole Granada contingent broke and left the field. The battle took just three hours from 9 a.m. until noon.
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from the King of Granada was frustrated, however Castile had to settle for isolation of the citadel from the rest of Muslim territory when peace was agreed in 1350, after the death of Alfonso XI in his camp during the
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2578:. Between them and their adversaries was a 4,500m long valley crossed by the streams of La Jara and El Salado. With supplies running low, Alfonso XI decided to attack the next day.
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severe storm wrecked 12 Castilian galleys, and the same day the Sultan launched an all-out assault against Tarifa, which was barely repulsed with heavy losses on both sides.
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Abu Hasan crossed the Gibraltar straits on 14 August 1340, and all through the summer troops and supplies were ferried across to the Peninsula. On 22 September the siege of
3578:
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2607:, relying on an earlier text, also estimated 60,000 men as Abu Hasan's force. Granada had 7,000 knights and the Marinids may have mobilized up to 60,000 men. A Christian
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2527:, under Admiral Alfonso Jofre de Tenorio, in the straits. Al-Azafi surrounded and destroyed the Castilian fleet; Tenorio himself lost his life, 28 galleys and seven
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and 250 other ships concentrated at Ceuta under command of Muhammad ibn Ali al-Azafi. They landed an army at Gibraltar, and on 8 April 1340 44 Muslim galleys and 35
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with 3,000 knights finally smashed through the enemy line and crossed too, riding hard up the hill where Abu Hasan's camp was clearly visible. The forces hidden in
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2482:. Back in Magreb, Abu Hasan amassed his biggest army to undertake an invasion of Castile with the intention of undoing the previous century's Christian advances.
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The council of war decided that the Castilian King would attack the Sultan's main army, while the Portuguese host, reinforced by 3,000 Castilians, would engage
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also attacked the Sultan's camp at the same time, and the troops defending it (about 3,000 horse and 8,000 foot) withdrew, half of them fleeing towards
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galleys led by commander Micer Gil Bocanegra. With the addition of 27 ships hastily completed at Seville, the Christian fleets appeared in force in the
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bridge, pushing back the 2,500 cavalry defending it. Alfonso reinforced them with 1,500 more knights and the Salado was successfully crossed.
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2478:, which he did after less than two months. They then conducted a limited campaign to reunite these territories to the realm of
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in 1344. This siege attracted volunteers from all over Europe due to extensive publicity. An attempt to recapture
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Both Abu Hasan and Yusuf reached Algeciras; the Sultan took refuge at Gibraltar, and that same night crossed to
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and the other half joining the main struggle in the valley, where the Sultan's army was still largely intact.
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probably fought for the Emir of Granada at the battle. One Marinid prince fought on the Castilian side.
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Castilian infantry consisted of municipal militias, stationed in the middle, and soldiers from
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Meanwhile, Alfonso XI had sought the aid of the King of Aragón and of his father-in-law, King
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commissioned by King Afonso IV of Portugal to celebrate the country’s victory at this battle
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3269:(in Spanish). Granada: Patronato de la Alhambra: Instituto Hispano-Árabe de Cultura.
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with a cavalry corps. Reinforcing the Portuguese forces were the Military Orders of
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in early 1333. These set about helping the Granadan King to capture the Castilian
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in October, cutting off the supply routes between Morocco and the Peninsula.
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Sometimes cited in English as 'Battle of Salado', mirroring the Spanish
3227:
Las Grandes Batallas de la Reconquista durante las Invasiones Africanas
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The Marinids had suffered a decisive defeat and moved back to Africa.
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A Spanish contemporary chronicle estimated Abu Hasan's army at 40,000
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was now held by the Christians, specifically the Castilians and the
35:
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1585:
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Rubiera Mata, María Jesús; al Hasan Alī ibn Muhammad, Abū (1982).
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3003:
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2608:
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2493:. The Marinids had mobilised a vast army and, after crossing the
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and returned those of his allies, leaving only 12 at Algeciras.
2513:
During the winter of 1340, Abu Hasan gathered his fleet: 60 war
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Al Qantir: Monofrafías y documentos sobre la Historia de Tarifa
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The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait
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2846:
2844:
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2840:
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were captured and only 11 of his galleys managed to reach
2837:
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dismissed by O'Callaghan. The 17th century historian
2413:(30 October 1340) was a battle of the armies of King
3310:"El desarrollo de la batalla del Salado (año 1340)"
154:
Canvas of the battle by unknown 17th century author
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3262:
2550:. The latter sent a Portuguese naval fleet led by
2743:Never again was a Muslim army able to invade the
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2558:, and additionally paid for the services of 15
2639:and were located next to Afonso IV's knights.
2623:territories, who were armed and equipped with
343:
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2386:
329:
2521:met the Castilian fleet of 44 galleys and 7
2501:, proceeded inland to the Salado River near
3409:Festival de Cine Africano de Tarifa de 2011
3265:Ibn al-ŷayyāb, el otro poeta de la Alhambra
3210:(in Portuguese). Oporto: Caminhos Romanos.
3362:
3355:
3341:
2393:
2379:
336:
322:
3229:(in Spanish). Granada: Univ. of Granada.
3188:
2852:
2768:. Gibraltar was not captured until 1492.
2485:This invasion was a final attempt by the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3788:Battles involving the Emirate of Granada
2672:
3803:Battles involving the Marinid Sultanate
14:
3760:
2122:Revolution and Asturian miners' strike
3336:
317:
3174:: University of Pennsylvania Press.
2508:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3284:Segura González, Wenceslao (2005).
3206:Azeredo, António Carlos de (2007).
2497:and defeating a Christian fleet at
2271:Catalan declaration of independence
24:
3518:Paraje natural playa de los Lances
3286:"La batalla del Salado (año 1340)"
3198:
2585:
25:
3834:
3225:Huici Miranda, Ambrosio (2000) .
2505:, where they met the Christians.
2715:Gil Álvarez Carrillo de Albornoz
2466:and 5,000 troops that landed at
2358:
2344:
1511:
148:
34:
3677:Provincia marítima de Algeciras
3193:. Vol. I. Clarendon Press.
3191:The Spanish Kingdoms, 1250–1516
3166:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011).
2064:Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
45:needs additional citations for
2778:
2489:to set up a power base in the
2455:Muhammed IV, Sultan of Granada
265:Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena
13:
1:
3813:Military history of Andalusia
2795:
1763:War of the Spanish Succession
2735:
1723:Colonisation of the Americas
217:Castilian–Portuguese victory
7:
2440:
1400:Post-Reconquista Rebellions
10:
3839:
3808:Battles of the Reconquista
3793:Battles involving Portugal
3778:14th century in al-Andalus
3672:Necrópolis de Los Algarbes
3379:Necrópolis de Los Algarbes
3248:. Basingstoke: MacMillan.
3172:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
3159:
2261:2008–2014 financial crisis
3798:Battles involving Castile
3689:
3639:
3613:
3587:
3561:
3510:
3439:
3432:
3371:
3189:Hillgarth, J. N. (1976).
2642:
2605:Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari
2193:Spain during World War II
2024:Regency of María Cristina
1892:Regency of María Cristina
510:2nd San Esteban de Gormaz
505:1st San Esteban de Gormaz
356:
283:
269:Garci Lasso de la Vega II
250:
225:
158:
147:
139:
134:
3823:14th century in Portugal
3295:(in Spanish) (3): 1–32.
3246:Spain in the Middle Ages
2771:
2421:against those of Sultan
2248:1981 coup d'état attempt
2048:Spain during World War I
1627:Kingdom of the Visigoths
299:1,000 in Tarifa garrison
3818:14th century in Castile
3707:Faro de Punta de Tarifa
2535:. Five reached Tarifa.
2232:Transition to democracy
3553:Playa de Valdevaqueros
3404:Escopeteros de Getares
3389:Alonso Pérez de Guzmán
3244:MacKay, Angus (1977).
2686:
2266:2017 Barcelona attacks
2098:Provisional Government
1969:Provisional Government
1842:Absolutist restoration
1794:Abdications of Bayonne
251:Commanders and leaders
69:"Battle of Río Salado"
3543:Playa de los Alemanes
2676:
2653:Alvar Pérez de Guzmán
2548:Afonso IV of Portugal
2447:Alfonso XI of Castile
2419:Alfonso XI of Castile
2415:Afonso IV of Portugal
2253:Madrid train bombings
2130:1936 general election
2032:Reign of Alfonso XIII
1818:Constitution of Cádiz
500:Pallars and Ribagorza
261:Afonso IV of Portugal
257:Alfonso XI of Castile
3722:Iglesia de San Mateo
3414:Marquesado de Tarifa
3394:Battle of Río Salado
2922:Segura González 2010
2749:Straits of Gibraltar
2711:Archbishop of Toledo
2407:Battle of Río Salado
2279:Coronavirus pandemic
2240:Current constitution
2225:Contemporary history
2040:Spanish–American War
2016:Reign of Alfonso XII
1908:Regency of Espartero
1885:Reign of Isabella II
1771:Nueva Planta Decrees
1619:Kingdom of the Suebi
1382:2nd Granada campaign
779:2nd Balearic Islands
754:1st Balearic Islands
198:36.04500°N 5.61500°W
135:Battle of Río Salado
54:improve this article
27:1340 battle in Spain
3742:Torre de Guadalmesí
3667:Isla de Las Palomas
3548:Playa de Los Lances
3538:Playa de El Cañuelo
3533:Playa de Atlanterra
3043:, pp. 175–176.
2997:, pp. 174–175.
2556:Admiral of Portugal
2495:Strait of Gibraltar
2154:Nationalist victory
2075:of Dámaso Berenguer
1961:Sexenio Democrático
1944:Glorious Revolution
1850:Sexenio Absolutista
1700:Early modern period
1599:Diocese of Hispania
1061:Las Navas de Tolosa
236:Kingdom of Portugal
194: /
175:Salado River, near
3737:Tarifa Kite School
3621:Laguna de La Janda
3579:Sierra de la Plata
3440:Towns and villages
2786:Batalla del Salado
2691:Juan Núñez de Lara
2687:
2449:'s victory in the
2409:also known as the
2365:History portal
1935:Bienio progresista
1926:Second Carlist War
1826:Treaty of Valençay
1684:Christian kingdoms
1555:Carthaginian Spain
1530:Prehistoric Iberia
1255:Shepherds' Crusade
1066:3rd Alcácer do Sal
1029:2nd Alcácer do Sal
939:1st Alcácer do Sal
433:2nd Roncevaux Pass
371:1st Roncevaux Pass
245:Emirate of Granada
203:36.04500; -5.61500
3783:Conflicts in 1340
3755:
3754:
3685:
3684:
3569:Sierra de Enmedio
3399:Condado de Tarifa
3217:978-989-95232-3-4
2747:. Control of the
2745:Iberian Peninsula
2695:Order of Santiago
2693:and the Military
2509:Preliminary moves
2491:Iberian Peninsula
2459:Abu al-Hasan 'Ali
2423:Abu al-Hasan 'Ali
2403:
2402:
2320:Religious history
2009:Restoration Spain
1985:Third Carlist War
1977:Reign of Amadeo I
1900:First Carlist War
1707:Catholic Monarchs
1612:Early Middle Ages
1550:Pre-Roman peoples
1484:
1483:
662:Almodóvar del Río
312:
311:
274:Abu al-Hasan 'Ali
241:Marinid Sultanate
221:
220:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3830:
3747:Torre de la Peña
3702:Castle of Tarifa
3647:Cantón de Tarifa
3614:Rivers and lakes
3523:Playa de Bolonia
3437:
3436:
3363:Municipality of
3357:
3350:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3314:
3308:— (2010).
3304:
3290:
3280:
3268:
3257:
3240:
3221:
3194:
3185:
3153:
3150:O'Callaghan 2011
3147:
3141:
3138:O'Callaghan 2011
3135:
3129:
3126:O'Callaghan 2011
3123:
3117:
3114:O'Callaghan 2011
3111:
3092:
3089:O'Callaghan 2011
3086:
3073:
3070:O'Callaghan 2011
3067:
3056:
3053:O'Callaghan 2011
3050:
3044:
3041:O'Callaghan 2011
3038:
3032:
3029:O'Callaghan 2011
3026:
3017:
3014:O'Callaghan 2011
3011:
2998:
2995:O'Callaghan 2011
2992:
2986:
2983:O'Callaghan 2011
2980:
2967:
2964:O'Callaghan 2011
2961:
2952:
2949:O'Callaghan 2011
2946:
2940:
2937:O'Callaghan 2011
2934:
2925:
2919:
2910:
2907:O'Callaghan 2011
2904:
2877:
2874:O'Callaghan 2011
2871:
2856:
2850:
2835:
2832:O'Callaghan 2011
2829:
2789:
2782:
2681:, a monument in
2679:Padrão do Salado
2411:Battle of Tarifa
2395:
2388:
2381:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2351:Spain portal
2349:
2348:
2347:
2315:Military history
2300:Economic history
2283:
2275:
2257:
2244:
2236:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2185:Republican exile
2181:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2138:1936 coup d'état
2134:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2102:
2079:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2020:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1948:
1940:
1930:
1922:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1873:
1865:
1855:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1802:Napoleonic Spain
1798:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1688:
1680:
1670:
1662:
1639:
1635:Byzantine Spania
1631:
1623:
1590:
1589:(218 BCE–472 CE)
1582:
1559:
1515:
1505:
1487:
1486:
351:
338:
331:
324:
315:
314:
232:Crown of Castile
209:
208:
206:
205:
204:
199:
195:
192:
191:
190:
187:
160:
159:
152:
132:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
18:Battle of Tarifa
3838:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3717:Hurricane Hotel
3681:
3662:Duna de Bolonia
3635:
3609:
3605:Punta de Tarifa
3595:Punta Camarinal
3583:
3574:Sierra de Fates
3557:
3506:
3428:
3424:Siege of Tarifa
3367:
3361:
3331:
3312:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3260:
3243:
3237:
3224:
3218:
3205:
3201:
3199:Further reading
3182:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3095:
3087:
3076:
3068:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3027:
3020:
3012:
3001:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2970:
2962:
2955:
2947:
2943:
2935:
2928:
2920:
2913:
2905:
2880:
2872:
2859:
2851:
2838:
2830:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2738:
2689:In the center,
2645:
2600:Gil de Albornoz
2588:
2586:Opposing forces
2552:Manuel Pessanha
2511:
2443:
2427:Marinid dynasty
2399:
2370:
2359:
2357:
2345:
2343:
2325:
2324:
2305:Law enforcement
2295:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2273:
2255:
2242:
2234:
2227:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2209:Basque conflict
2203:
2195:
2187:
2179:
2172:
2170:Francoist Spain
2162:
2161:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2114:Second Biennium
2108:
2100:
2093:
2091:Second Republic
2083:
2082:
2077:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2011:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1964:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1938:
1928:
1920:
1917:Década moderada
1910:
1902:
1894:
1887:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1863:
1860:Trienio Liberal
1853:
1844:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1810:Cortes of Cádiz
1804:
1796:
1789:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1717:
1709:
1702:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1678:
1668:
1660:
1658:Muslim conquest
1653:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1614:
1604:
1603:
1588:
1580:
1573:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1545:
1535:
1534:
1525:
1503:
1496:
1485:
1480:
1415:
1367:Los Alporchones
1250:Vega de Granada
352:
345:Battles in the
344:
342:
307:
305:
298:
296:
295:12,000 infantry
294:
292:
276:
267:
263:
259:
243:
234:
202:
200:
196:
193:
188:
185:
183:
181:
180:
179:
166:30 October 1340
153:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3836:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3773:1340 in Europe
3770:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3727:Port of Tarifa
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3652:Cueva del Moro
3649:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3482:Pedro Valiente
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3330:
3329:
3305:
3281:
3275:
3258:
3241:
3235:
3222:
3216:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3186:
3181:978-0812223026
3180:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:, p. 216.
3142:
3140:, p. 198.
3130:
3128:, p. 189.
3118:
3116:, p. 182.
3093:
3091:, p. 180.
3074:
3072:, p. 183.
3057:
3055:, p. 176.
3045:
3033:
3031:, p. 173.
3018:
3016:, p. 175.
2999:
2987:
2985:, p. 172.
2968:
2966:, p. 174.
2953:
2951:, p. 167.
2941:
2939:, p. 162.
2926:
2911:
2909:, p. 177.
2878:
2876:, p. 188.
2857:
2855:, p. 342.
2853:Hillgarth 1976
2836:
2834:, p. 187.
2800:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2757:two-year siege
2737:
2734:
2644:
2641:
2587:
2584:
2510:
2507:
2442:
2439:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2354:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:(2020–present)
2276:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2250:
2245:
2237:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2177:Spanish Maquis
2173:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2106:First Biennium
2103:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1993:First Republic
1990:
1982:
1974:
1965:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1941:
1931:
1923:
1913:
1905:
1897:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1869:Ominous Decade
1866:
1856:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1790:
1787:Peninsular War
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
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1671:
1663:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1583:
1578:Roman Conquest
1574:
1571:Roman Hispania
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1498:
1497:
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1481:
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1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1411:2nd Alpujarras
1408:
1406:1st Alpujarras
1402:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:Vega de Pagana
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1173:Mudéjar revolt
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1083:
1081:Aragonese raid
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
969:Central Iberia
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
729:Norwegian raid
726:
721:
716:
711:
705:
704:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
558:
557:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
486:
485:
481:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
414:
413:
409:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
362:
361:
357:
354:
353:
341:
340:
333:
326:
318:
310:
309:
300:
286:
285:
281:
280:
271:
253:
252:
248:
247:
238:
228:
227:
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:
211:
210:
174:
172:
168:
167:
164:
156:
155:
145:
144:
137:
136:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3835:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3712:Hotel Misiana
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3697:Baelo Claudia
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3657:Cueva del Sol
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3502:Valdevaqueros
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3384:Baelo Claudia
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3346:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3151:
3146:
3139:
3134:
3127:
3122:
3115:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3071:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3054:
3049:
3042:
3037:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2996:
2991:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2950:
2945:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2923:
2918:
2916:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2787:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2732:in a galley.
2731:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2451:Teba campaign
2448:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2316:
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2201:Blue Division
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1747:Iberian Union
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1558:(575–206 BCE)
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1543:Early history
1539:
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1377:9th Gibraltar
1375:
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1372:8th Gibraltar
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1362:7th Gibraltar
1360:
1358:
1357:La Higueruela
1355:
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1352:6th Gibraltar
1350:
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1325:5th Algeciras
1323:
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1308:
1306:
1305:5th Gibraltar
1303:
1301:
1300:4th Algeciras
1298:
1296:
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1271:
1270:4th Gibraltar
1268:
1266:
1265:3rd Gibraltar
1263:
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1258:
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1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:2nd Gibraltar
1243:
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1236:
1235:3rd Algeciras
1233:
1231:
1230:1st Gibraltar
1228:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:2nd Algeciras
1206:
1204:
1203:1st Algeciras
1201:
1199:
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623:
622:Piedra Pisada
620:
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582:Aqbat al-Bakr
580:
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568:
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560:
559:
555:
554:
551:
550:3rd Barcelona
548:
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543:
541:
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536:
533:
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528:
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515:Valdejunquera
513:
511:
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498:
496:
493:
491:
490:Day of Zamora
488:
487:
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482:
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478:2nd Barcelona
476:
474:
473:2nd Cellorigo
471:
469:
468:1st Cellorigo
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
453:Monte Laturce
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
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419:
418:1st Barcelona
416:
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349:
339:
334:
332:
327:
325:
320:
319:
316:
308:7,000 knights
304:
301:
297:1,000 knights
293:8,000 knights
291:
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92:
88:
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81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3631:Salado River
3600:Punta Paloma
3467:El Lentiscal
3457:El Chaparral
3419:Radio Tarifa
3393:
3316:
3292:
3264:
3245:
3226:
3207:
3190:
3167:
3145:
3133:
3121:
3048:
3036:
2990:
2944:
2924:, p. 6.
2785:
2780:
2766:Great Plague
2742:
2739:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2707:
2688:
2665:
2646:
2613:
2594:and 400,000
2589:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2545:
2537:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2484:
2444:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2356:
2342:
2330:
2310:LGBT history
2072:
1959:
1933:
1915:
1858:
1848:
1674:
1594:Romanization
1581:(206–27 BCE)
1418:North Africa
1336:15th century
1284:
1224:14th century
1128:4th Valencia
1050:13th century
1004:4th Santarém
964:3rd Santarém
904:2nd Santarém
824:3rd Valencia
794:2nd Zaragoza
774:1st Santarém
709:2nd Valencia
703:12th century
667:1st Valencia
637:1st Zaragoza
556:11th century
540:Torrevicente
484:10th century
381:Orbieu River
376:Burbia River
346:
302:
289:
226:Belligerents
140:Part of the
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3528:Playa Chica
3477:Paloma Baja
3319:(9): 1–29.
2464:naval fleet
2235:(1975–1978)
2212:(1959–2011)
2204:(1941–1944)
2196:(1939–1945)
2188:(1939–1977)
2180:(1939–1965)
2149:(1936–1939)
2117:(1933–1936)
2109:(1931–1933)
2078:(1930–1931)
2073:Dictablanda
2067:(1923–1930)
2051:(1914–1918)
2035:(1886–1931)
2027:(1885–1902)
2019:(1874–1885)
1996:(1873–1874)
1988:(1872–1876)
1980:(1870–1873)
1972:(1868–1871)
1939:(1854–1856)
1929:(1846–1849)
1921:(1844–1854)
1911:(1840–1843)
1903:(1833–1840)
1895:(1833–1840)
1872:(1823–1833)
1864:(1820–1823)
1854:(1814–1820)
1813:(1810–1814)
1805:(1808–1813)
1774:(1707–1716)
1766:(1701–1714)
1758:(1700–1808)
1750:(1580–1640)
1742:(1556–1659)
1734:(1516–1700)
1726:(1492–1898)
1718:(1482–1492)
1715:Granada War
1710:(1479–1516)
1675:Reconquista
1651:Middle Ages
1502:History of
1476:2nd Tangier
1461:1st Tangier
1320:2nd Montiel
1240:3rd Almería
1158:3rd Seville
1086:2nd Majorca
989:2nd Seville
954:2nd Badajoz
934:2nd Almería
924:2nd Tortosa
894:1st Almería
879:1st Montiel
834:1st Badajoz
809:1st Granada
567:Calatañazor
495:1st Majorca
448:Guadalacete
423:1st Tortosa
412:9th century
360:8th century
348:Reconquista
201: /
142:Reconquista
3762:Categories
3626:Río Cachón
3462:El Cuartón
3276:8485622162
3236:843382659X
2796:References
1739:Golden Age
1687:(718–1479)
1679:(711–1492)
1669:(711–1492)
1666:Al-Andalus
1523:Prehistory
1342:Collejares
1330:2nd Murcia
1295:Guadalmesí
1285:Río Salado
1183:1st Murcia
1143:2nd Xàtiva
1138:1st Xàtiva
1034:2nd Silves
1019:2nd Silves
1014:1st Silves
929:2nd Lleida
914:5th Lisbon
874:4th Lisbon
804:1st Lleida
764:Candespina
759:6th Toledo
744:Formentera
734:3rd Lisbon
714:Mollerussa
697:5th Toledo
692:4th Toledo
672:2nd Lisbon
657:3rd Toledo
632:2nd Toledo
520:1st Toledo
463:Polvoraria
406:1st Lisbon
396:Río Quirós
391:Las Babias
189:05°36′54″W
186:36°02′42″N
110:April 2018
80:newspapers
3732:Al Qantir
3690:Landmarks
3562:Mountains
3492:Tahivilla
3433:Geography
3325:2171-5858
3317:Al Qantir
3301:2171-5858
3254:642077471
3208:Guimarães
2761:Gibraltar
2736:Aftermath
2703:Algeciras
2683:Guimarães
2667:Abu Hasan
2661:Calatrava
2657:Alcántara
2629:crossbows
2533:Cartagena
2499:Gibraltar
2476:Gibraltar
2468:Algeciras
2453:of 1330,
2417:and King
2146:Civil War
1731:Habsburgs
1661:(711–716)
1638:(552–624)
1630:(418–721)
1622:(409–585)
1456:4nd Ceuta
1446:3nd Ceuta
1439:2nd Ceuta
1434:1st Ceuta
1347:Antequera
1198:Andalusia
1178:3rd Jerez
1168:2nd Jerez
1103:1st Jerez
1076:Peníscola
1044:Talamanca
999:2nd Évora
984:Calatrava
974:Tarragona
959:Juromenha
949:1st Évora
899:Al-Ludjdj
869:2nd Coria
849:1st Coria
784:Martorell
769:Vatalandi
687:Consuegra
612:Golpejera
597:Barbastro
535:Estercuel
366:Covadonga
3452:El Bujeo
2619:and the
2617:Asturias
2596:infantry
2487:Marinids
2457:sent to
2441:Campaign
2332:Timeline
1755:Bourbons
1586:Hispania
1493:a series
1491:Part of
1290:Estepona
1218:Iznalloz
1153:3rd Jaén
1113:Burriana
1098:2nd Jaén
1071:1st Jaén
1056:Al-Dāmūs
994:Abrantes
889:Albacete
864:Trancoso
739:Talavera
719:Balaguer
642:Sagrajas
607:Llantada
530:Simancas
525:Alhandic
458:Morcuera
428:Pancorbo
284:Strength
171:Location
3511:Beaches
3487:La Peña
3472:Facinas
3447:Bolonia
3372:History
3160:Sources
2753:Genoese
2649:Yusuf I
2637:shields
2633:helmets
2609:militia
2592:knights
2564:Straits
2560:Genoese
2515:galleys
2480:Granada
2472:outpost
2435:Granada
2431:Yusuf I
2425:of the
2059:(–1927)
2056:Rif War
1471:Melilla
1451:Tétouan
1310:Linuesa
1280:Getares
1133:Algarve
1123:El Puig
1118:Córdoba
1091:Portopí
1039:Alarcos
944:Palmela
919:Sacavém
909:Sacavém
854:Ourique
814:Corbins
799:Cutanda
789:Coimbra
677:Alcoraz
627:Morella
602:Paterna
592:Coimbra
562:Cervera
443:Albelda
438:Clavijo
303:67,000
290:22,000
278:Yusuf I
94:scholar
3768:Tarifa
3588:Points
3497:Tarifa
3365:Tarifa
3323:
3299:
3273:
3252:
3233:
3214:
3178:
2699:Tarifa
2643:Battle
2635:, and
2625:lances
2621:Basque
2540:Tarifa
2503:Tarifa
2445:After
2274:(2017)
2256:(2004)
2243:(1978)
2157:(1939)
2141:(1936)
2133:(1936)
2125:(1934)
2101:(1931)
2043:(1898)
1947:(1868)
1829:(1813)
1821:(1812)
1797:(1808)
1495:on the
1466:Asilah
1429:Strait
1392:Málaga
1387:Lucena
1315:Guadix
1213:Moclín
1193:Martos
979:Cuenca
844:Leiria
819:Alcalá
682:Bairén
647:Tudela
577:Albesa
401:Oviedo
306:60,000
214:Result
177:Tarifa
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3640:Other
3313:(PDF)
3289:(PDF)
2772:Notes
2730:Ceuta
2576:beach
2519:leños
2294:Topic
1504:Spain
1188:Écija
1024:Tomar
1009:Alvor
884:Soure
859:Oreja
839:Fraga
829:Aceca
749:Ibiza
724:Uclés
652:Tévar
617:Cabra
587:Graus
545:Rueda
386:Lutos
101:JSTOR
87:books
3321:ISSN
3297:ISSN
3271:ISBN
3250:OCLC
3231:ISBN
3212:ISBN
3176:ISBN
2677:The
2659:and
2529:naos
2524:naos
2429:and
2405:The
1424:Salé
1260:Teba
1163:Faro
1148:Biar
1108:Ares
572:Torà
163:Date
73:news
2474:of
2433:of
56:by
3764::
3315:.
3291:.
3170:.
3096:^
3077:^
3060:^
3021:^
3002:^
2971:^
2956:^
2929:^
2914:^
2881:^
2860:^
2839:^
2804:^
2713:,
2663:.
2631:,
2627:,
2554:,
2437:.
3356:e
3349:t
3342:v
3327:.
3303:.
3279:.
3256:.
3239:.
3220:.
3184:.
2788:.
2394:e
2387:t
2380:v
337:e
330:t
323:v
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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