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1966:. Chiang Kai-shek then ordered Li Zongren to utilize 'offensive defense' ), i.e. seizing the initiative to actively attack, instead of passively defending. Thus, Li deployed Sun Zhen's 22nd Group Army to attack Zouxian from the south while Pang Bingxun's 40th Division advanced northwards along the 22nd's left flank to attack Mengyin and Sishui. Sun Tongxuan's 3rd Group Army also advanced from the south, launching a two-pronged attack on the Japanese at Jining. Fighting fiercely from 12 to 25 February, the respectable combat performance of the 12th Corps in particular helped to ameliorate the reputational damage that Han Fuju had otherwise inflicted upon on the Shandong units. The Japanese made some strategic changes as a result of these Chinese counterattacks: they cancelled their original plan of directly advancing westwards from Nanjing to Wuhan, so that more troops could be spared for the push towards Xuzhou.
1895:'s 59th Army, also a Northwestern unit, had moved eastwards from Xuzhou along the Longhai railway, passing Tai’erzhuang before advancing northwards towards Linyi. It crossed the Yi River on 12 March and attacked the Japanese left flank, engaging them from 13 to 18 March, during which the 39th Division managed to push the Japanese out of the Linyi region. Pursued by the Chinese from two directions, the Japanese were forced to withdraw, losing almost two entire battalions in the process. This engagement broke the myth of Japanese invincibility and also humiliated Japanese commander
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2053:"We had a battle for the little lanes , and unprecedently, not just streets and lanes, but even courtyards and houses. Neither side was willing to budge. Sometimes we'd capture a house, and dig a hole in the wall to approach the enemy. Sometimes the enemy would be digging a hole in the same wall at the same time. Sometimes we faced each other with hand grenades - or we might even bite each other. Or when we could hear that the enemy was in the house, then we'd climb the roof and drop bombs inside - and kill them all."
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1567:. In particular, its air force and navy had both been virtually wiped out. Nonetheless, China's resolve in resisting the Japanese invasion showed no signs of weakening. On 30 January, the Japanese military high command, after evaluating the situation in China, decided that no new offensive operations should be conducted until August. Emperor
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1876:), advanced southwestwards along the Taiwei Highway, spearheaded by its 21st Infantry Brigade. There they faced the Chinese 3rd Group Army, commanded by Pang Bingxun. Despite being designated as a Group Army, Pang's unit only consisted of the 40th Army, which itself only consisted of the 39th Division, a unit from the
1899:, even shocking the IJA headquarters. Although the Japanese 5th Division later regrouped and tried again, it had lost the element of surprise. The Japanese defeat at Linyi at the hands of the inferiorly trained and equipped Chinese regional units set the scene for the eventual battle at Tai’erzhuang .
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against
Chinese positions in the town's north station, but failed to dislodge the defenders. On 3 April, the Chinese 2nd Group Army launched a counter-offensive, with the 30th and 110th Divisions fighting northwards into Beiluo and Nigou respectively. On 6 April, the Chinese 85th and 52nd Army linked
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The conditions were so brutal that
Chinese officers implemented severe measures to maintain discipline. Junior officers were repeatedly forbidden to retreat, often ordered to personally replace casualties within their ranks. Li Zongren threatened one of his commanders that if he did not carry out his
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northwards into the
Jiangbei region. During the retreat from Nanjing, many scattered Chinese troops also found themselves drifting down the Yangtze and into Jiangbei. The IJA saw this as an opportunity to pursue and destroy this cluster of disorganized Chinese troops, thus ignoring the IJN's strategy
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from Japan. The next day, Japan followed suit, withdrawing its ambassador
Kawagoe Shigeru. Earlier that year, Chiang had also resigned from his post as Premier of the Executive Yuan, in order to fully dedicate his efforts to the war. The respective actions taken by both sides indicated their attitude
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insubordination and subsequent execution, the
Chinese military's high command rigorously adjusted the tone at the top by clamping down on military discipline, which pervaded down throughout the ranks and resulted in even the most junior soldiers willing to risk their lives in the course of carrying
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On 29 March, setting out from the south of the district, the assault team stormed the
Wenchang pavilion from the south and east, annihilating the entire Japanese garrison with the exception of four Japanese troops taken as POWs. The Chinese had thus retaken the north-western corner of the district.
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neutralized
Japanese advantages in cannon and heavy artillery. Unlike previous engagements, the Chinese managed to resupply their troops whilst also preventing the Japanese from doing the same. After two weeks of heavy fighting, the Japanese were bled dry of men and material, and were forced out of
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On 25 March, the
Japanese launched an all-out attack on Taierzhuang, with a 300-strong contingent successfully breaching the north-eastern gate. However, they were then forced back into the Chenghuang temple. The Chinese then set fire to the temple, killing the entire Japanese force. The next day,
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The battle also resulted in significant casualties for the
Japanese, who lost between 8,000 and 20,000 killed in action. The Chinese claimed to have annihilated 24,000 Japanese troops in addition to shooting down 3 aircraft and destroying or capturing approximately 30 tanks and more than 10 other
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by Li
Zongren. Despite facing a completely inferior enemy, the Japanese were unable to make any progress even after more than a month of continuous attacks. The Japanese then deployed armoured and artillery reinforcements from Nanjing. The Chinese responded by withdrawing westwards to the
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on 1 September, marching for more than 50 days continuously and covering some 1400 kilometers. When they arrived in Shanxi, they were confronted with an icy winter. Despite lacking winter uniforms or even a single map of the province, they immediately engaged the Japanese for 10 days at
2037:"The battle continued day and night. The flames lit up the sky. Often all that separated our forces was a single wall. The soldiers would beat holes in the masonry to snipe at each other. We would be fighting for days over a single building, causing dozens of fatalities."
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In the prelude to the battle, the Japanese were hampered by the 'offensive defensive' operations conducted by the various Chinese regional units, which effectively prevented the three Japanese divisions from ever achieving their objective of linking up with one
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The defeat was a significant blow to the Japanese military. It was the first major Japanese defeat since the beginning of the war, broke the myth of Imperial Japanese military invincibility, and resulted in an incalculable benefit to Chinese
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However, they were met by a stiff Chinese counterattack, which checked them at the Taoyuan region. The Japanese then conducted heavy aerial bombardment on the single Chinese division, forcing it to withdraw into Linyi. During this time,
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slowly. With the various Chinese counter-attacks all accomplishing their objectives, the Japanese line finally collapsed on April 7. Both the 10th and 5th Divisions, having been bled dry of men and ammunition, were forced into retreat.
110:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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Despite repeatedly deploying heavy artillery, air strikes, and gas attacks, the Japanese were unable to force the Chinese 2nd Group Army from Tai’erzhuang and its surrounding regions, even as the defenders risked complete
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However, the IJA was reluctant to continue following this approach of following waterways, and instead pursued the Chinese army retreating from the Shanghai-Nanjing theatre, driving northwards into the three provinces of
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Under the command of Sun Zhen, the 22nd Group Army had deployed four of its six divisions to assist the war effort in Northern China. Organized under the 41st and 45th Army, the contingent began its foot march towards
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the Japanese launched another assault through the breached gate and secured the eastern portion of the district, before also breaching the north-western corner from the outside and capturing the Wenchang Pavilion.
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However, their supply routes were then intercepted by the Chinese 31st Corps, which conducted flanking attacks from the southwest. The Japanese situation was worsened further when the Chinese 7th Army (led by
1759:'s supply depots, infuriating Yan Xishan, who expelled them from the province. The 22nd then withdrew westwards into the 1st War Area, only for its commander, Cheng Qian to reject its request for resupplies.
2176:, military and non-military. Li Zongren said that the victory "was the first happy occasion since the war of resistance had started," and that Taierzhuang became "a symbol of national renaissance." General
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As the battle continued, the Chinese command managed to resupply their troops successfully whilst preventing the Japanese from restocking their supplies of arms and bullets. In doing so, the Japanese were
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The Japanese failed to prevent the Chinese 20th Group Army's maneuver around their rear positions, which cut off their retreat routes and gave the Chinese the advantage of a counter-encirclement.
1492:. The battle was the war's first major Chinese victory. It humiliated the Japanese military and its reputation as an invincible force; for the Chinese, it represented a tremendous morale boost.
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Despite Hirohito's declaration that no new offensives would be conducted in 1938, the Japanese forces in China were eager to continue their offensive, with morale reaching a peak following the
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Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) 2nd ed., 1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing; Taipei, Taiwan. pp. 221–230. Map. 9-1
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Around 2,000 Japanese soldiers fought their way out of Taierzhuang, leaving behind thousands of dead, estimated to be between 8,000 and 20,000. Some of the soldiers who left committed
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1738:(commander of the 1st War Area and chairman of Henan). Both Yan and Cheng disliked units from Sichuan for their poor discipline, particularly their rampant opium consumption.
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and threw themselves under Japanese tanks to blow them up. Dynamite and grenades were strapped on by Chinese troops who rushed at Japanese tanks and blew themselves up.
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armoured vehicles. Taierzhuang itself was almost completely destroyed by the battle. Some 20,000 Chinese soldiers had become casualties as a result of the fighting.
2025:. Out of an initial squad of 57 Chinese soldiers tasked with capturing a building, only 10 survived. One participant described the brutal conditions of the battle:
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Taierzhuang's cramped conditions meant the Japanese could not leverage their advantages in cannon and heavy artillery, forcing their infantry to force
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and close-range artillery attacks. During one incident at Taierzhuang, Chinese suicide bombers obliterated four Japanese tanks with grenade bundles.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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2107:. Chinese casualties were roughly the same (around 20,000), a significant improvement over the previous costly campaigns in Shanghai and Nanjing.
1682:. From there, the combined Japanese forces could attack Wuhan and force the KMT into surrender. The war had thus moved from the 3rd to the 5th
2709:. Vol. 25 of Historical Dictionaries of Ancient Civilizations and Historical Eras (illustrated ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 350.
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The Chinese had thus foiled the Japanese plan of advancing their 13th Division northwards along the Jinpu railway and joining forces with
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and other Chinese cities, Japan initially denied its defeat and ridiculed the reports of the battle for days. It was reported on by the
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By early April, the Japanese had taken two thirds of Taierzhuang, although the Chinese still held Taierzhuang's South Gate.
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and unable to advance any further despite enjoying complete air superiority and having a complete advantage in firepower.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Battle of Xuzhou: Personal Recollections from the War of Resistance against Japan by Former Nationalist Commanders
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Xuzhou: Personal Recollections from the War of Resistance against Japan by Former Nationalist Commanders
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up at Taodun, just west of Lanling. The combined force then drove north-westwards, capturing Ganlugou.
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without meeting any resistance at all. The Japanese then advanced southwards along two columns from
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towards the war: China was now fully committed, while Japan still showed some signs of hesitation.
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Fallen: A Decryption of 682 Air Force Heroes of The War of Resistance – WWII and Their Martyrdom
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Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015
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may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
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Angry Monk: Reflections on Tibet: Literary, Historical, and Oral Sources for a Documentary Film
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Sheng Cheng, based on the battle memories of General Chi Fengcheng, echoed this sentiment:
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The battle was characterized by vicious close quarters combat. The cramped conditions of
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having ordered his forces to desert their posts, the Japanese successfully captured
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2801:(PhD Thesis). University of Zurich, Faculty of Arts. p. 518. Archived from
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2917:(reprint ed.). Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. p. 79.
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The western column advanced south-westwards along the Jinpu railway, capturing
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any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
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Some of the most critical reasons for the Japanese failure are as follows:
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Of the three Japanese divisions driving into the Chinese 5th War Area, the
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Osprey Aircraft of the Aces 126: Aces of the Republic of China Air Force
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via two columns in early February: the northern column advanced towards
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power, 1850 to the Present
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Modern China: the fall and rise of a great power, 1850 to the present
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also arrived at the Shanxi-Henan region, only to be rejected by both
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in order to avoid direct confrontation with their reinforced foes.
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Chiang sent Li the 3rd War Area's 21st Group Army. Also a unit from
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was also used against the Japanese. Chinese troops, as part of the
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strapped explosives like grenade packs or dynamite to their bodies
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Chinese soldiers charge against Japanese positions in Taierzhuang
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and moved southwards along the Jinpu railway. With KMT General
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Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost
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Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost
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Forgotten Ally: China's World War II, 1937–1945: Mitter, Rana
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Pursuit Groups of fighter-attack planes in the long-distance
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cut off the Japanese attackers from the rear, severing their
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Wuhan, 1938: War, Refugees, and the Making of Modern China
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Wuhan, 1938: War, Refugees, and the Making of Modern China
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Wuhan, 1938: War, Refugees, and the Making of Modern China
2597:(illustrated ed.). Simon and Schuster. p. 319.
2460:. Beijing: Zhongguo Wen-shi Chubanshe, 1990. p. 206.
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Wuhan, 1938: War, Refugees and the making of Modern China
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The fighting in Taierzhuang was characterized by vicious
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Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Shandong
2836:(illustrated ed.). Marshall Cavendish. p. 94.
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3rd and 4th PG Squadrons, Nationalist Air Force of China
2734:
The General: Charles De Gaulle and the France He Saved
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and consisted of the 7th and 47th Army. At this time,
2963:"Japanese Defeat a Major Disaster; Crisis in Cabinet"
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China Condensed: 5,000 Years of History & Culture
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newspaper to "soft-shelled turtles in a closed jar."
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on 22 February and pushed towards Linyi on 3 March.
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a machine-translated version of the Japanese article.
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China Condensed: 5000 Years of History & Culture
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Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the China He Lost
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Chinese troops advance in the streets of Taierzhuang
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2408:. Beijing: Zhongguo Wen-shi Chubanshe. p. 179.
2393:. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 152.
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2081:duty, he would "be treated as Han Fuju had been."
2706:Historical Dictionary of Modern China (1800–1949)
1816:. The Japanese proceeded to successively capture
1484:in 1938. It was fought between the armies of the
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1582:. On 20 February, China withdrew its ambassador
2391:Forgotten Ally: China's World War II, 1937-1945
2021:, with combatants often confronting each other
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1638:pursued the fleeing Chinese forces, capturing
128:accompanying your translation by providing an
90:Click for important translation instructions.
77:expand this article with text translated from
2562:. University of California Press. p. 32.
2473:International Press Correspondence, Volume 18
2445:. University of California Press. p. 34.
2282:. University of California Press. p. 32.
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2237:. University of California Press. p. 32.
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256:that contextualizes different points of view.
242:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies
2297:. McFarland & Company Next. p. 392.
1962:, before driving north-westwards to capture
1916:, was the most successful. Setting out from
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3006:. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2015.
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53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
16:1938 battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War
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1634:Throughout December 1937, Rippei Ogisu's
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290:Learn how and when to remove this message
272:Learn how and when to remove this message
211:Learn how and when to remove this message
2949:Storm Clouds Over the Pacific: 1931-1941
2575:Storm Clouds over the Pacific, 1931–1941
2525:Storm Clouds over the Pacific: 1931-1941
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2335:Storm Clouds Over the Pacific: 1931–1941
2187:Amid the celebrations of the victory in
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2084:On April 2 and 3, the Japanese deployed
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2044:
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1884:for over a month. The Japanese captured
1773:Commanded by Rippei Ogisu, the Japanese
1425:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936)
1366:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895)
3066:Battles of the Second Sino-Japanese War
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2980:Common Knowledge about Chinese History
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1650:. Simultaneously, in Northern China,
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2476:. Richard Neumann. 1938. p. 447
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2737:. Simon and Schuster. p. 319.
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42:or discuss these issues on the
2792:Schaedler, Luc (Autumn 2007).
2771:. HarperCollins. p. 284.
2625:. Da Capo Press. p. 319.
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1992:Nationalist Air Force of China
1940:. The eastern column captured
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781:1931–1937 (pre-war skirmishes)
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2577:. Casemate. pp. 110–111.
2527:. Casemate. pp. 110–111.
2337:. Casemate. pp. 110–111.
2222:. Casemate. pp. 110–111.
2220:Storm Clouds Over the Pacific
2202:
1642:, Shaobo, and advancing into
1549:
691:100,000–288,000 troops in 10
3106:Military history of Shandong
3024:. 东城区, 北京， 中国: 团结出版社, 2016.
2681:. C.E. Tuttle. p. 234.
2293:Clodfelter, Michael (2017).
2158:
1994:deployed squadrons from the
1718:, the 21st was commanded by
1580:Japanese terms for surrender
193:Knowledge's inclusion policy
7:
2558:Mackinnon, Stephen (2008).
2441:Mackinnon, Stephen (2008).
2278:Mackinnon, Stephen (2008).
2233:Mackinnon, Stephen (2008).
1762:
1703:to Xuzhou in January 1938.
1209:North Burma and West Yunnan
645:National Revolutionary Army
443:National Revolutionary Army
326:House-to-house fighting in
10:
3122:
2501:. V. Gollancz. p. 172
1794:southwestern outskirts of
1694:
1330:Military campaigns of the
102:Machine translation, like
2911:Dr Ong Siew Chey (2011).
2864:. Clear Mind Publishing.
2167:Li Zongren in Taierzhuang
1973:
1828:before advancing towards
1689:
1371:Liaodong Peninsula (1895)
1341:
831:Pacification of Manchukuo
777:
709:20,000 killed and wounded
703:
685:
630:
479:
414:
333:
319:
311:
306:
79:the corresponding article
2951:. Casemate. p. 111.
2731:Fenby, Jonathan (2010).
2647:Fenby, Jonathan (2008).
2619:Fenby, Jonathan (2009).
2591:Fenby, Jonathan (2003).
2495:Epstein, Israel (1939).
1482:Second Sino-Japanese War
1480:) took place during the
1440:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945)
768:Second Sino-Japanese War
314:Second Sino-Japanese War
140:{{Translated|ja|台児荘の戦い}}
2947:Harmsen, Peter (2018).
2830:Ong, Siew Chey (2005).
2765:Jonathan Fenby (2008).
2573:Harmsen, Peter (2018).
2523:Harmsen, Peter (2018).
2355:Jonathan Fenby (2009).
2333:Harmsen, Peter (2018).
2218:Harmsen, Peter (2018).
1777:, drove westwards from
1435:French Indochina (1940)
341:24 March – 7 April 1938
149:For more guidance, see
2826:Dynamite and grenades
2703:Gao, James Z. (2009).
2423:. Beijing. p. 36.
2248:防衛庁防衛研修所戦史室 編 (1976).
2168:
2077:
2074:Model 24 hand grenades
2055:
2050:
2039:
2033:
1578:refused to accept the
1262:West Henan–North Hubei
480:Commanders and leaders
472:Imperial Japanese Army
387:34.55722°N 117.73083°E
3050:Battle of Taierzhuang
2858:Olsen, Lance (2012).
2653:. Ecco. p. 284.
2419:Cheng, Sheng (2007).
2389:Mitter, Rana (2013).
2313:Mitter, Rana (2013).
2166:
2071:
2048:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2019:close quarters combat
1455:Battle of Taierzhuang
704:Casualties and losses
666:North China Area Army
307:Battle of Taierzhuang
250:by rewriting it in a
151:Knowledge:Translation
122:copyright attribution
3052:at Wikimedia Commons
2404:Qisan, Meng (1990).
2252:. 朝雲新聞社. p. 41.
2250:支那事変陸軍作戦＜2＞昭和十四年九月まで
1508:Grand Canal of China
1477:Tái'érzhuāng Huìzhàn
728:Many tanks destroyed
2675:Li, Leslie (1992).
2542:. pp. 353–354.
2456:Yuming, Du (1990).
2317:. pp. 149–150.
2149:"dare-to-die" corps
1411:Siberia (1918–1922)
1189:Sichuan (cancelled)
724:8,000-20,000 killed
392:34.55722; 117.73083
383: /
2967:The New York Times
2587:Dare to die corps
2421:Taierzhuang Memoir
2169:
2078:
2051:
2034:
1840:) then arrived at
1709:New Guangxi Clique
1670:, approaching the
1591:Military situation
1574:At the same time,
979:Yellow River flood
893:Railway Operation
130:interlanguage link
3096:April 1938 events
3091:March 1938 events
3071:Conflicts in 1938
3048:Media related to
3030:978-7-5126-4433-5
3002:Cheung, Raymond.
2969:. April 15, 1938.
2871:978-0-9838435-9-7
2778:978-0-06-166116-7
2368:978-0-7867-3984-4
2361:. Da Capo Press.
2137:dare to die corps
2008:close-air support
1971:
1970:
1920:, it crossed the
1878:Northwestern Army
1542:of the KMT's 5th
1486:Republic of China
1448:
1447:
1376:China (1899–1901)
1296:
1295:
1155:Yunnan-Burma Road
1093:Hundred Regiments
865:Marco Polo Bridge
732:
731:
430:Republic of China
410:
409:
300:
299:
292:
282:
281:
274:
236:This article may
221:
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2933:
2931:
2907:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2878:on 26 April 2014
2874:. Archived from
2854:
2852:
2850:
2824:
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2800:
2789:
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2544:
2543:
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2529:
2528:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2498:The people's war
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2254:
2253:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2215:
2004:air-interdiction
1897:Seishirō Itagaki
1874:Seishiro Itagaki
1767:
1766:
1478:
1469:
1336:
1334:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1183:Zhejiang–Jiangxi
1059:Winter Offensive
956:North-East Henan
887:Sihang Warehouse
772:
771:
769:
758:
751:
744:
735:
734:
664:
663:
662:
643:
642:
641:
624:Itagaki Seishiro
622:
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253:balanced fashion
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108:Google Translate
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2231:
2227:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2161:
2145:suicide bombing
2113:
2063:suicide bombers
1976:
1932:and moved into
1912:, commanded by
1868:, the Japanese
1765:
1697:
1692:
1597:Fall of Nanjing
1593:
1576:Chiang Kai-shek
1557:
1552:
1528:Longhai railway
1490:Empire of Japan
1451:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1430:China (1937–45)
1401:Tsingtao (1914)
1388:
1337:
1333:Empire of Japan
1332:
1329:
1327:
1297:
1292:
1085:Zaoyang–Yichang
1024:Suixian–Zaoyang
870:Beiping–Tianjin
809:Nenjiang Bridge
773:
767:
765:
764:
762:
727:
725:
723:
719:
717:
715:
713:Japanese claim:
698:
660:
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639:
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618:
616:
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614:(10th Division)
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459:Empire of Japan
452:
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406:Chinese victory
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3038:External links
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2716:978-0810863088
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2604:978-0743231442
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2267:. p. 152.
2265:Forgotten Ally
2263:Mitter, Rana.
2255:
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2206:
2204:
2201:
2193:New York Times
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1972:
1969:
1968:
1914:Rensuke Isogai
1906:
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1872:(commanded by
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1858:
1857:
1800:By this time,
1771:
1764:
1761:
1728:Sichuan clique
1696:
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1672:Jiaoji railway
1652:Rensuke Isogai
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721:Chinese claim:
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683:
682:
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654:
653:
633:
632:
631:Units involved
628:
627:
626:(5th Division)
612:Rensuke Isogai
602:
570:Wang Mingzhang
482:
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477:
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417:
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3086:Urban warfare
3084:
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3081:1938 in Japan
3079:
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3076:1938 in China
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2808:on 2014-07-19
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1982:On 26 March,
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1943:
1939:
1935:
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1911:
1910:10th Division
1907:
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1903:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:Zhang Zizhong
1887:
1883:
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1861:Northeastern
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1811:
1807:
1803:
1797:
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1791:Jinpu railway
1788:
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1780:
1776:
1775:13th Division
1772:
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1760:
1758:
1757:Shanxi clique
1754:
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1676:Jinpu railway
1673:
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1666:to cross the
1665:
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1657:
1656:10th Division
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1636:13th Division
1632:
1629:
1628:Yangtze River
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1601:Yangtze River
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1497:urban warfare
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1394:Taishō period
1387:
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1379:
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1361:Ryukyu (1879)
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1351:Taiwan (1874)
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902:Tianjin–Pukou
900:
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75:You can help
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2948:
2942:
2928:. Retrieved
2913:
2880:. Retrieved
2876:the original
2860:
2847:. Retrieved
2832:
2822:
2810:. Retrieved
2803:the original
2794:
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2748:. Retrieved
2733:
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2705:
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2664:. Retrieved
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2186:
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2178:Feng Yuxiang
2170:
2142:
2114:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2059:hand-to-hand
2056:
2052:
2040:
2036:
2023:face to face
2016:
2012:
1999:
1995:
1988:supply lines
1981:
1977:
1949:
1922:Yellow River
1889:
1870:5th Division
1850:
1834:
1799:
1740:
1713:
1698:
1668:Yellow River
1633:
1625:
1609:
1594:
1573:
1558:
1540:headquarters
1502:
1494:
1475:
1454:
1452:
1418:Shōwa period
1416:
1415:
1392:
1391:
1386:Korea (1910)
1345:Meiji period
1343:
1266:
1252:
1243:4th Changsha
1234:
1233:
1226:
1207:
1200:
1181:
1149:3rd Changsha
1147:
1142:2nd Changsha
1140:
1135:South Shanxi
1133:
1126:
1114:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1065:West Suiyuan
1057:
1043:
1038:1st Changsha
1036:
1022:
1015:
984:
977:
948:
941:
927:
916:Pingxingguan
908:
881:2nd Shanghai
879:
826:1st Shanghai
720:
718:9615 wounded
712:
678:5th Division
657:
636:
575:
504:Pang Bingxun
449:
420:
415:Belligerents
353:Tai'erzhuang
328:Tai'erzhuang
312:Part of the
286:
268:
259:
251:
240:undue weight
237:
207:
198:
185:spinning off
178:
126:edit summary
117:
84:
76:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
3020:Xú, Lùméi.
2678:Bittersweet
2182:Ta Kung Pao
1802:Yu Xuezhong
1701:Bai Chongxi
1646:to capture
1538:), and the
1536:Lianyungang
1504:Taierzhuang
1175:Yenangyaung
1116:South Henan
1110:South Anhui
1051:Kunlun Pass
949:Taierzhuang
716:2369 killed
668:, 2nd Army
537:Bai Chongxi
390: /
378:117°43′51″E
81:in Japanese
3060:Categories
2203:References
2132:Han Fuju's
2130:Following
1846:Huai River
1806:Huai River
1736:Cheng Qian
1732:Yan Xishan
1705:Li Zongren
1603:to invade
1584:Xu Shiying
1550:Background
1268:West Hunan
1220:Mount Song
1202:West Hubei
1122:West Hubei
997:Wenxi fire
992:Wanjialing
841:Great Wall
493:Li Zongren
375:34°33′26″N
189:relocating
86:(May 2022)
39:improve it
2982:, pp 185
2930:April 24,
2902:ignored (
2892:cite book
2159:Aftermath
2104:hara kiri
2095:worn down
1984:Tang Enbo
1905:Northern
1886:Ju County
1818:Mingguang
1783:Mingguang
1770:Southern
1660:Qingcheng
1648:Tianchang
1215:Myitkyina
1195:1943–1945
1078:1940–1942
973:Chongqing
859:1937–1939
804:Jiangqiao
787:Manchuria
699:80+ tanks
693:divisions
559:Tang Enbo
526:Han Deqin
262:June 2022
201:June 2022
144:talk page
45:talk page
2882:24 April
2849:24 April
2812:24 April
2750:24 April
2722:24 April
2694:24 April
2666:24 April
2638:24 April
2610:24 April
2505:24 April
2480:24 April
2120:another.
2086:tear gas
1964:Wenshang
1926:Han Fuju
1838:Liao Lei
1830:Huaiyuan
1822:Dingyuan
1814:Huaiyuan
1796:Dingyuan
1763:Japanese
1749:Yangquan
1724:Sun Zhen
1720:Liao Lei
1684:War Area
1617:Shandong
1569:Hirohito
1561:Shanghai
1544:War Zone
1488:and the
1248:Hengyang
1128:Shanggao
1017:Nanchang
935:Massacre
686:Strength
548:Sun Zhen
357:Shandong
348:Location
120:provide
2996:Sources
2540:Memoirs
1956:Zouxian
1952:Yanzhou
1942:Mengyin
1930:Zhoucun
1866:Qingdao
1779:Nanjing
1744:Taiyuan
1716:Guangxi
1695:Chinese
1640:Jiangdu
1613:Jiangsu
1565:Nanjing
1532:Lanzhou
1526:), the
1520:Tianjin
1459:Chinese
1288:Taihoku
1281:Air War
1274:Guangxi
1236:Ichi-Go
1228:Changde
1170:Toungoo
1160:Tachiao
961:Lanfeng
929:Nanking
910:Taiyuan
851:Suiyuan
814:Jinzhou
576:†
365:Jiangsu
246:Please
142:to the
124:in the
83:.
3028:
3010:
2986:
2921:
2868:
2840:
2775:
2741:
2713:
2685:
2657:
2629:
2601:
2365:
2189:Hankou
2174:morale
1974:Battle
1960:Jining
1958:, and
1946:Sishui
1938:Tai'an
1826:Bengbu
1824:, and
1810:Bengbu
1690:Armies
1680:Xuzhou
1664:Jiyang
1512:Xuzhou
1474::
1472:pinyin
1461::
1165:Oktwin
1070:Wuyuan
1030:Swatow
1009:Hainan
1004:Canton
943:Xuzhou
921:Xinkou
875:Chahar
819:Harbin
792:Mukden
572:
456:
427:
403:Result
361:Pizhou
2806:(PDF)
2799:(PDF)
1934:Jinan
1918:Hebei
1882:Linyi
1842:Hefei
1644:Anhui
1621:Henan
1605:Wuhan
1524:Pukou
986:Wuhan
238:lend
104:DeepL
3026:ISBN
3008:ISBN
2984:ISBN
2932:2014
2919:ISBN
2904:help
2884:2014
2866:ISBN
2851:2014
2838:ISBN
2814:2014
2773:ISBN
2752:2014
2739:ISBN
2724:2014
2711:ISBN
2696:2014
2683:ISBN
2668:2014
2655:ISBN
2640:2014
2627:ISBN
2612:2014
2599:ISBN
2538:Li.
2507:2014
2482:2014
2363:ISBN
2006:and
1998:and
1812:and
1662:and
1619:and
1563:and
1453:The
968:Amoy
846:Rehe
338:Date
118:must
116:You
97:View
2000:4th
1996:3rd
1654:'s
1464:臺兒莊
359:),
187:or
106:or
3062::
2965:.
2896::
2894:}}
2890:{{
2548:^
2515:^
2429:^
2377:^
2343:^
2323:^
2303:^
2210:^
2195:.
2151:,
1954:,
1948:.
1832:.
1820:,
1787:明光
1753:阳泉
1686:.
1623:.
1615:,
1607:.
1546:.
1470:;
1467:會戰
48:.
3032:.
3014:.
2934:.
2906:)
2886:.
2853:.
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2781:.
2754:.
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2371:.
1785:(
1751:(
1534:-
1530:(
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1518:(
1457:(
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750:t
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51:(
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