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first wife
Fatimah (daughter of the Sultan of Tunis) and Aysa (daughter of the noble Abu Yahya ibn Yaqub). Other kinfolk of Abu Hasan were taken captive, including his sister Umalfat, his son Abu Umar Tasufin, and his nephew Alí. Many notables were killed in the battle or the rout, such as Abu Tabit ibn Fath Allah, Abu Muyahid Gazi ibn al-Ka's, and Muhammad ben Yahya ben Abi Bakr, also the famous writer from Granada, Abdullah ben Salmun, and the popular imam Ibn al-Khatib.
25:
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territory. When informed of their advance, Abu Hasan ordered the siege raised and his army took position on a hill between Tarifa and the sea. Yusuf I placed his army on an adjacent hill. On the 29th the
Christian army reached the Deer Hill (Hayar al-Ayyal), 8 km (5.0 mi) from Tarifa and barely 250 metres from the
2645:. At nine o'clock on the morning of 30 October 1340 they moved out of camp, leaving 2,000 raw militia to guard it. The strong Castilian vanguard was led by the Lara brothers, while the King himself rode in the main body. On the left were the missile troops from the Kingdom of León, led by Pedro Nuñez, and on the right
2663:
had left the Jara crossing uncontested, but he deployed strong forces along the Salado. The
Castilian vanguard met serious resistance; de Lara was unable to cross the shallow river, but the King's natural sons Fernando and Fadrique led an 800-knight detachment towards the right and captured a small
2536:
was formally established, with the help of Yusuf I. However the Sultan made a serious mistake: believing it would take many months for the
Castilians to rebuild a fleet, and in the hope of cutting down the enormous cost of maintaining his own fleet, Abu Hasan prematurely laid up most of his galleys
2592:; figures regarded as grossly inflated by the historian Joseph O'Callaghan. Another account put forth 53,000 knights and 600,000 infantry for the Moors. A third chronicler postulated 70,000 knights and 400,000 infantry for the Marinids and 7,000 knights and 700,000 infantry for Granada. Archbishop
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During the night, Alfonso XI had sent 1,000 horse and 4,000 foot troops to reinforce the Tarifa garrison, hoping to surprise the enemy rearguard during the battle; they had met only slight resistance by the 3,000 light cavalry covering the Salado and reached Tarifa without difficulty. However, the
2563:
Abu Hasan's position was now a difficult one, not only because the troops besieging Tarifa depended on supplies from
Morocco, but also the Kingdom of Granada needed them, their forces having launched a series of limited attacks all along the frontier to hold the Castilians at bay. On 10 October, a
2567:
Alfonso XI left
Seville on 15 October 1340 with a relief army, joining the King of Portugal the next day. They advanced to the line of the Guadalete River and there awaited further Castilian and Portuguese contingents. At last on 26 October the combined army, now 20,000-strong, crossed into enemy
2718:
The allied
Castilian and Portuguese pursuit against the Muslims was ruthless, ending at the Guadamecí River, 6 km from the battlefield, although many remained in the hills, sacking the Sultan's rich camp. Little mercy was shown here, and many of the Sultan's wives were killed, including his
2608:
The
Castilians mustered 8,000 knights and 12,000 infantry. The Portuguese brought 1,000 knights and Tarifa kept a garrison of 1,000 men, who took part in the battle. Alfonso sent 3,000 Castilian knights to help the 1,000 Portuguese knights attack Yusuf's 7,000 Granadan knights on the left. The
2596:
asserted a strength of 40,000 knights and 400,000 infantry for the combined Muslim force. The lowest figure is provided by
Rodrigo Yánez's account, claiming that Abu Hasan deployed 60,000 men and that transporting the force across the Straits of Gibraltar took four months. Yánez's estimate is
2711:, grabbed his reins and prevented it. The timely arrival of the Castilian rearguard balanced the situation, and when the forces which had been sacking the Sultan's camp advanced down the hill and engaged the enemy from the rear, Abu Hasan's surrounded army broke and fled towards Algeciras.
2576:
officer commanding the light cavalry informed Abu Hasan that not a single
Christian had managed to enter Tarifa during the night; whether he made his report in good faith, or in fear of admitting failure will never be known, but this misinformation had serious consequences the next day.
2455:
for help in maintaining his survival. The policies of the Kingdom of Fez vis-à-vis the Iberian Peninsula had changed upon the ascension to power of Hasan in 1331. During his rule the Marinids achieved their largest territorial expansion in Africa. Hasan sent a
2749:. The war with Granada continued for ten more years during which Alfonso XI made a few small territorial gains from the western part of Granada. Most importantly, the town of Algeciras, a valuable bridgehead held by the Marinids was finally retaken after a
2702:
Alfonso now found himself dangerously isolated, with the right wing at some distance and the vanguard attacking the enemy camp. Abu Hasan ordered a general attack and the Castilian King himself was about to engage in hand-to-hand combat when the
2714:
Meanwhile, the Portuguese military contingent had crossed the Río Salado, and when Pedro Nuñez reinforced them the whole Granada contingent broke and left the field. The battle took just three hours from 9 a.m. until noon.
2757:
from the King of Granada was frustrated, however Castile had to settle for isolation of the citadel from the rest of Muslim territory when peace was agreed in 1350, after the death of Alfonso XI in his camp during the
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2572:. Between them and their adversaries was a 4,500m long valley crossed by the streams of La Jara and El Salado. With supplies running low, Alfonso XI decided to attack the next day.
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severe storm wrecked 12 Castilian galleys, and the same day the Sultan launched an all-out assault against Tarifa, which was barely repulsed with heavy losses on both sides.
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Abu Hasan crossed the Gibraltar straits on 14 August 1340, and all through the summer troops and supplies were ferried across to the Peninsula. On 22 September the siege of
3572:
2646:
2601:, relying on an earlier text, also estimated 60,000 men as Abu Hasan's force. Granada had 7,000 knights and the Marinids may have mobilized up to 60,000 men. A Christian
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2521:, under Admiral Alfonso Jofre de Tenorio, in the straits. Al-Azafi surrounded and destroyed the Castilian fleet; Tenorio himself lost his life, 28 galleys and seven
2511:
and 250 other ships concentrated at Ceuta under command of Muhammad ibn Ali al-Azafi. They landed an army at Gibraltar, and on 8 April 1340 44 Muslim galleys and 35
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with 3,000 knights finally smashed through the enemy line and crossed too, riding hard up the hill where Abu Hasan's camp was clearly visible. The forces hidden in
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2476:. Back in Magreb, Abu Hasan amassed his biggest army to undertake an invasion of Castile with the intention of undoing the previous century's Christian advances.
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The council of war decided that the Castilian King would attack the Sultan's main army, while the Portuguese host, reinforced by 3,000 Castilians, would engage
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also attacked the Sultan's camp at the same time, and the troops defending it (about 3,000 horse and 8,000 foot) withdrew, half of them fleeing towards
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galleys led by commander Micer Gil Bocanegra. With the addition of 27 ships hastily completed at Seville, the Christian fleets appeared in force in the
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bridge, pushing back the 2,500 cavalry defending it. Alfonso reinforced them with 1,500 more knights and the Salado was successfully crossed.
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2472:, which he did after less than two months. They then conducted a limited campaign to reunite these territories to the realm of
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in 1344. This siege attracted volunteers from all over Europe due to extensive publicity. An attempt to recapture
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Both Abu Hasan and Yusuf reached Algeciras; the Sultan took refuge at Gibraltar, and that same night crossed to
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and the other half joining the main struggle in the valley, where the Sultan's army was still largely intact.
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probably fought for the Emir of Granada at the battle. One Marinid prince fought on the Castilian side.
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857:
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1970:
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872:
837:
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35:
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Castilian infantry consisted of municipal militias, stationed in the middle, and soldiers from
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Meanwhile, Alfonso XI had sought the aid of the King of Aragón and of his father-in-law, King
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commissioned by King Afonso IV of Portugal to celebrate the country’s victory at this battle
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2002:
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3263:(in Spanish). Granada: Patronato de la Alhambra: Instituto Hispano-Árabe de Cultura.
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with a cavalry corps. Reinforcing the Portuguese forces were the Military Orders of
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in early 1333. These set about helping the Granadan King to capture the Castilian
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in October, cutting off the supply routes between Morocco and the Peninsula.
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Sometimes cited in English as 'Battle of Salado', mirroring the Spanish
3221:
Las Grandes Batallas de la Reconquista durante las Invasiones Africanas
1659:
2734:
The Marinids had suffered a decisive defeat and moved back to Africa.
2584:
A Spanish contemporary chronicle estimated Abu Hasan's army at 40,000
2754:
2696:
2492:
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2745:
was now held by the Christians, specifically the Castilians and the
24:
3445:
2622:
2610:
2589:
1579:
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3255:
Rubiera Mata, María Jesús; al Hasan Alī ibn Muhammad, Abū (1982).
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3001:
2999:
2997:
2972:
2970:
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2896:
2821:
2819:
2642:
2602:
2517:
2487:. The Marinids had mobilised a vast army and, after crossing the
2424:
2049:
266:
2953:
2951:
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2924:
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2890:
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2855:
2817:
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2813:
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2807:
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2537:
and returned those of his allies, leaving only 12 at Algeciras.
2507:
During the winter of 1340, Abu Hasan gathered his fleet: 60 war
3490:
3358:
3287:
Al Qantir: Monofrafías y documentos sobre la Historia de Tarifa
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3162:
The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait
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2842:
2840:
2838:
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2834:
2525:
were captured and only 11 of his galleys managed to reach
2831:
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dismissed by O'Callaghan. The 17th century historian
2407:(30 October 1340) was a battle of the armies of King
3304:"El desarrollo de la batalla del Salado (año 1340)"
143:
Canvas of the battle by unknown 17th century author
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3256:
2544:. The latter sent a Portuguese naval fleet led by
2737:Never again was a Muslim army able to invade the
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2552:, and additionally paid for the services of 15
2633:and were located next to Afonso IV's knights.
2617:territories, who were armed and equipped with
332:
3342:
2380:
318:
2515:met the Castilian fleet of 44 galleys and 7
2495:, proceeded inland to the Salado River near
3403:Festival de Cine Africano de Tarifa de 2011
3259:Ibn al-ŷayyāb, el otro poeta de la Alhambra
3204:(in Portuguese). Oporto: Caminhos Romanos.
3356:
3349:
3335:
2387:
2373:
325:
311:
3223:(in Spanish). Granada: Univ. of Granada.
3182:
2846:
2762:. Gibraltar was not captured until 1492.
2479:This invasion was a final attempt by the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
3782:Battles involving the Emirate of Granada
2666:
3797:Battles involving the Marinid Sultanate
3754:
2116:Revolution and Asturian miners' strike
3330:
306:
3168:: University of Pennsylvania Press.
2502:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
3278:Segura González, Wenceslao (2005).
3200:Azeredo, António Carlos de (2007).
2491:and defeating a Christian fleet at
2265:Catalan declaration of independence
13:
3512:Paraje natural playa de los Lances
3280:"La batalla del Salado (año 1340)"
3192:
2579:
14:
3828:
3219:Huici Miranda, Ambrosio (2000) .
2499:, where they met the Christians.
2709:Gil Álvarez Carrillo de Albornoz
2460:and 5,000 troops that landed at
2352:
2338:
1505:
137:
23:
3671:Provincia marítima de Algeciras
3187:. Vol. I. Clarendon Press.
3185:The Spanish Kingdoms, 1250–1516
3160:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011).
2058:Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
34:needs additional citations for
2772:
2483:to set up a power base in the
2449:Muhammed IV, Sultan of Granada
254:Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena
1:
3807:Military history of Andalusia
2789:
1757:War of the Spanish Succession
2729:
1717:Colonisation of the Americas
206:Castilian–Portuguese victory
7:
2434:
1394:Post-Reconquista Rebellions
10:
3833:
3802:Battles of the Reconquista
3787:Battles involving Portugal
3772:14th century in al-Andalus
3666:Necrópolis de Los Algarbes
3373:Necrópolis de Los Algarbes
3242:. Basingstoke: MacMillan.
3166:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
3153:
2255:2008–2014 financial crisis
3792:Battles involving Castile
3683:
3633:
3607:
3581:
3555:
3504:
3433:
3426:
3365:
3183:Hillgarth, J. N. (1976).
2636:
2599:Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari
2187:Spain during World War II
2018:Regency of María Cristina
1886:Regency of María Cristina
499:2nd San Esteban de Gormaz
494:1st San Esteban de Gormaz
345:
272:
258:Garci Lasso de la Vega II
239:
214:
147:
136:
128:
123:
3817:14th century in Portugal
3289:(in Spanish) (3): 1–32.
3240:Spain in the Middle Ages
2765:
2415:against those of Sultan
2242:1981 coup d'état attempt
2042:Spain during World War I
1621:Kingdom of the Visigoths
288:1,000 in Tarifa garrison
3812:14th century in Castile
3701:Faro de Punta de Tarifa
2529:. Five reached Tarifa.
2226:Transition to democracy
3547:Playa de Valdevaqueros
3398:Escopeteros de Getares
3383:Alonso Pérez de Guzmán
3238:MacKay, Angus (1977).
2680:
2260:2017 Barcelona attacks
2092:Provisional Government
1963:Provisional Government
1836:Absolutist restoration
1788:Abdications of Bayonne
240:Commanders and leaders
58:"Battle of Río Salado"
3537:Playa de los Alemanes
2670:
2647:Alvar Pérez de Guzmán
2542:Afonso IV of Portugal
2441:Alfonso XI of Castile
2413:Alfonso XI of Castile
2409:Afonso IV of Portugal
2247:Madrid train bombings
2124:1936 general election
2026:Reign of Alfonso XIII
1812:Constitution of Cádiz
489:Pallars and Ribagorza
250:Afonso IV of Portugal
246:Alfonso XI of Castile
3716:Iglesia de San Mateo
3408:Marquesado de Tarifa
3388:Battle of Río Salado
2916:Segura González 2010
2743:Straits of Gibraltar
2705:Archbishop of Toledo
2401:Battle of Río Salado
2273:Coronavirus pandemic
2234:Current constitution
2219:Contemporary history
2034:Spanish–American War
2010:Reign of Alfonso XII
1902:Regency of Espartero
1879:Reign of Isabella II
1765:Nueva Planta Decrees
1613:Kingdom of the Suebi
1376:2nd Granada campaign
773:2nd Balearic Islands
748:1st Balearic Islands
187:36.04500°N 5.61500°W
124:Battle of Río Salado
43:improve this article
16:1340 battle in Spain
3736:Torre de Guadalmesí
3661:Isla de Las Palomas
3542:Playa de Los Lances
3532:Playa de El Cañuelo
3527:Playa de Atlanterra
3037:, pp. 175–176.
2991:, pp. 174–175.
2550:Admiral of Portugal
2489:Strait of Gibraltar
2148:Nationalist victory
2069:of Dámaso Berenguer
1955:Sexenio Democrático
1938:Glorious Revolution
1844:Sexenio Absolutista
1694:Early modern period
1593:Diocese of Hispania
1055:Las Navas de Tolosa
225:Kingdom of Portugal
183: /
164:Salado River, near
3731:Tarifa Kite School
3615:Laguna de La Janda
3573:Sierra de la Plata
3434:Towns and villages
2780:Batalla del Salado
2685:Juan Núñez de Lara
2681:
2443:'s victory in the
2403:also known as the
2359:History portal
1929:Bienio progresista
1920:Second Carlist War
1820:Treaty of Valençay
1678:Christian kingdoms
1549:Carthaginian Spain
1524:Prehistoric Iberia
1249:Shepherds' Crusade
1060:3rd Alcácer do Sal
1023:2nd Alcácer do Sal
933:1st Alcácer do Sal
422:2nd Roncevaux Pass
360:1st Roncevaux Pass
234:Emirate of Granada
192:36.04500; -5.61500
3777:Conflicts in 1340
3749:
3748:
3679:
3678:
3563:Sierra de Enmedio
3393:Condado de Tarifa
3211:978-989-95232-3-4
2741:. Control of the
2739:Iberian Peninsula
2689:Order of Santiago
2687:and the Military
2503:Preliminary moves
2485:Iberian Peninsula
2453:Abu al-Hasan 'Ali
2417:Abu al-Hasan 'Ali
2397:
2396:
2314:Religious history
2003:Restoration Spain
1979:Third Carlist War
1971:Reign of Amadeo I
1894:First Carlist War
1701:Catholic Monarchs
1606:Early Middle Ages
1544:Pre-Roman peoples
1478:
1477:
656:Almodóvar del Río
301:
300:
263:Abu al-Hasan 'Ali
230:Marinid Sultanate
210:
209:
119:
118:
111:
93:
3824:
3741:Torre de la Peña
3696:Castle of Tarifa
3641:Cantón de Tarifa
3608:Rivers and lakes
3517:Playa de Bolonia
3431:
3430:
3357:Municipality of
3351:
3344:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3308:
3302:— (2010).
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3284:
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3251:
3234:
3215:
3188:
3179:
3147:
3144:O'Callaghan 2011
3141:
3135:
3132:O'Callaghan 2011
3129:
3123:
3120:O'Callaghan 2011
3117:
3111:
3108:O'Callaghan 2011
3105:
3086:
3083:O'Callaghan 2011
3080:
3067:
3064:O'Callaghan 2011
3061:
3050:
3047:O'Callaghan 2011
3044:
3038:
3035:O'Callaghan 2011
3032:
3026:
3023:O'Callaghan 2011
3020:
3011:
3008:O'Callaghan 2011
3005:
2992:
2989:O'Callaghan 2011
2986:
2980:
2977:O'Callaghan 2011
2974:
2961:
2958:O'Callaghan 2011
2955:
2946:
2943:O'Callaghan 2011
2940:
2934:
2931:O'Callaghan 2011
2928:
2919:
2913:
2904:
2901:O'Callaghan 2011
2898:
2871:
2868:O'Callaghan 2011
2865:
2850:
2844:
2829:
2826:O'Callaghan 2011
2823:
2783:
2776:
2675:, a monument in
2673:Padrão do Salado
2405:Battle of Tarifa
2389:
2382:
2375:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2345:Spain portal
2343:
2342:
2341:
2309:Military history
2294:Economic history
2277:
2269:
2251:
2238:
2230:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2179:Republican exile
2175:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2132:1936 coup d'état
2128:
2120:
2112:
2104:
2096:
2073:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2030:
2022:
2014:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1942:
1934:
1924:
1916:
1906:
1898:
1890:
1867:
1859:
1849:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1796:Napoleonic Spain
1792:
1769:
1761:
1753:
1745:
1737:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1705:
1682:
1674:
1664:
1656:
1633:
1629:Byzantine Spania
1625:
1617:
1584:
1583:(218 BCE–472 CE)
1576:
1553:
1509:
1499:
1481:
1480:
340:
327:
320:
313:
304:
303:
221:Crown of Castile
198:
197:
195:
194:
193:
188:
184:
181:
180:
179:
176:
149:
148:
141:
121:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3711:Hurricane Hotel
3675:
3656:Duna de Bolonia
3629:
3603:
3599:Punta de Tarifa
3589:Punta Camarinal
3577:
3568:Sierra de Fates
3551:
3500:
3422:
3418:Siege of Tarifa
3361:
3355:
3325:
3306:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3254:
3237:
3231:
3218:
3212:
3199:
3195:
3193:Further reading
3176:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3114:
3106:
3089:
3081:
3070:
3062:
3053:
3045:
3041:
3033:
3029:
3021:
3014:
3006:
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2987:
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2949:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2907:
2899:
2874:
2866:
2853:
2845:
2832:
2824:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2732:
2683:In the center,
2639:
2594:Gil de Albornoz
2582:
2580:Opposing forces
2546:Manuel Pessanha
2505:
2437:
2421:Marinid dynasty
2393:
2364:
2353:
2351:
2339:
2337:
2319:
2318:
2299:Law enforcement
2289:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2267:
2249:
2236:
2228:
2221:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2203:Basque conflict
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2166:
2164:Francoist Spain
2156:
2155:
2150:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2108:Second Biennium
2102:
2094:
2087:
2085:Second Republic
2077:
2076:
2071:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2005:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1958:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1932:
1922:
1914:
1911:Década moderada
1904:
1896:
1888:
1881:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1857:
1854:Trienio Liberal
1847:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1804:Cortes of Cádiz
1798:
1790:
1783:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1696:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1662:
1654:
1652:Muslim conquest
1647:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1608:
1598:
1597:
1582:
1574:
1567:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1539:
1529:
1528:
1519:
1497:
1490:
1479:
1474:
1409:
1361:Los Alporchones
1244:Vega de Granada
341:
334:Battles in the
333:
331:
296:
294:
287:
285:
284:12,000 infantry
283:
281:
265:
256:
252:
248:
232:
223:
191:
189:
185:
182:
177:
174:
172:
170:
169:
168:
155:30 October 1340
142:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3830:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3767:1340 in Europe
3764:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3721:Port of Tarifa
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3646:Cueva del Moro
3643:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3476:Pedro Valiente
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3354:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3331:
3324:
3323:
3299:
3275:
3269:
3252:
3235:
3229:
3216:
3210:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3180:
3175:978-0812223026
3174:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:, p. 216.
3136:
3134:, p. 198.
3124:
3122:, p. 189.
3112:
3110:, p. 182.
3087:
3085:, p. 180.
3068:
3066:, p. 183.
3051:
3049:, p. 176.
3039:
3027:
3025:, p. 173.
3012:
3010:, p. 175.
2993:
2981:
2979:, p. 172.
2962:
2960:, p. 174.
2947:
2945:, p. 167.
2935:
2933:, p. 162.
2920:
2905:
2903:, p. 177.
2872:
2870:, p. 188.
2851:
2849:, p. 342.
2847:Hillgarth 1976
2830:
2828:, p. 187.
2794:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2751:two-year siege
2731:
2728:
2638:
2635:
2581:
2578:
2504:
2501:
2436:
2433:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
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2377:
2369:
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2363:
2362:
2348:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:(2020–present)
2270:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2244:
2239:
2231:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2171:Spanish Maquis
2167:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2129:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2100:First Biennium
2097:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1987:First Republic
1984:
1976:
1968:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1935:
1925:
1917:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1863:Ominous Decade
1860:
1850:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1817:
1809:
1801:
1793:
1784:
1781:Peninsular War
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1746:
1738:
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1626:
1618:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1577:
1572:Roman Conquest
1568:
1565:Roman Hispania
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1546:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
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1442:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1405:2nd Alpujarras
1402:
1400:1st Alpujarras
1396:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1389:
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1383:
1373:
1368:
1363:
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1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1269:Vega de Pagana
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1167:Mudéjar revolt
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1075:Aragonese raid
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
963:Central Iberia
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
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880:
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870:
865:
860:
855:
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845:
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835:
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820:
815:
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800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
723:Norwegian raid
720:
715:
710:
705:
699:
698:
694:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
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628:
623:
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613:
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603:
598:
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588:
583:
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573:
568:
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547:
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541:
536:
531:
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516:
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481:
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409:
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387:
382:
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372:
367:
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350:
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329:
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315:
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275:
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199:
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145:
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133:
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125:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3829:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
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3790:
3788:
3785:
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3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3706:Hotel Misiana
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3691:Baelo Claudia
3689:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:Cueva del Sol
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
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3610:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
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3574:
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3569:
3566:
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3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3496:Valdevaqueros
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
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3449:
3447:
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3442:
3439:
3438:
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3432:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3378:Baelo Claudia
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3352:
3347:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3145:
3140:
3133:
3128:
3121:
3116:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3048:
3043:
3036:
3031:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3009:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2944:
2939:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2917:
2912:
2910:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2795:
2781:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2727:
2726:in a galley.
2725:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2656:
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2595:
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2551:
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2528:
2524:
2520:
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2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2445:Teba campaign
2442:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2378:
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2368:
2367:
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2349:
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2328:
2327:
2323:
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2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2274:
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2195:Blue Division
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1741:Iberian Union
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1552:(575–206 BCE)
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1537:Early history
1533:
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1371:9th Gibraltar
1369:
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1366:8th Gibraltar
1364:
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1357:
1356:7th Gibraltar
1354:
1352:
1351:La Higueruela
1349:
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1346:6th Gibraltar
1344:
1342:
1339:
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1319:5th Algeciras
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1300:
1299:5th Gibraltar
1297:
1295:
1294:4th Algeciras
1292:
1290:
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1264:4th Gibraltar
1262:
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1259:3rd Gibraltar
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1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1239:2nd Gibraltar
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1230:
1229:3rd Algeciras
1227:
1225:
1224:1st Gibraltar
1222:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1210:
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1205:
1203:
1202:2nd Algeciras
1200:
1198:
1197:1st Algeciras
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619:
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611:Piedra Pisada
609:
607:
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602:
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592:
589:
587:
584:
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579:
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571:Aqbat al-Bakr
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
544:
543:
540:
539:3rd Barcelona
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
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512:
510:
507:
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504:Valdejunquera
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
479:Day of Zamora
477:
476:
472:
471:
468:
467:2nd Barcelona
465:
463:
462:2nd Cellorigo
460:
458:
457:1st Cellorigo
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
442:Monte Laturce
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
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415:
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410:
408:
407:1st Barcelona
405:
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347:
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339:
338:
328:
323:
321:
316:
314:
309:
308:
305:
297:7,000 knights
293:
290:
286:1,000 knights
282:8,000 knights
280:
277:
276:
271:
268:
264:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
244:
243:
238:
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113:
110:
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91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3625:Salado River
3594:Punta Paloma
3461:El Lentiscal
3451:El Chaparral
3413:Radio Tarifa
3387:
3310:
3286:
3258:
3239:
3220:
3201:
3184:
3161:
3139:
3127:
3115:
3042:
3030:
2984:
2938:
2918:, p. 6.
2779:
2774:
2760:Great Plague
2736:
2733:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2701:
2682:
2659:
2640:
2607:
2588:and 400,000
2583:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2539:
2531:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2478:
2438:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2350:
2336:
2324:
2304:LGBT history
2066:
1953:
1927:
1909:
1852:
1842:
1668:
1588:Romanization
1575:(206–27 BCE)
1412:North Africa
1330:15th century
1278:
1218:14th century
1122:4th Valencia
1044:13th century
998:4th Santarém
958:3rd Santarém
898:2nd Santarém
818:3rd Valencia
788:2nd Zaragoza
768:1st Santarém
703:2nd Valencia
697:12th century
661:1st Valencia
626:1st Zaragoza
545:11th century
529:Torrevicente
473:10th century
370:Orbieu River
365:Burbia River
335:
291:
278:
215:Belligerents
129:Part of the
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3522:Playa Chica
3471:Paloma Baja
3313:(9): 1–29.
2458:naval fleet
2229:(1975–1978)
2206:(1959–2011)
2198:(1941–1944)
2190:(1939–1945)
2182:(1939–1977)
2174:(1939–1965)
2143:(1936–1939)
2111:(1933–1936)
2103:(1931–1933)
2072:(1930–1931)
2067:Dictablanda
2061:(1923–1930)
2045:(1914–1918)
2029:(1886–1931)
2021:(1885–1902)
2013:(1874–1885)
1990:(1873–1874)
1982:(1872–1876)
1974:(1870–1873)
1966:(1868–1871)
1933:(1854–1856)
1923:(1846–1849)
1915:(1844–1854)
1905:(1840–1843)
1897:(1833–1840)
1889:(1833–1840)
1866:(1823–1833)
1858:(1820–1823)
1848:(1814–1820)
1807:(1810–1814)
1799:(1808–1813)
1768:(1707–1716)
1760:(1701–1714)
1752:(1700–1808)
1744:(1580–1640)
1736:(1556–1659)
1728:(1516–1700)
1720:(1492–1898)
1712:(1482–1492)
1709:Granada War
1704:(1479–1516)
1669:Reconquista
1645:Middle Ages
1496:History of
1470:2nd Tangier
1455:1st Tangier
1314:2nd Montiel
1234:3rd Almería
1152:3rd Seville
1080:2nd Majorca
983:2nd Seville
948:2nd Badajoz
928:2nd Almería
918:2nd Tortosa
888:1st Almería
873:1st Montiel
828:1st Badajoz
803:1st Granada
556:Calatañazor
484:1st Majorca
437:Guadalacete
412:1st Tortosa
401:9th century
349:8th century
337:Reconquista
190: /
131:Reconquista
3756:Categories
3620:Río Cachón
3456:El Cuartón
3270:8485622162
3230:843382659X
2790:References
1733:Golden Age
1681:(718–1479)
1673:(711–1492)
1663:(711–1492)
1660:Al-Andalus
1517:Prehistory
1336:Collejares
1324:2nd Murcia
1289:Guadalmesí
1279:Río Salado
1177:1st Murcia
1137:2nd Xàtiva
1132:1st Xàtiva
1028:2nd Silves
1013:2nd Silves
1008:1st Silves
923:2nd Lleida
908:5th Lisbon
868:4th Lisbon
798:1st Lleida
758:Candespina
753:6th Toledo
738:Formentera
728:3rd Lisbon
708:Mollerussa
691:5th Toledo
686:4th Toledo
666:2nd Lisbon
651:3rd Toledo
621:2nd Toledo
509:1st Toledo
452:Polvoraria
395:1st Lisbon
385:Río Quirós
380:Las Babias
178:05°36′54″W
175:36°02′42″N
99:April 2018
69:newspapers
3726:Al Qantir
3684:Landmarks
3556:Mountains
3486:Tahivilla
3427:Geography
3319:2171-5858
3311:Al Qantir
3295:2171-5858
3248:642077471
3202:Guimarães
2755:Gibraltar
2730:Aftermath
2697:Algeciras
2677:Guimarães
2661:Abu Hasan
2655:Calatrava
2651:Alcántara
2623:crossbows
2527:Cartagena
2493:Gibraltar
2470:Gibraltar
2462:Algeciras
2447:of 1330,
2411:and King
2140:Civil War
1725:Habsburgs
1655:(711–716)
1632:(552–624)
1624:(418–721)
1616:(409–585)
1450:4nd Ceuta
1440:3nd Ceuta
1433:2nd Ceuta
1428:1st Ceuta
1341:Antequera
1192:Andalusia
1172:3rd Jerez
1162:2nd Jerez
1097:1st Jerez
1070:Peníscola
1038:Talamanca
993:2nd Évora
978:Calatrava
968:Tarragona
953:Juromenha
943:1st Évora
893:Al-Ludjdj
863:2nd Coria
843:1st Coria
778:Martorell
763:Vatalandi
681:Consuegra
601:Golpejera
586:Barbastro
524:Estercuel
355:Covadonga
3446:El Bujeo
2613:and the
2611:Asturias
2590:infantry
2481:Marinids
2451:sent to
2435:Campaign
2326:Timeline
1749:Bourbons
1580:Hispania
1487:a series
1485:Part of
1284:Estepona
1212:Iznalloz
1147:3rd Jaén
1107:Burriana
1092:2nd Jaén
1065:1st Jaén
1050:Al-Dāmūs
988:Abrantes
883:Albacete
858:Trancoso
733:Talavera
713:Balaguer
631:Sagrajas
596:Llantada
519:Simancas
514:Alhandic
447:Morcuera
417:Pancorbo
273:Strength
160:Location
3505:Beaches
3481:La Peña
3466:Facinas
3441:Bolonia
3366:History
3154:Sources
2747:Genoese
2643:Yusuf I
2631:shields
2627:helmets
2603:militia
2586:knights
2558:Straits
2554:Genoese
2509:galleys
2474:Granada
2466:outpost
2429:Granada
2425:Yusuf I
2419:of the
2053:(–1927)
2050:Rif War
1465:Melilla
1445:Tétouan
1304:Linuesa
1274:Getares
1127:Algarve
1117:El Puig
1112:Córdoba
1085:Portopí
1033:Alarcos
938:Palmela
913:Sacavém
903:Sacavém
848:Ourique
808:Corbins
793:Cutanda
783:Coimbra
671:Alcoraz
616:Morella
591:Paterna
581:Coimbra
551:Cervera
432:Albelda
427:Clavijo
292:67,000
279:22,000
267:Yusuf I
83:scholar
3762:Tarifa
3582:Points
3491:Tarifa
3359:Tarifa
3317:
3293:
3267:
3246:
3227:
3208:
3172:
2693:Tarifa
2637:Battle
2629:, and
2619:lances
2615:Basque
2534:Tarifa
2497:Tarifa
2439:After
2268:(2017)
2250:(2004)
2237:(1978)
2151:(1939)
2135:(1936)
2127:(1936)
2119:(1934)
2095:(1931)
2037:(1898)
1941:(1868)
1823:(1813)
1815:(1812)
1791:(1808)
1489:on the
1460:Asilah
1423:Strait
1386:Málaga
1381:Lucena
1309:Guadix
1207:Moclín
1187:Martos
973:Cuenca
838:Leiria
813:Alcalá
676:Bairén
636:Tudela
566:Albesa
390:Oviedo
295:60,000
203:Result
166:Tarifa
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3634:Other
3307:(PDF)
3283:(PDF)
2766:Notes
2724:Ceuta
2570:beach
2513:leños
2288:Topic
1498:Spain
1182:Écija
1018:Tomar
1003:Alvor
878:Soure
853:Oreja
833:Fraga
823:Aceca
743:Ibiza
718:Uclés
646:Aledo
641:Tévar
606:Cabra
576:Graus
534:Rueda
375:Lutos
90:JSTOR
76:books
3315:ISSN
3291:ISSN
3265:ISBN
3244:OCLC
3225:ISBN
3206:ISBN
3170:ISBN
2671:The
2653:and
2523:naos
2518:naos
2423:and
2399:The
1418:Salé
1254:Teba
1157:Faro
1142:Biar
1102:Ares
561:Torà
152:Date
62:news
2468:of
2427:of
45:by
3758::
3309:.
3285:.
3164:.
3090:^
3071:^
3054:^
3015:^
2996:^
2965:^
2950:^
2923:^
2908:^
2875:^
2854:^
2833:^
2798:^
2707:,
2657:.
2625:,
2621:,
2548:,
2431:.
3350:e
3343:t
3336:v
3321:.
3297:.
3273:.
3250:.
3233:.
3214:.
3178:.
2782:.
2388:e
2381:t
2374:v
326:e
319:t
312:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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