585:. On 28 November, instead of launching another infantry assault, the fort was encircled from all sides and placed under siege. This prevented Nepalese reinforcements from entering the fort. Mawbey then instructed his gunners, by now strongly reinforced, to fire into the fort. He also sent scouts to locate and cut off the fort's external water source. The water situation was made worse for the defenders when about a hundred earthen vessels stocked with water, stored in a portico, were destroyed in the bombardment. The eastern and northern walls of the fort were razed to the ground. The continuous bombardment also caused three of the four cannons installed on the fort's battlements to fall outside the fort, while the other fell inside. The other cannons that the Nepalese possessed were unusable, having either been disabled by misfiring during previous attacks, or because they had been buried under rubble in the British bombardment. Left without any cannons to reply, the garrison suffered heavy casualties. They continued to resist using gunfire and stones, but eventually the few people that remained in the fort became desperate and could not hold on any longer. That night, despite threats to their person and property, desertion became rampant.
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pledge to fight to the last. Eighty-four soldiers signed. However, that night the
Mleccha Kalanala Company, which had arrived as reinforcements and was stationed at a portico east of Nalapani, secretly abandoned their post, taking with them their arms and colours. Seeing this, some of the men who had signed the pledge followed. The 50 or 60 men that remained, overcome by the hopelessness of the situation, felt that instead of confronting certain death by remaining in the fort, it was better to escape to the hills and hold their position there. Perhaps unable to convince their commanders with words, the escaping men caught hold of their Captain and other officers by their arms, and dragged them away from the fort. Learning of this new movement, the British renewed their fire; but the Nepalese managed to cut through and make a successful escape.
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November and for three days the fort was bombarded until, at noon on 27 November, a large section of northern wall finally gave away. The
British forces, seeing their opportunity, twice tried to charge into the breach that day, but were repelled and pinned to an exposed position just outside the wall. An attempt was then made to fire one of the light guns into the breach to provide obscuration with gun smoke to cover a further attack, but that too proved unsuccessful. The day ended with the British assault force withdrawing after spending two hours pinned outside the wall, exposed to heavy fire from the garrison, and having suffered significant losses. British casualties for the day amounted to 37 dead and over 443 wounded.
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second, under
Captain Fast, was 363 strong; the third, under Major Kelly, was made up of 541 men; the fourth, under Captain Campbell, had 283 men; while 939 men made up the reserve, under Major Ludlow. It was intended for these columns to ascend from different points, at a signal made through the guns firing in a specific manner, and thus attack the Nepalese from different sides. In doing so, the British hoped to divert the attention of the Nepalese and prevent them from concentrating their fire on any one point, allowing the attackers to gain an advantage.
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out for water, of which they had not tasted for days. The stench from the place was dreadful; many of the bodies of those that had been early killed had been insufficiently interred: and our officers found in the ruins the remains and the clothes of several thus incompletely covered, starting into view. One chief was thus found out, who had fallen in the first attempt, and had received this wretched semisepulture. The bodies of several woman, killed by shot or shells, were discovered; and even children mangled, and yet alive, by the same ruthless engines."
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371:, the Earl of Moira, the long-standing diplomatic disputes between British India and the Kingdom of Nepal, caused by expansionist policies of both parties, descended into open hostility. The British East India Company sought to invade Nepal not just to secure the border and to force the Nepali government to open trading routes to Tibet, but also for what Hastings saw as a geo-political necessity to secure the foothold of the Company in the Indian sub-continent.
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slaughtered comrades, the sufferings of their women and children thus immured with themselves, and the hopelessness of relief, which destroyed any other motive for their obstinate defence they made, than that resulting from a high sense of duty, supported by unsubdued courage. This, and a generous spirit of courtesy towards their enemy, certainly marked the character of the garrison of
Kalunga, during the period of its siege.
564:, he reached a spot within 30 yards (27 m) of the wicket, where, "as he was cheering the men, waving his hat in one hand, and his sword in the other," a Nepalese marksman shot him "through the heart, and he fell dead on the spot." The General's death forced the British to temporarily cease their attack and withdraw. Total British casualties for the day were 32 dead and 228 wounded, some of whom subsequently died.
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south, where the town of
Kalanga was located. The fort was constructed in an irregular shape, having been built to conform with the shape of the ground upon which it was situated, and at the time the British entered the Dun Valley, its walls had not been finished. Upon their arrival, the British found the Nepalese defenders working to improve the fort's defences and raising the height of the walls.
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the
Nepalese defence army at Dehradun, heard of the approach of the British Army and its size, he realised that it would be impossible to defend the city. He withdrew from Dehradun and moved his force of about 600, including dependents, to a hill north-east of the city. He subsequently took up a position in the small fort of Nalapani, Khalanga. His force was ethnically diverse, consisting of
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718:"The use of English terms for their grades of command was common in the Gurkha army, but the powers of the different ranks did not correspond with those of the British system. The title of general was assumed by Bhimsen Thapa, as commander-in-chief, and enjoyed by himself alone; of colonels there were three or four only; all principal officers of the court, commanding more than one
332:, was in charge of the attacking British troops. Gillespie was killed on the first day of the siege while rallying his men. Despite considerable odds, both in terms of numbers and firepower, Balbhadra and his 600-strong garrison successfully held out against more than 5,000 British troops for over a month.
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as warriors, and won the admiration of the
British. Gillespie had been killed and Balbhadra and his 600 men had held the might of the British and their native Indian troops for a month. Even with only 70 remaining survivors after his water source had been cut off, Balbhadra had refused to surrender,
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While the batteries were playing, a man was perceived on the breach, advancing and waving his hand. The guns ceased firing for a while, and the man came into the batteries: he proved to be a
Ghoorkha, whose lower jaw had been shattered by a cannon shot, and who came thus frankly to solicit assistance
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During the fighting, the
British were impressed by the conduct of the Nepalese soldiers during the battle who, according to British accounts, exhibited fair conduct towards them. This endeared them to the British, who were willing to reciprocate by giving medical aid to wounded and captured Nepalese.
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Of the four
British divisions mentioned above, Gillespie's was the first to penetrate the enemy's frontier. The Nepalese had anticipated that Dehra Dun would be the first place of assault, and had tasked Captain Balbhadra Kunwar with the fortification of the place. When Balbhadra Kunwar, commander of
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It is unnecessary to add, that it was instantly afforded. He recovered; and, when discharged from the hospital, signified his desired to return to his corps to combat us again: exhibiting thus, through the whole, a strong sense of the value of generosity and courtesy in warfare, and also of his duty
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By the following day, 29 November, the garrison's water supply had been exhausted. The walls of the fort had also collapsed and the garrison was exposed, leading to further casualties amongst the Nepali troops. Seeing the disheartened state of men, the Captain and other officers asked them to sign a
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Fraser describes the interior of the fort in more graphic terms: "The whole area of the fort was a slaughter-house, strewed with the bodies of the dead and the wounded, and the dissevered limbs of those who had been torn to pieces by the bursting of the shells; those who yet lived piteously calling
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Whatever the nature of the Ghoorkhas may have been found in other quarters, there was here no cruelty to wounded or to prisoners; no poisoned arrows were used; no wells or waters were poisoned; no rancorous spirit of revenge seemed to animate them: they fought us in fair conflict, like men; and, in
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After two costly and unsuccessful attempts to seize the fort by direct attack, the British changed their approach and sought to force the garrison to surrender by cutting off the fort's external water supply. Having suffered three days of thirst, on the last day of the siege, Balbhadra, refusing to
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of Bal Bhadra's cannons that were positioned along a large part the wall. The garrison maintained a heavy bombardment from the walls, and heavy showers of arrows and of stones rained down on the assailants. Women inside the fort also threw missiles, exposing themselves to British fire. Gillespie's
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In the years following the battle, the British constructed two small obelisks that still stand in Nalapani. One was laid in honour of Gillespie, while another was dedicated with the inscription "Our brave adversary Bul Buddur and his gallant men". In Nepal, the story of the battle at Nalapani has
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A letter was sent by the British to Balbhadra, summoning him to surrender the fort. Upon receiving the note, Balbhadra tore it up. The letter having been delivered to him at midnight, he observed that "it was not customary to receive or answer letters at such unseasonable hours". Nevertheless, he
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Neither Prinsep nor Fraser record the number of men who subsequently died of their wounds in any of the attacks. Given that the fighting took place during the pre-antiseptic era of medicine, it is likely that the number of men who succumbed to their wounds after the battle was high. When this is
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The Nalapani fort was situated on a 500–600-foot (150–180 m) hill that was covered in dense jungle. The approach to the fort was very steep in most directions and the top of the hill, which formed a tabletop feature, was about .75 miles (1.21 km) in length. Its highest point was to the
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Thus, after days of thirst and continuous bombardment, the Nepalese were forced to evacuate the fort on 30 November. Bal Bhadra refused to surrender and with about 70 of his surviving men he was able to fight his way through the besieging force and escape into the hills. When the British troops
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Not having expected such a determined resistance from the Nepalese, Colonel Sebright Mawbey, who was next in command of the British troops at Nalapani, retired to Dehra until 24 November so that heavy guns could arrive from Delhi. After the reinforcements had arrived, the fighting resumed on 25
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The first British attack on Nalapani took place on 31 October, a day before the official declaration of war. Gillespie planned to storm the fort from four sides. The storming party was formed into four columns, support by a reserve: the first, under Colonel Carpenter, consisted of 611 men; the
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By the time the first attack took place, the walls of the fort still had not been finished, although they had been raised slightly. As a result of the hasty construction work, even at the wall's lowest part, it was high enough that the attacking force would need ladders to reach the top of the
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The determined resolution of the small party which held this small post for more than a month, against so comparatively large a force, must surely wring admiration from every voice, especially when the horrors of the latter portion of this time are considered; the dismal spectacle of their
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belonging to the Purano Gorakh Battalion and soldiers that had been recruited from Garhwal and nearby areas. On 22 October, before the British declaration of war on 1 November 1814, Gillespie seized the Keree Pass leading into the Dun Valley. He then proceeded to Dehra unchallenged.
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gained a legendary status and has become an important part of the nation's historical narrative, while Balbhadra himself has become a national hero. The fighting spirit displayed by the Nepalese in this and other following battles of Anglo-Nepalese War ultimately led to the
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surrender, led the 70 surviving members of the garrison in a charge against the besieging force. Fighting their way out of the fort, the survivors escaped into the nearby hills. Considering the time, effort, and resources spent to capture the small fort, it was a
691:. In the drama, the patriotism of a Nepalese soldier is depicted when, after being wounded, the soldier seeks help from the British camp. Later he is grateful for the humanitarian assistance provided by the British but refuses an offer to defect to their army.
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The confidence the Nepalese exhibited in the British officers was significant: they not only accepted, but also solicited surgical aid, even while continuing to fight. This gave rise, on one occasion, to a scene, which was recounted by the Scottish traveller
531:, and four six-pounders were carried up the hill on elephants. The British secured the table-land without any Nepalese resistance and the gun batteries were ready to open fire on the fort on the morning of 31 October, at a distance of 600 yards (550 m).
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The battle also had significant political repercussions, shaking the British army's confidence. The fact that the siege had taken so long exposed the British forces' vulnerabilities and encouraged the native Indian states – in particular the old
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to his country, – separating completely in his own mind private and national feelings from each other, – and his frank confidence in the individuals of our nation, from the duty he owed his own, to fight against us collectively.
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entered the fort, it was found, as Prinsep writes, in a "shocking state, full of the remains of men and women killed by the shot shells of our batteries; a number of wounded were likewise lying about, and the stench was intolerable."
425:, which with artillery and a few dismounted dragoons, made up about 1,000 Europeans. In addition to this, there were about 2,500 native infantrymen; this made up a total force of 3,513 men. Once assembled, it marched directly to
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that flanked a large part of the wall, was left open but cross-barred, to make it difficult for attacking soldiers to enter but also to channel their advance towards a cannon that had been placed at the gate to
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However, after the attack began only two columns, those under Carpenter and Ludlow, responded to Gillespie's signal to assault, which was given some hours earlier than was intended. Under the cover of fire,
445:, where Amar Singh's son, Ranjore Singh Thapa, controlled the government. Once completed, Gillespie was to sweep on towards the Sutlej in order to isolate Amar Singh, and force him to negotiate.
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taken into account along with those killed during the attacks, the British mortality figures tally more closely with the estimates given by Nepali agents within the British forces.
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This is a very contradictory observation, considering the fact that Balbhadra had written to his superiors asking for the replenishment of, among other things, poisoned arrows.
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So far from insulting the bodies of the dead and wounded, they permitted them to lie untouched, till carried away; and none were stripped, as is too universally the case.
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433:. After having captured or destroyed the forts in the valley, the plan called for Gillespie to either move eastwards to expel Amar Singh Thapa's troops from
402:. Around the beginning of October 1814, the British troops began to move towards their depots and the army was soon after formed into four divisions: one at
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made out of stones and stakes that had been stuck into the ground. These were covered by cannons that were placed where they could be most effective, and a
722:. The title of major was held by the adjutant of a battalion or independent company; and captain was the next grade to colonel, implying the command of a
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Upwards of 90 dead bodies were found and cremated, while the wounded were sent to British hospitals; the rest of the fort was then razed to the ground.
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320:, which was placed under a month-long siege by the British, between 31 October and 30 November 1814. The fort's garrison was commanded by Captain
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The initial British campaign plan was to attack on two fronts across a frontier stretching more than 1,500 km (930 miles), from the
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river in the east. On the eastern front, Major-Generals Bennet Marley and John Sullivan Wood led their respective columns across the
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History of the Political and Military Transactions in India During the Administration of the Marquess of Hastings, 1813–1823, Vol 1
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Following their arrival, the British reconnoitred the fort and began planning for the assault. Parties were employed in preparing
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and instead had charged out and successfully fought his way through the siege. It set the tone for the rest of the campaign.
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History of the Political and Military Transactions in India During the Administration of the Marquess of Hastings, 1813–1823
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Journal of a Tour Through Part of the Snowy Range of the Himālā Mountains, and to the Sources of the Rivers Jumna and Ganges
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Journal of a Tour Through Part of the Snowy Range of the Himālā Mountains, and to the Sources of the Rivers Jumna and Ganges
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men fell back and on seeing this, he moved forward from the artillery line to personally rally his men. With three fresh
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in central India – to continue their struggle against the British in the hope that they could still be defeated.
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726:. Luftun, or lieutenant, was the style of the officers commanding companies under the captain; and then followed the
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responded by sending his "salaam" to the English "sirdar", assuring him that he would soon visit him in his camp.
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The division at Meerut was formed under Gillespie, and originally consisted of one British infantry regiment, the
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led the columns on the western front. These two western columns faced the Nepalese army under the command of
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The layout of Nalapani fort. The water source that the Nepalese depended on is seen to be outside the fort.
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rampart. Every point where the fort was approachable, or thought weak by its defenders, was bolstered by
348:' reputation as warriors. As a result, they were later recruited by the British to serve in their army.
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1353:"An Account of the War in Nepal; Contained in a Letter from an Officer on the Staff of the Bengal Army"
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After two failed attempts to capture the fort by straight forward attacks, the British resorted to
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intervals of actual combat, showed us a liberal courtesy worthy of a more enlightened people.
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The fighting around Nalapani, more than any other battle, established the reputation of the
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for the establishment for artillery batteries, while two 12-pounder guns, four 5.5-inch
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1462:"Ambivalence Denied: The Making of Rastriya Itihas in Panchayat Era Textbooks"
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The inscription uses an alternate spelling of Bal Bhadra's name, "Bul Buddur".
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Military Sketches of the Goorka War in India: In the Years 1814, 1815, 1816
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Pemble, John (2009). "Forgetting and remembering Britain's Gurkha War".
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The Gurkhas: The Inside Story of The World's Most Feared Soldiers
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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The battle provides the setting to a Nepali musical drama called
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for the British. A number of later engagements, including one at
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ranks of soobadar, jemadar, and havildar, without any ensigns."
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1382:. London: Woodbridge (Printed by J. Loder for R. Hunter).
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twice swarmed up to the walls, only to be cut down by the
1631:. Vol. 1. London: Kingsbury, Parbury & Allen.
316:. The battle took place around the Nalapani fort, near
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of 1814–1816, fought between the forces of the British
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Fraser recorded the situation in the following terms:
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In 1814 under the new and ambitious Governor-General
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19th-century military history of the United Kingdom
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Britain's Empire: Resistance, Repression and Revolt
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1439:"Bulbhadar Singh and Gurkha Resistance in Nepal"
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1666:A Memoir of Major-General Sir R.R. Gillespie
1325:"King Girban's Letter to Kaji Ranjor Thapa"
1546:"More Documents on the Battle of Nalapani"
1531:(11 and 12). Kathmandu: 167–170, 187–194.
1313:. London: Kingsbury, Parbury & Allen.
1490:"Nepal's Defeat in the Nepal-British War"
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16:First battle of the Anglo-Nepalese War
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1403:. London: W.W. Norton & Company.
1293:: Fraser, James Baillie. (1820).
1578:. London: Headline Book Publishing.
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1516:Pant, Mahesh Raj (1 December 1978).
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1309:: Prinsep, Henry Thoby. (1825).
1544:Pant, Mahesh Raj (1 January 1979).
1488:Pant, Mahesh Raj (1 October 1978).
1323:Acharya, Baburam (1 January 1971).
328:, who had previously fought in the
196:about 600 (men, women and children)
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1669:. London: Printed for T. Egerton.
59:31 October – 30 November 1814
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1469:Contributions to Nepalese Studies
1445:. Verso Books. pp. 197–198.
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1460:Onta, Pratyoush (January 1996).
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1418:Fraser, James Baillie (1820).
1297:. London: Rodwell and Martin.
1129:Pant, The Battle of Nalapani.
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1503:(10). Kathmandu: 150–159.
1131:Ripumardana Thapa's Letter
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43:Death of Rollo Gillespie (
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1559:(1). Kathmandu: 11, 23.
1518:"The Battle of Nalapani"
1395:Farewell, Byron (1984).
177:Ripumardan Thapa (
1694:Battles involving Nepal
1663:Thorn, William (1816).
437:, or westwards to take
252:Show map of Uttarakhand
91:30.392922°N 78.085443°E
1709:History of Uttarakhand
1644:Smith, Thomas (1852).
1572:Parker, John (2005) .
1437:Gott, Richard (2011).
667:recruitment of Gurkhas
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505:First British attack
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1212:Prinsep, pp. 96–94.
951:Prinsep, pp. 87–88.
893:Acharya, Jan. 1971.
884:Prinsep, pp. 86–87.
852:Thorn, pp. 225–226.
834:Smith, pp. 215–219.
825:Prinsep, pp. 83–85.
816:Anon (1816), p.427.
659:Maratha Confederacy
577:Nepalese withdrawal
193:3,513 men initially
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1729:Anglo-Nepalese War
1248:Parker, pp. 43–45.
1221:Gott, pp. 197–198.
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786:Parker, pp. 40–41.
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24:Battle of Nalapani
1704:Conflicts in 1814
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1278:
1276:
1274:
1265:. Archived from
1255:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1162:
1159:
1148:
1145:
1134:
1127:
1112:
1109:
1098:
1095:
1086:
1083:
1072:
1069:
1058:
1055:
1044:
1041:
1032:
1029:
1016:
1013:
1004:
1001:
988:
985:
974:
971:
965:
958:
952:
949:
943:
940:
919:
916:
903:
900:
894:
891:
885:
882:
876:
873:
862:
859:
853:
850:
844:
841:
835:
832:
826:
823:
817:
814:
805:
802:
796:
793:
787:
784:
769:
766:
760:
757:
751:
747:
741:
737:
731:
716:
687:and composed by
685:Bal Krishna Sama
619:from his enemy.
443:Sirmaur district
400:Amar Singh Thapa
396:David Ochterlony
388:Kathmandu Valley
322:Balbhadra Kunwar
286:
282:Nalapani (India)
272:
271:
265:
253:
234:
233:
227:
181:
174:Balbhadra Kunwar
163:
142:Kingdom of Nepal
140:
139:
128:
127:
102:
101:
99:
98:
97:
92:
88:
85:
84:
83:
80:
53:
52:
41:
21:
20:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1684:
1683:
1586:
1548:
1520:
1492:
1464:
1453:
1411:
1327:
1319:
1301:
1285:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1230:Farewell, p. 32
1229:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:Prinsep, p. 94.
1172:
1165:
1160:
1151:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1115:
1111:Prinsep, p. 93.
1110:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1085:Prinsep, p. 92.
1084:
1075:
1070:
1061:
1057:Prinsep, p. 91.
1056:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1031:Prinsep, p. 90.
1030:
1019:
1014:
1007:
1002:
991:
987:Prinsep, p. 88.
986:
977:
972:
968:
959:
955:
950:
946:
941:
922:
917:
906:
901:
897:
892:
888:
883:
879:
875:Prinsep, p. 86.
874:
865:
860:
856:
851:
847:
843:Prinsep, p. 84.
842:
838:
833:
829:
824:
820:
815:
808:
803:
799:
794:
790:
785:
781:
777:
772:
767:
763:
758:
754:
748:
744:
738:
734:
717:
713:
709:
697:
677:
651:
650:
647:
646:
630:
621:
620:
607:
602:
579:
570:
507:
502:
464:
392:Rollo Gillespie
365:
359:
354:
338:pyrrhic victory
314:House of Gorkha
290:
289:
288:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:
278:
277:
273:
256:
255:
254:
251:
250:
248:
242:
241:
240:
239:
235:
212:
207:
176:
168:Sebright Mawbey
165:
159:
134:
125:
110:British victory
95:
93:
89:
86:
81:
78:
76:
74:
73:
72:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1762:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1680:
1679:
1660:
1641:
1619:
1601:(3): 361–376.
1590:
1584:
1569:
1541:
1513:
1485:
1475:(1): 213–254.
1457:
1451:
1434:
1415:
1409:
1392:
1373:
1348:
1318:
1315:
1281:
1280:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1194:Fraser, p. 29.
1184:
1175:
1163:
1149:
1135:
1113:
1099:
1087:
1073:
1059:
1045:
1033:
1017:
1015:Fraser, p. 17.
1005:
1003:Fraser, p. 16.
989:
975:
973:Thorn, p. 227.
966:
964:. pp. 221–224.
953:
944:
942:Fraser, p. 15.
920:
918:Fraser, p. 14.
904:
895:
886:
877:
863:
861:Fraser, p. 13.
854:
845:
836:
827:
818:
806:
797:
788:
778:
776:
773:
771:
770:
761:
752:
742:
732:
710:
708:
705:
704:
703:
696:
693:
676:
671:
629:
626:
606:
603:
601:
598:
578:
575:
569:
566:
506:
503:
501:
498:
463:
460:
451:Magar soldiers
361:Main article:
358:
355:
353:
350:
330:Battle of Java
292:
291:
281:
275:
274:
267:
266:
260:
259:
258:
257:
244:
243:
237:
236:
229:
228:
222:
221:
220:
219:
218:
215:
214:
209:
203:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
185:
184:
170:
153:Major-General
150:
149:
145:
144:
132:
121:
120:
116:
115:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
67:
65:
61:
60:
57:
49:
48:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1761:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:1814 in Nepal
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1595:Asian Affairs
1591:
1587:
1585:9780755314157
1581:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1452:9781844677382
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1412:
1410:9780393017731
1406:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1376:Anon (1822).
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:public domain
1298:
1296:
1292:
1291:public domain
1268:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1179:
1170:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1071:Fraser, p. 27
1068:
1066:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
984:
982:
980:
970:
963:
957:
948:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
915:
913:
911:
909:
902:Onta, p. 227.
899:
890:
881:
872:
870:
868:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
813:
811:
801:
792:
783:
779:
765:
756:
746:
736:
729:
725:
721:
715:
711:
702:
699:
698:
692:
690:
689:Shiva Shankar
686:
682:
675:
670:
668:
662:
660:
653:
641:
638:
635:
624:
615:
613:
597:
594:
590:
586:
584:
574:
565:
563:
562:53rd Regiment
559:
554:
553:enfilade fire
550:
540:
536:
532:
530:
526:
522:
515:
511:
497:
495:
491:
486:
482:
476:
468:
459:
455:
452:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
414:, and one at
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
370:
364:
349:
347:
343:
339:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
264:
247:
226:
216:
210:
205:
204:
199:
195:
192:
191:
186:
182:
175:
171:
169:
164:
162:
156:
152:
151:
146:
143:
138:
133:
131:
123:
122:
117:
109:
106:
105:
100:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
55:
54:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1724:1814 in Asia
1681:
1665:
1646:
1627:
1598:
1594:
1574:
1556:
1552:
1528:
1524:
1500:
1496:
1472:
1468:
1442:
1420:
1398:
1378:
1360:
1356:
1335:
1331:
1317:Bibliography
1310:
1299:
1294:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1267:the original
1262:
1259:"Nalapanima"
1253:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1178:
1130:
969:
962:Field Orders
961:
956:
947:
898:
889:
880:
857:
848:
839:
830:
821:
800:
795:Anon (1816).
791:
782:
764:
755:
745:
735:
714:
680:
678:
673:
663:
655:
643:
639:
631:
617:
608:
595:
591:
587:
580:
571:
545:
533:
518:
477:
473:
456:
447:
420:
394:and Colonel
373:
366:
334:
297:
295:
211:over 90 dead
206:over 69 dead
160:
119:Belligerents
44:
29:Part of the
18:
1399:The Gurkhas
1363:: 425–429.
683:written by
485:wicket gate
213:440 wounded
208:671 wounded
94: /
1688:Categories
1338:(1): 3–5.
775:References
681:Nalapanima
674:Nalapanima
431:Dun Valley
352:Background
82:78°05′08″E
79:30°23′35″N
1637:152785969
1615:159606340
1565:0034-348X
1537:0034-348X
1509:0034-348X
1388:470785427
1344:0034-348X
728:subaltern
720:battalion
707:Footnotes
600:Aftermath
558:companies
529:howitzers
494:grapeshot
481:stockades
427:Dehra Dun
410:, one at
406:, one at
357:Situation
1656:16835962
1625:(1825).
1481:60628049
1430:69385527
1273:14 March
695:See also
549:pioneers
521:fascines
490:enfilade
435:Srinagar
416:Ludhiana
318:Dehradun
276:Nalapani
238:Nalapani
188:Strength
172:Captain
166:Colonel
69:Dehradun
64:Location
1714:Gurkhas
1675:4185876
1369:1514448
1133:. p.190
960:Thorn,
804:Pemble.
634:Gurkhas
560:of the
525:gabions
412:Dinapur
404:Benares
346:Gurkhas
342:Jaithak
161:†
71:, India
47:, 1890)
1673:
1654:
1635:
1613:
1582:
1563:
1535:
1507:
1479:
1449:
1428:
1407:
1386:
1367:
1342:
628:Legacy
500:Battle
408:Meerut
376:Sutlej
157:
107:Result
1611:S2CID
1549:(PDF)
1521:(PDF)
1493:(PDF)
1465:(PDF)
1328:(PDF)
1239:Onta.
724:corps
439:Nahan
384:Tarai
380:tista
310:Nepal
1671:OCLC
1652:OCLC
1633:OCLC
1580:ISBN
1561:ISSN
1533:ISSN
1505:ISSN
1477:OCLC
1447:ISBN
1426:OCLC
1405:ISBN
1384:OCLC
1365:OCLC
1340:ISSN
1275:2012
523:and
423:53rd
308:and
296:The
56:Date
1603:doi
180:WIA
1690::
1609:.
1599:40
1597:.
1557:11
1555:.
1551:.
1529:10
1527:.
1523:.
1501:10
1499:.
1495:.
1473:23
1471:.
1467:.
1441:.
1359:.
1355:.
1334:.
1330:.
1261:.
1187:^
1166:^
1152:^
1138:^
1116:^
1102:^
1090:^
1076:^
1062:^
1048:^
1036:^
1020:^
1008:^
992:^
978:^
923:^
907:^
866:^
809:^
614::
496:.
418:.
1677:.
1658:.
1639:.
1617:.
1605::
1588:.
1567:.
1539:.
1511:.
1483:.
1455:.
1432:.
1413:.
1390:.
1371:.
1361:1
1346:.
1336:3
1277:.
183:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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