648:. When he saw Strathbogie arrayed for battle Douglas halted, as if hesitating in the face of the enemy's preparedness. This had the desired effect and Strathbogie led his men in a downhill charge; but their ranks began to break on reaching a burn, and Douglas ordered a counter-charge. Sir Andrew with the rearguard immediately launched an assault on the enemy's exposed flank. The charge was so fierce that the bushes in the way were all flattened down. Pinned down in front and attacked from the side, Strathbogie's army broke. Unable to escape, and refusing to surrender, Strathbogie stood with his back to an oak tree and was killed in a last stand with a small group of followers, including Walter and Thomas Comyn. Some of the survivors took refuge in the nearby island castle of
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630:, who also happened to be Murray's wife. From southern Scotland the Guardian rushed north to her aid, having gathered a modest force of some 800 men. Strathbogie, according to the historian Lord Hailes, had 3,000 men at his disposal. Murray's tactics were risky: he was marching into battle, which all Scots leaders had carefully avoided since the disaster at Halidon Hill. But the situation was critical: the fall of Kildrummy would have been a serious setback to the national cause in the north.
661:
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637:, to the east of Strathbogie's position near Culblean Hill, by a party of three 300 men from Kildrummy, led by one John of the Craig. John's knowledge of the local countryside was invaluable. On the night of 29/30 November, he guided Murray's force on a wide-sweeping movement to the south and west, designed to take Strathbogie from the rear. As Murray approached at dawn on
674:
Balliol's hope of gaining the
Scottish throne forever. Its effects were almost immediately felt. Edward Balliol spent the winter of 1335–6, so says the Lanercost Chronicle; ..."with his people at Elande, in England, because he does not yet possess in Scotland any castle or town where he could dwell in safety."
673:
passed what might be said to be the final verdict on the battle when he wrote; "Culblean was the turning point in the second war of
Scottish Independence, and therefore an event of great national importance". Small as it was, it effectively nullified the effects of Edward's summer invasion, ending
575:. Within a short period, he was to become one of the country's greatest leaders, and a skilled student of the kind of guerilla warfare practised by King Robert in days past. Murray was consistent in his defence of the national cause, never at any time submitting to Edward III or Balliol, unlike
615:"But the great tyranny and cruelty this earl practiced among the people words cannot bring within the mind's grasp; some he disinherited, others he murdered: and in the end, he cast in his mind how he might wipe out the freeholders from the face of the earth."
641:, the element of surprise was lost when he was spotted by enemy scouts. The camp was warned and Strathbogie made ready. But his troops were largely recruited from the local area, probably by impressment, and he appears to have had no archers.
668:
Compared with the other battles of the Wars of
Independence, Culblean was a relatively small affair, and is now largely forgotten. Nevertheless, its size was greatly outweighed by its importance on the road to Scottish national recovery.
510:
between
England and Scotland, based on a full recognition of Robert Bruce's kingship, ended any immediate prospect these men had of gaining their lost inheritance. However, the death of Bruce in 1329, and the accession to the throne of
607:
had been the backbone of
Scottish resistance. Strathbogie's actions mirrored the policy of King Edward in southern Scotland, where over one hundred freeholders were forfeited in the period from 1335 to 1337.
488:
and his supporters in 1306, the
Scottish War of Independence was both a war of independence and a civil war, with the Balliol and Comyn parties taking the side of the English. In the winter of 1314 the
543:
made what was to be his greatest effort on
Balliol's behalf, coming to Scotland with a large army. Unable to force the issue into an open battle, he left the disinherited to manage as best they could.
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497:, pronounced a formal sentence of forfeiture against all those who held land in Scotland but continued to fight on the side of the English. Thus was created a class of nobility known as the
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Strathbogie was warned of Murray's approach. He raised the siege of
Kildrummy, moving south to intercept his enemy in the forest of Culblean. Murray was joined a few miles north of the
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523:, son of the former King John, as the rightful King of Scotland. In 1332 Beaumont and Balliol launched a seaborne invasion of Scotland, winning a victory at the
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579:, nephew and heir of the infant David. The men who gathered around him at Dumbarton formed the nucleus of the national revival: the earls of March and Ross,
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Although
Scottish resistance was low at times, it was never completely extinguished. David II was sent to the safety of France in 1334. In September 1335,
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519:, one of their number and a veteran of the Scottish wars, a party began to take shape in the early 1330s. This party focused its hopes on
587:. After the departure of the English king from Scotland — followed soon afterwards by Edward Balliol — Murray's chief opponent was
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539:. Edward Balliol was reseated on his contentious throne, but his residence proved no more certain than before. In 1335,
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Transactions of the
Dumfriesshire and Galloway Antiquarian and Natural History Society
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Battle on 30 November 1335, during the Second War of Scottish Independence
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515:, his infant son, offered them a second chance. Under the leadership of
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Murray's force was divided in two, the forward unit being commanded by
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In the late autumn of 1335, Strathbogie was operating north of the
154:
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735:
Campbell, T., "England, Scotland and the Hundred Years War", in
460:, achieved victory over an Anglo-Scottish force commanded by
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Simpson, W. Douglas, "Campaign and Battle of Culblean", in
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Brown, C., "The Second Scottish War of Independence" 2001.
493:, the first to meet after King Robert's victory at the
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Webster, B., "Scotland without a King: 1329-1341", in
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Proceedings of the Society of Antiquarians of Scotland
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612:, a Scottish chronicler, reports the situation thus;
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Strathbogie crowned his campaign by laying siege to
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was fought on the 30th of November 1335, during the
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Monument marking the site of the Battle of Culblean
652:, but were forced to surrender the following day.
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779:Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community
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462:David III Strathbogie, titular Earl of Atholl
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800:Battles of the Wars of Scottish Independence
571:by the rump of Bruce loyalists meeting in
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563:, of the victorious Scottish army at the
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
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781:, ed. A Grant and K. J. Stringer, 1993.
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763:Reid, R. C. "Edward de Balliol", in
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451:Second War of Scottish Independence
116:Second War of Scottish Independence
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709:, ed. and trans. H. Maxwell, 1913.
34:tone or style may not reflect the
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821:
758:The Genesis of Lancaster, 1307–99
715:, ed. and trans H. Maxwell, 1913.
700:Chronicles of the Scottish Nation
547:Appointment of Murray as Guardian
742:Hailes, Lord (David Dalrymple),
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44:guide to writing better articles
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767:, 3rd series, vol. 35, 1956–7.
737:Europe in the Late Middle Ages
555:, whose father was also named
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689:Anonimalle Chronicle, 1333–81
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553:Sir Andrew Murray of Bothwell
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725:Balfour-Melville, E. W. M.,
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559:, was joint commander, with
480:, nephew of the former King
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739:, ed. J. Hale et al., 1970.
165:Victory for Bruce partisans
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805:Battles involving Scotland
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411:Scottish Independence Wars
565:Battle of Stirling Bridge
434:Later Anglo-Scottish Wars
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350:Berwick (1355 & 1356)
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751:Edward III and the Scots
702:, ed. W. F. Skene, 1872.
257:of Scottish Independence
727:Edward III and David II
713:The Lanercost Chronicle
664:Culblean memorial stone
744:The Annals of Scotland
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595:St. Andrew's Day, 1335
583:, Maurice Murray, and
537:Battle of Halidon Hill
525:Battle of Dupplin Moor
464:a strong supporter of
192:Commanders and leaders
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508:Treaty of Northampton
495:Battle of Bannockburn
453:. The Scots, led by
208:David, Earl of Atholl
589:David de Strathbogie
569:Guardian of Scotland
476:After the murder of
656:Culblean in history
581:Sir William Douglas
491:Scottish Parliament
88: /
671:W. Douglas Simpson
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567:and was appointed
447:Battle of Culblean
182:Balliol supporters
109:Battle of Culblean
92:57.0899°N 2.9341°W
810:Conflicts in 1335
774:, vol 64 1929–30.
698:Fordun, John of,
517:Henry de Beaumont
458:Sir Andrew Murray
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38:used on Knowledge
36:encyclopedic tone
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795:1335 in Scotland
639:St. Andrew's Day
622:in Strathdon in
620:Kildrummy Castle
573:Dumbarton Castle
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486:Robert Bruce
482:John Balliol
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361:Peace treaty
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306:Halidon Hill
279:Dupplin Moor
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174:Belligerents
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650:Loch Kinord
345:Nesbit Moor
311:Boroughmuir
95: /
789:Categories
678:References
541:Edward III
529:Edward III
478:John Comyn
472:Background
255:Second War
149:Culblean,
80:57°05′24″N
720:Secondary
635:River Dee
506:The 1328
339:1355–1356
290:1333–1342
83:2°56′03″W
513:David II
455:Guardian
316:Culblean
274:Kinghorn
155:Scotland
145:Location
114:Part of
760:, 1913.
753:, 1965.
746:, 1776.
729:, 1954.
695:, 1927.
683:Primary
533:Balliol
296:Dornock
214:†
185:English
557:Andrew
429:Second
210:
187:allies
162:Result
691:, ed
601:Forth
484:, by
424:First
321:Perth
284:Annan
445:The
327:1346
268:1332
137:Date
791::
468:.
153:,
401:e
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387:v
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