1112:, marking that a large fleet had been sighted. This morning, in the day, the signals were confirmed, and a messenger was sent to those who commanded at Ushant, we learned that they had sighted 30 or 35 men of war and over 80 other transport vessels of all kinds, and it was confirmed between 4 and 5pm they had anchored between Camaret and Bertheaume, within range of bombs from those two posts from which they fired 8 or 10 shot upon them which nearly all missed. I have seen all the batteries of Cornouaille and of LĂ©on where I have sent several orders; one is able to count them and to distinguish them very well. There are three cabins before the main masts and two before the foremasts, which persuades me that it is a force composed of English and Dutch. The wind is against them; if it changes, I do not doubt that they will tomorrow descend into the roadstead, perhaps into both of them. Our galleys have not come, which is a great harm to us. I have ordered them this evening to make every effort to enter port, ranging along the nearby coast, in favour of our land batteries. I do not believe they will make it; but I well know that I will bear my forces so that Your Majesty will be content with me, and will without doubt not abandon it on this occasion. Our affairs are quite well disposed within the town.
1161:
they appeared to be regular troops. The young Rear
Admiral sent an officer in all haste to warn Talmash. But Talmash was so completely possessed by the notion that the French were not prepared to repel an attack that he disregarded all cautions and would not even trust his own eyes. He felt sure that the force which he saw assembled on the shore was a mere rabble of peasants, who had been brought together in haste from the surrounding country. Confident that these mock soldiers would run like sheep before real soldiers, he ordered his men to pull for the beach. He was soon undeceived. A terrible fire mowed down his troops faster than they could get on shore. He had himself scarcely sprung on dry ground when he received a wound in the thigh from a cannon ball, and was carried back to his skiff. His men reembarked in confusion. Ships and boats made haste to get out of the bay, but did not succeed till four hundred seamen and seven hundred soldiers had fallen. During many days the waves continued to throw up pierced and shattered corpses on the beach of Brittany. The battery from which Talmash received his wound is called, to this day, the Englishman's Death.
1283:
there. This will be a great advantage to
England. But no consideration can prevent, or ever shall prevent me from informing you of 'all that I believe can be for your service. Therefore you may make your own use of this intelligence, which you may rely upon as exactly true. But I must conjure you for your own interest to let no one know it but the Queen and the bearer of this letter. Russell will set sail tomorrow with forty ships, the rest being not yet paid; but it is said that in ten days the rest of the fleet will follow; and at the same time, the land forces. I attempted to learn this some time ago from Admiral Russell. But he always denied it to me, though I am very sure that he knew the design for more than six weeks. This gives me a bad sign of this man's intentions. I shall be very well pleased to learn that this letter has come safely to your hands - The claimed letter from John Churchill, duke of Marlborough to king James II, translated by general Sackville, 3 May 1694.
911:
Berthaume since it can set off outside land-based cannons. But there is a little merchant port at a corner of that at
Camaret with bays where pirates withdraw with impunity, which happens often in course of war or bad weather : this is why it should be necessary to here make a battery of four or five guns supported by a tower and a small masonry enclosure to stop them and to hold a net over this roadstead that, in this way, would become an assured refuge for the good of merchant vessels that are forced in by bad weather more often than they are at risk of being captured
1211:
1122:
172:
121:
1004:
lieutenant-general of the Navy". The statement on the fortifications by the engineers
Traverse and Mollart, dating to 23 April 1694, showed only 265 cannon and 17 mortars. When Vauban received the royal directives at the start of May, Brest was defended by a garrison of around 1,300 men. Arriving in Brest on 23 May, Vauban knew the odds were not in his favour, even in the scenario in which the expected last minute reinforcements consisting of a cavalry regiment, a dragoon regiment and 6 infantry battalions would manage to be there on time.
39:
1301:
1069:
1059:
1046:
921:
160:
142:
94:
957:
107:
2000:
1173:... on the English side, 800 of the troops from the landing force were killed or wounded, 400 men killed on the ships of the line, and 466 taken prisoner, including 16 officers. The French, according to reports prepared the same day by Monsieur de Langeron and Monsieur de Saint-Pierre, only had around 45 wounded, including 3 officers, including the engineer Traverse, who lost an arm.
1036:
regiments of la Roche-Courbon and la Boëssière, which had still not arrived, the quarters of
Monsieur de Cervon and Monsieur de la Vaisse and the militia posts in the country. All this had to be put into execution incessantly, without waiting for the troops' arrival, and five or six days of work would put this part of the coast into a good state and an assured defence.
2020:
2024:
1292:
on Brest, it is equally certain that the French already knew of the plans for the Brest expedition via other sources. David
Chandler concluded "the whole episode is so obscure and inconclusive that it is still not possible to make a definite ruling. In sum, perhaps we should award Marlborough the benefit of the doubt".
790:, in his only ever field command. Consisting of fierce exchanges of fire involving Anglo-Dutch ships and French cannons as well as a ground engagement which saw an allied landing party be repulsed back to the sea after a French counter-attack, the battle resulted in a prompt defeat for the Allies and their retreat.
1200:
I only had a part in the orders and the dispositions; what is more the thing happened two leagues away from me. I have heard the enemy were well met, for they had lost not a single moment. They came immediately, they attacked immediately at the place I had always believed they would; in a word, they
1165:
Tollemache was carried back towards the squadron by one of the few longboats still afloat. The French counter-attack repulsed the enemy back to the sea, and the landing troops were unable to retreat further since the falling tide had left the longboats high and dry. Only ten of these boats were able
822:
sailed out of Brest on 24 April with 71 ships of the line and
Chateaurenault's squadron followed him on 7 May. Informed of this fact, the English and Dutch planned to take Brest, thinking that this would be easy in the absence of Tourville and his fleet, and to land a strong army of occupation there
1291:
claimed in his biography of
Churchill (his ancestor) that it was a forgery aimed at damaging Marlborough's reputation and that the duke never betrayed William III. Even if it is practically certain that Marlborough sent a message across the Channel at the start of May describing the imminent attack
1282:
It is only today that I have just learned the news I now write to you; which is, that the bomb-ketches and the twelve regiments encamped at
Portsmouth, with the two regiments of marines, all commanded by Talmash, are destined for burning the port of Brest, and destroying all the men-of-war that are
1160:
It soon appeared that the enterprise was even more perilous than it had on the preceding day appeared to be. Batteries which had then escaped notice opened on the ships a fire so murderous that several decks were soon cleared. Great bodies of foot and horse were discernible; and, by their uniforms,
1035:
I arrived yesterday evening on the coast at
Camaret and its environs around the bay of Douarnenez. I ordered the retrenchment of several bays onto which one could descend to take the Roscanvel peninsula from the rear, and all our retrenchments at Cameret. At the same time I marked out camps for the
1003:
In the face of more and more precise English threats, Louis XIV made Vauban "supreme commander of all French land and sea forces in the province of Brittany". Vauban had already been lieutenant-général des Armées since 1688 and accepted the new post on one condition: that he would not be "honorary
947:
began in 1689, and forewarned by their spies and realising the importance of the works, the English wished to destroy the building. When in 1691 sixteen Anglo-Dutch vessels were sighted in Camaret Bay, five French frigates happened to be present and routed the enemy fleet. Due to the fallible means
1134:
at 9 o'clock". Thus it was only at around 11 o'clock, when the fog lifted, that Carmarthen could advance with eight ships to attack the Tour de Camaret and protect the 200 longboats loaded with soldiers heading for the beach at Trez-Rouz. The Tour de Camaret, supported by the batteries at Le Gouin
910:
There are still two roadsteads outside the Goulet of Brest which serve as a vestibule to this entrance, of which one (known as Berthaume) is prepared against all the winds from the north, and that of Cameret against all those of Le Midy, both being well-held. There is nothing to do at that of
1135:
and Tremet, brought down such fire that two ships were set on fire and the others badly damaged. Despite this surprise, the English retaliated, with several shots reaching the tower. In this encounter a cannonball shot off the top of the spire of the Chapelle Notre-Dame de Rocamadour.
948:
at their disposal for the defence of a space covering several hundred kilometres of coast (a few hundred miles), Vauban decided to set up forts in several places, maintained by militia forces but able to be quickly reinforced by regular troops stationed in the rear.
1376:"The oriflamme and the Chape de St Martin were succeeded at the end of the 16th century, when Henry III., the last of the house of Valois, came to the throne, by the white standard powdered with fleurs-de-lis. This in turn gave place to the famous tricolour" (
1139:
A legend recounts that Our Lady appeared at the height of the battle and sent back the ill-willed ball to the warship that was to blame, which sank. The legend does not say if the Virgin carried out this deed using the arm of a gunner of Vauban and one of his
992:) at or near Brest and take control of the Goulet and roadstead of Brest. The English that Brest's fate mainly depended on control of the goulet, remembering the 1594 attempt on Brest (in which a Spanish force of only 400 had held off over 6,000 troops under
1129:
On the morning of 18 June, a thick fog settled over this part of Brittany, blinding both sides and leading the English to postpone the attack. This aided the French "for a cavalry corps commanded by Monsieur de Cervon and part of the militia only arrived at
1011:, the allied fleet sailed on June 1, 1694. During this time, Vauban multiplied the construction of fortified positions along the coast and reinforced those already in existence. In mid-June he inspected the defences under his command and noted that the
1365:
On the reverse of this plate it says: "Le pavillon royal était véritablement le drapeau national au dix-huitième siecle...Vue du chateau d'arrière d'un vaisseau de guerre de haut rang portant le pavillon royal (blanc, avec les armes de France)"
976:...seemed favoured by the resolution of Louis XIV to concentrate his naval forces in the Mediterranean, so that with their help, Marshal de Noailles would be able to take Barcelona, force Catalonia to submit, and oblige Spain to ask for peace.
1076:
The Anglo-Dutch fleet (of 36 ships of the line, 12 bomb vessels as well as 80 transport ships carrying around 8,000 soldiers) under Berkeley finally set out and signals reached Vauban on the evening 17 June that the fleet was in the
1258:) and "Angl. et Batav. caesis et fugatis 1694" (the English and the Dutch routed and put to flight 1694). By a decision of 23 December 1697 the States of Brittany exempted the inhabitants of Camaret "fully from contributing to
885:
Vauban started immediately to organize the defence of the city and the rocky coast around it. The bad weather kept the English fleet in its harbour for a month, giving the French just enough time to prepare a warm reception.
905:
In fact, in 1685, well before the start of the Nine Years' War, Louis XIV had charged Vauban with inspecting the coast from Dunkirk to Bayonne. Of his first stay at Camaret, Vauban wrote in his memoir of 9 May 1685:
1218:
Talmash died of his wounds on his return in Plymouth and England public grief and indignation for the treachery were loudly expressed. After this defeat, the Anglo-Dutch fleet put about and sailed back up the
2131:
1100:
he announced that the defences, of which he had only seen a small part, were formidable. But Berkeley and Talmash suspected that he had exaggerated the danger and decided to attack the next morning.
968:
At the start of 1694, having got wind of Tourville leaving Brest with 53 ships of the line, William III believed Brest would be easily taken and decided to launch his attack on it. As the historian
1239:, but their fortifications meant they could fight off the attacks and suffered only minor damage. This attack gave Vauban the chance to fortify the coasts around Brest, installing a battery at
943:" at Camaret, the unique example of its type. Vauban's first designs foresaw the building of a round tower, but once he arrived he decided to make it a polygonal tower. While work on the
2121:
2126:
895:
738:
264:
669:
728:
293:
415:
657:
647:
642:
1031:
and, to enable the fast transmission of information, Vauban organised a communications code in the form of signals. In a letter to Louis XIV on 17 June 1694, he reported:
1019:
would allow landings by large numbers of troops. He ordered them reinforced. Aiming to prevent any landings, and with no warships at his disposal, he equipped scores of
691:
353:
348:
1337:
452:
410:
783:
force in an attempt to take and occupy the city, which represented one of the most important French naval bases. The French, however, were well aware of their plan.
1104:
Unknown to the English, at this point the promised French reinforcements had still not arrived and Vauban wrote the following letter to the king at 11pm on 17 June:
462:
2069:
1308:
In the north transept of the parish church of Saint-RĂ©mi, partly obscured by the organ pipes, there is a large stained-glass window showing the battle, designed by
494:
368:
484:
442:
437:
333:
338:
388:
257:
1148:, and was met with heavy fire. Wavering for a moment, they were then charged by 100 men of independent companies and 1,200 coastguard militiamen.
1961:
1696:
1667:
1529:
1457:
250:
1883:
1149:
871:
1990:
2136:
2077:
1023:
to defend the goulet and armed militias with weapons requisitioned by the navy. The cavalry regiments and dragoons were positioned at
1278:
in May 1694 forewarning him of the attack on Brest. This is what came to be known as the Camaret Bay letter, and it ran as follows:
1271:
827:
819:
842:
and planned to mount other similar operations against other French ports. Having got wind of the plan against Brest via spies,
1552:
1274:, disgraced around this time by William III for other reasons, of treason. He was accused of sending a letter to the deposed
1231:
in reprisal. Le Havre was severely damaged in a 5-day bombardment, from 26 to 31 July. In September, the same fleet attacked
1181:(red beach). The nearest cliff to where Talmash landed, or the battery which fired the shot that hit him, is still known as
1605:. Res Universis, coll. « Monographies des villes et villages de France » (in French). Paris: Gründ. p. 100.
1089:
878:, 80 transport ships (carrying around 8,000 soldiers), with a total force of over 10,000 men, under the command of general
164:
1193:
2061:
981:
652:
1924:
1830:
1610:
1513:
1491:
935:
Just after the war began and, having inspected the sites already, he decided first to set up a defensive position at
696:
499:
787:
176:
1871:
771:
to be unguarded as the French fleet stationed there sailed south to face the Spanish, an amphibious operation at
373:
536:
743:
686:
405:
2006:
1093:
2141:
706:
2011:
985:
711:
504:
378:
2033:
1096:) approached the coasts to check on the French positions and possible landing places. On his return
608:
586:
566:
474:
308:
1893:
1144:
Meanwhile, Tollemache landed on the beach at Trez-Rouz at the head of 1,300 men, including French
980:
William III's plan was to have the majority of the Anglo-Dutch fleet, under the orders of admiral
2116:
620:
556:
531:
2057:
The History Of England from the Accession of James II. Chapter XX by Thomas Babington Macaulay.
1224:
835:
831:
811:
733:
718:
1683:
Revue de Bretagne, de Vendée & d'Anjou - La défense des côtes de Bretagne au XVIIIe siècle
447:
420:
363:
328:
323:
1028:
984:, sail towards Barcelona to fight Tourville and to have the rest of it, under the orders of
1210:
997:
681:
561:
383:
313:
303:
1262:, tailles and other taxes which arise in the other parishes of the Province of Brittany".
1121:
8:
1275:
615:
598:
551:
489:
457:
432:
393:
358:
1887:
1748:
We cite here the most probable numbers. Different authors cite the following estimates:
2056:
1955:
1690:
1661:
1523:
1451:
1324:(with links to most of the fortifications along it, many of which were built by Vauban)
1068:
1012:
936:
924:
776:
764:
701:
630:
603:
479:
298:
274:
99:
30:
1943:
1920:
1910:
1826:
1653:
La ville et le port jusqu'en 1681, Volume I: Histoire de la ville et du port de Brest
1616:
1606:
1548:
1509:
1487:
1288:
993:
989:
961:
879:
625:
581:
516:
191:
146:
126:
1984:
1790:
36 ships of the line, 12 bomb vessels and transports carrying around 8000 soldiers (
38:
1762:
36 ships of the line, 12 bomb vessels, 80 small ships carrying 8000 men (P. Levot,
576:
521:
343:
150:
1914:
1651:
1441:
1398:
1338:
Combined operations and the European theatre during the Nine Years' War, 1688-97
1327:
1321:
1240:
1220:
1189:
1078:
1016:
546:
318:
1309:
1783:
36 ships of war, without reckoning the bomb-ketches and the infernal machines (
780:
526:
112:
1358:"...the standard of France was white, sprinkled with golden fleur de lis..." (
1300:
2110:
2092:
2079:
1994:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 454–463.
1979:
1647:
1620:
1437:
1192:
and only reached the battlefield itself when it was all over. In a letter to
1177:
Since that date the landing beach, stained red with blood, has been known as
969:
803:
768:
571:
541:
64:
1889:
The History of England, Vol. 4 : From the Accession of James the Second
1131:
786:
The expedition was opposed by only a bit over thousand French troops led by
1058:
855:
242:
1332:
1082:
1062:
944:
940:
772:
1823:
Les Ă©toiles de Vauban: La route des fortifications en Bretagne Normandie
1254:
struck a medal engraved "Custos orae Armoricae" (guard of the coast of
1244:
1045:
1024:
1008:
956:
867:
851:
839:
920:
1752:
1251:
928:
875:
850:
military commander of Brest and the four lower-Breton dioceses, from
843:
815:
799:
201:
196:
2021:"The Vinkhuijzen collection of military uniforms: France, 1750-1757"
1776:
29 sail of line, 27 frigates, bomb-ketcher, fire-ships and tenders (
1446:(in French). Vol. 2 - Le port depuis 1681. Brest. p. 387.
1255:
1228:
1145:
1020:
894:
231:
1892:. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green. pp.
2132:
Naval battles of the Nine Years' War involving the Dutch Republic
1270:
Searching for a scapegoat after this bloody defeat, many accused
1232:
1081:. It anchored halfway between Bertheaume and le Toulinguet near
1259:
1236:
1109:
898:
847:
1755:, 12 bomb vessels, 80 vaisseaux de transport (G.-G. Toduouze,
807:
1680:
1983:
1825:(in French). Paris: Edition du huitième jour. p. 166.
775:
was launched on 18 June 1694 by a 10,000 to 12,000-strong
2023:. New York Public Library. 25 March 2011 . Archived from
1201:
thought it out very well, but did not execute it so well
2122:
Naval battles of the Nine Years' War involving England
2019:
1769:
36 ships of the line, 12 bomb vessels (Rapin-Thoyras,
1486:, Robert Laffont, Paris, 1908 (reiss. 1989), 1222 p. (
1367:
2127:
Naval battles of the Nine Years' War involving France
1919:. London: University of Chicago Press. p. 1050.
1484:
Louis XIV : histoire d'un grand règne, 1643-1715
1265:
1808:
Camaret : Son histoire, ses monuments religieux
1464:
1287:The letter only exists in a French translation and
988:, land an invasion force (under lieutenant-general
838:had sent an expedition to take reprisals against
2108:
2035:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905)
2005:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879).
1757:Camaret, Grand'Garde du littoral de l'Armorique
1188:When battle was joined Vauban found himself at
1909:
1603:Camaret Grand'Garde du littoral de l'Armorique
1125:Spire of the Chapelle Notre-Dame de Rocamadour
951:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1304:Stained glass window in the Ă©glise Saint-RĂ©mi
258:
1905:
1903:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1432:
1430:
1108:...when, around 10pm, we heard signals from
272:
226:1 ship of the line sunk and another captured
1938:
1936:
1876:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
818:and to force Spain to sign a peace treaty,
2004:
1960:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1820:
1716:
1695:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1666:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1640:
1528:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1504:Pujo, Bernard (1991). Albin Michel (ed.).
1456:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1385:
1359:
265:
251:
224:2,000 killed or wounded and 1,000 captured
1916:Marlborough: His life and times, Book One
1900:
1852:
1839:
1585:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1547:(in French). Paris: Fayard. p. 686.
1166:to rejoin the rest of the English fleet.
90:
1978:
1933:
1882:
1764:Histoire de la ville et du port de Brest
1600:
1576:
1536:
1443:Histoire de la ville et du port de Brest
1407:
1396:
1377:
1299:
1209:
1120:
1067:
1057:
1044:
955:
919:
893:
117:
1581:(in French). Paris: Alpina. p. 95.
1085:, close to the mouth of Brest harbour.
1072:Profile and plan of the tour de Camaret
889:
220:1,100 killed or 1,200 killed or wounded
2109:
2031:
1681:RĂ©gis de l'Estourbeillon, ed. (1910).
1561:
1470:
1169:The English losses were considerable:
151:
1703:
1674:
1646:
1436:
1214:The Anglo-Dutch fleet bombards Dieppe
246:
43:English plan of the battle of Camaret
2070:Inventaire du patrimoine de Bretagne
1497:
1243:, another on île Longue, a third at
222:466 captured (including 16 officers)
1601:Toudouze, Georges-Gustave (1993) .
1400:History of the Reign of William III
1397:MacAulay, Thomas Babington (1857).
1196:from Camaret on 18 June, he wrote:
13:
1577:Toudouze, Georges-Gustave (1967).
763:, was a notable engagement of the
16:1694 battle of the Nine Years' War
14:
2153:
2137:Military history of Brest, France
2050:
1948:Marlborough as Military Commander
1508:(in French). Paris. p. 374.
1295:
964:, commander of the landing forces
802:decided to take the fight to the
237:45 wounded (including 3 officers)
228:5 ships of the line badly damaged
1998:
1685:(in French). Brest. p. 334.
1656:(in French). Brest. p. 387.
874:, consisting of 36 warships, 12
170:
158:
140:
119:
105:
92:
37:
1865:
1814:
1805:
1799:
1742:
1729:
1627:
1116:
1053:
1007:After the preparations made in
861:
1821:LĂ©cuillier, Guillaume (2006).
1476:
1350:
788:SĂ©bastien Le Prestre de Vauban
177:SĂ©bastien Le Prestre de Vauban
1:
1972:
1542:
1503:
2062:French account of the attack
1942:
1806:Lozac'hmeur, Pierre (1968).
288:Flanders and the Lower Rhine
7:
2015:. Vol. 8. p. 250.
1792:Revue maritime et coloniale
1403:. Vol. 4. p. 522.
1315:
1223:, bombarding ports such as
952:Preparations for the attack
931:peninsula in the background
234:lost, including 48 captured
10:
2158:
1884:Macaulay, Thomas Babington
1778:The United Service Journal
1250:To celebrate the victory,
1205:
1185:(the Englishman's death).
793:
759:, also referred to as the
1751:41 ships of the line, 14
1543:Blanchard, Anne (2007) .
1049:The English fleet attacks
1040:
866:A fleet was assembled in
284:
214:
182:
133:
84:
47:
36:
28:
23:
1343:
1266:The "Camaret Bay letter"
996:for over a month in the
2032:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
2012:The American Cyclopædia
1991:Encyclopædia Britannica
823:of 7,000 to 8,000 men.
1950:. London. p. 368.
1369:Vinkhuijzen collection
1360:Ripley & Dana 1879
1305:
1285:
1215:
1203:
1175:
1163:
1142:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1090:Marquess of Carmarthen
1073:
1065:
1050:
1038:
978:
965:
932:
918:
902:
836:William III of England
798:At the start of 1694,
165:Marquess of Carmarthen
134:Commanders and leaders
1771:Histoire d'Angleterre
1303:
1280:
1213:
1198:
1171:
1158:
1137:
1124:
1106:
1098:
1071:
1061:
1048:
1033:
974:
959:
923:
908:
897:
697:Barfleur and La Hogue
215:Casualties and losses
1872:Commemorative battle
901:, commander of Brest
890:General preparations
812:Maréchal de Noailles
810:. Aiming to support
500:Sant Esteve d'en Bas
2089: /
1785:The Monthly Review'
1194:M. de Pontchartrain
972:writes, this attack
653:Cartagena de Indias
599:Invasion of England
2093:48.2767°N 4.5956°W
1911:Churchill, Winston
1306:
1216:
1154:History of England
1127:
1074:
1066:
1051:
1013:baie de Douarnenez
966:
933:
925:Fort de Bertheaume
903:
814:in the capture of
480:Second Brotherhood
2142:Conflicts in 1694
1579:Camaret et Vauban
1554:978-2-213-63410-4
1289:Winston Churchill
1088:Rear admiral the
994:John VI of Aumont
990:Thomas Tollemache
880:Thomas Tollemache
870:under command of
757:Battle of Camaret
752:
751:
241:
240:
192:ships of the line
188:10,000-12,000 men
147:Thomas Tollemache
80:
79:
2149:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2098:48.2767; -4.5956
2094:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2068:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2028:
2027:on 6 April 2015.
2016:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1987:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1951:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1880:
1874:
1869:
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1856:
1850:
1845:Anne Blanchard,
1843:
1837:
1836:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1797:
1746:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1722:Anne Blanchard,
1720:
1714:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1672:
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1574:
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1540:
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1501:
1495:
1482:Ernest Lavisse,
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1447:
1434:
1405:
1404:
1394:
1383:
1354:
1092:(accompanied by
939:and to build a "
916:
872:Admiral Berkeley
761:Brest expedition
572:Cork and Kinsale
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277:
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202:troop transports
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41:
21:
20:
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2075:
2066:
2053:
2040:
2038:
1999:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1953:
1952:
1944:Chandler, David
1941:
1934:
1927:
1908:
1901:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1866:
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1844:
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1498:
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1477:
1469:
1465:
1449:
1448:
1435:
1408:
1395:
1386:
1380:, p. 460).
1362:, p. 250).
1355:
1351:
1346:
1328:Camaret-sur-Mer
1322:Goulet de Brest
1318:
1298:
1268:
1221:English Channel
1208:
1190:Fort du Mengant
1119:
1056:
1043:
998:siege of Crozon
954:
945:tour de Camaret
917:
915:
892:
864:
796:
765:Nine Years' War
753:
748:
280:
276:Nine Years' War
275:
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106:
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93:
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68:
42:
31:Nine Years' War
24:Attack on Brest
17:
12:
11:
5:
2155:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2117:1694 in France
2073:
2072:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2051:External links
2049:
2048:
2047:
2029:
2017:
1996:
1982:, ed. (1911).
1980:Chisholm, Hugh
1974:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1932:
1925:
1899:
1875:
1864:
1858:Bernard Pujo,
1851:
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1831:
1813:
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1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1741:
1735:Bernard Pujo,
1728:
1715:
1709:Bernard Pujo,
1702:
1673:
1648:Levot, Prosper
1639:
1633:Bernard Pujo,
1626:
1611:
1584:
1560:
1553:
1535:
1514:
1496:
1475:
1473:, p. 120.
1463:
1438:Levot, Prosper
1406:
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1348:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1335:
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1314:
1297:
1296:Commemorations
1294:
1272:John Churchill
1267:
1264:
1207:
1204:
1183:Maro ar saozon
1118:
1115:
1055:
1052:
1042:
1039:
1015:and above all
953:
950:
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891:
888:
863:
860:
830:'s victory at
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87:
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76:French victory
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1913:(1933–1938).
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1378:Chisholm 1911
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1152:wrote in his
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986:John Berkeley
983:
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804:Mediterranean
801:
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676:Naval battles
675:
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619:
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379:2nd Diksmuide
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354:1st Diksmuide
352:
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59:
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51:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2074:
2039:. Retrieved
2034:
2025:the original
2010:
1989:
1985:"Flag"
1947:
1915:
1888:
1878:
1867:
1859:
1854:
1846:
1841:
1822:
1816:
1807:
1801:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
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1710:
1705:
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1578:
1544:
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1505:
1499:
1483:
1478:
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1442:
1399:
1368:
1352:
1310:Jim SĂ©vellec
1307:
1286:
1281:
1269:
1249:
1217:
1199:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1143:
1138:
1128:
1117:18 June 1694
1107:
1103:
1099:
1087:
1079:mer d'Iroise
1075:
1054:17 June 1694
1034:
1006:
1002:
979:
975:
967:
941:tour de cĂ´te
934:
909:
904:
884:
865:
862:Preparations
856:Saint-Brieuc
825:
797:
785:
767:. Expecting
760:
756:
754:
723:
587:2nd Limerick
567:1st Limerick
406:Philippsburg
294:Kaiserswerth
85:Belligerents
55:18 June 1694
29:Part of the
18:
2096: /
2067:(in French)
1471:Bodart 1908
1333:Tour Vauban
1083:Camaret Bay
1063:Tour Vauban
773:Camaret Bay
744:Dogger Bank
687:Beachy Head
658:3rd Guárico
648:2nd Guárico
643:1st Guárico
577:2nd Athlone
557:1st Athlone
416:Frankenthal
400:Upper Rhine
329:Steenkerque
2111:Categories
2081:48°16′36″N
2041:3 February
1973:References
1753:fire ships
1245:Plougastel
1132:Châteaulin
1094:John Cutts
1025:Landerneau
1009:Portsmouth
937:Bertheaume
868:Portsmouth
852:Concarneau
840:Saint-Malo
682:Bantry Bay
670:Pondichéry
475:Barretinas
389:2nd Deinze
369:1st Deinze
334:Dottignies
210:17 mortars
197:bomb ships
2084:4°35′44″W
1956:cite book
1691:cite book
1662:cite book
1621:0993-7129
1524:cite book
1494:), p. 767
1452:cite book
1252:Louis XIV
1179:Trez Rouz
1146:Huguenots
1021:chaloupes
929:Roscanvel
927:with the
876:fireships
844:Louis XIV
834:in 1693,
828:Tourville
820:Tourville
816:Barcelona
800:Louis XIV
707:Cherbourg
637:Caribbean
616:Loup Hill
604:Wincanton
562:Waterford
505:Barcelona
490:Torroella
469:Catalonia
458:Marsaglia
433:Staffarda
364:2nd Namur
349:Charleroi
324:1st Namur
232:longboats
206:1,300 men
200:40 or 80
1946:(1973).
1886:(1864).
1860:op. cit.
1847:op. cit.
1739:, p. 193
1737:op. cit.
1726:, p. 334
1724:op. cit.
1713:, p. 191
1711:op. cit.
1650:(1864).
1635:op. cit.
1440:(1865).
1316:See also
1276:James II
1256:Armorica
1229:Le Havre
1150:Macaulay
1140:cannons!
960:General
914:—
712:La Hogue
702:Barfleur
692:Alicante
631:Cromdale
453:Pinerolo
427:Piedmont
411:Mannheim
374:Brussels
299:Walcourt
208:265 guns
183:Strength
67:, France
60:Location
1862:, p.195
1849:, p.335
1637:, p.192
1260:fouages
1247:etc...
1241:Portzic
1233:Dunkirk
1206:Results
1029:Quimper
1017:Camaret
982:Russell
962:Talmash
794:Context
739:Dunkirk
724:Camaret
626:Dunkeld
609:Reading
582:Aughrim
522:Dromore
511:Ireland
463:Valenza
359:2nd Huy
339:1st Huy
309:Fleurus
149: (
100:England
2007:"Flag"
2003:
1923:
1829:
1619:
1609:
1551:
1545:Vauban
1512:
1506:Vauban
1490:
1237:Calais
1225:Dieppe
1110:Ushant
1041:Battle
899:Vauban
848:Vauban
826:After
729:Dieppe
517:Bandon
495:Girona
344:Landen
127:France
124:
110:
97:
73:Result
1344:Notes
846:made
832:Lagos
808:Spain
781:Dutch
777:Anglo
769:Brest
734:Texel
719:Lagos
552:Boyne
547:Cavan
542:Newry
527:Derry
485:Roses
448:Cuneo
421:Mainz
384:Givet
319:Leuze
230:Many
65:Brest
2043:2023
1962:link
1921:ISBN
1827:ISBN
1697:link
1668:link
1617:ISSN
1607:ISBN
1549:ISBN
1530:link
1510:ISBN
1488:ISBN
1458:link
1371:2011
1235:and
1227:and
1027:and
806:and
755:The
664:Asia
443:Nice
438:Susa
314:Mons
304:Bonn
52:Date
1894:829
854:to
394:Ath
195:12
190:36
152:DOW
2113::
2009:.
1988:.
1958:}}
1954:{{
1935:^
1902:^
1693:}}
1689:{{
1664:}}
1660:{{
1615:.
1587:^
1563:^
1526:}}
1522:{{
1454:}}
1450:{{
1409:^
1387:^
1373:).
1312:.
1156::
1000:.
882:.
858:.
155:)
2045:.
1964:)
1929:.
1896:.
1835:.
1810:.
1794:)
1787:)
1780:)
1773:)
1766:)
1759:)
1699:)
1670:)
1623:.
1557:.
1532:)
1518:.
1460:)
1366:(
779:-
266:e
259:t
252:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
