37:
229:
529:
army under his command, Georgia being a
Persian vassal (and its royal families being related by marriage). Tokhmak Khan tried to encircle the Ottoman army and was about to succeed when Ottoman commander
485:, a part of Persia, took refuge in Ottoman lands, an event which further created tension between the two empires. İsmail II soon died and during the interregnum following his death, the
1266:
546:
tried to attack
Ottoman supply units after the battle, they were forced to retreat and when a bridge was wrecked during this retreat they lost further troops. These defeats left the
222:
341:
308:
298:
215:
303:
293:
278:
273:
1764:
288:
268:
334:
1445:
2678:
2152:
327:
2663:
2133:
741:
2617:
1331:
2698:
579:
409:
382:
253:
72:
732:
1828:
2668:
1247:
442:
239:
28:
2626:
1385:
933:
2673:
1411:
1627:
2693:
1046:
1622:
837:
1733:
947:
481:
who changed the peaceful policy towards
Ottomans and began hostilities in the border area. Meanwhile, the governor of
2683:
666:
143:
2561:
1879:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1906:
1646:
1471:
1090:
795:
2477:
830:
394:
1658:
2688:
2571:
2539:
2128:
1984:
1960:
1895:
1890:
1885:
725:
518:
2555:
2406:
2215:
1806:
531:
161:
2381:
2225:
1918:
1095:
2302:
1520:
1438:
2658:
1740:
1464:
1431:
1390:
1032:
754:
1727:
1611:
2451:
1900:
1633:
1617:
1552:
1287:
1273:
1193:
589:
377:
1110:
2576:
2281:
2071:
1991:
1978:
1851:
1840:
1356:
1156:
1080:
718:
594:
362:
2411:
1678:
1534:
2549:
2533:
2493:
2444:
2256:
2220:
2123:
2107:
2076:
2031:
2026:
1997:
1912:
1673:
1598:
1592:
1075:
1003:
997:
2089:
1751:
1705:
1128:
2487:
2433:
2230:
2203:
1973:
1693:
1652:
1562:
1527:
1379:
1324:
1233:
1226:
1167:
1015:
987:
953:
263:
117:
The
Ottoman army entered Tbilisi and took control of the Georgian Kingdoms of Kartli and Kaheti
2002:
893:
710:
2457:
2391:
2371:
2198:
2041:
2007:
1492:
1452:
1253:
1212:
958:
908:
774:
2422:
1746:
1663:
1485:
2482:
2386:
2361:
2327:
2276:
2209:
2118:
2036:
2013:
1967:
1846:
1721:
1699:
1640:
1586:
1575:
1350:
1337:
1205:
1141:
898:
864:
858:
696:
Matthee, Rudi (2014). "The
Ottoman-Safavid War of 986-998/1578-90: Motives and Causes". In
563:
404:
170:
2171:
1373:
992:
926:
876:
8:
2509:
2504:
2428:
2416:
2376:
2332:
2066:
1770:
1683:
1568:
1499:
1299:
1179:
1116:
914:
802:
490:
399:
372:
1240:
881:
2591:
2586:
2350:
2343:
2337:
2315:
2286:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2138:
2051:
2046:
1933:
1856:
1786:
1780:
1368:
1219:
1186:
1085:
1070:
1065:
975:
970:
964:
809:
551:
514:
419:
414:
157:
2263:
2193:
1775:
2515:
2499:
2467:
2309:
2291:
2270:
2113:
2082:
1834:
1757:
1710:
1668:
1581:
1557:
1546:
1513:
1362:
1317:
1293:
1259:
851:
844:
823:
816:
781:
662:
584:
526:
426:
367:
283:
1800:
2544:
2182:
2176:
2020:
1953:
1688:
1396:
1173:
1161:
1135:
1122:
1105:
940:
920:
903:
887:
788:
462:
207:
2596:
2581:
2566:
2462:
2401:
2396:
2356:
2296:
2240:
2188:
2061:
2056:
1811:
1793:
1715:
1604:
1540:
1458:
1343:
1100:
1009:
981:
870:
458:
2472:
2366:
2321:
1478:
1151:
745:
454:
137:
131:
506:
62:
2652:
2438:
1280:
1146:
486:
473:
of Persia sent presents to Murat III. But before the
Persian delegation left
87:
74:
36:
697:
567:
165:
319:
682:(condensation: Abdülkadir Karahan), Milliyet yayınları, Istanbul. p. 96
522:
478:
470:
466:
701:
547:
543:
510:
482:
474:
559:
740:
555:
489:
decided to declare war. The war continued during the reign of
477:, the Ottoman capital, Tahmasp died (1576). The new shah was
566:
in Russia). By this conquest
Ottomans were able to reach the
16:
Battle between the
Ottoman Turks and Iran in the 16th century
615:
The
Cambridge History of Iran: The Timur and Safavid Periods
66:
558:, the Georgian capital. The next step was the conquest of
625:
623:
469:
of the
Ottoman Empire ascended to the throne in 1574,
661:(trans:Nilüfer Epçeli) Yeditepe yayınevi, Istanbul,
620:
237:
617:, Vol.6, (Cambridge University Press, 1986), 257.
2650:
505:, the main battle was around a small fort named
726:
521:who had represented Persia in Istanbul after
335:
223:
2618:List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century
648:, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, Istanbul, 1991 p. 21
41:Depiction of a battle in the Ottoman Empire
733:
719:
517:and the commander of the Persian army was
342:
328:
230:
216:
35:
349:
703:International Journal of Turkish Studies
513:. The commander of the Ottoman army was
2679:Battles involving the Kingdom of Kartli
695:
629:
580:Lala Mustafa Pasha's Caucasian campaign
254:Lala Mustafa Pasha's Caucasian campaign
2651:
2627:List of Ottoman battles in World War I
613:Jackson, Peter and Laurence Lockhart,
525:'s accession. Tokhmak Khan also had a
2613:For 20th-century battles before 1914
714:
323:
211:
2664:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
640:
638:
2622:For the battles during World War I
13:
659:Geschichte des Osmanischen vol III
644:Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim:
501:After initial combat in so-called
465:continued from 1555 to 1578. When
14:
2710:
2699:16th century in Georgia (country)
635:
443:Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)
241:Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)
29:Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)
2669:Battles involving Safavid Iran
672:
651:
607:
441:was fought in 1578 during the
1:
706:. Vol. 20, Nos 1& 2.
600:
534:intervened and defeated him.
519:Mohammad Khan Tokhmaq Ustajlu
448:
537:
200:5,000-7,000 killed in action
7:
2674:History of Ardahan Province
573:
10:
2715:
2694:1578 in the Ottoman Empire
700:; Balgamış, Deniz (eds.).
689:
2637:Ottoman victories are in
2635:
2609:
2525:
2164:
2151:
2099:
1945:
1932:
1820:
1423:
1410:
1309:
1058:
1045:
1025:
766:
753:
590:Treaty of Istanbul (1590)
496:
357:
249:
191:
176:
151:
125:
45:
34:
26:
21:
2684:History of Kars Province
459:Persian (Safavid) Empire
646:Türkiye tarihi Cilt III
532:Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha
162:Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha
453:The peace between the
264:Battle of Mollahasanli
152:Commanders and leaders
680:Osmanlı Tarihi Vol II
550:to Ottoman conquest.
351:Georgian–Ottoman Wars
192:Casualties and losses
2689:16th century in Iran
595:Ottoman–Persian Wars
564:Republic of Dagestan
171:Tokhmaq Khan Ustajlu
678:Joseph von Hammer:
491:Mohammed Khodabanda
88:41.1289°N 43.1328°E
84: /
552:Lala Mustafa Pasha
515:Lala Mustafa Pasha
383:Caucasian campaign
158:Lala Mustafa Pasha
2659:Conflicts in 1578
2646:
2645:
2605:
2604:
2156:(1789–1908)
2147:
2146:
1937:(1700–1789)
1928:
1927:
1415:(1550–1700)
1406:
1405:
1050:(1453–1550)
1041:
1040:
758:(1299–1453)
585:Battle of Torches
509:in north-eastern
434:
433:
317:
316:
284:Battle of Torches
206:
205:
144:Kingdom of Kartli
121:
120:
2706:
2540:2nd Kerch Strait
2162:
2161:
2157:
2129:1st Kerch Strait
1943:
1942:
1938:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1386:Strait of Hormuz
1248:Peñón of Algiers
1056:
1055:
1051:
764:
763:
759:
735:
728:
721:
712:
711:
707:
683:
676:
670:
655:
649:
642:
633:
627:
618:
611:
463:treaty of Amasya
439:Battle of Çıldır
388:Battle of Çıldır
352:
344:
337:
330:
321:
320:
259:Battle of Çıldır
244:
242:
232:
225:
218:
209:
208:
99:
98:
96:
95:
94:
93:41.1289; 43.1328
89:
85:
82:
81:
80:
77:
47:
46:
39:
22:Battle of Çıldır
19:
18:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2631:
2601:
2562:6th Dardanelles
2556:5th Dardanelles
2521:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2095:
1936:
1935:
1924:
1880:4th Dardanelles
1874:3rd Dardanelles
1869:2nd Dardanelles
1863:1st Dardanelles
1816:
1628:2nd Zrínyiújvár
1623:1st Zrínyiújvár
1618:Jurjeve Stijene
1414:
1413:
1402:
1305:
1049:
1048:
1037:
1021:
757:
756:
749:
739:
692:
687:
686:
677:
673:
657:Nicolae Jorga:
656:
652:
643:
636:
628:
621:
612:
608:
603:
576:
554:soon conquered
540:
499:
451:
435:
430:
424:
353:
350:
348:
318:
313:
245:
240:
238:
236:
201:
187:7,000 Georgians
186:
185:25,000 Persians
164:
160:
113:
107:Ottoman victory
92:
90:
86:
83:
78:
75:
73:
71:
70:
69:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2712:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2620:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2159:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1949:
1947:
1940:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1859:
1854:
1852:Cape Celidonia
1849:
1844:
1837:
1832:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1649:
1647:Saint Gotthard
1644:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1543:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1521:Alcácer Quibir
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1427:
1425:
1418:
1412:Transformation
1408:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1053:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1016:Constantinople
1012:
1007:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
978:
973:
968:
961:
956:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
918:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
884:
879:
874:
867:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
770:
768:
761:
751:
750:
746:Ottoman Empire
744:involving the
738:
737:
730:
723:
715:
709:
708:
691:
688:
685:
684:
671:
650:
634:
619:
605:
604:
602:
599:
598:
597:
592:
587:
582:
575:
572:
539:
536:
498:
495:
455:Ottoman Empire
450:
447:
432:
431:
429:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
391:
390:
380:
375:
370:
365:
359:
358:
355:
354:
347:
346:
339:
332:
324:
315:
314:
312:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
250:
247:
246:
235:
234:
227:
220:
212:
204:
203:
202:3,000 executed
198:
194:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
174:
173:
168:
154:
153:
149:
148:
147:
146:
138:Safavid Persia
134:
132:Ottoman Empire
128:
127:
123:
122:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
61:
59:
55:
54:
53:August 9, 1578
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2711:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:Naval battles
2524:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:Philippopolis
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2153:Modernization
2150:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:Naval battles
2098:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
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1821:Naval battles
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1310:Naval battles
1308:
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1047:Classical Age
1044:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:Naval battles
1024:
1018:
1017:
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724:
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717:
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705:
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699:
698:Karpat, Kemal
694:
693:
681:
675:
668:
667:975-6480-20-3
664:
660:
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647:
641:
639:
632:, p. 18.
631:
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508:
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503:Cambaz Çukuru
494:
492:
488:
487:Ottoman Porte
484:
480:
476:
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468:
464:
460:
456:
446:
444:
440:
428:
425:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
410:1703 invasion
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
389:
386:
385:
384:
381:
379:
378:1547 invasion
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
363:1508 campaign
361:
360:
356:
345:
340:
338:
333:
331:
326:
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310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
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68:
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2514:
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2421:
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2320:
2308:
2301:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2208:
2181:
2165:Land battles
2106:
2088:
2081:
2019:
2012:
1990:
1983:
1979:2nd Belgrade
1974:Petrovaradin
1966:
1959:
1952:
1946:Land battles
1917:
1905:
1878:
1861:
1839:
1827:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1765:Egri Palanka
1763:
1756:
1739:
1732:
1720:
1698:
1651:
1639:
1632:
1610:
1603:
1591:
1574:
1567:
1545:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1424:Land battles
1395:
1391:Gulf of Oman
1378:
1361:
1349:
1342:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1298:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1166:
1134:
1127:
1115:
1081:1st Belgrade
1059:Land battles
1014:
1002:
980:
963:
954:Hermannstadt
946:
939:
934:Thessalonica
932:
925:
913:
886:
869:
859:Philadelphia
857:
850:
843:
838:Sırp Sındığı
836:
829:
822:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
775:Kulaca Hisar
773:
767:Land battles
702:
679:
674:
658:
653:
645:
630:Matthee 2014
614:
609:
541:
502:
500:
452:
438:
436:
387:
258:
136:
126:Belligerents
2458:Shipka Pass
2412:Başgedikler
2407:Akhaltsikhe
2372:Akhaltsikhe
2216:Mount Tabor
2199:Shubra Khit
2134:2nd Ochakov
2077:2nd Ochakov
2037:Stavunchany
2032:1st Ochakov
1576:Nagykanizsa
1254:Leobersdorf
568:Caspian Sea
493:in Persia.
166:Sinan Pasha
112:Territorial
91: /
2653:Categories
2452:Kızıl Tepe
2328:Dervenakia
2226:Heliopolis
2090:Karánsebes
2014:Banja Luka
1934:Old Regime
1919:Samothrace
1847:Cape Corvo
1741:Negroponte
1728:2nd Mohács
1722:Vrtijeljka
1689:2nd Vienna
1674:2nd Khotyn
1659:Krasnobród
1599:1st Khotyn
1587:Tashiskari
1553:Călugăreni
1500:Gvozdansko
1472:Mostaganem
1351:Formentera
1344:1st Jeddah
1241:1st Mohács
1206:Mercidabık
1142:Breadfield
1129:Valea Albă
1091:Târgoviște
1076:2nd Oranik
1004:2nd Kosovo
998:1st Oranik
899:Karanovasa
865:Dubravnica
831:Adrianople
601:References
461:after the
449:Background
405:Tashiskari
79:43°07′58″E
76:41°07′44″N
2510:Velestino
2505:Al Wajbah
2429:Eupatoria
2417:Kurekdere
2377:Kulevicha
2333:Karpenisi
2303:Drăgășani
2067:Kozludzha
2003:Yeghevārd
1907:Oinousses
1771:Slankamen
1684:Trembowla
1634:Novi Zrin
1569:Keresztes
1563:2nd Brest
1528:1st Brest
1300:Sokhoista
1288:Esztergom
1213:Han Yunus
1157:Cătlăbuga
1117:Otlukbeli
1096:2nd Mokra
1033:Gallipoli
988:1st Mokra
948:Novo Brdo
915:Nicopolis
894:Kırkdilim
817:Gallipoli
803:Pelekanon
562:(present
542:Although
538:Aftermath
523:Murad III
479:Ismail II
471:Tahmasp I
467:Murat III
400:Nakhiduri
373:Sokhoista
2592:Navarino
2587:Gerontas
2550:Kaliakra
2483:Taşkesen
2473:4th Kars
2439:3rd Kars
2434:Chernaya
2423:Oltenița
2387:2nd Acre
2362:2nd Kars
2351:Phaleron
2344:Kamatero
2338:Arachova
2316:Vasilika
2287:Valtetsi
2251:Al-Safra
2246:Slobozia
2236:Arpachai
2210:1st Acre
2204:Pyramids
2139:Fidonisi
2052:Aspindza
2047:Khresili
2042:1st Kars
1901:Mytilene
1857:Focchies
1787:Moulouya
1781:Ustechko
1747:Batočina
1664:Niemirów
1612:Köbölkút
1439:Temesvár
1369:Girolata
1332:Balearic
1220:Ridanieh
1200:Koçhisar
1187:Turnadag
1180:Çaldıran
1086:Albulena
1071:Krusevac
1066:Leskovac
976:Torvioll
971:Kunovica
965:Zlatitsa
810:Demotika
574:See also
548:Caucasus
544:Persians
527:Georgian
511:Anatolia
483:Lorestan
475:Istanbul
420:Aspindza
415:Khresili
309:Karabakh
299:Luristan
177:Strength
58:Location
27:Part of
2639:italics
2577:Nauplia
2572:Algiers
2516:Domokos
2500:Mouzaki
2488:Novšiće
2468:Aladzha
2445:Al-Hasa
2382:Algiers
2310:Sculeni
2292:Doliana
2282:Erzurum
2271:Alamana
2183:Giurgiu
2172:Focșani
2114:Matapan
2083:Mehadia
2072:Kinburn
2027:Perekop
1992:Samarra
1985:Kurijan
1896:Algiers
1891:Algiers
1886:Algiers
1835:Lepanto
1758:Zernest
1752:2nd Niš
1711:Eperjes
1694:Párkány
1669:Komarno
1653:Ładyżyn
1582:Sufiyan
1558:Giurgiu
1514:Torches
1486:Szigeth
1465:Tlemcen
1432:Tlemcen
1374:Alborán
1363:Preveza
1318:Zonchio
1294:Karagak
1274:Algiers
1267:Baghdad
1260:Gorjani
1234:Tlemcen
1194:Algiers
1136:Shkodra
993:Otonetë
959:1st Niš
941:Golubac
927:Çamurlu
877:Pločnik
852:Maritsa
845:Samokov
824:Ihtiman
782:Bapheus
742:Battles
690:Sources
669:,p. 207
560:Derbent
427:Chkheri
368:Karagak
304:Hamadan
279:Tbilisi
274:Derbent
269:Shirvan
197:Unknown
182:Unknown
114:changes
65:, near
2545:Tendra
2534:Andros
2494:Ulcinj
2463:Plevna
2277:Gravia
2257:Jeddah
2221:Abukir
2189:Izmail
2177:Rymnik
2124:Patras
2108:Imbros
2021:Grocka
1998:Kirkuk
1954:Chelif
1913:Andros
1829:Cyprus
1734:Crimea
1605:Candia
1593:Cecora
1507:Çıldır
1446:Palast
1397:Djerba
1174:Dubica
1168:Krbava
1162:Vrpile
1123:Vaslui
1106:Vaikal
921:Ankara
904:Rovine
888:Kosovo
882:Bileća
796:Nicaea
789:Dimbos
748:by era
665:
556:Tiflis
507:Çıldır
497:Battle
294:Tabriz
104:Result
63:Çıldır
2597:Sinop
2582:Samos
2567:Athos
2402:Nezib
2397:Konya
2367:Varna
2357:Petra
2297:Lalas
2264:Čegar
2241:Batin
2231:Derna
2194:Măcin
2119:Çeşme
2062:Kagul
2057:Larga
2008:Ganja
1968:Pruth
1841:Tunis
1812:Zenta
1794:Lugos
1776:Hodów
1716:Kassa
1641:Jijel
1547:Banat
1541:Sisak
1535:Bihać
1479:Krupa
1459:Tadla
1380:Ponza
1357:Tunis
1325:Modon
1227:Jajce
1152:Adana
1111:Meçad
1101:Ohrid
1010:Polog
982:Varna
909:Ohrid
871:Savra
2392:Hims
2322:Peta
1961:Oran
1807:Azov
1801:Ulaş
1700:Buda
1679:Lwów
1281:Pest
755:Rise
663:ISBN
457:and
437:The
395:Gori
289:Kars
67:Kars
50:Date
2624:see
2615:see
1706:Vác
1493:Fez
1453:Fez
1338:Diu
1147:Una
2655::
637:^
622:^
570:.
445:.
2641:.
734:e
727:t
720:v
343:e
336:t
329:v
231:e
224:t
217:v
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