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274:. Rice was stored within the roof and was supported by six large wooden pillars, which carried large wooden discs to prevent rodent ingress. The open platform beneath the roof structure was used as a working and general storage space and as a sleeping place for guests and unmarried men. Rice barns are now rarely used for grain storage, and many have been converted to living areas by walling off the open-air section between the sub-structure and the roof and adding a door.
20:
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living area provides an attic space. Family heirlooms and sometimes shrines are stored here. Traditionally, the Toba Batak would cook over a hearth at the front of the living room making the living area smoky. With recent changes in hygiene practises, the kitchen is now often in an extension at the rear of the house.
402:
The house is decorated with braided bamboo in a variety of geometric designs. The geometric designs have been classified into seventeen types, each having special magic properties, such as the Tupak salah Silima-lima (five-pointed star), symbolising the merga silima, and deterring those who would try
225:
The large steeply-pitched saddle back roof dominates the structure. The roofs are traditionally thatched, and with no internal roof trusses, they provide a large internal space. Sharply projected triangular eaves and gables overlap all around the substructure. The front gable extends further than the
461:
The house was structured so that the pengulu (leader) of the house occupied the front-left room, with his sembuyak (parents) in the room to the right. In a mirror image, his anak beru and kalimbubu would occupy the corresponding rooms entering from the rear of the house. The four rooms in the middle
99:
has traditionally been a large house in which a group of families lives communally. During the day, the interior is a shared living space, and at night, cloth or matting drapes provide families with privacy. Most Batak now live in modern homes, and many traditional houses are abandoned or in a poor
145:
Irrigated rice cultivation can support a large population, and the Toba and the Karo live in densely clustered villages, which are limited to around ten homes to save farming land. Unirrigated slash-and-burn agriculture supported smaller villages with only several houses. All villages are located
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heads which, with two lateral beams mortised into them, form a great ring beam bearing the small living area. The substructure is strengthened by beams mortised into the piles which double as night stalls for cattle. Walls are lightweight and lean outwards and provide additional stability to the
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Each Batak group has its own rules and traditions guiding the village layout. Toba Batak houses are laid-out side by side with their front gables facing the street. Traditionally, each house would have had a rice barn granary opposite which would be a complementary row in the village. The street
241:
The living area, which is supported by lateral and transverse beams, is small and dark. Light enters through a small window on each of the four sides. The inhabitants spend most of their time outdoors and the house is largely used for sleeping. A flat wooden ceiling over the front third of the
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The most basic house, known as rumah beru-beru, has a basic hip and saddle roof. The rumah tersek has a double-storied roof with a saddle roof on top of the lower part. This improves ventilation in the house, reducing the impact of cooking smoke. A house with four gables, known as a
386:
The colours used in Karo designs are red, white, and black. The red signifies a zest for life, a 'get-up-and-go', the colour seen in traditional clothes used in weddings, black the colour of death, man's ignorance of Dibata's (God) will, and white, the colour of God's holiness.
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To choose a suitable site for the house, the guru (witch doctor) would be consulted, who would determine whether the land was bad or good. A plot would be staked out using coconut fronds, and other villagers would be given four days to object to the proposed construction.
395:. Ornaments in Karo houses served traditionally to protect the residents from evil spirits, and to demonstrate the status of the owner. With the fading of traditional religious beliefs (permena), they are now largely decorative and a reminder of past cultural traditions.
390:
Ornamentation is fundamental in Karo houses, with
Buffalo horns an essential decoration of the rumah adat, and two white-painted horns are mounted on each end of the roof (the mounting is done in the night, so nobody sees), using both male and female
217:
with rattan cord, while the base of the wall sits on the ring beam. The rafters spring from the wall plate and are angled outwards producing the roof curve. Instead of horizontal bracing battens, diagonal ties—running from the middle of the
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After the four-day period had elapsed, a hole was dug in the centre of the plot, into which was placed a knife, betel leaf, and rice. The guru and the kalimbubu and anak beru would perform rites to determine that the ground was suitable.
202:. The houses are made up of three sections. A substructure of large wooden pillars resting on flat stones (or concrete nowadays) protects the structure from rising dampness. Some of these pillars support longitudinal beams known as
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near watercourses and fields. Internecine Batak warfare before the twentieth century saw villages sited in easily defensible positions. High bamboo stockades fortified Pakpak villages and barriers of earthen
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The Karo adat house has two entrances, on the north and south ends, with a small terrace (ture) on each and stairs leading up to the house. The ture serves as a place to bathe children and to chat at night.
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After the site was ready, a seven-day ceremony was performed, consulting the spirits of the forest (for wood) and arranging payment for the craftsmen responsible for creating the decoration of the house.
361:, for multiple-family occupancy, up to twelve families in some areas, though usually eight. A Karo longhouse would be large, to accommodate so many families, and is built on stilts.
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the front gable faces the neighbouring house's rear gable. The Karo and the Pakpak do not lay their houses out in streets but around village focal points such as the meeting hall (
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were accessed through a trap door concealing steps in the floor, times are now less dangerous, and more convenient wooden ladders at the front of the house provide access.
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127:
The Toba and Karo Batak live in permanent villages and cultivate irrigated rice and vegetables. On the other hand, the
Angkola, the Mandailing, and the Pakpak practiced
103:
The architecture and village layouts of the six Batak groups also show significant differences. Toba Batak houses, for example, are boat-shaped with intricately carved
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The keben or rice barn is an important part of Karo culture, since rice represents a store of wealth, and the size of the keben therefore demonstrates one's wealth.
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rear gable and is finely carved and painted with motifs of suns, starts, cockerels, and geometric motifs in red, white, and black. The rear roof remains plain.
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430:. The roof is the dominant feature of the house, sometimes being as tall as 15 metres high, against the supports and walls, both around 1.5 metres each.
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has two saddle roofs crossed at right angles. In some cases, an anjong-anjong, or miniature house, may be placed atop the house for further decoration
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78:. While the groups are now Muslim or Christian, elements of the ancient Batak religion remain, particularly amongst the Karo.
206:, which run the length of the house at head height to carry the massive roof. Other pillars carry two large beams with carved
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The painting of the interweaving of two "ajo", the interlaced triangles intended for the roofing of a traditional Karo house.
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The original Toba Batak houses were large communal houses, but these have now become rare, with most houses now built in the
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fibres for binding (no nails or screws are used) and for the thatched roof. The design is naturally earthquake-resistant.
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All the occupants of the village would then erect the pillars supporting the house, after which they would eat together.
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with both modern and traditional materials. While more spacious, better ventilated, brighter, and cheaper to build, the
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and upsweeping roof ridges. Karo Batak houses rise up in tiers. Both are built on piles and are derived from an ancient
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and is used as an area for work the drying of rice. The
Mandailing also build their houses in rows, however, like the
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Geometric ornamentation on Karo house c. 1914-1919. Each design has a specific meaning or power. Note the stylised
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of the house were of lower status and each contained a kitchen, which was shared with the rooms on their outside.
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are still lived, they are generally smaller single-family dwellings. Whereas previous versions of the
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agriculture which required frequent changes of location and their villages were only semi-permanent.
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The traditional eight-family Karo longhouse contained four kitchens, each shared between two
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Architectural traditions and designs of the various Batak peoples of North
Sumatra, Indonesia
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95:("rice barn") are the three main building types common to the different Batak groups. The
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structure. The wall and the wall plate supporting the rafters hang from the
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formed between the row of houses and the row of granaries is known as the
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refers to the related architectural traditions and designs of the various
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The roof of the Karo house is different from other Batak people, being a
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Kinship, descent, and alliance among the Karo Batak - Masri
Singarimbun
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Les Batak: des hommes en Indonésie : un peuple de l'île de
Sumatra
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Toba Batak's extended family alongside their intricately carved
50:. Six groups of Batak speak separate but related languages: the
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354:, oriented North-South, possibly for shelter from the sun.
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270:) were built in a similar style but are smaller than the
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The houses are constructed from wood, and bamboo, using
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Breath becomes the wind: old and new in Karo religion
601:"Indigenous Peoples of the World — The Karo Batak"
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474:Traditional Karo keben (rice house), c. 1910-1930
398:Ornaments of Karo homes are found in three ways:
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222:to the gable ends—provide reinforcement.
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579:. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 36–39.
545:. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 35–36.
330:(miniature house above it as adornment) and
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577:The Traditional Architecture of Indonesia
543:The Traditional Architecture of Indonesia
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417:protects the occupants from evil spirits
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406:The kitchen is decorated with carvings
253:is considered more prestigious. Where
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765:Cross, Pamela A. (January 18, 2014).
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575:Dawson, Barry; Gillow, John (1994).
541:Dawson, Barry; Gillow, John (1994).
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334:(two saddle roofs at right angles)
14:
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729:"TRADITIONAL HOUSE SI WALUH JABU"
1324:Post-colonial & contemporary
1227:Mosque architecture in Indonesia
622:"Rumah Khas Karo Terancam Punah"
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182:Toba Batak houses near Lake Toba
777:from the original on 2018-08-05
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346:(traditional house), known as '
294:) along the length of each wall
150:with bamboo fencing and trees.
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681:
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198:is the Toba language word for
186:Batak Toba culture centres on
1:
1260:Church buildings in Indonesia
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403:to upset the integrity of it.
1222:List of mosques in Indonesia
7:
1179:Hindu-Buddhism in Indonesia
1085:Sundanese traditional house
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10:
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985:Javanese traditional house
866:Balinese traditional house
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166:) or rice-pounding house (
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1186:Ancient monuments of Java
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821:Architecture of Indonesia
767:"Karo Batak architecture"
605:www.peoplesoftheworld.org
512:Architecture of Indonesia
306:(hip and saddle), c. 1870
190:and the sacred island of
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1393:Vernacular architecture
829:Vernacular architecture
517:Vernacular architecture
507:Architecture of Sumatra
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264:Toba Batak rice barns (
734:. repository.usu.ac.id
694:. repository.usu.ac.id
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1341:Soejoedi Wirjoatmodjo
851:Bali Aga architecture
706:registration required
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194:that lies within it.
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1373:Architectural styles
771:Tribal textiles.info
657:repository.usu.ac.id
357:Karo rumah adat are
1300:Nieuwe Zakelijkheid
1290:Indies Empire style
1280:Henri Maclaine Pont
773:. Tribal Textiles.
350:', is, as with the
328:rumah anjong-anjong
62:, to the north the
1210:Islam in Indonesia
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247:ethnic Malay style
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85:("meeting hall"),
58:to the south, the
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174:Toba architecture
100:state of repair.
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1196:Candi bentar
1099:Other region
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1005:Kalang house
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779:. Retrieved
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626:the original
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348:Siwaluh Jabu
337:
332:si empat ayo
331:
327:
318:(extra tier)
315:
303:
302:Karo houses
287:
271:
265:
263:
258:
254:
250:
244:
240:
234:
224:
219:
214:
207:
203:
199:
195:
185:
167:
163:
155:
152:
144:
126:
102:
96:
90:
86:
82:
80:
35:
34:
24:
1019:Minangkabau
957:Long houses
913:Rumah Bolon
856:Bale kulkul
314:Karo house
160:Minangkabau
42:peoples of
1388:Rumah adat
1383:Batak Karo
1367:Categories
881:Meru tower
738:2020-04-25
698:2020-04-25
662:2020-04-25
632:2010-11-10
523:References
359:longhouses
352:Rumah Aceh
200:rumah adat
74:, and the
72:Simalungun
56:Mandailing
29:Toba Batak
1201:Paduraksa
1146:Palembang
1131:Manggarai
1077:Sundanese
1031:Rangkiang
1026:Balairung
1010:Saka guru
980:Alun-alun
891:Padmasana
886:Paduraksa
781:August 5,
304:beru-beru
220:labe-labe
215:labe-labe
204:labe-labe
188:Lake Toba
48:Indonesia
1353:Category
1136:Mentawai
1121:Gayonese
1106:Acehnese
1000:Pendhapa
972:Javanese
896:Wantilan
844:Balinese
775:Archived
501:See also
428:hip roof
148:ramparts
115:Villages
111:model.
109:Dong-Son
1116:Enggano
962:Sandung
918:Geriten
482:Gallery
413:carved
393:buffalo
192:Samosir
52:Angkola
1161:Toraja
1111:Banjar
1050:Papuan
995:Kraton
928:Jambur
583:
549:
342:rumah
168:lesung
156:alaman
105:gables
70:, the
64:Pakpak
54:, the
1378:Batak
1237:Tajug
1232:Surau
1217:Bedug
1191:Candi
1166:Uluan
1156:Sumba
1151:Sasak
1126:Malay
1090:Leuit
1057:Honai
1041:Surau
990:Joglo
953:Liang
947:Dayak
933:Singa
923:Gorga
905:Batak
871:Bhoma
732:(PDF)
692:(PDF)
653:(PDF)
466:Keben
456:Marga
415:gecko
326:Karo
316:tesek
292:gecko
288:cicak
209:singa
97:rumah
87:rumah
68:Dairi
40:Batak
31:house
1141:Nias
938:Sopo
783:2018
581:ISBN
547:ISBN
422:Roof
366:ijuk
344:adat
340:Karo
338:The
272:jabu
267:sopo
259:jabu
255:jabu
251:jabu
235:jabu
196:Jabu
164:bale
139:Karo
92:sopo
83:bale
81:The
76:Karo
60:Toba
25:jabu
1062:Jew
689:"?"
458:).
409:An
170:).
1369::
769:.
671:^
655:.
641:^
613:^
603:.
561:^
531:^
46:,
27:-
23:A
813:e
806:t
799:v
785:.
741:.
708:)
704:(
701:.
665:.
635:.
607:.
589:.
555:.
290:(
66:/
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