Church of the Holy Sepulchre

2581: 327: 3091: 1536: 2971: 2778: 2299: 2624: 3164: 2963: 2636: 1685: 3133: 2381: 2672: 56: 2597: 4621:: "Following an inspiration from on high, Macarius caused the three crosses to be carried, one after the other, to the bedside of a worthy woman who was at the point of death. The touch of the other two was of no avail; but on touching that upon which Christ had died the woman got suddenly well again. From a letter of St. Paulinus to Severus inserted in the Breviary of Paris it would appear that St. Helena herself had sought by means of a miracle to discover which was the True Cross and that she caused a man already dead and buried to be carried to the spot, whereupon, by contact with the third cross, he came to life. From yet another tradition, related by 2684: 2648: 2058: 2711:, in reference to a small shrine. The Aedicule has two rooms: the first holds a relic called the Angel's Stone, which is believed to be a fragment of the large stone that sealed the tomb; the second, smaller room contains the tomb of Jesus. Possibly to prevent pilgrims from removing bits of the original rock as souvenirs, by 1555, a surface of marble cladding was placed on the tomb to prevent further damage to the tomb. In October 2016, the top slab was pulled back to reveal an older, partially broken marble slab with a Crusader-style cross carved in it. Beneath it, the limestone burial bed was revealed to be intact. 3036: 1178: 2070: 3197: 2855: 2453: 3008: 1255: 1169: 3524: 2319: 9512: 2461: 2660: 2910: 2612: 2251:—is placed in front of, and between, the church's two original entrance doors, of which the eastern one is walled up. It is one of the few tombs of crusaders and other Europeans not removed from the Church after the Khwarizmian capture of Jerusalem in 1244. In the 1900s, during a fight between the Greeks and Latins, some monks damaged the tomb by throwing stones from the roof. A stone marker was placed on his tomb in 1925, sheltered by a wooden trapdoor that hides it from view. 1820: 2871: 1751: 3504:, a Franciscan priest and archaeologist, who was present at the excavations, estimated from the archaeological evidence that the western retaining wall of the temple itself would have passed extremely close to the east side of the supposed tomb; if the wall had been any further west any tomb would have been crushed under the weight of the wall (which would be immediately above it) if it had not already been destroyed when foundations for the wall were made. 9946: 8920: 3323:. The wooden doors that compose the main entrance are the original, highly carved doors. The Joudeh al-Goudia (al-Ghodayya) family were entrusted as custodian to the keys of the Holy Sepulchre by Saladin in 1187. Despite occasional disagreements, religious services take place in the Church with regularity and coexistence is generally peaceful. An example of concord between the Church custodians is the full restoration of the Aedicule from 2016 to 2017. 1838:, and that area has remained under Israeli control ever since. Under Israeli rule, legal arrangements relating to the churches of East Jerusalem were maintained in coordination with the Jordanian government. The dome at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was restored again in 1994–97 as part of extensive modern renovations that have been ongoing since 1959. During the 1970–78 restoration works and excavations inside the building, and under the nearby 3484:, which is smaller than the former forum). The forum itself had been placed, as is traditional in Roman towns, at the junction of the main north–south road with the other main east–west road (which is now El-Bazar/David Street). The temple and forum together took up the entire space between the two main east–west roads (a few above-ground remains of the east end of the temple precinct still survive in the Alexander Nevsky Church complex of the 3237: 9934: 8908: 9958: 8932: 3663: 3649: 1961: 3515:(Venus) matching Corbo's design, and no archaeological evidence for Corbo's suggestion that the temple building was on a platform raised high enough to avoid including anything sited where the Aedicule is now; indeed Bahat notes that many temples to Aphrodite have a rotunda-like design, and argues that there is no archaeological reason to assume that the present rotunda was not based on a rotunda in the temple previously on the site. 2954:-type funeral shafts radiating from a central chamber, two of which are still exposed. Although this space was discovered relatively recently and contains no identifying marks, some believe that Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus were buried here. Since Jews always buried their dead outside the city, the presence of this tomb seems to prove that the Holy Sepulchre site was outside the city walls at the time of the crucifixion. 9982: 8956: 9970: 8944: 1341:. In 841, the church suffered a fire. In 935, the Christians prevented the construction of a Muslim mosque adjacent to the Church. In 938, a new fire damaged the inside of the basilica and came close to the rotunda. In 966, due to a defeat of Muslim armies in the region of Syria, a riot broke out, which was followed by reprisals. The basilica was burned again. The doors and roof were burnt, and Patriarch 3457: 1472:. Historians agree that the fate of Jerusalem and thereby the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was also of concern, if not the immediate goal of papal policy in 1095. The idea of taking Jerusalem gained more focus as the Crusade was underway. The rebuilt church site was taken from the Fatimids (who had recently taken it from the Abbasids) by the knights of the First Crusade on 15 July 1099. 3992: 1528:, chronicler of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, reports on the rebuilding of the church in the mid-12th century. The Crusaders investigated the eastern ruins on the site, occasionally excavating through the rubble, and while attempting to reach the cistern, they discovered part of the original ground level of Hadrian's temple enclosure; they transformed this space into a 1410:

from the passion, such as the location of the prison of Christ and his flagellation, and presumably were so placed because of the difficulties of free movement among shrines in the city streets. The dedication of these chapels indicates the importance of the pilgrims' devotion to the suffering of Christ. They have been described as "a sort of

3448:– an organization that seeks to increase the number of Jews living in the Old City and East Jerusalem. The church leaders warned that if the organization gets to control the sites, Christians could lose access to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. In June 2022, the Supreme Court upheld the sale and ended the legal battle. 3437:. But, due to property sales, these properties are diminishing every year. The decision to sell is made by Greek leaders, even though most local followers of the church are Arab Palestinians. The Palestinian Christians have raised concerns about selling these properties to Israeli settler-affiliated organizations. 1409:

The rebuilt church site consisted of "a court open to the sky, with five small chapels attached to it." The chapels were east of the court of resurrection (when reconstructed, the location of the tomb was under open sky), where the western wall of the great basilica had been. They commemorated scenes

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The Patriarch's Seat is on the south-east end, and the corresponding one, immediately opposite, is occupied by one of the Archbishops of this Patriarchate, when required. This north-east Seat is popularly understood to be the throne of the Patriarch of Antioch. Even Dr. C. Schick and Baedeker make

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in 1244 but probably remained mostly intact until 1808 when a fire damaged the church. The tombs may have been destroyed by the fire, or during renovations by the Greek Orthodox custodians of the church in 1809–1810. The remains of the kings may still be in unmarked pits under the church's pavement.

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as part of a more general campaign against Christian places of worship in Palestine and Egypt. The damage was extensive, with few parts of the early church remaining, and the roof of the rock-cut tomb damaged; the original shrine was destroyed. Some partial repairs followed. Christian Europe reacted

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This reliquary, now in the Treasury of the Greek Patriarch in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, was discovered in 1893 ... the Church of Mar Hanna, formerly the Conventual Church of the Hospitallers ... The reliquary is of crystal in the shape of mitre set in a framework of gilded bronze, decorated

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in: Wolfram R. Keller & Dagmar Schlueter (Ed.) 'A fantastic and abstruse Latinity'? Hiberno-Continental Cultural and Literary Interactions in the Middle Ages, Studien und Texte zur Keltologie (Münster: Nodus Publikationen), p. 66. "...there is not a single publication on the Holy Sepulchre

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has been responsible for opening the door as an impartial party to the church's denominations already since the seventh century. However, they themselves admit that the documents held by various Christian denominations only mention their role since the 12th century, in the time of Saladin, which is

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East of the Chapel of Saint Helena, the excavators discovered a void containing a second-century drawing of a Roman pilgrim ship, two low walls supporting the platform of Hadrian's second-century temple, and a higher fourth-century wall built to support Constantine's basilica. After the excavations

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in miniature" since little or no rebuilding took place on the site of the great basilica. Western pilgrims to Jerusalem during the 11th century found much of the sacred site in ruins. Control of Jerusalem, and thereby the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, continued to change hands several times between

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sermons were to be pronounced in az-Zahir's name. Muslim sources say a by-product of the agreement was the renunciation of Islam by many Christians who had been forced to convert under al-Hakim's persecutions. In addition, the Byzantines, while releasing 5,000 Muslim prisoners, made demands for the

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The New Testament describes Jesus's tomb as being outside the city wall, as was normal for burials across the ancient world, which were regarded as unclean. Today, the site of the Church is within the current walls of the old city of Jerusalem. It has been well documented by archaeologists that in

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The church was called 'the Resurrection' by many Byzantine writers, and it is this title that was adopted by Christian and Muslim Arab historians from the 10th century onward... Robinson and Smith (1856: 377, n. 1) noted that local Jerusalemites of the 19th century still called the church by its

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Then indeed did this most holy cave present a faithful similitude of his return to life, in that, after lying buried in darkness, it again emerged to light, and afforded to all who came to witness the sight, a clear and visible proof of the wonders of which that spot had once been the scene, a

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of the Cross), which can be touched through a hole in the floor beneath the altar. The rock can be seen under protective glass on both sides of the altar. The softer surrounding stone was removed when the church was built. The Roman Catholic (Franciscan) Chapel of the Nailing of the Cross (the

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were present. Initially, only a layer of debris was visible. This was cleared in the next day, and a partially broken marble slab with a Crusader-style cross carved was revealed. By the night of 28 October, the original limestone burial bed was shown to be intact. The tomb was resealed shortly

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in Jerusalem. Contemporary sources credit the emperor with spending vast sums in an effort to restore the Church of the Holy Sepulchre after this agreement was made. Still, "a total replacement was far beyond available resources. The new construction was concentrated on the rotunda and its

3360:, in April 2008, a brawl broke out when a Greek monk was ejected from the building by a rival faction. Police were called to the scene but were also attacked by the enraged brawlers. On Sunday, 9 November 2008, a clash erupted between Armenian and Greek monks during celebrations for the 3381:

over 152 million euros of uncollected taxes on church properties. The city hall stressed that the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and all other churches are exempt from the taxes, with the changes only affecting establishments like "hotels, halls and businesses" owned by the churches.

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of Jerusalem consecrated. It was at the initiative of Israeli professor Gustav Kühnel to erect a new crucifix at the church that would not only be worthy of the singularity of the site, but that would also become a symbol of the efforts of unity in the community of Christian faith.

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of the Old City of Jerusalem are both located in the northwestern and western part of the Old City, due to the fact that the Holy Sepulchre is located close to the northwestern corner of the walled city. The adjacent neighbourhood within the Christian Quarter is called the

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Just inside the church entrance is a stairway leading up to Calvary (Golgotha), traditionally regarded as the site of Jesus's crucifixion and the most lavishly decorated part of the church. The exit is via another stairway opposite the first, leading down to the

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About 326, Constantine ordered that the temple to Jupiter or Venus be replaced by a church. After the temple was torn down and its ruins removed, the soil was removed from the cave, revealing a rock-cut tomb that Macarius identified as the burial site of Jesus.

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visited the church and stopped to pray on the balcony, but at the time of prayer, turned away from the church and prayed outside. He feared that future generations would misinterpret this gesture, taking it as a pretext to turn the church into a mosque.

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The establishment of the modern Status Quo in 1853 did not halt controversy and occasional violence. In 1902, 18 friars were hospitalized and some monks were jailed after the Franciscans and Greeks disagreed over who could clean the lowest step of the

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The wooden doors that compose the main entrance are the original, highly carved arched doors. Today, only the left-hand entrance is currently accessible, as the right doorway has long since been bricked up. The entrance to the church leads to the south

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was placed to envelop the remains of Christ's tomb, probably to prevent pilgrims from touching the original rock or taking small pieces as souvenirs. A marble slab was placed over the limestone burial bed where Jesus's body is believed to have lain.

3389:, a measure which church leaders assert constitutes a serious violation of their property rights and the Status Quo. In a joint official statement the church authorities protested what they considered to be the peak of a systematic campaign in: 956:

in 1099, it continued to undergo modifications, resulting in a significant departure from the original structure. Several renovations and restorations were made under the Ottomans. The tomb itself is enclosed by a 19th-century shrine called the

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Chapel of Saint Helena – between the Chapel of the Division of Robes and the Greek Chapel of the Derision are stairs descending to the Chapel of Saint Helena. The Armenians, who own it, call it the Chapel of St. Gregory the Illuminator, after

2425:. According to tradition, Jesus was crucified over the place where Adam's skull was buried. According to some, the blood of Christ ran down the cross and through the rocks to fill Adam's skull. Through a window at the back of the 11th-century 7102:

It contains two episcopal thrones: the one on the right (south), which is the official "cathedra" of the Patriarch of Jerusalem, and the one on the left (north), where any other Orthodox bishop whom he designates may sit and preside if he is

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and the first ruler of Palestine and a forefather of the Nuseibeh family. .... Records and manuscripts kept by the various Christian denominations....all record the Nuseibeh family's and Bani Ghanem's relationship with the Holy Sepulchre,

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the time of Jesus, the walled city was smaller and the wall then was to the east of the current site of the Church. In other words, the city had been much narrower in Jesus's time, with the site then having been outside the walls; since

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Another decree in 1853 from the sultan solidified the existing territorial division among the communities and solidified the Status Quo for arrangements to "remain in their present state", requiring consensus to make even minor changes.

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had proposed a bill that will make it harder for a private company not to extend a lease for land used by homeowners. The church leaders have said that such a bill will make it harder for them to sell church-owned lands. According to

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moved his chair from its agreed spot into the shade. This was interpreted as a hostile move by the Ethiopians and eleven were hospitalized after the resulting fight. In another incident in 2004, during Orthodox celebrations of the

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Several churches and monasteries in Europe, for instance, in Germany and Russia, and at least one church in the United States have been wholly or partially modelled on the Church of the Resurrection, some even reproducing other

3987: 1892:. The existence of the original limestone cave walls within the Aedicule was confirmed, and a window was created to view this from the inside. The presence of moisture led to the discovery of an underground shaft resembling an 7774: 6170:

Underneath Our Lady of Sorrows is the Greek Oratory of St. Mary of Egypt, in memory of her conversion that is said to have occurred in the atrium of the Holy Sepulchre before an icon of Mary the Mother of God that was kept

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a discriminatory and racist bill that targets solely the properties of the Christian community in the Holy Land ... This reminds us all of laws of a similar nature which were enacted against the Jews during dark periods in

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The area immediately to the south and east of the sepulchre was a quarry and outside the city during the early first century as excavations under the Lutheran Church of the Redeemer across the street demonstrated.

2580: 2429:, the rock of Calvary can be seen with a crack traditionally held to be caused by the earthquake that followed Jesus's death; some scholars claim it is the result of quarrying against a natural flaw in the rock. 1802:

had an important role in the appropriation of the Holy Sepulcher, such as funds for the maintenance of external infrastructures, and the abolition of territorial claims near the Temple of the Holy Sepulcher, the

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by Komnenos had deteriorated badly and was detaching from the underlying structure; from 1947 until restoration work in 2016–17, it was held in place with an exterior scaffolding of iron girders installed by the

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The Church of the Holy Sepulchre site has been recognized since early in the fourth century as the place where Jesus was crucified, buried, and rose from the dead. The church was consecrated on 13 September 335.

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again in 1808, causing the dome of the rotunda to collapse and smashing the Aedicule's exterior decoration. The rotunda and the Aedicule's exterior were rebuilt in 1809–10 by architect Nikolaos Ch. Komnenos of

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roughly overlapped with the temple building itself; the excavations indicate that the temple extended at least as far back as the Aedicule, and the temple enclosure would have reached back slightly further.

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carved into the bedrock, seeming to lead from the tomb. For the first time since at least 1555, on 26 October 2016, marble cladding that protects the supposed burial bed of Jesus was removed. Members of the

940:. Both locations are considered immensely holy sites by Christians. In earlier times, the site was used as a Jewish burial ground, upon which a pagan temple was built. The church and rotunda was built under 6411: 2400:

Calvary is split into two chapels: one Greek Orthodox and one Catholic, each with its own altar. On the left (north) side, the Greek Orthodox chapel's altar is placed over the supposed rock of Calvary (the

7214: 2115:—stand opposite the church, at the top of a short descending staircase stretching over the entire breadth of the parvis. In the 13th century, the tops of the columns were removed and sent to Mecca by the 4275: 7749: 4738: 5992: 6323: 3406:, and any land which is owned and used as a commercial land. The church holds the rights to land where private homes have been constructed, and some of the disagreement had been raised after the 2698: 7842: 3545:(41–44) is recorded by history as extending the city to the north (beyond the present northern walls), the required repositioning of the western wall is traditionally attributed to him as well. 2683: 3468:

The site of the church had been a temple to Jupiter or Venus built by Hadrian before Constantine's edifice was built. Hadrian's temple had been located there because it was the junction of the

3353:, a door to the Franciscan chapel was left open. This was taken as a sign of disrespect by the Orthodox and a fistfight broke out. Some people were arrested, but no one was seriously injured. 3078:

on Mount Zion is also alleged to have been the Prison of Christ. To reconcile the traditions, some allege that Jesus was held in the Mount Zion cell in connection with his trial by the Jewish

1318:, it remained a Christian church, with the early Muslim rulers protecting the city's Christian sites, prohibiting their destruction or use as living quarters. A story reports that the caliph 2510:

The wall was a temporary addition to support the arch above it, which had been weakened after the damage in the 1808 fire; it blocks the view of the rotunda, separates the entrance from the

1636:(r. 1220–50) regained the city and the church by treaty in the 13th century while under a ban of excommunication, with the consequence that the holiest church in Christianity was laid under 991:

and secular entities in complicated arrangements essentially unchanged for over 160 years, and some for much longer. The main denominations sharing property over parts of the church are the

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In 1948, Jerusalem was divided between Israel and Jordan and where the church was located, in the Old City, were made part of Jordan. In 1967, Israeli forces captured East Jerusalem in the

1705:" at a particular time, often through outright bribery. Violent clashes were not uncommon. There was no agreement about this question, although it was discussed at the negotiations to the 8594: 7939: 7419: 2236: 2157: 2139: 8368: 1522:, but there is no evidence of the site's identification before the 11th century, and modern archaeological investigation has now dated the cistern to 11th-century repairs by Monomachos. 2150: 2552:) that has traditionally been used by the church's Muslim doorkeepers, along with some Christian clergy, as well as electrical wiring. To the right of the entrance is a wall along the 2918: 2363:, Saladin entrusted the Joudeh family with the key to the church, which is made of iron and 30 centimetres (12 in) long; the Nuseibehs either became or remained its doorkeepers. 3402:

does not cover any church buildings or religious related facilities (because they are exempt by law), but commercial facilities such as the Notre Dame Hotel which was not paying the

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A Brief Description of the Holy Sepulchre Jerusalem and Other Christian Churches in the Holy City: With Some Account of the Medieval Copies of the Holy Sepulchre Surviving in Europe

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destination since its creation in the fourth century, as the traditional site of the resurrection of Christ, thus its original Greek name, Church of the Anastasis ('Resurrection').

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The stated aim of the bill is to protect homeowners against the possibility that private companies will not extend their leases of land on which their houses or apartments stand.

2818:("navel") stone once thought to be the center of the world and still venerated as such by Orthodox Christians (associated with the site of the Crucifixion and the Resurrection). 2351:. This narrow way of access to such a large structure has proven to be hazardous at times. For example, when a fire broke out in 1840, dozens of pilgrims were trampled to death. 7353: 10896: 8055:. There are also the Egyptian mortuary-temples, where the object of worship was the deified royal person entombed, but Egyptian temples to the major gods contained no burials. 7865: 4802: 2433: 8002: 6049: 3052: 3212:) – another set of 22 stairs from the Chapel of Saint Helena leads down to the Roman Catholic Chapel of the Invention of the Holy Cross, believed to be the place where the 11460: 6918: 4045:

One of the two chapels within the shrine, a pilaster incorporates a piece of the stone said to have been rolled away from the tomb; it functions as a Greek Orthodox altar.

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complex of the Constantinian church. The southernmost chapel was the vestibule, the middle chapel the baptistery, and the north chapel the chamber in which the patriarch

1864:, and created an artificial walkway over the quarry on the north of the chapel, so that the new chapel could be accessed (by permission) from the Chapel of Saint Helena. 11395: 4526: 2647: 780: 7899: 5959: 2671: 11425: 9323: 6445: 3571:, a term derived from the Persian word for hospital – Christian pilgrim hospices have been maintained in this area near the Holy Sepulchre since at least the time of 7554: 7294: 7185: 6781: 6663: 6115: 5826: 5374: 5186: 3440:

In June 2019, a number of Christian denominations in Jerusalem raised their voice against the Supreme Court's decision to uphold the sale of three properties by the

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archaeologist, the decoration was once inlaid with pieces of glass and fine marble; it indicates that the relic was the front of the church's high altar from the

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After the renovation of 1555, control of the church oscillated between the Franciscans and the Orthodox, depending on which community could obtain a favourable

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with the Tomb of Joseph of Arimathea, located in a Constantinian apse and containing an opening to an ancient Jewish rock-cut tomb. This chapel is where the

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structure unsafe. A restoration of the Aedicule was agreed upon and executed from May 2016 to March 2017. Much of the $ 4 million project was funded by the

1479:, and no crusader could consider his journey complete unless he had prayed as a pilgrim at the Holy Sepulchre. The classical theory is that Crusader leader 87: 10471: 9252: 7653: 6833: 6676:

A remarkable gold and crystal mitre-shaped reliquary of the Crusader period was kept in the church and is now on display in the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate

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under the former basilica was rumoured to have been where Helena had found the True Cross, and began to be venerated as such; the cistern later became the

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the height difference can be easily seen; the yellowish wall on the left is the 4th-century wall and the pinkish one on the right is the 2nd-century wall.

4861:" reports in 333: "There, at present, by the command of the Emperor Constantine, has been built a basilica, that is to say, a church of wondrous beauty". 4013:"with many other churches of the saints" had been attacked, and the "basilica of the Lord's Sepulchre destroyed down to the ground". The Christian writer 2635: 11465: 11335: 11330: 11320: 6333: 2441: 399: 8542: 7504: 4749:

or on holy burial sites that fails to include the floor plan by Adomnan, which consequently has become the topos of early depictions of Holy Sepulchre."

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From the archaeological excavations in the 1970s, it is clear that construction took over most of the site of the earlier temple enclosure and that the

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of the Crusader-era church, just east of the larger rotunda, is the Crusader structure housing the main altar of the Church, today the Greek Orthodox

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a small room at the top of a flight of steps is called the Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows, but is popularly referred to as the Chapel of the Franks.

2496: 5929: 1384:(al-Hakim's son) agreed to allow the rebuilding and redecoration of the church. The rebuilding was finally completed during the tenures of Emperor 7587: 2854: 2410:

of the Cross) stretches to the south. Between the Catholic Altar of the Nailing to the Cross and the Orthodox altar is the Catholic Altar of the

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had reported that the Greek Orthodox Church owns many properties across Jerusalem, Israel and the West Bank. It owns some 30% of the land in the

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is just south of the Rotunda, to the left of the entrance. Its upper level was lost in a 1545 collapse. In 1719, another two storeys were lost.

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demarcates the Orthodox sanctuary behind it, to its east. The iconostasis is flanked to the front by two episcopal thrones: the southern seat (

17: 11420: 9628: 4036:' under one of the church's windows; it has remained in the same position since at least 1757, aside from two occasions of temporary removal. 2210: 1978: 7154: 4647: 8605: 3677: 3187:. The latter chapel contains archaeological remains from Hadrian's temple and Constantine's basilica. These areas are open only on request. 2901:. From here one can enter the Armenian monastery, which stretches over the ground and first upper floor of the church's southeastern part. 2025: 987:, an understanding between religious communities dating to 1757, applies to the site. Control of the church itself is shared among several 7270: 6566:

The Latins were left with the two southern altars on Calvary, namely, the Stabat Mater (Our Lady of Sorrows) and the Nailing to the Cross.

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reported that everything was razed "except those parts which were impossible to destroy or would have been too difficult to carry away".

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of 1757, Orthodox Christians reportedly took over some of the Franciscan-controlled church. This may have been the cause of the sultan's

1315: 868: 8508: 5898: 167: 11345: 7444: 2894: 2702: 2307: 10841: 8477: 7719: 6874: 3205: 3090: 3057: 1535: 1519: 369: 7685: 7062:"An Historical and Ecumenical Survey of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, with Notes on Its Significance for Anglicans" 6016:"Armenian Inscriptions of the Church of Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Part 1. The Chapel of John the Evangelist and Its Inscriptions" 4810: 4739:

The holy place as formula. Floor plans in Adomnan's De locis sanctis to specify the description of pilgrimage sites in the Holy Land

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newspaper Egyptian Orthodox Church owns Deir al-Sultan and the Church of the Angel and the Chapel of the Four Living Creatures.

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A shrine was built on the site of the tomb Macarius had identified as that of Jesus, enclosing the rock tomb walls within its own.

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This also contains a detailed summary of the then-current theories as to the location of the tomb, with an extensive bibliography.

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From the ninth century onward, the construction of churches inspired by the Anastasis was extended across Europe. One example is

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friars renovated the church in 1555, as it had been neglected despite increased numbers of pilgrims. The Franciscans rebuilt the

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the newly baptized before leading them into the rotunda north of this complex. Now they are dedicated as (from south to north)

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were built rather than the typical one, due to the awkward location of the Temple Mount, blocking the central east–west route.

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According to archaeologist Fredrik Hiebert, this does not resemble an archaeological excavation, but "a well-built tunnel".

3725: 3705: 3682: 3301: 3241: 3231: 3163: 2777: 2755: 2701:

is the building of the larger dome located on the far west side. In the centre of the rotunda is a small chapel called the

1740: 1720: 1210:

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, planned by the architect Zenobius, was built as separate constructs over two holy sites:

1004: 984: 456: 8067: 7193: 6713: 10613: 10250: 9362: 9209: 8567:

Jerusalem 1920–1922: Being the Records of the Pro-Jerusalem Council during the First Two Years of the Civil Administratio

8559: 7809: 3082:, at the Praetorium in connection with his trial by the Roman governor Pilate, and near the Golgotha before crucifixion. 2948:

On the far side of the chapel is the low entrance to an almost complete first-century Jewish tomb, initially holding six

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led by the Greek Orthodox patriarch (with the participation of the Coptic and Armenian patriarchs). To its rear, in the

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are showing pilgrims yet another place where Jesus was allegedly held, the similarly named Prison of Christ in their

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The lamps that hang over the Stone of Unction, adorned with cross-bearing chain links, are contributed by Armenians,

2492: 2422: 2407: 2177: 2044: 1544: 1529: 1506:", and the food, alms, candles and oil for lamps were given to them by the pilgrims at the south door of the church. 8614: 6966: 6266: 5800: 1684: 1644:(c. 1231–47) during the last period of Latin control over Jerusalem. Both city and church were captured by the 1334:

Early in the ninth century, another earthquake damaged the dome of the Anastasis. The damage was repaired in 810 by

1331:

saying that Muslims would not inhabit this location. The building suffered severe damage from an earthquake in 746.

11066: 10700: 10408: 10265: 8780: 8696: 8599: 7089: 6811: 4674: 4183: 3755: 2402: 2143: 2101: 1490: 1096: 681: 531: 5659: 4917: 1918:. Clerics continued regular prayers inside the building, and it reopened to visitors two months later, on 24 May. 11445: 11380: 11340: 11049: 11039: 10498: 10240: 9180: 9109: 8770: 8648: 8028: 6368: 5859: 3735: 3132: 910: 861: 35: 11199: 7643: 6841: 3943:

Some Christian scholars have argued that this may have already been a site of veneration for the tomb of Jesus.

11405: 11325: 11223: 11003: 10680: 10558: 10225: 9761: 9175: 8887: 8801: 8733: 8661: 6587: 6398:. In 1192, Sultan Saladin....re-entrusted the custody of the doors of the Holy Sepulchre to the Nuseibeh's .... 6027: 5351: 4592: 3063: 2747: 2488: 1982: 639: 526: 3312:

also acquired lesser responsibilities, which include shrines and other structures in and around the building.

11315: 11164: 11128: 10851: 10645: 10640: 10235: 10005: 9238: 8979: 8522: 8350:

Beneath the Church of the Holy Sepulchre Jerusalem: The archaeology and early history of traditional Golgotha

7512: 3710: 3511:, the former city archaeologist of Jerusalem, regards them as unsatisfactory, as there is no known temple of 3071: 2380: 1808: 1296: 1286: 835: 675: 4944: 3605: 1926:

During church renovations in 2022, a stone slab covered in modern graffiti was moved from a wall, revealing

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Surviving Three Cycles of Destruction: The Graves of the Crusader Kings in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre

1931: 1873: 1566: 629: 2018: 1736: 55: 11189: 10881: 10866: 10603: 10368: 10348: 9286: 9084: 8300:. New York: Rizzoli in cooperation with Israel Antiquities Authority, distributed by St. Martin's Press. 7997: 5231: 4320:

Freeman-Grenville, G. S. P. (1987). "The Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem: History and Future".

3209: 3074:

at the Second Station of the Via Dolorosa as the Prison of Christ. A cistern among the ruins beneath the

2782: 1911: 1436: 575: 498: 493: 488: 233: 5922:"Coronavirus forces Jerusalem's Holy Sepulchre to close its doors for first time since 1349: 'Very sad'" 5921: 11440: 11415: 10886: 10861: 10793: 10778: 10660: 10573: 10530: 10476: 10117: 9766: 9551: 9533: 9337: 9155: 9150: 9142: 8609: 8528: 8405:"'In Dubious Battle on the Plains of Heav'n': The Politics of Possession in Jerusalem's Holy Sepulchre" 7577: 4948: 4706: 3960:

This shrine would have to be replaced over the subsequent centuries, most recently in the 19th century.

3745: 3553: 2481: 1641: 1135:(a Bishop of Caesarea) and Macarius, three crosses were found near a tomb; one, which was said to have 1080: 1076: 854: 521: 508: 503: 429: 4837: 4386:(1998). "Golgotha: A Reconsideration of the Evidence for the Sites of Jesus' Crucifixion and Burial". 2870: 10466: 10423: 10363: 10353: 10208: 10173: 9903: 9864: 9348: 9162: 9039: 4363: 4297: 4237: 4085: 3282: 2933: 2360: 2057: 1617: 1389: 1385: 1254: 949: 775: 743: 551: 546: 541: 536: 9638: 7961: 7610: 4643:

NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine

1860:

of the early 1970s, the Armenian authorities converted this archaeological space into the Chapel of

10937: 10810: 10183: 9803: 9668: 9454: 9262: 9133: 8498: 6390: 4863: 3924: 3817: 3385:

There was a lock-in protest against an Israeli legislative proposal which would expropriate church

3337: 3297: 2286: 1593: 840: 770: 702: 697: 359: 30:"Holy Sepulchre" redirects here. For an overview of sites believed to be Jesus's burial place, see 5592: 5036: 1743:, was partly rebuilt to a square ground plan in place of the previously semicircular western end. 11410: 11375: 11194: 10450: 10388: 10132: 10070: 9884: 9588: 9390: 9298: 8877: 8867: 7648: 7162: 5353:

A Brief Description of the Holy Sepulchre Jerusalem and Other Christian Churches in the Holy City

5134: 4641: 4597:(4th improved (updated) ed.). Indianapolis: B.B. Kirkbride Bible Co. p. 323 (appendix). 4207:

Ancient cities: the archaeology of urban life in the ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome

3983: 3970: 3837: 3615: 3584: 3528: 3145: 2803: 2689:

The Tomb of Jesus (raised platform to the right, interior the second chamber inside the aedicula)

2603: 2456:

Mosaic depiction of Christ's body being prepared after his death, opposite the Stone of Anointing

1971: 1779: 1601: 1589: 1585: 1558:. These renovations unified the small chapels on the site and were completed during the reign of 1551: 1324: 988: 624: 237: 5310:, Vol. IV, ed. Kenneth M. Setton and Harry W. Hazard, (University of Wisconsin Press, 1977), 37. 11112: 11102: 10901: 10856: 10690: 10593: 10393: 10188: 9869: 9683: 9400: 9382: 8872: 7267: 5215: 4945:"Commemoration of the Founding of the Church of the Resurrection (Holy Sepulchre) at Jerusalem" 4519:"The Temple in Jerusalem over the threshing floor which is presently under the Al Kas fountain" 3904: 3857: 3750: 3700: 3461: 3309: 2995: 2929: 2922: 2802:. Its dome is 19.8 metres (65 ft) in diameter, and is set directly over the centre of the 2523: 2500: 2165: 1605: 1581: 1270: 1215: 1008: 830: 810: 649: 133: 7538: 7288: 6940: 6775: 6647: 6183: 6099: 5368: 5170: 5095: 4479: 4006: 3692: 3035: 2821:

Since 1996 this dome is topped by the monumental Golgotha Crucifix, which the Greek Patriarch

2730:

Churches all have rights to the interior of the tomb, and all three communities celebrate the

1762:

The dome was restored by Catholics, Greeks, and Turks in 1868, being made of iron ever since.

916:

According to traditions dating to the fourth century, the church contains both the site where

11238: 11008: 10988: 10968: 10836: 10773: 10665: 10563: 10523: 9732: 9697: 9372: 9128: 9002: 7379: 7317: 7116: 7028: 6736: 5481: 5397: 4431: 4388: 4155: 3884: 3789: 3434: 3020: 2519: 2214: 2112: 2069: 1939: 1902:

thereafter. Mortar from just above the burial bed was later dated to the mid-fourth century.

1885: 1771: 1352: 1342: 1338: 1243: 1221: 1128: 1116: 1024: 965: 945: 941: 937: 894: 825: 345: 194: 126: 8370:

Saving the Holy Sepulchre: How Rival Christians Came Together to Rescue Their Holiest Shrine

7436: 6537: 5834: 5585:

Saving the Holy Sepulchre: How Rival Christians Came Together to Rescue Their Holiest Shrine

5483:

The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: Volume 3, The City of Jerusalem: A Corpus

4836: 4715:. Revised and notes by A.C. Zenos, DD. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. pp. 21–22. 2629:

The Aedicule with the Coptic chapel to the left with golden roof; main entrance to the right

1914:. According to the keeper of the keys, it was the first such closure since 1349, during the 1910:

On 25 March 2020, Israeli health officials ordered the site closed to the public due to the

1807:

Church allowed to carry out the elimination of taxes from the Holy Sepulcher, currently the

11284: 11215: 11148: 11133: 11071: 10993: 10685: 10428: 10358: 10275: 10255: 9874: 9790: 9737: 8892: 8785: 8493: 7900:"Jerusalem's Christian Leaders Blast Decision to Sell Old City Properties to Settler Group" 7772:

Jerusalem churches warn of Israel's 'systematic' erosion of Christian presence in Holy Land

7711: 5211: 4832: 3556: 3501: 3344:

signed a convention that both denominations could sweep it. On a hot summer day in 2002, a

2842: 2807: 2538: 2518:

and is no longer structurally necessary. Opinions differ as to whether it is to be seen as

2279: 2244: 1881: 1633: 1597: 1484: 1476: 1144: 1045: 977: 921: 820: 738: 593: 561: 339: 241: 7012:

On the east is the Iconostasis, dividing the 'Holy of Holies' from the rest of the church.

6864: 1676:, extending the structure to create an antechamber. A marble shrine commissioned by Friar 8: 11092: 10978: 10705: 10675: 10403: 10398: 10295: 10112: 9962: 9834: 9829: 9717: 9021: 8936: 8862: 8633: 8197:

was housed in the most important church in Christendom, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

7675: 6386: 4858: 4461: 3668: 2473: 2440:, were transferred to the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate Museum (the Patriarchal Museum) on 2200: 2116: 1788: 1706: 1577: 1480: 1442: 1328: 1259: 1177: 1100: 805: 725: 556: 439: 228: 8151: 6232: 6231:. Gerusalemme San Salvatore Convento Francescano St. Saviour's Monastery. Archived from 5235: 4882:"The Baptistery of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem and the Politics of Sacred Landscape" 4114: 2476:, though this tradition is only attested since the crusader era (notably by the Italian 11279: 11061: 11013: 10983: 10710: 10608: 10438: 10245: 10218: 10168: 10147: 10127: 9712: 9659: 9642: 9437: 9010: 8827: 8775: 8469: 8428: 8416: 8121: 8113: 8085: 7582: 7468: 7081: 4909: 4877: 4405: 4345: 4337: 4014: 3654: 3413: 3361: 3350: 3345: 2861: 2727: 2339:

of a larger courtyard. This is found past a group of streets winding through the outer

2272: 1677: 1661: 1499: 1469: 1361: 1000: 800: 748: 692: 659: 419: 310: 146: 8971: 5625: 5439: 3196: 3175:(or Vardan) Mamikonian – on the north side of the Chapel of Saint Helena is an ornate 3027:'s north. Disputed by the Orthodox and the Latin, the area is used to store ladders. 2464:

The Stone of Anointing, where Jesus's body is said to have been anointed before burial

2436:(Treasury of the Greek Patriarch). Some of its relics, such as a 12th-century crystal 1628:, along with the rest of the city, in 1187, although the treaty established after the 11289: 11107: 10932: 10876: 10805: 10783: 10695: 9776: 9702: 9517: 8882: 8852: 8842: 8532: 8473: 8461: 8432: 8374: 8353: 8322: 8301: 8268: 8240: 8221: 8186: 8125: 8105: 8040: 7866:"Greek Orthodox Church Sells Land in Israel, Worrying Both Israelis And Palestinians" 7544: 7485: 7475: 7385: 7122: 7073: 6742: 6653: 6543: 6328: 6147: 6105: 6095: 5738: 5596: 5487: 5445: 5403: 5261: 5255: 5176: 5140: 5101: 5043: 4988: 4901: 4485: 4409: 4349: 4271:

United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine Working Paper on the Holy Places

4245: 4210: 3948: 3915: 3808: 3473: 3158: 2759: 2549: 2452: 2217: 2207:. The chapel marks the 10th Station of the Cross (the stripping of Jesus's garments). 1799: 1420: 1349: 1104: 952:

to reconstruct the church, which was completed in 1048. After it was captured by the

890: 815: 712: 295: 160: 122: 7243: 3599:

for the benefit of pilgrims who could not travel to the Holy Land. They include the

3523: 2738:

there daily. It is also used for other ceremonies on special occasions, such as the

2414:, which has a statue of Mary with an 18th-century bust; this middle altar marks the 2384:

The Altar of the Crucifixion, where The Rock of Calvary (bottom) is encased in glass

2061:

Tourists, pilgrims and locals at one of two access gates to the courtyard; photo by

1168: 11450: 11248: 11076: 11034: 10998: 10906: 10726: 10413: 10290: 10280: 10270: 10198: 10050: 9950: 9854: 9844: 9722: 9707: 9542: 8924: 8749: 8524:

Age of spirituality: late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century

8453: 8420: 8097: 5766: 5588: 5563: 4893: 4844: 4710: 4679: 4397: 4329: 4033: 3828: 3563: 3245: 2719: 2499:

along the wall depicts the anointing of Jesus's body, preceded on the right by the

2367: 2078: 1688: 1664:) presence at the Holy Sepulchre from the years 1348 through 1575, as contemporary 1377: 1189: 1090: 973: 607: 379: 142: 7932:"Supreme Court upholds Greek church sales to far-right group, ending legal battle" 3007: 2950: 2707: 2062: 11233: 11179: 10871: 10741: 10731: 10670: 10635: 10630: 10598: 10513: 10383: 10373: 10315: 10075: 9879: 9771: 9753: 9596: 9280: 9095: 8857: 8837: 8832: 8822: 8683: 8665: 8652: 8424: 8316: 8295: 8262: 8071: 8035: 7870: 7778: 7423: 7274: 6993: 6614: 6141: 5570: 5532: 5257:

The Fight for Jerusalem: Radical Islam, the West, and the Future of the Holy City

4745: 4618: 4554: 3895: 3848: 3715: 3623: 3320: 2937: 2504: 2477: 2460: 2355: 2240: 1935: 1697: 1640:. The church seems to have been largely in the hands of Greek Orthodox patriarch 1559: 1525: 1401:

restoration of other churches destroyed by al-Hakim and the reestablishment of a

1300: 933: 654: 9445: 5534:

Geschichte der europäischen Staaten, Geschichte des östreichischen Kaiserstaates

3403: 3263: 1487:, decided not to use the title "king" during his lifetime, and declared himself 11263: 11258: 11253: 11029: 10911: 10846: 10751: 10568: 10553: 10486: 10378: 10343: 10305: 10193: 10142: 10090: 10040: 9986: 9799: 9795: 9592: 9511: 9414: 9223: 9063: 8960: 8847: 8765: 8518: 8442:"Archaeological excavations in Jerusalem, Holy Sepulchre: a preliminary report" 8217: 8064: 7375: 6705: 4661:

testimony to the resurrection of the Saviour clearer than any voice could give.

4627: 4383: 4368: 4302: 3944: 3875: 3800: 3780: 3740: 3445: 3341: 3278: 3274: 3048: 2984: 2735: 2731: 2723: 2318: 2196: 2173: 1795: 1416: 1393: 1124: 996: 992: 588: 583: 248: 7799: 4401: 4333: 2909: 11304: 11184: 10952: 10761: 10618: 10213: 10060: 10045: 9938: 9859: 9819: 9727: 9601: 9428: 8912: 8512:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 656–658. 8503: 8465: 8109: 7077: 6064: 5477: 5328: 4905: 4608: 4150: 3619: 3591:, Italy, an agglomeration of seven churches recreating shrines of Jerusalem. 3542: 3477: 2765:

To the right of the sepulchre on the northwestern edge of the rotunda is the

2739: 2225: 1893: 1842:

bazaar, it was found that the area was originally a quarry, from which white

1828: 1755: 1702: 1629: 1502:, the keys of the Chapel of the Holy Sepulchre were in hands of the "ancient 1461: 1457: 1453: 929: 760: 755: 102: 89: 31: 7489: 6267:"History of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre – Church of the Holy Sepulchre" 5983:"Church of the Holy Sepulchre's ancient altar rediscovered, researchers say" 1186:

Two manuscript versions of the oldest known floor plans of the church, from

1110: 11143: 10766: 10655: 10650: 10537: 10433: 10418: 10203: 10152: 10137: 9974: 9824: 9692: 9560: 9104: 9076: 8948: 7615: 5863: 4984: 4423: 4032:

The need for total agreement for even minor changes is exemplified in the '

3760: 3176: 3067: 2484:

in 1288), and the present stone was only added in the 1810 reconstruction.

2411: 2340: 1861: 1411: 1381: 969: 906: 619: 612: 598: 201: 8688: 8627: 8588: 8497: 8457: 6412:"Muslims (literally) hold key to Jerusalem's Church of the Holy Sepulcher" 5308:

A History of the Crusades: The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States

11044: 10942: 10916: 10891: 10820: 10815: 10756: 10300: 10285: 10260: 10178: 9664: 9468: 8806: 8237:

The Sepulchre of Christ and the Medieval West: From the Beginning to 1600

6382: 5792: 4622: 3634: 3596: 3572: 3357: 3294: 3094:

The Chapel of the Parting of the Raiment, in the Church of Holy Sepulchre

3079: 2830: 2751: 2653:

Detail of Aedicule with temporary supports, prior to the 2016 restoration

2587: 2248: 2232: 1927: 1915: 1835: 1819: 1811:

and Lutheran dioceses of Jerusalem are allowed to attend Armenian cults.

1775: 1750: 1570: 1509: 1226:('Resurrection'), where Macarius believed Jesus to have been buried, and; 1083:, Jerusalem had been reduced to ruins. In AD 130, the Roman emperor 909:

and has been the most important pilgrimage site for Christians since the

8441: 8404: 8294:

Biddle, Martin; Seligman, Jon; Tamar, Winter & Avni, Gideon (2000).

7290:

A Cyclopaedia of Works of Architecture: In Italy, Greece, and the Levant

7085: 7061: 6873:]. Vol. 16. Institut français d'études byzantines. p. 35. 6803: 4341: 2487:

The wall behind the stone is defined by its striking blue balconies and

1884:, as well as $ 1.3 million from Mica Ertegün and a significant sum from 1562:

in 1149, placing all the holy places under one roof for the first time.

11138: 10947: 10746: 10518: 10320: 10080: 9997: 9633: 9617: 9576: 8152:"February 8, 1999 – News – Bringing a part of the Holy Land to America" 7742:"Church at Jesus's burial site closed for second day after tax dispute" 7676:"Riot police called as monks clash in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre" 7268:

Church of the Holy Sepulchre chapels: Catholic Chapel of the Apparition

5981:

Harash, Rinat (13 April 2022). Heller, Jeffrey; MacSwan, Angus (eds.).

5651: 4913: 4881: 3947:

posits that the tomb's location could have been preserved by the local

3633:

Author Andrew Holt writes that the church is the most important in all

3254: 3213: 3184: 3099: 2822: 2798: 2260: 1985: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1804: 1669: 1665: 1555: 1465: 1304: 1258:

Diagram of a possible church layout (facing west) published in 1956 by

1140: 1131:

asked Constantine for permission to dig for the tomb. With the help of

8645: 8117: 7540:

Jerusalem. The Holy Sepulchre: Research and investigations (2007–2011)

6360: 6143:

The Holy Sepulchre: The Church of the Resurrection an Ecumenical Guide

5704:"Exclusive: Christ's Burial Place Exposed for First Time in Centuries" 4264: 3611: 1095:, on the site. About AD 135, he ordered that a cave containing a 11174: 10736: 10625: 10100: 10065: 9584: 9580: 9006: 8658: 8639: 7680: 7470:

Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia

5686:

Glimpses of Bible Lands: The Cruise of the Eight Hundred to Jerusalem

5251: 4322:

The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

3512: 3508: 3236: 3179:

door, beyond which a raised artificial platform affords views of the

2743: 2127: 1848: 1710: 1657: 1637: 1543:

in the church: crosses engraved in the staircase leading down to the

1532:, widening their original excavation tunnel into a proper staircase. 1503: 1402: 1308: 1307:, invaded Jerusalem and captured the True Cross. In 630, the Emperor 1274: 1240: 1219: 898: 318: 218: 8065:

Monastero di Santo Stefano: Basilica Santuario Santo Stefano: Storia

6591: 6146:. Ecumenical Theological Research Fraternity in Israel. p. 15. 6015: 4897: 4309:. H.M.S.O. for the High Commissioner of the Government of Palestine. 2332: 2185: 1960: 10800: 10095: 9605: 9526: 8101: 8052: 7835:"WATCH: Pilgrims Face Closed Doors at Church of the Holy Sepulchre" 3648: 3568: 3481: 3107: 2834: 2815: 2393:. Golgotha and its chapels are just south of the main altar of the 2348: 2328: 1839: 1732: 1645: 1540: 1365: 1230: 1132: 953: 765: 138: 5539:

History of the European states, history of Austrian Imperial State

3456: 10107: 9957: 9678: 8931: 8606:

Map of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 1715, by Nicolas de Fer.

7804:[The Jerusalem Municipality is not moved by the church]. 7782: 6385:

entrusted the custody of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre....to '

6361:"The family's relationship with the Church of the Holy Sepulchre" 5987: 5304:

Pilgrimages and Pilgrim shrines in Palestine and Syria after 1095

3662: 3588: 3407: 3316: 2904: 2893:

is the "Place of the Three Marys", marked by a stone canopy (the

2602:

1842 lithograph of the Aedicule built after the 1808 fire, after

2421:

On the ground floor, just underneath the Golgotha chapel, is the

2176:(also disputed), a rooftop monastery surrounding the dome of the 1872:

After seven decades of being held together by steel girders, the

1824: 1625: 1515: 1424: 1295:

The Constantinian sanctuary in Jerusalem was destroyed by a fire

1148: 1099:

be filled in to make a flat foundation for a temple dedicated to

1084: 925: 644: 602: 3258:

upholding the state of affairs for various Holy Land sites. The

2259:

borders the parvis on its west side. They originally formed the

11243: 9025: 6577:

William R. Cook of State University of New York, lecture series

5827:"Tomb of Jesus Reopens to Public After $ 3 Million Restoration" 3180: 2336: 2264: 2093: 2074: 1889: 1844: 1715: 1397: 5952:"Jerusalem's Holy Sepulchre reopens after coronavirus closure" 3507:

Other archaeologists have criticized Corbo's reconstructions.

1406:

surrounding buildings: the great basilica remained in ruins."

1380:

in 1027–1028, an agreement was reached whereby the new Caliph

8048: 7578:"Christian History Corner: Divvying up the Most Sacred Place" 5217:

An Introduction to the History of Christianity, A.D. 590–1314

5038:

The Sepulchrum Domini Through the Ages: Its Form and Function

4803:"Unsealing of Christ's Reputed Tomb Turns Up New Revelations" 3469: 3023:) at the northern end of the north transept, which is to the 2534: 2437: 1823:

Diagram of the modern church showing the traditional site of

917: 3191: 3114:, the entrance to the Chapel of Saint Helena, and the Greek 9476: 8321:. London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy. 2884: 2793: 2426: 2344: 1319: 1269:

In 327, Constantine and Helena separately commissioned the

285: 8595:

Homily of John Paul II in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre

7993:"Does the Holy Sepulchre Church Mark the Burial of Jesus?" 6590:. Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Archived from 6446:"Muslim holds ancient key to Jesus tomb site in Jerusalem" 5891:"Exclusive: Age of Jesus Christ's Purported Tomb Revealed" 2766: 1376:

In wide-ranging negotiations between the Fatimids and the

7525:

the Hashemite noble family Joudeh al-Husseini al-Ghodayya

6256:

William R. Cook of University of New York, lecture series

6050:"Egypt's Coptic Church exercises soft power in Jerusalem" 5136:

A History of Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years

4010: 3430: 2917:

West of the Aedicule, to the rear of the Rotunda, is the

1739:

style. The interior of the antechamber, now known as the

1111:

Constantine and Macarius: context for the first sanctuary

9308: 5860:"Original Bedrock of Jesus' Tomb Revealed in New Images" 5683: 4977:

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Text and Archaeology

3387:

lands that had been sold to private companies since 2010

2957: 2845:– which has been described as a misstatement, however.) 2104:(east). Around the parvis are a few smaller structures. 1921: 9001: 8352:. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. 8293: 8086:"The Church of Santo Stefano: A 'Jerusalem' in Bologna" 6741:. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. p. 39. 5684:

Warren, E.K.; Hartshorn, W.N.; McCrillis, A.B. (1905).

5402:. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. p. 65. 2617:

The Aedicule containing the traditional burial of Jesus

6898:

The Church of Holy Sepulchre: Keys, Doors, Doorkeepers

6211: 6209: 6207: 5618:"The Church of the Holy Sepulchre: A Work in Progress" 5541:]. Vol. 4. Hamburg: F. Perthes. p. 262. 5281:

Venetian Adventurer: The Life and Times of Marco Polo,

4631:, or inscription, had remained fastened to the Cross." 4563:] (in Italian). Franciscan Press. pp. 34–36. 3988:

Dedication of the Temple of the Resurrection of Christ

3929: 3822: 3534:

The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia

2983:– The chapel, an open area, indicates the place where 2677:

Angel's Stone in the first chamber inside the aedicula

2544:

Immediately inside and to the left of the entrance is

2514:, sits on top of four of the now empty and desecrated 2243:(died 1236), a knight, tutor, and royal councillor to 1510:

Crusaders: reconstruction (12th century) and ownership

1107:. The temple remained until the early fourth century. 1087:

began the building of a Roman colony, the new city of

8183:

The World of the Crusades: A Daily Life Encyclopedia

5512: 4843:. New York: G. Braziller. p. 20 – via the 4115:"Complete compendium of Church of the Holy Sepulchre" 3842: 3731:

History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes

3319:

assigned door-keeping responsibilities to the Muslim

2560:. Further along the same wall is the entrance to the 1691:

icon (c. 1600) commemorating a church renovation

1250:) with the traditional site of Calvary in one corner. 8642:(Muslim custodian of the keys of the Holy Sepulchre) 7505:"Proud to hold keys of Muslim-Christian coexistence" 6293:"Church of the Holy Sepulchre – Madain Project (en)" 3969:

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is known among the

3909: 3862: 3644: 3630:

built by the Franciscans in Washington, DC in 1898.

3377:

In February 2018, the church was closed following a

3336:. In the aftermath, the Greek patriarch, Franciscan 2491:-bearing red banners (depicting the insignia of the 1280: 1147:, leading the Romans to believe that they had found 1115:

After seeing a vision of a cross in the sky in 312,

11461:

Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs (Jordan)

6519: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6204: 6104:. Translated by Walsh, Milton T. Liturgical Press. 6078: 6076: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4362: 4236: 4064: 3889: 3794: 3460:Jerusalem after being rebuilt by Hadrian. Two main 3315:None of these controls the main entrance. In 1192, 3146:

the saint who brought Christianity to the Armenians

3043:In the northeast side of the complex, there is the 2134:On the eastern side of the parvis, south to north: 1612:) were buried in the south transept and inside the 11396:4th-century establishments in the Byzantine Empire 9127: 7898: 7467: 7242:. The Franciscans of the Holy Land. Archived from 7184:sepulchre, church of the holy (15 December 2016). 5313: 5035: 3367: 2526:and located between the 11th and 12th stations on 2092:facing the entrance to the church is known as the 1452:Many historians maintain that the main concern of 43:Church in Christian Quarter, Old City of Jerusalem 11426:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo churches in Jerusalem 9447:Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East 8560:"The Christian Communities in the Holy Sepulchre" 7712:"The monks who keep coming to blows in Jerusalem" 6738:The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem 6681: 6188:. Palestine Exploration Fund. 1903. p. 297. 6094: 5688:. Boston, MA: The Central Committee. p. 174. 5564:Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, 1757 5399:The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem 4675:"Is it the Tomb of Christ? A Search for Evidence" 4319: 1127:legalizing the religion. The Bishop of Jerusalem 1070: 928:, or Golgotha, and the location of Jesus's empty 11302: 7147: 6504: 6381:To protect the Christian places of worship, the 6073: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4752: 4209:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. p. 424. 3425: 3248:placed before 1757 remains in place to this day. 2289:(Greek Orthodox; at the base of the bell tower). 1814: 1371: 1158: 1027:, or for his tomb, which is at its focal point. 8047:. An exception in the Classical World were the 6804:"Miracle of Holy Fire which happens every year" 5818: 4366:(2010). "The Argument for the Holy Sepulchre". 3721:Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites 3562:The Christian Quarter and the (also Christian) 3066:, between the Second and Third Stations of the 2354:According to their own family lore, the Muslim 1930:-style decoration on one face. According to an 1576:Eight 11th- and 12th-century Crusader leaders ( 1550:The Crusaders began to refurnish the church in 1468:in response to the appeal of Byzantine Emperor 1311:rebuilt the church after recapturing the city. 1291:Destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre 1239:), across a courtyard to the east (an enclosed 1065: 11391:Eastern Orthodox church buildings in Jerusalem 7709: 7502: 7465: 6482:"Jesus's tomb unveiled after $ 4m restoration" 5793:"Finding the Keys to the Chapel of St. Vartan" 5486:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–32. 5210: 5204: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 2905:Syriac Chapel with Tomb of Joseph of Arimathea 2468:Just inside the entrance to the church is the 2195:(Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows): a blue-domed 1632:allowed Christian pilgrims to visit the site. 1430: 10199:Herodian Quarter – Wohl Archaeological Museum 10013: 8987: 8704: 8589:The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem 8318:The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem 8058: 7793: 7791: 7033:. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 6773: 6252: 6250: 4932: 4646:. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. 2005. 4182:. Jerusalem. 21 February 2010. Archived from 3451: 3326: 3285:churches. The Greek Orthodox act through the 3252:An Ottoman decree of 1757 helped establish a 2361:retaking Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187 1475:The First Crusade was envisioned as an armed 862: 8347: 7030:The Orthodox Greek Patriarchate of Jerusalem 6580: 5786: 5784: 5751: 5175:. Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill. p. 40. 4839:Early Christian & Byzantine Architecture 4481:Constantine: Roman Emperor, Christian Victor 4244:. Oxford University Press. pp. 56, 59. 4009:recorded that the church of Saint George at 3973:believers as the Church of the Resurrection. 3678:Burial places of founders of world religions 2769:, which is reserved for Roman Catholic use. 2665:The Dome of the Anastasis above the aedicule 2184:North of the parvis, in front of the church 1938:(c. 1149), which was later used by the 1460:, was the threat to Constantinople from the 266:AD 335 (demolished in 1009, rebuilt in 1048) 60:The church in 2010, from left to right: the 10974:Austrian Pilgrim Hospice to the Holy Family 10509:Co-Cathedral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus 9119:Co-Cathedral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus 8718: 7608: 7466:Michael, Dumper; Stanley, Bruce E. (2007). 7022: 7020: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6365:The Official website of the Nuseibeh Family 6013: 5726: 5652:"The Church and the Ladder: Frozen in Time" 5299: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5093: 5068: 4634: 4070: 1498:According to the German priest and pilgrim 1488: 1234: 1187: 1088: 964:Within the church proper are the last four 11466:Baroque architecture in the Ottoman Empire 11336:Buildings and structures completed in 1809 11331:Buildings and structures completed in 1555 11321:Buildings and structures completed in 1149 11086:Entertainment and performance arts centers 10720:Gates, streets, squares, areas of interest 10020: 10006: 8994: 8980: 8711: 8697: 8602:(article, interactive plan, photo gallery) 8083: 7829: 7827: 7788: 7286: 7210:Social History of the Races of Mankind ... 7206: 6917:. Cambridge University Press. p. 69. 6889: 6706:"Stone of Anointing – Madain Project (en)" 6409: 6247: 5587:. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–12. 5237:A History of Architecture in All Countries 5132: 5029: 5027: 4705: 4625:following Rufinus, it would seem that the 4477: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4226: 3047:, alleged to be where Jesus was held. The 2203:, which once provided exclusive access to 2107:South of the parvis, opposite the church: 1616:. The royal tombs were looted during the 1056:, Anastasis being Greek for Resurrection. 869: 855: 54: 10842:Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations 8679:Church of the Holy Sepulchre Virtual Tour 8517: 7984: 7575: 7183: 6895: 6728: 6616:The Knights Hospitallers in the Holy Land 6439: 6437: 6396:at least since the time of Sultan Saladin 5790: 5781: 5679: 5677: 5649: 5645: 5643: 5593:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189667.003.0001 5583:Cohen, Raymond (2008). "The Earthquake". 5389: 5230: 5224: 4831: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4176:"Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem" 4144: 4142: 4140: 4028: 4026: 3614:, constructed between 1481 and 1504, the 3333: 3192:Chapel of the Invention of the Holy Cross 3152: 3121: 2370:' stands beneath a window on the façade. 2221: 2082: 2045:Learn how and when to remove this message 1876:(IAA) declared the visibly deteriorating 1765: 972:, representing the final episodes of the 11351:Armenian Apostolic churches in Jerusalem 11170:Day of Prayer for the Peace of Jerusalem 10027: 8439: 8348:Gibson, Shimon; Taylor, Joan E. (1994). 8314: 8084:Ousterhout, Robert G. (1 January 1981). 7609:Fisher-Ilan, Allyn (28 September 2004). 7384:. Harvard University Press. p. 35. 7374: 7234: 7232: 7017: 6991: 6959: 6796: 6479: 6468: 6221: 5732: 5286: 5157: 5097:A Concise History of the Catholic Church 4851: 4699: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4170: 4168: 4166: 3628:Mount St. Sepulchre Franciscan Monastery 3522: 3455: 3372: 3235: 3195: 3162: 3131: 3089: 3034: 3006: 2969: 2961: 2908: 2885:Armenian monastery south of the Aedicule 2776: 2459: 2451: 2379: 2359:the date more generally accepted. After 2317: 2297: 2068: 2056: 1818: 1749: 1683: 1565:The church became the seat of the first 1534: 1427:) until the Crusaders' arrival in 1099. 1392:in 1048. As a concession, the mosque in 1253: 948:in 1009. Al-Hakim's son allowed Emperor 903:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem 223:Nikolaos Ch. Komnenos (1810 restoration) 8569:. London: John Murray. pp. 46–56. 7824: 7641: 7263: 7261: 7240:"The Franciscans at the Holy Sepulchre" 7114: 7053: 7026: 6910: 6734: 6588:"The Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulcher" 6410:Sudilovsky, Judith (27 February 2018). 6321: 5824: 5697: 5695: 5530: 5524: 5476: 5395: 5349: 5033: 5024: 4876: 4473: 4471: 4455: 4422: 4223: 4148: 4075:, modern Greek for "small compartment". 3070:. The Armenians regard a recess in the 3002: 2762:also retained the key to the Aedicule. 2567: 2111:Broken columns—once forming part of an 1899:National Technical University of Athens 1867: 1854: 905:. It is considered the holiest site in 14: 11371:Constantine the Great and Christianity 11303: 9893: 9194: 8576:from the original on 5 September 2021. 8492: 8402: 8260: 8234: 7929: 7896: 7863: 7277:, See the Holy Land, accessed May 2020 7092:from the original on 21 September 2022 7059: 6856: 6542:. Oxford University Press. p. 7. 6443: 6434: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6139: 5980: 5857: 5674: 5640: 5531:Mailáth, János Nepomuk Jozsef (1848). 5366: 5260:. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing. 5081: 4973: 4777: 4672: 4612:: Archæology of the Cross and Crucifix 4438: 4382: 4266:United Nations Conciliation Commission 4137: 4023: 4018: 2313: 1942:until being damaged in the 1808 fire. 1495:('Protector of the Holy Sepulchre'). 11436:Syriac Orthodox churches in Jerusalem 11431:Coptic Orthodox Churches in Jerusalem 10311:U. Nahon Museum of Italian Jewish Art 10001: 8975: 8692: 8628:The Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulchre 8617:, legends in Polish with some English 8366: 7990: 7942:from the original on 27 December 2023 7878:from the original on 27 February 2018 7797: 7722:from the original on 22 February 2015 7710:O'Laughlin, Toni (10 November 2008). 7688:from the original on 22 February 2015 7656:from the original on 22 February 2015 7590:from the original on 30 December 2011 7536: 7229: 6921:from the original on 27 February 2015 6862: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6649:Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades 6535: 5919: 5888: 5858:Pappas, Stephanie (31 October 2016). 5701: 5615: 5609: 5582: 5458:from the original on 17 November 2022 5437: 5114:from the original on 12 December 2023 5004:from the original on 18 December 2023 4800: 4719:from the original on 25 December 2017 4687:from the original on 29 November 2018 4579: 4552: 4541: 4204: 4163: 3210:Invention (Finding) of the Holy Cross 2958:Franciscan area north of the Aedicule 2943: 2839:Greek Orthodox patriarch of Jerusalem 2447: 2375: 1950: 1922:Crusader altar slab discovered (2022) 901:. The church is also the seat of the 11421:Roman Catholic churches in Jerusalem 8655:(Muslim Holy Sepulchre door keepers) 8557: 8480:from the original on 8 November 2023 8335:from the original on 8 November 2023 8281:from the original on 8 November 2023 8214:Jerusalem, Israel, Petra & Sinai 8180: 8162:from the original on 23 January 2022 7734: 7557:from the original on 8 November 2023 7543:. Altralinea Edizioni. p. 117. 7398:from the original on 8 November 2023 7326:from the original on 8 November 2023 7315: 7297:from the original on 8 November 2023 7258: 7155:"Armenian Station of the Holy Women" 7135:from the original on 8 November 2023 7037:from the original on 8 November 2023 7002:from the original on 8 November 2023 6755:from the original on 8 November 2023 6645: 6623:from the original on 8 November 2023 6612: 6556:from the original on 8 November 2023 6160:from the original on 8 November 2023 6118:from the original on 8 November 2023 5870:from the original on 1 November 2016 5737:(in German). Freiburg. p. 170. 5692: 5545:from the original on 8 November 2023 5518: 5500:from the original on 8 November 2023 5431: 5416:from the original on 8 November 2023 5377:from the original on 8 November 2023 5250: 4955:from the original on 25 January 2013 4920:from the original on 11 October 2021 4590: 4468: 4296: 4159:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 3726:History of Roman and Byzantine domes 3706:Early Christian art and architecture 3683:Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre 3232:Status Quo (Jerusalem and Bethlehem) 3206:Chapel of the Invention of the Cross 3102:are, from north to south: the Greek 2925:celebrate their Liturgy on Sundays. 2641:Facade of the Aedicule with pilgrims 2556:containing the staircase leading to 2126:, a small Greek Orthodox monastery ( 2096:. Two streets open into the parvis: 1983:adding citations to reliable sources 1954: 1520:Chapel of the Invention of the Cross 1023:The church was named either for the 944:in the 4th century and destroyed by 889:, is a fourth-century church in the 457:Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem 10251:North Africa Jewish Heritage Center 9210:Church of Saint Mary of the Germans 8634:Franciscan Custody in the Holy Land 8608:Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, 8565:. In Ashbee, Charles Robert (ed.). 8440:Stasolla, Francesca Romana (2022). 8403:Bowman, Glenn (16 September 2011). 8239:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 8029:Death and Burial in the Roman World 7801:בעיריית ירושלים לא מתרגשים מהכנסייה 7426:, Documenta Catholica Omnia, p. 87. 7417:List of Christians in the Holy Land 7186:"Chapel of Joseph of Arimateaitled" 6941:"Catholic Chapel of the Apparition" 6480:Sherwood, Harriet (21 March 2017). 6348: 6315: 6303:from the original on 2 January 2022 5889:Romey, Kristin (28 November 2017). 5662:from the original on 13 August 2011 5168: 5153:from the original on 10 March 2024. 5139:. Penguin Books Ltd. p. 1339. 4673:Renner, Gerald (14 December 1996). 4484:. The Overlook Press. p. 206. 3899: 3852: 3697:, head of the 1961–1977 excavations 3183:, and which leads to the Chapel of 3030: 2837:) is the patriarchal throne of the 2561: 2503:, and succeeded on the left by the 2162:Chapel of the Four Living Creatures 1656:There was certainly a recognisable 1613: 1277:to commemorate the birth of Jesus. 24: 11401:Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem 11055:Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial 10085:The Architects Tombs at Jaffa Gate 9217:Church of Saint Mary of the Latins 8545:from the original on 26 April 2015 8387:from the original on 21 March 2021 8267:. Scarborough: Sutton Publishing. 8253: 8212: 8132:from the original on 18 April 2022 7972:from the original on 17 March 2018 7864:Estrin, Daniel (2 December 2017). 7845:from the original on 20 April 2018 7217:from the original on 21 April 2023 6947:from the original on 19 April 2018 6877:from the original on 10 March 2024 6840:. 15 December 2016. Archived from 6814:from the original on 1 August 2017 6784:from the original on 10 March 2024 6693: 6687: 6666:from the original on 10 March 2024 6523: 6444:Harash, Rinat (30 November 2017). 6215: 6192:from the original on 26 March 2023 6082: 6030:from the original on 26 March 2023 5962:from the original on 4 August 2022 5932:from the original on 4 August 2022 5851: 5825:Goldman, Russell (22 March 2017). 5702:Romey, Kristin (26 October 2016). 5189:from the original on 10 March 2024 5172:State and Society in Fatimid Egypt 5056:from the original on 10 March 2024 4801:Romey, Kristin (31 October 2016). 4771: 4594:The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible 4567:from the original on 10 March 2024 4498:from the original on 1 August 2023 4198: 4125:from the original on 29 April 2021 3986:celebrates the anniversary of the 3293:. Roman Catholics act through the 3225: 3039:Prison of Christ before renovation 2442:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate Street 1719:(decree) later developed into the 1610:rulers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1357:complete destruction of the church 25: 11477: 11346:Ancient churches in the Holy Land 11229:Placing notes in the Western Wall 9925:Remnants or rebuilt buildings in 8582: 8005:from the original on 2 April 2015 7911:from the original on 13 June 2019 7798:Token, Benny (27 February 2018). 7644:"Christians brawl at Jesus' tomb" 7623:from the original on 7 April 2023 7447:from the original on 28 June 2015 7319:The Status Quo in the Holy Places 7027:Dowling, Theodore Edward (1913). 6973:from the original on 14 July 2014 6969:. Michael Hammers. 24 June 2014. 6716:from the original on 8 March 2021 6371:from the original on 22 July 2010 5995:from the original on 9 April 2023 5803:from the original on 20 July 2014 5444:. Vol. 15. pp. 71–103. 5438:Re’em, Amit; et al. (2022). 5220:. London: Macmillan. p. 148. 4591:Owen, G. Frederick, ed. (1983) . 4304:The Status Quo in the Holy Places 4278:from the original on 8 March 2021 3291:Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulchre 3128:Chapel of Saint Helena, Jerusalem 3076:Church of St. Peter in Gallicantu 2987:met Jesus after his resurrection. 2864:mosaic inside the catholicon dome 2493:Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulchre 2432:Behind the Chapel of Adam is the 2220:and chapel, directly beneath the 1651: 1390:Patriarch Nicephorus of Jerusalem 1316:Jerusalem came under Islamic rule 1281:Damage and destruction (614–1009) 1066:§ Connection to Roman temple 10701:Tower of David (northeast tower) 10409:Rabbi Dr. I. Goldstein Synagogue 10266:Rockefeller Archeological Museum 9980: 9968: 9956: 9944: 9932: 9510: 9324:Church of Saint John the Baptist 9204:Church of Saint James Intercisus 8954: 8942: 8930: 8918: 8906: 8297:The Church of the Holy Sepulchre 8174: 8144: 8077: 8020: 7954: 7923: 7890: 7857: 7812:from the original on 3 July 2018 7764: 7752:from the original on 3 July 2018 7703: 7668: 7642:El Deeb, Sarah (21 April 2008). 7635: 7602: 7576:Armstrong, Chris (1 July 2002). 7569: 7530: 7496: 7459: 7429: 7410: 7368: 7338: 7309: 7280: 7200: 7177: 7108: 6985: 6933: 6904: 6900:. Franciscian Press. p. 47. 6826: 6492:from the original on 3 July 2018 6456:from the original on 11 May 2019 6273:from the original on 27 May 2019 5367:Conder, Claude Reignier (1909). 4650:from the original on 2 June 2022 4556:Il Santo Sepolcro di Gerusalemme 4529:from the original on 20 May 2022 4516: 4153:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 4078: 3756:Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel 3661: 3647: 2869: 2853: 2682: 2670: 2658: 2646: 2634: 2622: 2610: 2595: 2579: 2524:lowering of Jesus from the cross 2515: 2495:), and is decorated with lamps. 2151:Chapel of St John the Evangelist 2073:The northeast of the courtyard ( 1959: 1905: 1782:of red limestone applied to the 1176: 1167: 325: 11456:Tombs in the State of Palestine 11098:International Convention Center 11050:Garden of the Missing in Action 11040:Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery 10897:The Nature Park & Galleries 10241:Museum of Underground Prisoners 8771:Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery 8684:The Holy Sepulchre Virtual Tour 6767: 6639: 6606: 6571: 6529: 6403: 6285: 6259: 6176: 6133: 6088: 6042: 6007: 5974: 5944: 5913: 5882: 5576: 5557: 5470: 5360: 5343: 5274: 5244: 5126: 5087: 5019:, 'Church of the Resurrection'. 4967: 4870: 4825: 4731: 4666: 4601: 4561:The Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem 4510: 4416: 4376: 4356: 4313: 4057: 4048: 4039: 4000: 3976: 3963: 3954: 3937: 3736:List of oldest church buildings 3368:Issues with Israeli authorities 3273:The primary custodians are the 3112:Chapel of the Division of Robes 3024: 2781:East end of the Greek Orthodox 2715: 2553: 2522:, which others identify as the 2511: 2394: 2390: 2302:Bell tower left of the entrance 2164:(both are disputed between the 1970:needs additional citations for 73: 69: 61: 36:Holy Sepulchre (disambiguation) 11356:Basilica churches in Jerusalem 11004:Leonardo Plaza Hotel Jerusalem 10559:Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque 10226:Menachem Begin Heritage Center 9762:Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque 9176:Convent of the Sisters of Zion 9147:Monastery of the Flagellation 8802:Jerusalem British War Cemetery 8039:, pp. 48–49, JHU Press. 1996. 7962:"Church of the Holy Sepulcher" 7066:Anglican and Episcopal History 5920:Parke, Caleb (30 March 2020). 5212:Foakes-Jackson, Frederick John 4290: 4258: 4107: 3869: 3774: 3340:, Ottoman governor and French 2966:Chapel of Saint Mary Magdalene 2142:(Greek Orthodox), next to the 1994:"Church of the Holy Sepulchre" 1945: 1569:and the site of the kingdom's 1071:Background (1st–4th centuries) 1036:Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre 976:. The church has been a major 18:Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre 13: 1: 11200:Jerusalem Food Truck Festival 10646:Jerusalem Walls National Park 10641:Jerusalem Archaeological Park 10472:Cathedral of the Annunciation 10236:Museum of Tolerance Jerusalem 9368:Church of the Holy Archangels 9271:Church of Our Lady of Sorrows 9253:Cathedral of the Annunciation 7841:. Reuters. 26 February 2018. 7770:Jonathan Lis and Nir Hasson, 7207:Featherman, Americus (1881). 7118:Bedlam. St. Mary of Bethlehem 6322:LoLordo, Ann (28 June 1999). 6056:. 7 June 2021. Archived from 6014:Harutyunyan, Khachik (2020). 5133:MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2009). 4095: 3711:Fathers of the Holy Sepulchre 3476:and directly adjacent to the 3426:Land sale to Israeli settlers 3220: 3085: 3072:Monastery of the Flagellation 2890: 2772: 2754:, lies the altar used by the 2557: 2520:the 13th Station of the Cross 2293: 2199:Crusader chapel dedicated to 1877: 1815:Jordanian and Israeli periods 1783: 1673: 1618:Khwarizmian sack of Jerusalem 1447: 1372:Reconstruction (11th century) 1360:with shock: it was a spur to 1287:Sasanian capture of Jerusalem 1195: 1159:First sanctuary (4th century) 958: 253: 11366:Relics associated with Jesus 11311:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 11205:Temple Mount Sifting Project 11122:Markets and shopping centers 10482:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 10369:Great Synagogue of Jerusalem 9478:Protestant Church in Germany 9059:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 8558:Luke, Harry Charles (1924). 8425:10.1080/02757206.2011.595008 8156:www.thecommondenominator.com 7991:Bahat, Dan (May–June 1986). 7897:Hasson, Nir (13 June 2019). 7684:. London. 10 November 2008. 7190:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 6838:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 6140:Wright, John Robert (1995). 5791:Lancaster, James E. (1998). 5650:Lancaster, James E. (2015). 5622:The Bible and Interpretation 5094:Bokenkotter, Thomas (2004). 4100: 3844:Yäḳdus Mäḳabr betä-krəstiyan 3578: 3552:The church is a part of the 3351:Exaltation of the Holy Cross 2981:Chapel of St. Mary Magdalene 2586:Rotunda interior painted by 2527: 2211:Oratory of St. Mary of Egypt 2204: 1874:Israel Antiquities Authority 1220: 1032:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 883:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 635:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 65: 49:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 7: 11386:Church buildings with domes 11190:Jerusalem Festival of Light 10882:Jerusalem Metropolitan Park 10867:Jerusalem Botanical Gardens 10604:Cave of the Minor Sanhedrin 9085:New Church of the Theotokos 8636:(Roman Catholic custodians) 8630:(Greek Orthodox custodians) 8499:"Sepulchre, The Holy" 8373:. Oxford University Press. 7998:Biblical Archaeology Review 7930:Surkes, Sue (9 June 2022). 7611:"Punch-up at tomb of Jesus" 7503:Joudeh al-Husseini, Adeeb. 7287:Longfellow, W.P.P. (1895). 5616:Cohen, Raymond (May 2009). 4737:Stolzenburg, Xenia (2017). 4458:The Secret of Christ's Tomb 4149:McMahon, Arthur L. (1913). 4065: 3930: 3910: 3890: 3863: 3843: 3823: 3795: 3640: 3626:between 1656 and 1666, and 3518: 3442:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate 3300:. In the 19th century, the 3287:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate 3053:Monastery of the Praetorium 2705:in English, from the Latin 1770:By the time of the British 1437:Order of the Holy Sepulchre 1431:Crusader period (1099–1244) 10: 11482: 10887:Orson Hyde Memorial Garden 10862:Jerusalem Bird Observatory 10531:Monastery of Saint Saviour 10477:Church of the Flagellation 10118:National Library of Israel 9622:Surrounding streets, roads 9156:Church of the Flagellation 9151:Church of the Condemnation 9143:Monastery of Saint Saviour 8610:National Library of Israel 8591:, dedicated church website 8529:Metropolitan Museum of Art 8315:Coüasnon, Charles (1974). 8206: 7441:holysepulchre.custodia.org 7381:Jerusalem, City of Longing 7322:. Good Press. p. 26. 7060:Wright, J. Robert (1995). 6896:DeSandoli, Sabino (1986). 6777:Encyclopædia Metropolitana 6652:. Routledge. p. 121. 6613:King, Edwin James (1931). 5733:Hesemann, Michael (1999). 5373:. J. Murray. p. 294. 5100:. Doubleday. p. 155. 4974:Kelley, Justin L. (2019). 4949:Orthodox Church in America 3746:Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem) 3554:UNESCO World Heritage Site 3452:Connection to Roman temple 3327:Interdenominational issues 3229: 3156: 3125: 2913:Altar in the Syriac chapel 2482:Riccoldo da Monte di Croce 2306:The 12th-century Crusader 1754:Floorplan, illustrated by 1642:Athanasius II of Jerusalem 1530:chapel dedicated to Helena 1514:By the Crusader period, a 1491:Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri 1440: 1434: 1284: 1063: 1059: 1050:Church of the Resurrection 887:Church of the Resurrection 29: 11272: 11213: 11157: 11121: 11085: 11022: 10961: 10925: 10829: 10719: 10586: 10546: 10504:Church of the Holy Family 10467:Chapel of Simon of Cyrene 10459: 10424:Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue 10364:Four Sephardic Synagogues 10354:Beit El Kabbalist yeshiva 10336: 10329: 10174:Bloomfield Science Museum 10161: 10033: 9921: 9904:Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue 9865:Four Sephardic Synagogues 9843: 9812: 9789: 9746: 9677: 9658: 9509: 9504: 9467: 9436: 9427: 9399: 9381: 9347: 9336: 9297: 9279: 9261: 9237: 9186:Church of the Holy Family 9163:Chapel of Simon of Cyrene 9103: 9094: 9047: 9038: 9017: 8901: 8815: 8794: 8758: 8742: 8726: 7293:. Scribner. p. 179. 6992:Pierotti, Ermete (1864). 6943:. See The Holy Land.net. 6539:Saving the Holy Sepulchre 6324:"Trouble in a holy place" 5797:Jim Lancaster's Web Space 4617:26 September 2010 at the 4478:Stephenson, Paul (2010). 4460:(television production). 4428:The Resurrection of Jesus 4402:10.1017/S0028688500016465 4334:10.1017/S0035869X00140614 4071: 3919: 3879: 3832: 3812: 3805:Ecclesia Sancti Sepulchri 3784: 3480:(now the location of the 2934:Saint Joseph of Arimathea 2895:Station of the Holy Women 2876:Cross over the catholicon 1386:Constantine IX Monomachos 1139:, was presumed to be the 950:Constantine IX Monomachos 294: 283: 275: 270: 262: 247: 227: 217: 212: 200: 190: 182: 177: 152: 132: 118: 84: 80: 53: 48: 10938:Jerusalem Sports Quarter 10184:Chamber of the Holocaust 9363:Cathedral of Saint James 8409:History and Anthropology 8185:. ABC-CLIO. p. 57. 7800: 7777:25 February 2018 at the 7346:"Chapel of Saint Helena" 7121:. Lulu.com. p. 32. 6911:Jeffery, George (1919). 6619:. Methuen. p. 236. 6391:companion of the Prophet 6101:The Life of Jesus Christ 5350:Jeffery, George (1919). 5321:"Chapel of Saint Helena" 5034:Kroesen, Justin (2000). 4864:Itinerarium Burdigalense 4744:10 November 2019 at the 4553:Corbo, Virgilio (1981). 4301: 3767: 3486:Russian Mission in Exile 3298:Custody of the Holy Land 3200:Grotto of the Holy Cross 3104:Chapel of Saint Longinus 2992:Chapel of the Apparition 2974:Chapel of the Apparition 2767:Chapel of the Apparition 2287:Forty Martyrs of Sebaste 2081:under a window, and the 1726:A fire severely damaged 1485:Latin ruler of Jerusalem 708:Greek Orthodox Patriarch 11195:Jerusalem Film Festival 10451:Zoharei Chama Synagogue 10389:Ohel Yitzchak Synagogue 10133:Supreme Court of Israel 9963:Christianity portal 9885:Ohel Yitzchak Synagogue 9610:Double, Single, Tanners 9391:Monastery of Saint Mark 8937:Christianity portal 8878:Tomb of the Virgin Mary 8868:Tomb of Simeon the Just 8720:Cemeteries in Jerusalem 8509:Encyclopædia Britannica 8398:(subscription required) 8367:Cohen, Raymond (2008). 8261:Biddle, Martin (1999). 8070:10 October 2007 at the 8026:Toynbee, Jocelyn M. C. 8016:(subscription required) 7699:(subscription required) 7649:San Francisco Chronicle 7213:Trübner & Company. 7115:Trainor, Terry (2012). 6967:"The Cross of Golgotha" 6863:Janin, Raymond (1913). 6735:Pringle, Denys (1993). 6536:Cohen, Raymond (2008). 5759:"Saint Vartan's Chapel" 5396:Pringle, Denys (1993). 5200:(subscription required) 4364:Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome 4238:Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome 4205:Gates, Charles (2011). 4180:Sacred-destinations.com 3984:Eastern Orthodox Church 3796:Naós tou Panagíou Táfou 3785:Ναός του Παναγίου Τάφου 3616:New Jerusalem Monastery 3289:as well as through the 2331:, through the crusader 2146:entrance to the parvis. 2140:Monastery of St Abraham 1668:accounts indicate. The 1624:The church was lost to 1483:, who became the first 1456:, when calling for the 1325:Eutychius of Alexandria 1054:Church of the Anastasis 1018: 989:Christian denominations 11446:Status quo holy places 11381:Christianity and death 11341:Alleged tombs of Jesus 11165:1st Jerusalem Biennale 11103:Jerusalem Cinematheque 10857:Jerusalem Biblical Zoo 10691:Tombs of the Sanhedrin 10492:Chapel of Saint Helena 10394:Ohr ha-Chaim Synagogue 10231:Museum for Islamic Art 10189:Friends of Zion Museum 9870:Ohr ha-Chaim Synagogue 9486:Church of the Redeemer 9069:Chapel of Saint Helena 8873:Tombs of the Sanhedrin 8235:Morris, Colin (2005), 7537:Tucci, Grazia (2019). 7437:"Chapel of St. Helena" 6774:Encyclopaedia (1852). 5042:. Leuven. p. 11. 4987:. p. 4 (note 3). 4712:Historia Ecclesiastica 3804: 3751:Palestinian Christians 3701:Christianity in Israel 3537: 3527:1842 lithograph after 3465: 3423: 3404:municipal property tax 3396: 3249: 3201: 3168: 3153:Chapel of Saint Vartan 3139: 3137:Chapel of Saint Helena 3122:Chapel of Saint Helena 3116:Chapel of the Derision 3095: 3040: 3012: 2975: 2967: 2914: 2789: 2750:, constructed of iron 2706: 2501:Descent from the Cross 2465: 2457: 2385: 2323: 2303: 2257:group of three chapels 2231:The tomb (including a 2086: 2066: 1831: 1794:After the care of the 1766:British Mandate period 1759: 1692: 1547: 1545:Chapel of Saint Helena 1489: 1271:Church of the Nativity 1262: 1235: 1188: 1089: 1081:First Jewish–Roman War 734:Religious significance 34:. For other uses, see 11406:Resurrection of Jesus 11326:12th-century churches 11239:Jerusalem mixed grill 11067:Shaare Zedek Cemetery 11009:Mount of Olives Hotel 10989:Inbal Jerusalem Hotel 10969:American Colony Hotel 10774:Old City of Jerusalem 10564:Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya 10524:Church of All Nations 10123:Navon railway station 10056:Gates of the Old City 9733:Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya 9698:Dome of the Ascension 9373:Church of Saint Toros 8781:Shaare Zedek Cemetery 8668:(Armenian custodians) 8659:St. James Brotherhood 8494:Watson, Charles Moore 8458:10.1484/J.LA.5.134546 8181:Holt, Andrew (2019). 7422:18 April 2021 at the 7316:Cust, L.G.A. (2020). 7273:15 April 2020 at the 6646:Boas, Adrian (2001). 6060:on 4 September 2022. 5370:The City of Jerusalem 4886:Dumbarton Oaks Papers 4878:Wharton, Annabel Jane 4833:MacDonald, William L. 4610:Catholic Encyclopedia 4456:Strange, Bob (2017). 4389:New Testament Studies 4156:Catholic Encyclopedia 3951:of Jesus's followers. 3931:Surb Harut'yan tač̣ar 3920:Սուրբ Յարութեան տաճար 3900:كَنِيسَةُ ٱلْقِيَامَة 3813:Սուրբ Հարության տաճար 3557:Old City of Jerusalem 3526: 3470:main north–south road 3459: 3419: 3391: 3373:Tax and land disputes 3262:was upheld in Sultan 3239: 3199: 3166: 3135: 3093: 3038: 3019:are seven arches (an 3010: 2973: 2965: 2912: 2897:) and a large modern 2780: 2463: 2455: 2383: 2321: 2301: 2072: 2060: 1822: 1774:following the end of 1772:Mandate for Palestine 1753: 1687: 1538: 1435:Further information: 1415:the Fatimids and the 1396:was reopened and the 1353:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 1327:adds that Umar wrote 1257: 1143:, on which Jesus was 1137:cured people of death 1117:Constantine the Great 1034:is also known as the 1025:Resurrection of Jesus 966:stations of the Cross 195:Constantine the Great 127:Old City of Jerusalem 103:31.77833°N 35.22972°E 64:(12th century), 11316:4th-century churches 11285:Cuisine of Jerusalem 11134:Mahane Yehuda Market 11072:Sheikh Badr Cemetery 10994:Jerusalem Gate Hotel 10686:Tomb of the Prophets 10587:Archaeological sites 10499:Church of Saint Anne 10429:Tzuf Dvash Synagogue 10359:Belz Great Synagogue 10276:Schottenstein campus 10256:Old Yishuv Courtyard 10028:Tourism in Jerusalem 9951:Palestine portal 9875:Tzuf Dvash Synagogue 9181:Church of Saint Anne 8925:Palestine portal 8893:Tomb of the Prophets 8727:Christian cemeteries 8664:21 June 2020 at the 8651:22 July 2010 at the 8615:Photos of the church 8034:7 April 2023 at the 7748:. 26 February 2018. 7652:. Associated Press. 7515:on 20 September 2022 5569:6 March 2021 at the 5466:– via HAL-SHS. 5426:destroyed in 1809–10 5240:. London: J. Murray. 5169:Lev, Yaacov (1991). 3824:Surb Harutʿyan tačar 3502:Virgilio Canio Corbo 3474:main east–west roads 3472:with one of the two 3400:2018 taxation affair 3334:Chapel of the Franks 3017:Arches of the Virgin 3011:Arches of the Virgin 3003:Arches of the Virgin 2843:patriarch of Antioch 2758:. Historically, the 2568:Rotunda and Aedicule 2280:St. John the Baptist 2245:Henry III of England 2222:Chapel of the Franks 2193:Chapel of the Franks 2172:), giving access to 2158:Chapel of St Michael 2124:Gethsemane Metochion 2083:Chapel of the Franks 1979:improve this article 1882:World Monuments Fund 1868:Aedicule restoration 1855:Chapel of St. Vartan 1735:in the contemporary 1709:in 1699. During the 1634:Emperor Frederick II 1348:On 18 October 1009, 1079:in AD 70 during the 978:Christian pilgrimage 885:, also known as the 370:Second Temple Period 72:(smaller dome), and 11361:Pilgrimage churches 11093:Gerard Behar Center 10979:David Citadel Hotel 10706:Western Wall Tunnel 10676:Tomb of Benei Hezir 10404:Or Zaruaa Synagogue 10399:Old Motza Synagogue 10296:Terra Sancta Museum 10113:Montefiore Windmill 9835:Little Western Wall 9830:Western Wall Tunnel 9718:Dome of the Prophet 9031:Sorted by religions 9022:World Heritage Site 8863:Tomb of Benei Hezir 8795:Military cemeteries 8734:Mount Zion Cemetery 8600:Sacred Destinations 7968:. Generation Word. 6871:Echos of the Orient 6844:on 25 February 2019 6387:Ubadah ibn al-Samit 6336:on 29 November 2014 6185:Quarterly Statement 5956:The Times of Israel 5901:on 24 February 2021 5895:National Geographic 5708:National Geographic 5356:. CUP. p. 124. 5306:, Henry L. Savage, 4859:Pilgrim of Bordeaux 4807:National Geographic 4462:National Geographic 4186:on 3 September 2009 4007:Adémar de Chabannes 3911:Kanīsatu al-Qiyāmah 3891:Naos tes Anastaseos 3880:Ναὸς τῆς Ἀναστάσεως 3669:Christianity portal 3240:As a result of the 3173:Chapel of St Vartan 3098:The chapels in the 3064:Church of Ecce Homo 3062:, located near the 2474:Joseph of Arimathea 2314:Façade and entrance 2237:of Philip d'Aubigny 2224:, dedicated to St. 2201:Our Lady of Sorrows 2178:Chapel of St Helena 2153:(Armenian Orthodox) 1789:British authorities 1741:Chapel of the Angel 1707:Treaty of Karlowitz 1481:Godfrey of Bouillon 1443:Art of the Crusades 1364:and, later on, the 1320:Umar ibn al-Khattab 1260:Kenneth John Conant 682:Demographic history 99: / 27:Church in Jerusalem 11280:Jerusalem syndrome 11062:Sanhedria Cemetery 11014:Seven Arches Hotel 10984:The Heritage House 10681:Tombs of the Kings 10609:Cave of the Ramban 10246:Museum on the Seam 10219:Shrine of the Book 10169:Bible Lands Museum 10148:Walls of Jerusalem 10128:Shrine of the Book 9987:Judaism portal 9713:Dome of al-Khalili 9438:Anglican Communion 8961:Judaism portal 8888:Tombs of the Kings 8828:Cave of the Ramban 8776:Sanhedria Cemetery 8743:Islamic cemeteries 8417:University of Kent 8264:The Tomb of Christ 7839:The Jerusalem Post 7785:, 25 February 2018 7583:Christianity Today 7196:on 20 August 2022. 7165:on 28 October 2020 7048:this misstatement. 6998:. Bell and Daldy. 6995:Jerusalem Explored 6229:"Parvis and Entry" 5831:The New York Times 5769:on 28 October 2020 5714:on 30 October 2016 5017:Kanisah al-Qiyamah 3864:K'nesiyát ha-Kéver 3833:የቅዱስ መቃብር ቤተክርስቲያን 3655:Catholicism portal 3538: 3466: 3414:The Jerusalem Post 3362:Feast of the Cross 3306:Ethiopian Orthodox 3283:Armenian Apostolic 3250: 3202: 3169: 3140: 3096: 3041: 3013: 2976: 2968: 2944:First-century tomb 2915: 2862:Christ Pantocrator 2790: 2728:Armenian Apostolic 2470:Stone of Anointing 2466: 2458: 2448:Stone of Anointing 2386: 2376:Calvary (Golgotha) 2324: 2304: 2285:The Chapel of the 2273:St. James the Just 2087: 2067: 1951:Parvis (courtyard) 1832: 1760: 1693: 1678:Boniface of Ragusa 1662:Church of the East 1608:– the first eight 1554:style and added a 1548: 1500:Ludolf von Sudheim 1470:Alexios I Komnenos 1362:expulsions of Jews 1263: 1077:siege of Jerusalem 1046:Eastern Christians 1013:Ethiopian Orthodox 1001:Armenian Apostolic 660:Al-Quds University 147:Armenian Apostolic 108:31.77833; 35.22972 11441:Crusader churches 11416:Christian Quarter 11298: 11297: 11290:Tourism in Israel 11224:Armenian ceramics 11129:Ben Yehuda Street 11108:Jerusalem Theatre 10933:Givat Ram Stadium 10877:Liberty Bell Park 10852:Independence Park 10830:Parks and gardens 10784:Christian Quarter 10696:Tomb of Zechariah 10582: 10581: 9995: 9994: 9939:Israel portal 9917: 9916: 9913: 9912: 9785: 9784: 9777:Sidna Omar Mosque 9758:Al-Yaqoubi Mosque 9703:Dome of the Chain 9502: 9501: 9498: 9497: 9494: 9493: 9463: 9462: 9423: 9422: 9349:Armenian Orthodox 9332: 9331: 9293: 9292: 9281:Maronite Catholic 9263:Armenian Catholic 9233: 9232: 9171: 9170: 8969: 8968: 8913:Israel portal 8883:Tomb of Zechariah 8853:Silwan necropolis 8843:Herod Family Tomb 8759:Jewish cemeteries 8640:The Joudeh family 8380:978-0-19-518966-7 8227:978-1-4654-4131-7 7550:978-88-94869-78-1 6748:978-0-521-39038-5 6710:madainproject.com 6659:978-1-134-58272-3 6549:978-0-19-971990-7 6367:. 9 August 2004. 6329:The Baltimore Sun 6297:madainproject.com 6218:, pp. 94–97. 6153:978-965-7024-00-3 6096:Ludolph of Saxony 5839:on 1 January 2022 5656:CoastDaylight.com 5602:978-0-19-518966-7 5493:978-0-521-39038-5 5409:978-0-521-39038-5 5267:978-1-59698-029-7 5182:978-90-04-09344-7 4994:978-1-78969-056-9 4491:978-1-46830-300-1 4216:978-0-203-83057-4 3949:collective memory 3928: 3908: 3888: 3861: 3841: 3821: 3793: 3622:, constructed by 3610:("Holy Tomb") of 3264:Abdülmecid I 3167:St. Vartan Chapel 3159:Vardan Mamikonian 2829:The catholicon's 2804:transept crossing 2497:The modern mosaic 2282:(Greek Orthodox), 2275:(Greek Orthodox), 2055: 2054: 2047: 2029: 1912:COVID-19 pandemic 1800:Church of England 1048:also call it the 891:Christian Quarter 879: 878: 816:Greater Jerusalem 640:Hebrew University 467: 466: 304: 303: 206:13 September 335 123:Christian Quarter 16:(Redirected from 11473: 11249:Kugel Yerushalmi 11077:Tabachnik Garden 11035:Mamilla Cemetery 10999:King David Hotel 10907:Train Track Park 10789:Armenian Quarter 10727:Bukharan Quarter 10414:Ramban Synagogue 10334: 10333: 10291:Temple Institute 10281:Siebenberg House 10271:Russian Compound 10051:Dome of the Rock 10022: 10015: 10008: 9999: 9998: 9985: 9984: 9983: 9975:Islam portal 9973: 9972: 9971: 9961: 9960: 9949: 9948: 9947: 9937: 9936: 9935: 9891: 9890: 9855:Ramban Synagogue 9810: 9809: 9723:Dome of the Rock 9708:Dome of al-Khidr 9675: 9674: 9613: 9514: 9474: 9473: 9443: 9442: 9434: 9433: 9345: 9344: 9306: 9305: 9287:Maronite Convent 9239:Melkite Catholic 9192: 9191: 9125: 9124: 9101: 9100: 9045: 9044: 8996: 8989: 8982: 8973: 8972: 8959: 8958: 8957: 8949:Islam portal 8947: 8946: 8945: 8935: 8934: 8923: 8922: 8921: 8911: 8910: 8909: 8750:Mamilla Cemetery 8713: 8706: 8699: 8690: 8689: 8577: 8575: 8564: 8554: 8552: 8550: 8513: 8501: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8436: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8392: 8363: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8311: 8290: 8288: 8286: 8249: 8231: 8200: 8199: 8178: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8148: 8142: 8141: 8139: 8137: 8081: 8075: 8062: 8056: 8024: 8018: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8010: 7988: 7982: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7958: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7947: 7927: 7921: 7920: 7918: 7916: 7902: 7894: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7861: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7831: 7822: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7795: 7786: 7768: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7738: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7707: 7701: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7672: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7639: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7628: 7606: 7600: 7599: 7597: 7595: 7573: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7562: 7534: 7528: 7527: 7522: 7520: 7511:. 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Archived from 6319: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6289: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6263: 6257: 6254: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6225: 6219: 6213: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6197: 6180: 6174: 6173: 6167: 6165: 6137: 6131: 6130: 6125: 6123: 6092: 6086: 6080: 6071: 6070: 6062:The state-owned 6046: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5978: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5897:. Archived from 5886: 5880: 5879: 5877: 5875: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5838: 5833:. Archived from 5822: 5816: 5815: 5810: 5808: 5788: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5765:. Archived from 5755: 5749: 5748: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5710:. Archived from 5699: 5690: 5689: 5681: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5647: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5628:on 28 April 2014 5624:. Archived from 5613: 5607: 5606: 5580: 5574: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5528: 5522: 5521:, p. 46–56. 5516: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5423: 5421: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5364: 5358: 5357: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5327:. Archived from 5317: 5311: 5301: 5284: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5232:Fergusson, James 5228: 5222: 5221: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5166: 5155: 5154: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5041: 5031: 5022: 5021: 5011: 5009: 5003: 4982: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4941: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4874: 4868: 4855: 4849: 4848: 4845:Internet Archive 4842: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4813:on 27 April 2021 4809:. Archived from 4798: 4775: 4769: 4750: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4680:Hartford Courant 4670: 4664: 4663: 4657: 4655: 4638: 4632: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4588: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4550: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4475: 4466: 4465: 4453: 4436: 4435: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4234: 4221: 4220: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4172: 4161: 4160: 4151:"Holy Sepulchre" 4146: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4111: 4089: 4082: 4076: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4061: 4055: 4052: 4046: 4043: 4037: 4034:immovable ladder 4030: 4021: 4004: 3998: 3996: 3982:Every year, the 3980: 3974: 3971:Eastern Orthodox 3967: 3961: 3958: 3952: 3941: 3935: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3893: 3883: 3881: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3856: 3854: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3826: 3816: 3814: 3798: 3788: 3786: 3778: 3696: 3688:Charles Coüasnon 3671: 3666: 3665: 3657: 3652: 3651: 3609: 3564:Armenian Quarter 3246:Immovable Ladder 3110:), the Armenian 3061: 3045:Prison of Christ 3031:Prison of Christ 2873: 2857: 2814:is situated, an 2742:ceremony of the 2720:Eastern Orthodox 2686: 2674: 2662: 2650: 2638: 2626: 2614: 2599: 2583: 2368:immovable ladder 2079:immovable ladder 2050: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2030: 2028: 1987: 1963: 1955: 1886:King Abdullah II 1689:Eastern Orthodox 1567:Latin patriarchs 1494: 1378:Byzantine Empire 1238: 1225: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1190:De Locis Sanctis 1180: 1171: 1119:began to favour 1094: 1091:Aelia Capitolina 974:Passion of Jesus 871: 864: 857: 726:Political status 608:Dome of the Rock 380:Aelia Capitolina 356: 355: 329: 306: 305: 258: 255: 208:(1689 years ago) 170: 168:Eastern Orthodox 163: 143:Eastern Orthodox 114: 113: 111: 110: 109: 104: 100: 97: 96: 95: 92: 58: 46: 45: 21: 11481: 11480: 11476: 11475: 11474: 11472: 11471: 11470: 11301: 11300: 11299: 11294: 11268: 11234:Jerusalem bagel 11209: 11180:Israel Festival 11153: 11117: 11081: 11018: 10957: 10921: 10872:Jerusalem Trail 10825: 10742:Ethiopia Street 10732:Artists' Colony 10715: 10711:Zedekiah's Cave 10671:Tomb of Absalom 10631:Israelite Tower 10599:Cave of Nicanor 10578: 10542: 10455: 10384:Hurva Synagogue 10374:Hecht Synagogue 10330:Religious sites 10325: 10316:Yad Levi Eshkol 10157: 10029: 10026: 9996: 9991: 9981: 9979: 9969: 9967: 9955: 9945: 9943: 9933: 9931: 9909: 9889: 9880:Hurva Synagogue 9846: 9839: 9802: 9793: 9781: 9772:Al Dissi Mosque 9754:Al-Buraq Mosque 9742: 9681: 9667: 9662: 9654: 9653: 9650:Sultan Suleiman 9643:Ma'ale HaShalom 9641: 9616: 9611: 9599: 9574: 9567: 9566: 9565: 9562: 9557: 9556: 9553: 9548: 9547: 9544: 9539: 9538: 9535: 9530: 9529: 9523: 9522: 9519: 9507:Areas, quarters 9490: 9459: 9419: 9403: 9401:Coptic Orthodox 9395: 9383:Syriac Orthodox 9377: 9351: 9339: 9328: 9312: 9300: 9289: 9275: 9257: 9241: 9229: 9190: 9167: 9131: 9123: 9107: 9090: 9034: 9013: 9000: 8970: 8965: 8955: 8953: 8943: 8941: 8929: 8919: 8917: 8907: 8905: 8897: 8858:Tomb of Absalom 8823:Cave of Nicanor 8811: 8790: 8754: 8738: 8722: 8717: 8666:Wayback Machine 8653:Wayback Machine 8646:Nuseibeh family 8585: 8580: 8573: 8562: 8548: 8546: 8539: 8519:Weitzmann, Kurt 8483: 8481: 8397: 8390: 8388: 8381: 8360: 8338: 8336: 8329: 8308: 8284: 8282: 8275: 8256: 8254:Further reading 8247: 8228: 8209: 8204: 8203: 8193: 8179: 8175: 8165: 8163: 8150: 8149: 8145: 8135: 8133: 8082: 8078: 8072:Wayback Machine 8063: 8059: 8036:Wayback Machine 8025: 8021: 8015: 8008: 8006: 7989: 7985: 7975: 7973: 7960: 7959: 7955: 7945: 7943: 7936:Times of Israel 7928: 7924: 7914: 7912: 7895: 7891: 7881: 7879: 7871:Weekend Edition 7862: 7858: 7848: 7846: 7833: 7832: 7825: 7815: 7813: 7802: 7796: 7789: 7779:Wayback Machine 7769: 7765: 7755: 7753: 7740: 7739: 7735: 7725: 7723: 7708: 7704: 7698: 7691: 7689: 7674: 7673: 7669: 7659: 7657: 7640: 7636: 7626: 7624: 7607: 7603: 7593: 7591: 7574: 7570: 7560: 7558: 7551: 7535: 7531: 7518: 7516: 7501: 7497: 7482: 7464: 7460: 7450: 7448: 7435: 7434: 7430: 7424:Wayback Machine 7415: 7411: 7401: 7399: 7392: 7376:Goldhill, Simon 7373: 7369: 7359: 7357: 7344: 7343: 7339: 7329: 7327: 7314: 7310: 7300: 7298: 7285: 7281: 7275:Wayback Machine 7266: 7259: 7249: 7247: 7246:on 3 March 2012 7238: 7237: 7230: 7220: 7218: 7205: 7201: 7182: 7178: 7168: 7166: 7153: 7152: 7148: 7138: 7136: 7129: 7113: 7109: 7095: 7093: 7058: 7054: 7040: 7038: 7025: 7018: 7005: 7003: 6990: 6986: 6976: 6974: 6965: 6964: 6960: 6950: 6948: 6939: 6938: 6934: 6924: 6922: 6909: 6905: 6894: 6890: 6880: 6878: 6861: 6857: 6847: 6845: 6834:"Coptic Chapel" 6832: 6831: 6827: 6817: 6815: 6802: 6801: 6797: 6787: 6785: 6780:. p. 307. 6772: 6768: 6758: 6756: 6749: 6733: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6704: 6703: 6694: 6686: 6682: 6669: 6667: 6660: 6644: 6640: 6626: 6624: 6611: 6607: 6597: 6595: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6576: 6572: 6559: 6557: 6550: 6534: 6530: 6522: 6505: 6495: 6493: 6478: 6469: 6459: 6457: 6442: 6435: 6425: 6423: 6408: 6404: 6374: 6372: 6359: 6358: 6349: 6339: 6337: 6320: 6316: 6306: 6304: 6291: 6290: 6286: 6276: 6274: 6265: 6264: 6260: 6255: 6248: 6238: 6236: 6227: 6226: 6222: 6214: 6205: 6195: 6193: 6182: 6181: 6177: 6163: 6161: 6154: 6138: 6134: 6121: 6119: 6112: 6093: 6089: 6081: 6074: 6048: 6047: 6043: 6033: 6031: 6022:(in Armenian). 6012: 6008: 5998: 5996: 5979: 5975: 5965: 5963: 5950: 5949: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5918: 5914: 5904: 5902: 5887: 5883: 5873: 5871: 5856: 5852: 5842: 5840: 5823: 5819: 5806: 5804: 5789: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5745: 5735:Die Jesus-Tafel 5731: 5727: 5717: 5715: 5700: 5693: 5682: 5675: 5665: 5663: 5648: 5641: 5631: 5629: 5614: 5610: 5603: 5581: 5577: 5571:Wayback Machine 5562: 5558: 5548: 5546: 5529: 5525: 5517: 5513: 5503: 5501: 5494: 5475: 5471: 5461: 5459: 5452: 5436: 5432: 5419: 5417: 5410: 5394: 5390: 5380: 5378: 5365: 5361: 5348: 5344: 5334: 5332: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5302: 5287: 5279: 5275: 5268: 5249: 5245: 5229: 5225: 5209: 5205: 5199: 5192: 5190: 5183: 5167: 5158: 5147: 5131: 5127: 5117: 5115: 5108: 5092: 5088: 5080: 5069: 5059: 5057: 5050: 5032: 5025: 5007: 5005: 5001: 4995: 4980: 4972: 4968: 4958: 4956: 4943: 4942: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4898:10.2307/1291664 4875: 4871: 4856: 4852: 4830: 4826: 4816: 4814: 4799: 4778: 4770: 4753: 4746:Wayback Machine 4736: 4732: 4722: 4720: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4671: 4667: 4653: 4651: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4619:Wayback Machine 4606: 4602: 4589: 4580: 4570: 4568: 4551: 4542: 4532: 4530: 4515: 4511: 4501: 4499: 4492: 4476: 4469: 4454: 4439: 4421: 4417: 4384:Taylor, Joan E. 4381: 4377: 4361: 4357: 4318: 4314: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4235: 4224: 4217: 4203: 4199: 4189: 4187: 4174: 4173: 4164: 4147: 4138: 4128: 4126: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4092: 4083: 4079: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4031: 4024: 4015:Yahya ibn Sa'id 4005: 4001: 3990: 3981: 3977: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3955: 3942: 3938: 3874: 3870: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3716:The Garden Tomb 3690: 3667: 3660: 3653: 3646: 3643: 3624:Patriarch Nikon 3603: 3581: 3521: 3462:east–west roads 3454: 3428: 3375: 3370: 3329: 3321:Nusaybah family 3310:Syriac Orthodox 3302:Coptic Orthodox 3234: 3228: 3226:Ottoman decrees 3223: 3208:(named for the 3194: 3161: 3155: 3130: 3124: 3088: 3055: 3033: 3005: 2990:The Franciscan 2979:The Franciscan 2960: 2946: 2938:Saint Nicodemus 2930:Syriac Orthodox 2923:Syriac Orthodox 2907: 2887: 2882: 2881: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2865: 2858: 2792:In the central 2787:its iconostasis 2775: 2756:Coptic Orthodox 2695: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2678: 2675: 2666: 2663: 2654: 2651: 2642: 2639: 2630: 2627: 2618: 2615: 2606: 2600: 2591: 2584: 2570: 2516:Crusader graves 2505:Burial of Jesus 2450: 2378: 2356:Nuseibeh family 2316: 2296: 2241:Philip Daubeney 2188:or against it: 2144:Suq ed-Dabbagha 2102:Suq ed-Dabbagha 2051: 2040: 2034: 2031: 1988: 1986: 1976: 1964: 1953: 1948: 1924: 1908: 1870: 1857: 1817: 1768: 1737:Ottoman Baroque 1654: 1560:Queen Melisende 1526:William of Tyre 1512: 1450: 1445: 1439: 1433: 1374: 1301:Sassanid Empire 1293: 1283: 1246:, known as the 1233:(also known as 1205: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1173: 1172: 1161: 1123:and signed the 1113: 1073: 1068: 1062: 1021: 932:, where he was 875: 846: 845: 841:Historical maps 796: 795: 786: 785: 729: 728: 717: 716: 689: 688: 678: 665: 664: 655:Tomb of Lazarus 579: 578: 567: 566: 513: 479: 478: 469: 468: 440:British Mandate 353: 352: 342: 256: 207: 173: 166: 159: 107: 105: 101: 98: 93: 90: 88: 86: 85: 76: 44: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11479: 11469: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11411:Round churches 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11376:Crusade places 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11296: 11295: 11293: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11276: 11274: 11270: 11269: 11267: 11266: 11261: 11256: 11254:Macaroni Hamin 11251: 11246: 11241: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11220: 11218: 11211: 11210: 11208: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11161: 11159: 11155: 11154: 11152: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11125: 11123: 11119: 11118: 11116: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11089: 11087: 11083: 11082: 11080: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11058: 11057: 11052: 11042: 11037: 11032: 11030:Har HaMenuchot 11026: 11024: 11020: 11019: 11017: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10965: 10963: 10959: 10958: 10956: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10929: 10927: 10923: 10922: 10920: 10919: 10914: 10912:Wohl Rose Park 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10847:Gazelle Valley 10844: 10839: 10833: 10831: 10827: 10826: 10824: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10806:Nahalat Shiv'a 10803: 10798: 10797: 10796: 10794:Muslim Quarter 10791: 10786: 10781: 10779:Jewish Quarter 10771: 10770: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10752:Davidka Square 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10723: 10721: 10717: 10716: 10714: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10622: 10621: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10590: 10588: 10584: 10583: 10580: 10579: 10577: 10576: 10574:Mosque of Omar 10571: 10569:Marwani Mosque 10566: 10561: 10556: 10554:Al-Aqsa Mosque 10550: 10548: 10544: 10543: 10541: 10540: 10534: 10533: 10528: 10527: 10526: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10495: 10494: 10489: 10487:Deir es-Sultan 10479: 10474: 10469: 10463: 10461: 10457: 10456: 10454: 10453: 10448: 10447: 10446: 10441: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10379:Heichal Shlomo 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10344:Ades Synagogue 10340: 10338: 10331: 10327: 10326: 10324: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10306:Tower of David 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10222: 10221: 10211: 10209:Islamic Museum 10206: 10201: 10196: 10194:Heichal Shlomo 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10165: 10163: 10159: 10158: 10156: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10143:Tower of David 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10104: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10041:Armon HaNatziv 10037: 10035: 10031: 10030: 10025: 10024: 10017: 10010: 10002: 9993: 9992: 9990: 9989: 9977: 9965: 9953: 9941: 9929: 9922: 9919: 9918: 9915: 9914: 9911: 9910: 9908: 9907: 9899: 9897: 9888: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9851: 9849: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9816: 9814: 9807: 9787: 9786: 9783: 9782: 9780: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9767:Mosque of Omar 9764: 9759: 9756: 9750: 9748: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9740: 9738:Marwani Mosque 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9689: 9687: 9672: 9656: 9655: 9652: 9651: 9648: 9645: 9636: 9631: 9625: 9559: 9558: 9550: 9549: 9541: 9540: 9532: 9531: 9525: 9524: 9516: 9515: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9499: 9496: 9495: 9492: 9491: 9489: 9488: 9482: 9480: 9471: 9465: 9464: 9461: 9460: 9458: 9457: 9451: 9449: 9440: 9431: 9425: 9424: 9421: 9420: 9418: 9417: 9415:Deir es-Sultan 9411: 9409: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9393: 9387: 9385: 9379: 9378: 9376: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9359: 9357: 9342: 9334: 9333: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9326: 9320: 9318: 9310:Greek Orthodox 9303: 9295: 9294: 9291: 9290: 9285: 9283: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9273: 9267: 9265: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9255: 9249: 9247: 9235: 9234: 9231: 9230: 9228: 9227: 9224:Templum Domini 9220: 9213: 9206: 9200: 9198: 9189: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9172: 9169: 9168: 9166: 9165: 9160: 9159: 9158: 9153: 9145: 9139: 9137: 9122: 9121: 9115: 9113: 9098: 9092: 9091: 9089: 9088: 9080: 9073: 9072: 9071: 9066: 9064:Deir es-Sultan 9055: 9053: 9042: 9036: 9035: 9033: 9032: 9029: 9018: 9015: 9014: 8999: 8998: 8991: 8984: 8976: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8963: 8951: 8939: 8927: 8915: 8902: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8848:Holy Sepulchre 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8819: 8817: 8813: 8812: 8810: 8809: 8804: 8798: 8796: 8792: 8791: 8789: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8766:Har HaMenuchot 8762: 8760: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8752: 8746: 8744: 8740: 8739: 8737: 8736: 8730: 8728: 8724: 8723: 8716: 8715: 8708: 8701: 8693: 8687: 8686: 8681: 8670: 8669: 8656: 8643: 8637: 8631: 8619: 8618: 8612: 8603: 8597: 8592: 8584: 8583:External links 8581: 8579: 8578: 8555: 8538:978-0870991790 8537: 8521:, ed. (1979). 8515: 8504:Chisholm, Hugh 8490: 8437: 8400: 8379: 8364: 8358: 8345: 8327: 8312: 8306: 8291: 8273: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8251: 8250: 8246:978-0198269281 8245: 8232: 8226: 8208: 8205: 8202: 8201: 8191: 8173: 8143: 8102:10.2307/766940 8096:(2): 311–321. 8076: 8057: 8019: 7983: 7953: 7922: 7889: 7856: 7823: 7787: 7763: 7733: 7702: 7667: 7634: 7601: 7568: 7549: 7529: 7495: 7480: 7458: 7428: 7409: 7390: 7367: 7337: 7308: 7279: 7257: 7228: 7199: 7176: 7159:Madain Project 7146: 7127: 7107: 7072:(4): 482–504. 7052: 7016: 6984: 6958: 6932: 6903: 6888: 6866:Échos d'Orient 6855: 6825: 6795: 6766: 6747: 6727: 6692: 6690:, p. 104. 6680: 6658: 6638: 6605: 6594:on 24 May 2008 6579: 6570: 6548: 6528: 6503: 6488:. Manchester. 6467: 6433: 6422:on 11 May 2019 6402: 6347: 6314: 6284: 6258: 6246: 6235:on 1 July 2012 6220: 6203: 6175: 6152: 6132: 6110: 6087: 6072: 6065:Akhbar al-Youm 6041: 6026:(2): 159–177. 6006: 5973: 5943: 5912: 5881: 5850: 5817: 5780: 5763:Madain Project 5750: 5743: 5725: 5691: 5673: 5639: 5608: 5601: 5575: 5556: 5523: 5511: 5492: 5469: 5451:978-9654067676 5450: 5430: 5408: 5388: 5359: 5342: 5331:on 16 May 2020 5325:Madain Project 5312: 5285: 5273: 5266: 5243: 5223: 5203: 5181: 5156: 5146:978-0141957951 5145: 5125: 5106: 5086: 5067: 5049:978-9042909526 5048: 5023: 4993: 4966: 4931: 4869: 4850: 4824: 4776: 4751: 4730: 4698: 4665: 4633: 4600: 4578: 4540: 4509: 4490: 4467: 4437: 4434:. p. 142. 4415: 4396:(2): 180–203. 4375: 4369:Revue Biblique 4355: 4328:(2): 187–207. 4312: 4298:Cust, L. G. A. 4289: 4257: 4251:978-0191528675 4250: 4222: 4215: 4197: 4162: 4136: 4119:Madain Project 4105: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4077: 4056: 4047: 4038: 4022: 3999: 3975: 3962: 3953: 3945:Joan E. Taylor 3936: 3868: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3741:Monza ampullae 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3685: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3672: 3658: 3642: 3639: 3580: 3577: 3520: 3517: 3453: 3450: 3446:Ateret Cohanim 3427: 3424: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3342:consul general 3328: 3325: 3279:Greek Orthodox 3275:Roman Catholic 3230:Main article: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3126:Main article: 3123: 3120: 3087: 3084: 3049:Greek Orthodox 3032: 3029: 3004: 3001: 3000: 2999: 2988: 2985:Mary Magdalene 2959: 2956: 2945: 2942: 2906: 2903: 2886: 2883: 2879: 2878: 2875: 2868: 2866: 2859: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2847: 2774: 2771: 2732:Divine Liturgy 2724:Roman Catholic 2692: 2691: 2688: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2609: 2607: 2601: 2594: 2592: 2585: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2566: 2562:Chapel of Adam 2449: 2446: 2434:Greek Treasury 2423:Chapel of Adam 2418:of the Cross. 2377: 2374: 2315: 2312: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2283: 2278:The Chapel of 2276: 2271:The Chapel of 2253: 2252: 2247:and signer of 2229: 2215:Greek Orthodox 2208: 2197:Roman Catholic 2182: 2181: 2174:Deir es-Sultan 2154: 2147: 2132: 2131: 2120: 2098:St Helena Road 2053: 2052: 1967: 1965: 1958: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1940:Greek Orthodox 1923: 1920: 1907: 1904: 1869: 1866: 1856: 1853: 1816: 1813: 1796:British Empire 1767: 1764: 1653: 1652:Ottoman period 1650: 1614:Chapel of Adam 1511: 1508: 1449: 1446: 1432: 1429: 1421:Abbasid caliph 1419:(loyal to the 1394:Constantinople 1373: 1370: 1350:Fatimid caliph 1345:was murdered. 1282: 1279: 1252: 1251: 1227: 1185: 1184: 1175: 1174: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1125:Edict of Milan 1112: 1109: 1072: 1069: 1061: 1058: 1040:Holy Sepulchre 1020: 1017: 997:Greek Orthodox 993:Roman Catholic 911:fourth century 877: 876: 874: 873: 866: 859: 851: 848: 847: 844: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 797: 793: 792: 791: 788: 787: 784: 783: 781:US recognition 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 752: 751: 746: 741: 730: 724: 723: 722: 719: 718: 715: 713:Crusader kings 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 687: 686: 685: 684: 672: 671: 670: 667: 666: 663: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 616: 615: 613:Al-Aqsa Mosque 610: 596: 591: 586: 580: 574: 573: 572: 569: 568: 565: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 518: 517: 512: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 485: 484: 480: 476: 475: 474: 471: 470: 465: 464: 461: 460: 449:Modern period 446: 445: 442: 436: 435: 432: 426: 425: 422: 416: 415: 412: 406: 405: 402: 396: 395: 392: 386: 385: 382: 376: 375: 372: 366: 365: 362: 354: 351: 350: 349: 348: 336: 335: 334: 331: 330: 322: 321: 315: 314: 302: 301: 298: 292: 291: 288: 281: 280: 277: 273: 272: 271:Specifications 268: 267: 264: 260: 259: 251: 249:Groundbreaking 245: 244: 234:Paleochristian 231: 225: 224: 221: 215: 214: 210: 209: 204: 198: 197: 192: 188: 187: 184: 180: 179: 175: 174: 172: 171: 164: 161:Roman Catholic 156: 154: 150: 149: 136: 130: 129: 120: 116: 115: 82: 81: 78: 77: 59: 51: 50: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11478: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11308: 11306: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11277: 11275: 11271: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11221: 11219: 11217: 11212: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11185:Jerusalem Day 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11162: 11160: 11156: 11150: 11149:Suq el-Bazaar 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11126: 11124: 11120: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11090: 11088: 11084: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11047: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11027: 11025: 11021: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10966: 10964: 10960: 10954: 10953:Teddy Stadium 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10930: 10928: 10924: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10834: 10832: 10828: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10776: 10775: 10772: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10762:Tzahal Square 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10749: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10718: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10620: 10619:Siloam tunnel 10617: 10616: 10615: 10614:City of David 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10585: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10551: 10549: 10545: 10539: 10536: 10535: 10532: 10529: 10525: 10522: 10521: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10484: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10464: 10462: 10458: 10452: 10449: 10445: 10444:Wilson's Arch 10442: 10440: 10437: 10436: 10435: 10434:Western Wall‎ 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10349:Ari Synagogue 10347: 10345: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10335: 10332: 10328: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10220: 10217: 10216: 10215: 10214:Israel Museum 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10160: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10086: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10061:Damascus Gate 10059: 10058: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10046:Chords Bridge 10044: 10042: 10039: 10038: 10036: 10032: 10023: 10018: 10016: 10011: 10009: 10004: 10003: 10000: 9988: 9978: 9976: 9966: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9952: 9942: 9940: 9930: 9928: 9924: 9923: 9920: 9906: 9905: 9901: 9900: 9898: 9896: 9892: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9860:Ari Synagogue 9858: 9856: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9848: 9842: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9820:Southern Wall 9818: 9817: 9815: 9811: 9808: 9805: 9801: 9797: 9792: 9788: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9751: 9749: 9747:Other mosques 9745: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9728:Dome of Yusuf 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9680: 9676: 9673: 9670: 9666: 9665:Sunni Islamic 9661: 9657: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9626: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9614: 9607: 9603: 9598: 9594: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9578: 9573: 9572: 9564: 9555: 9546: 9537: 9528: 9521: 9513: 9508: 9487: 9484: 9483: 9481: 9479: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9466: 9456: 9455:Christ Church 9453: 9452: 9450: 9448: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9426: 9416: 9413: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9402: 9398: 9392: 9389: 9388: 9386: 9384: 9380: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9350: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9335: 9325: 9322: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9311: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9296: 9288: 9284: 9282: 9278: 9272: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9264: 9260: 9254: 9251: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9240: 9236: 9226: 9225: 9221: 9219: 9218: 9214: 9212: 9211: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9201: 9199: 9197: 9193: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9173: 9164: 9161: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9130: 9126: 9120: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9106: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9093: 9087: 9086: 9081: 9079: 9078: 9074: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9061: 9060: 9057: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9037: 9030: 9027: 9023: 9020: 9019: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9004: 8997: 8992: 8990: 8985: 8983: 8978: 8977: 8974: 8962: 8952: 8950: 8940: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8926: 8916: 8914: 8904: 8903: 8900: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8814: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8799: 8797: 8793: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8763: 8761: 8757: 8751: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8741: 8735: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8725: 8721: 8714: 8709: 8707: 8702: 8700: 8695: 8694: 8691: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8676: 8675: 8674: 8673:Virtual tours 8667: 8663: 8660: 8657: 8654: 8650: 8647: 8644: 8641: 8638: 8635: 8632: 8629: 8626: 8625: 8624: 8623: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8607: 8604: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8572: 8568: 8561: 8556: 8544: 8540: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8525: 8520: 8516: 8511: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8491: 8479: 8475: 8471: 8467: 8463: 8459: 8455: 8451: 8447: 8443: 8438: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8422: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8401: 8386: 8382: 8376: 8372: 8371: 8365: 8361: 8359:0-903526-53-0 8355: 8351: 8346: 8334: 8330: 8328:0-19-725938-3 8324: 8320: 8319: 8313: 8309: 8307:0-8478-2282-6 8303: 8299: 8298: 8292: 8280: 8276: 8274:0-7509-1926-4 8270: 8266: 8265: 8259: 8258: 8248: 8242: 8238: 8233: 8229: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8210: 8198: 8194: 8192:9781440854620 8188: 8184: 8177: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8147: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8111: 8107: 8103: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8087: 8080: 8073: 8069: 8066: 8061: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8045:0-8018-5507-1 8042: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8030: 8023: 8004: 8000: 7999: 7994: 7987: 7971: 7967: 7966:Jerusalem 101 7963: 7957: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7926: 7910: 7906: 7901: 7893: 7877: 7873: 7872: 7867: 7860: 7844: 7840: 7836: 7830: 7828: 7811: 7808:(in Hebrew). 7807: 7803: 7794: 7792: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7773: 7767: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7737: 7721: 7717: 7713: 7706: 7687: 7683: 7682: 7677: 7671: 7655: 7651: 7650: 7645: 7638: 7622: 7618: 7617: 7612: 7605: 7589: 7585: 7584: 7579: 7572: 7556: 7552: 7546: 7542: 7541: 7533: 7526: 7514: 7510: 7509:Arabic Weekly 7506: 7499: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7481:9781576079195 7477: 7472: 7471: 7462: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7432: 7425: 7421: 7418: 7413: 7397: 7393: 7391:9780674034686 7387: 7383: 7382: 7377: 7371: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7341: 7325: 7321: 7320: 7312: 7296: 7292: 7291: 7283: 7276: 7272: 7269: 7264: 7262: 7245: 7241: 7235: 7233: 7216: 7212: 7211: 7203: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7180: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7150: 7134: 7130: 7128:9781471714283 7124: 7120: 7119: 7111: 7104: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7056: 7049: 7036: 7032: 7031: 7023: 7021: 7013: 7001: 6997: 6996: 6988: 6972: 6968: 6962: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6920: 6916: 6915: 6907: 6899: 6892: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6867: 6859: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6829: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6799: 6783: 6779: 6778: 6770: 6754: 6750: 6744: 6740: 6739: 6731: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6689: 6684: 6677: 6665: 6661: 6655: 6651: 6650: 6642: 6635: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6609: 6593: 6589: 6583: 6574: 6567: 6555: 6551: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6532: 6526:, p. 98. 6525: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6440: 6438: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6406: 6399: 6397: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6335: 6331: 6330: 6325: 6318: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6288: 6272: 6268: 6262: 6253: 6251: 6234: 6230: 6224: 6217: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6191: 6187: 6186: 6179: 6172: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6145: 6144: 6136: 6129: 6117: 6113: 6111:9780879072841 6107: 6103: 6102: 6097: 6091: 6085:, p. 97. 6084: 6079: 6077: 6069: 6067: 6066: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6045: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6010: 5994: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5977: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5947: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5916: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5885: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5854: 5837: 5832: 5828: 5821: 5814: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5787: 5785: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5746: 5744:3-451-27092-7 5740: 5736: 5729: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5698: 5696: 5687: 5680: 5678: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5646: 5644: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5612: 5604: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5579: 5573:(in Spanish). 5572: 5568: 5565: 5560: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5535: 5527: 5520: 5515: 5499: 5495: 5489: 5485: 5484: 5479: 5473: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5434: 5427: 5415: 5411: 5405: 5401: 5400: 5392: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5363: 5355: 5354: 5346: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5316: 5309: 5305: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5282: 5277: 5269: 5263: 5259: 5258: 5253: 5247: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5227: 5219: 5218: 5213: 5207: 5188: 5184: 5178: 5174: 5173: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5152: 5148: 5142: 5138: 5137: 5129: 5113: 5109: 5107:0-385-50584-1 5103: 5099: 5098: 5090: 5083: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5055: 5051: 5045: 5040: 5039: 5030: 5028: 5020: 5018: 5015:Arabic title 5000: 4996: 4990: 4986: 4979: 4978: 4970: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4873: 4867:, p. 594 4866: 4865: 4860: 4854: 4846: 4841: 4840: 4834: 4828: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4774:, p. 99. 4773: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4747: 4743: 4740: 4734: 4718: 4714: 4713: 4708: 4702: 4686: 4682: 4681: 4676: 4669: 4662: 4649: 4645: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4604: 4596: 4595: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4557: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4517:Rudd, Steve. 4513: 4497: 4493: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4474: 4472: 4463: 4459: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4424:Allison, Dale 4419: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4385: 4379: 4371: 4370: 4365: 4359: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4316: 4307: 4305: 4299: 4293: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4261: 4253: 4247: 4243: 4242:The Holy Land 4239: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4218: 4212: 4208: 4201: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4158: 4157: 4152: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4110: 4106: 4087: 4086:Hebrews 13:12 4084:For example, 4081: 4067: 4060: 4051: 4042: 4035: 4029: 4027: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4003: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3972: 3966: 3957: 3950: 3946: 3940: 3932: 3926: 3917: 3912: 3906: 3897: 3892: 3886: 3877: 3872: 3865: 3859: 3850: 3845: 3839: 3830: 3825: 3819: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3791: 3782: 3777: 3773: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3664: 3659: 3656: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3636: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3620:Moscow Oblast 3617: 3613: 3607: 3602: 3601:Heiliges Grab 3598: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3585:Santo Stefano 3576: 3574: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3544: 3543:Herod Agrippa 3536: 3535: 3530: 3529:David Roberts 3525: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3503: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3458: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3422: 3418: 3416: 3415: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3390: 3388: 3383: 3380: 3365: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3256: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3198: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3147: 3142: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3106:(named after 3105: 3101: 3092: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3037: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3009: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2977: 2972: 2964: 2955: 2953: 2952: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2919:Syriac Chapel 2911: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2889:South of the 2872: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2827: 2824: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2788: 2784: 2779: 2770: 2768: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2748:Coptic Chapel 2745: 2741: 2740:Holy Saturday 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2685: 2680: 2673: 2668: 2661: 2656: 2649: 2644: 2637: 2632: 2625: 2620: 2613: 2608: 2605: 2604:David Roberts 2598: 2593: 2590:, before 1804 2589: 2582: 2577: 2576: 2572: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2540: 2537:, Greeks and 2536: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2489:taphos symbol 2485: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2462: 2454: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2382: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2364: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2322:Entrance door 2320: 2311: 2309: 2300: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2227: 2226:Mary of Egypt 2223: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2135: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2090:The courtyard 2084: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2064: 2063:Félix Bonfils 2059: 2049: 2046: 2038: 2035:November 2016 2027: 2024: 2020: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1996: – 1995: 1991: 1990:Find sources: 1984: 1980: 1974: 1973: 1968:This section 1966: 1962: 1957: 1956: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1906:2020 pandemic 1903: 1900: 1895: 1894:escape tunnel 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1865: 1863: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1830: 1829:Tomb of Jesus 1826: 1821: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1763: 1757: 1756:Conrad Schick 1752: 1748: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1729: 1728:the structure 1724: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1703:Sublime Porte 1700: 1699: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1630:Third Crusade 1627: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1458:First Crusade 1455: 1454:Pope Urban 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Retrieved 8527:. New York: 8523: 8507: 8482:. Retrieved 8449: 8446:Liber Annuus 8445: 8412: 8408: 8389:. Retrieved 8369: 8349: 8339:14 September 8337:. Retrieved 8317: 8296: 8285:14 September 8283:. Retrieved 8263: 8236: 8213: 8196: 8182: 8176: 8164:. Retrieved 8155: 8146: 8134:. Retrieved 8093: 8089: 8079: 8060: 8027: 8022: 8009:19 September 8007:. Retrieved 7996: 7986: 7974:. Retrieved 7965: 7956: 7944:. Retrieved 7935: 7925: 7913:. Retrieved 7904: 7892: 7880:. Retrieved 7869: 7859: 7847:. Retrieved 7838: 7814:. Retrieved 7805: 7766: 7754:. Retrieved 7745: 7736: 7726:19 September 7724:. Retrieved 7716:The Guardian 7715: 7705: 7692:19 September 7690:. Retrieved 7679: 7670: 7660:19 September 7658:. Retrieved 7647: 7637: 7627:19 September 7625:. Retrieved 7616:The Guardian 7614: 7604: 7592:. Retrieved 7581: 7571: 7561:19 September 7559:. Retrieved 7539: 7532: 7524: 7519:19 September 7517:. Retrieved 7513:the original 7508: 7498: 7474:. ABC-CLIO. 7469: 7461: 7449:. 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Retrieved 4118: 4109: 4080: 4063:The word is 4059: 4050: 4041: 4002: 3978: 3965: 3956: 3939: 3871: 3776: 3761:Talpiot Tomb 3632: 3593: 3582: 3561: 3551: 3547: 3539: 3532: 3506: 3496: 3492: 3490: 3485: 3467: 3439: 3429: 3420: 3412: 3399: 3397: 3392: 3386: 3384: 3378: 3376: 3355: 3330: 3314: 3272: 3267: 3259: 3253: 3251: 3185:Saint Vartan 3177:wrought iron 3097: 3068:Via Dolorosa 3042: 3014: 2949: 2947: 2927: 2916: 2888: 2828: 2820: 2811: 2797: 2791: 2764: 2713: 2696: 2571: 2548:(formerly a 2543: 2532: 2509: 2486: 2467: 2431: 2420: 2416:13th Station 2412:Stabat Mater 2408:11th Station 2403:12th Station 2399: 2387: 2372: 2365: 2353: 2343:by way of a 2341:Via Dolorosa 2325: 2305: 2254: 2183: 2133: 2106: 2088: 2077:), with the 2041: 2032: 2022: 2015: 2008: 2001: 1989: 1977:Please help 1972:verification 1969: 1936:Crusader era 1925: 1909: 1871: 1862:Saint Vartan 1858: 1851:was struck. 1843: 1833: 1793: 1769: 1761: 1745: 1725: 1714: 1696: 1694: 1655: 1646:Khwarezmians 1623: 1575: 1564: 1549: 1524: 1513: 1497: 1474: 1464:invasion of 1451: 1417:Seljuk Turks 1412:Via Dolorosa 1408: 1382:Ali az-Zahir 1375: 1355:ordered the 1347: 1333: 1313: 1294: 1268: 1264: 1247: 1209: 1206: 1153: 1121:Christianity 1114: 1074: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1029: 1022: 982: 970:Via Dolorosa 963: 915: 907:Christianity 886: 882: 880: 811:Municipality 794:Other topics 776:Islamization 744:Christianity 650:Biblical Zoo 634: 620:Western Wall 599:Temple Mount 400:Early Muslim 219:Architect(s) 213:Architecture 134:Denomination 68:(big dome), 40: 11259:Orez Shu'it 11045:Mount Herzl 10943:Malha Arena 10917:Yad Kennedy 10892:Sacher Park 10821:Zion Square 10816:Yemin Moshe 10757:Zion Square 10514:Garden Tomb 10301:Ticho House 10286:Stern House 10261:Paulus-Haus 10179:Burnt House 10091:Lions' Gate 10071:Golden Gate 9669:Grand Mufti 9129:Franciscans 8807:Mount Herzl 8786:Sheikh Badr 8452:: 449–486. 8419:: 371–399. 7946:27 December 7882:27 February 7806:Arutz Sheva 7756:27 February 6848:24 February 6383:Caliph Omar 6196:21 November 5478:Pringle, D. 5462:17 November 5193:20 February 5118:12 December 5082:Morris 2005 5008:18 December 4892:: 313–325. 4723:29 November 4691:29 November 4623:St. Ambrose 4533:29 November 4502:27 November 4072:Kουβούκλιον 4066:Kouvouklion 4019:Morris 2005 3991: [ 3853:כנסיית הקבר 3691: [ 3635:Christendom 3604: [ 3597:holy places 3573:Charlemagne 3379:tax dispute 3358:Palm Sunday 3346:Coptic monk 3080:high priest 3056: [ 2899:wall mosaic 2831:iconostasis 2752:latticework 2588:Luigi Mayer 2249:Magna Carta 2233:ledgerstone 2117:Khwarezmids 2100:(west) and 1946:Description 1928:Cosmatesque 1916:Black Death 1836:Six Day War 1776:World War I 1594:Baldwin III 1571:scriptorium 1299:, when the 1218:called the 942:Constantine 938:resurrected 771:Judaization 703:Grand Mufti 698:Chief Rabbi 516:Anno Domini 202:Consecrated 106: / 11305:Categories 11139:Malha Mall 11023:Cemeteries 10948:Pais Arena 10902:Teddy Park 10837:Bible Hill 10747:Jaffa Road 10594:Broad Wall 10519:Gethsemane 10321:Yad Vashem 10081:Jaffa Gate 9634:Jaffa Road 9629:Highway 60 9618:Al-Mawazin 9429:Protestant 9406:Archbishop 9082:See also: 9050:Status Quo 9028:since 1981 8622:Custodians 8074:, Bologna. 7619:. London. 7451:3 February 7169:28 October 7139:24 October 6307:5 December 6054:Al-Monitor 5874:1 November 5773:28 October 5718:30 October 5252:Gold, Dore 5084:, p. 5060:9 November 4983:. Oxford: 4924:11 October 4709:(c. 439). 4432:Bloomsbury 4096:References 4069:in Greek ( 3493:Triportico 3295:Franciscan 3260:status quo 3255:status quo 3242:Status Quo 3221:Status Quo 3216:was found. 3214:True Cross 3157:See also: 3100:ambulatory 3086:Ambulatory 3025:catholicon 2932:Chapel of 2823:Diodoros I 2810:where the 2799:catholicon 2783:catholicon 2773:Catholicon 2716:Status Quo 2714:Under the 2554:ambulatory 2512:catholicon 2395:catholicon 2391:ambulatory 2308:bell tower 2294:Bell tower 2265:chrismated 2261:baptistery 2170:Ethiopians 2005:newspapers 1805:Protestant 1721:Status Quo 1701:from the " 1670:Franciscan 1666:Franciscan 1602:Baldwin IV 1586:Baldwin II 1556:bell tower 1552:Romanesque 1477:pilgrimage 1466:Asia Minor 1448:Background 1441:See also: 1305:Khosrau II 1285:See also: 1248:Triportico 1241:colonnaded 1229:the great 1141:True Cross 1075:After the 1064:See also: 1015:churches. 985:Status Quo 625:Synagogues 394:325–638 CE 384:130–325 CE 284:Number of 238:Romanesque 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