726:
741:
781:
766:
371:
88:
51:
2839:
2849:
2859:
1182:
458:-grown in densely packed patches of around 1000 trees per hectare (compared to about two to three per hectare in nature). The trees are harvested after six to ten years of growth in Ecuador. The remaining volume of balsa is harvested from plantations in Papua New Guinea; the climate is different, therefore harvesting occurs at 4-5 years of age.
467:
502:. For commercial production, the wood is kiln-dried for about two weeks, leaving the cells hollow and empty. The large volume-to-surface ratio of the resulting thin-walled, empty cells gives the dried wood a large strength-to-weight ratio because the cells are mostly air. Unlike naturally rotted wood, which soon disintegrates in the
349:
Balsa trees grow extremely fast, often up to 27 metres in 10–15 years, and do not usually live beyond 30 to 40 years. They are often cultivated in dense patches, with
Ecuador supplying 95% or more of the commercial balsa. The wood from these trees is highly valuable due to its high strength-to-weight
397:, which establishes itself in clearings in forests, either man-made or where trees have fallen, or in abandoned agricultural fields. It grows extremely rapidly, up to 27 metres (89 ft) in 10–15 years. The speed of growth accounts for the lightness of the wood, which has a lower density than
404:
Flowers are produced from the third year onwards, typically at the end of the rainy season when few other trees are in flower. The large flowers open in the late afternoon and remain open overnight. Each may contain a pool of nectar up to 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) deep. Daytime pollinators
353:
Balsa wood is popular for light, stiff structures in model bridge tests, model buildings, and construction of model aircraft. It is also used in the manufacturing of wooden crankbaits for fishing, makeshift pens for calligraphy, composites, surfboards, boats, "breakaway" props for theatre and
624:
More than 90% of the world's Balsa wood volume is prepared into end grain panels for the composites industry, mostly used as structural cores in the wind turbine blades. Where strength, rigidity, durable and environmentally sustainable materials are sought after.
498:). The wood of the living tree has large cells that are filled with water. This gives the wood a spongy texture. It also makes the wood of the living tree not much lighter than water and barely able to
628:
Balsa is also used in the manufacture of "breakaway" wooden props such as tables and chairs that are designed to be broken as part of theatre, movie, and television productions.
362:
where it was used to build the raft. Balsa wood is also popular in arts such as whittling, and in the making of baroque-style picture frames due to its ease of shaping.
780:
409:. However, most pollination occurs at night. The main pollinators were once thought to be bats, but recent evidence suggests that two nocturnal arboreal mammals, the
393:
is native from southern Mexico to southern Brazil, but can now be found in many other countries (Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Thailand, Solomon
Islands). It is a
2732:
732:
740:
714:
method of extracting gold from ore. When mixed with water a soapy solution is produced and this helps the lighter, unwanted material to wash away.
725:
3327:
3053:
765:
3366:
3079:
688:
logs were not seasoned and owed much of their (rather slight) buoyancy to the fact that their sap was of lower density than sea water. This
2722:
375:
3418:
3105:
3275:
3001:
577:. Because O. pyramidale grows quickly and tolerates poor soils it is lower in cost per performance compared to polymer foams like
3340:
3288:
3066:
3014:
887:
878:
490:
ranges from 40 to 475 kg/m, with a typical density around 160 kg/m. Balsa is the softest wood ever measured using the
1123:
346:
despite the wood itself being very soft; it is the softest commercial hardwood and is widely used because of its light weight.
1039:
1214:
1107:
521:
Because it is low in density but high in specific strength, balsa is a very popular material for light, stiff structures in
3345:
3071:
585:
are commonly constructed of many balsa plywood cores and internal spars covered with resin infused cloth on both sides. In
2707:
787:
3505:
3495:
707:. In the making of picture frames, balsa was often used in a baroque style because of the ease of shaping the design.
3510:
3500:
2852:
2737:
1080:
2712:
3371:
3084:
3525:
3520:
3314:
3040:
648:
2717:
3436:
3123:
2727:
2437:
1455:
883:
1148:
3267:
3191:
2862:
2064:
538:
3215:
3210:
2941:
2936:
2993:
3431:
3293:
3118:
1914:
940:
Terry Porter: "Wood
Identification and Use", page 160. Guild of Master Craftsman Publications Ltd. 2004
710:
In parts of Africa and south
America the leaves of the balsa tree are used to enhance the traditional
350:
ratio, which is achieved through a kiln-drying process that leaves the wood's cells hollow and empty.
237:
3490:
3019:
2742:
2661:
1880:
1207:
869:
621:
balsa, which is much more resistant to compression than if the soft balsa wood were laid lengthwise.
534:
87:
1186:
750:
598:
62:
3241:
3110:
2094:
1242:
1237:
1133:
636:
632:
537:
varieties of the aeromodeling sports, with the lightest "contest grades" especially valuable for
3423:
3397:
617:, especially pleasure craft less than 30 m in length. On a boat, the balsa core is usually
3515:
3332:
3262:
2988:
2879:
2819:
1900:
1870:
1865:
1571:
950:
379:
31:
3358:
3058:
969:
3485:
1885:
1734:
1596:
1508:
549:
241:
220:
17:
3384:
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1021:(Report). UISDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. pp. 27–28. Report No. 1511.
3249:
2962:
2842:
2747:
2631:
2522:
2016:
1696:
1676:
1616:
1200:
1018:
454:
supplies 70% or more of commercial balsa. In recent years, about 60% of the balsa has been
8:
3392:
2472:
2467:
2001:
1986:
1966:
1961:
1837:
1719:
491:
359:
3410:
3457:
3144:
2530:
2040:
1976:
1601:
1556:
1328:
1288:
1128:
999:
640:
574:
522:
355:
253:
82:
840:
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2681:
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2079:
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1103:
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while having better tensile strength than typical foams. For example, the blades of
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1303:
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327:, due to its softness and its high strength compared to its low density. The name
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1787:
1701:
1403:
1097:
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Borrega, Marc; Ahvenainen, Patrik; Serimaa, Ritva; Gibson, Lorna (1 March 2015).
808:
772:
406:
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125:
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despite the wood itself being very soft; it is the softest commercial hardwood.
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112:
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586:
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245:
181:
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rackets, a balsa layer is typically sandwiched between two pieces of thin
50:
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994:
689:
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324:
198:
908:"balsa, n.". OED Online. March 2013. Oxford University Press. 9 May 2013
3280:
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2052:
1807:
1797:
1792:
1656:
1611:
1460:
1373:
1338:
753:
618:
602:
541:. However, it is also valued as a component of full-sized light wooden
503:
479:
455:
436:
429:
335:
66:
907:
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may have saved the expedition, because it prevented the seawater from
3306:
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2412:
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2240:
2215:
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2006:
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1318:
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when commercial metal nibs of the desired width are not available.
499:
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343:
161:
138:
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2220:
2185:
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2117:
1991:
1895:
1832:
1777:
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1621:
1498:
1488:
1473:
1368:
1348:
590:
483:
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1996:
1946:
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1466:
1333:
1251:
1181:
560:
515:
475:
414:
151:
74:
2967:
1192:
970:"Composition and structure of balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) wood"
967:
2646:
2555:
2550:
2535:
1956:
1747:
1740:
1711:
1691:
1661:
1646:
1606:
1591:
1581:
1566:
1561:
1541:
1518:
1493:
1413:
802:
428:, with large 30 to 40 centimetres (12 to 16 in), weakly
315:
99:
593:
made from other species of wood. Balsa wood is also used in
2545:
2074:
2011:
1936:
1817:
1772:
1767:
1503:
1247:
922:
Angier, N. & Ziegler, C. (2011). "Treetop happy hour".
757:
699:
Balsa wood is also a popular wood type used in the arts of
677:
614:
487:
311:
70:
1069:
358:. Balsa wood played a historical role in Thor Heyerdahl's
2671:
2162:
1931:
1757:
1651:
1483:
1019:
Strength and related properties of Balsa and Quipo woods
806:, another tree producing lightweight lumber (especially
672:
from balsa logs, and upon it his crew and he sailed the
466:
566:
Sticks of dried balsa are useful as makeshift pens for
771:
Two balsa rafts and a kayak at Lagos de
Montebello in
658:, convinced that early contact between the peoples of
342:
can grow up to 30 m tall, and is classified as a
2733:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
401:. Trees generally do not live beyond 30 to 40 years.
314:
native to the
Americas. It is the sole member of the
917:
915:
573:Balsa wood is often selected as a core material in
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
3477:
912:
1017:Wiepking, C. A.; Doyle, D. V. (November 1955).
1010:
647:composed of balsa sandwiched between sheets of
506:where balsa trees grow, the cell walls of kiln-
1095:
1025:
354:television, and even in the floor pans of the
1208:
1149:"Colombia backs eco-friendly gold production"
1124:"Business Innovator: Felipe Arango, Colombia"
1102:. Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated.
1089:
1016:
921:
835:
833:
510:balsa wood retain their strong structure of
478:is very soft and light, with a coarse, open
30:"Balsa" redirects here. For other uses, see
786:Balsa construction in a "stick and tissue"
323:. The tree is famous for its wide usage in
1215:
1201:
830:
49:
993:
470:Three different sizes of balsa wood stock
2723:Building and Wood Workers' International
465:
369:
888:United States Department of Agriculture
879:Germplasm Resources Information Network
525:, model buildings, and construction of
14:
3478:
1063:
961:
731:Painting by Frances W. Horne from the
529:; all grades are usable for airworthy
2878:
2877:
1196:
2858:
1146:
1099:Kon-Tiki: Across the Pacific by Raft
2848:
2708:American Association of Woodturners
1096:Thor Heyerdahl (24 December 2013).
862:
654:Norwegian scientist and adventurer
24:
417:, may be the primary pollinators.
25:
3537:
2738:National Wood Carvers Association
1174:
3437:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:171458-2
2857:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2713:Architectural Woodwork Institute
1180:
779:
764:
739:
724:
605:) for making high-quality balsa
331:is the Spanish word for "raft."
86:
3124:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:26001-1
1222:
1140:
1116:
1057:
696:the wood and sinking the raft.
649:carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic
389:A member of the mallow family,
2718:British Woodworking Federation
943:
934:
901:
613:and topsides of many types of
446:
13:
1:
2728:Caricature Carvers of America
1147:Howe, Marc (1 January 2013).
884:Agricultural Research Service
823:
666:was possible, built the raft
555:Balsa is used to make wooden
61:at the Large Tree Habitat at
7:
974:Wood Science and Technology
795:
439:, balsa is classified as a
310:, is a large, fast-growing
10:
3542:
717:
539:free-flight model aircraft
365:
29:
3506:Trees of Northern America
3496:Monotypic Malvales genera
3160:
2886:
2833:
2807:
2756:
2743:Society of Wood Engravers
2700:
2614:
2564:
2521:
2393:
2386:
2274:
2161:
2103:
1922:
1913:
1856:
1527:
1446:
1437:
1261:
1230:
986:10.1007/s00226-015-0700-5
535:radio-controlled aircraft
259:
252:
226:
219:
83:Scientific classification
81:
57:
48:
41:
3511:Trees of Central America
3501:Plants described in 1920
1040:"Balsa Wood description"
955:www.woodsolutions.com.au
788:free-flight rubber scale
751:Tropical Gardens of Maui
599:glass-reinforced plastic
559:for fishing, especially
360:Kon-Tiki expedition
306:, commonly known as the
63:Tropical Gardens of Maui
1134:Council of the Americas
951:"Balsa | WoodSolutions"
461:
3526:Trees of the Caribbean
3521:Trees of South America
2820:Frameless construction
1901:Wood-plastic composite
684:in 1947. However, the
471:
386:
380:Limbe Botanical Garden
32:Balsa (disambiguation)
550:de Havilland Mosquito
469:
373:
2748:Timber Framers Guild
1602:Australian Blackwood
1189:at Wikimedia Commons
1046:on November 22, 2010
841:"Search results for
2468:Hammer-headed tenon
1987:Janka hardness test
924:National Geographic
682:Tuamotu Archipelago
639:generations of the
545:, most notably the
492:Janka hardness test
3398:Ochroma pyramidale
3192:Ochroma pyramidale
3162:Ochroma pyramidale
1329:Japanese carpentry
1129:Americas Quarterly
747:Ochroma pyramidale
680:to the Polynesian
641:Chevrolet Corvette
523:model bridge tests
472:
435:Being a deciduous
391:Ochroma pyramidale
387:
356:Chevrolet Corvette
340:Ochroma pyramidale
303:Ochroma pyramidale
230:Ochroma pyramidale
212:O. pyramidale
59:Ochroma pyramidale
3473:
3472:
3380:Open Tree of Life
3093:Open Tree of Life
2880:Taxon identifiers
2871:
2870:
2825:Green woodworking
2682:Wood preservation
2610:
2609:
2513:Tongue and groove
2493:Mortise and tenon
2382:
2381:
2080:Warrington hammer
1909:
1908:
1597:African Blackwood
1389:Segmented turning
1185:Media related to
1109:978-1-62914-634-8
299:
298:
294:
287:
280:
273:
266:
262:Bombax pyramidale
201:
16:(Redirected from
3533:
3491:Malvaceae genera
3466:
3465:
3453:
3452:
3440:
3439:
3427:
3426:
3414:
3413:
3401:
3400:
3388:
3387:
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3374:
3362:
3361:
3349:
3348:
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3310:
3309:
3297:
3296:
3284:
3283:
3271:
3270:
3258:
3257:
3245:
3244:
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3231:
3219:
3218:
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3140:
3139:
3127:
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3113:
3101:
3100:
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3075:
3074:
3062:
3061:
3049:
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3036:
3035:
3023:
3022:
3010:
3009:
2997:
2996:
2984:
2983:
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2970:
2958:
2957:
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2931:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2875:
2874:
2861:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2391:
2390:
2060:Thickness planer
1920:
1919:
1714:(lime, basswood)
1444:
1443:
1304:Chainsaw carving
1217:
1210:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1065:Lovett, Patricia
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1042:. Archived from
1036:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1008:
1007:
997:
965:
959:
958:
947:
941:
938:
932:
931:
919:
910:
905:
899:
898:
896:
894:
866:
860:
859:
857:
855:
837:
783:
768:
743:
733:Flora Borinqueña
728:
407:capuchin monkeys
292:
285:
278:
276:Ochroma concolor
271:
264:
232:
197:
91:
90:
77:, United States
53:
39:
38:
21:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3461:
3456:
3448:
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3435:
3430:
3422:
3417:
3409:
3404:
3396:
3391:
3383:
3378:
3370:
3365:
3357:
3352:
3344:
3339:
3331:
3326:
3318:
3313:
3305:
3300:
3292:
3287:
3279:
3274:
3266:
3261:
3253:
3248:
3240:
3235:
3227:
3222:
3214:
3209:
3201:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3156:
3148:
3143:
3135:
3130:
3122:
3117:
3109:
3104:
3096:
3091:
3083:
3078:
3070:
3065:
3057:
3052:
3044:
3039:
3031:
3026:
3018:
3013:
3005:
3000:
2992:
2987:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2953:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2927:
2925:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2882:
2872:
2867:
2829:
2815:Frame and panel
2803:
2752:
2696:
2606:
2565:Surface piecing
2560:
2517:
2438:Crown of thorns
2378:
2364:Smoothing plane
2270:
2157:
2099:
2002:Milling machine
1905:
1866:Cross-laminated
1852:
1523:
1433:
1404:Spindle turning
1394:Shingle weaving
1364:Pallet crafting
1257:
1226:
1221:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1145:
1141:
1136:. 24 July 2013.
1122:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1073:British Library
1062:
1058:
1049:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1026:
1015:
1011:
966:
962:
949:
948:
944:
939:
935:
920:
913:
906:
902:
892:
890:
868:
867:
863:
853:
851:
839:
838:
831:
826:
809:Tilia americana
798:
791:
784:
775:
773:Chiapas, Mexico
769:
760:
744:
735:
729:
720:
690:serendipitously
464:
449:
368:
290:Ochroma obtusum
288:
283:Ochroma lagopus
281:
274:
269:Ochroma bicolor
267:
248:
234:
228:
215:
196:
85:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3539:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:wfo-0000390582
3454:
3441:
3428:
3415:
3402:
3389:
3376:
3363:
3350:
3337:
3324:
3311:
3298:
3285:
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3259:
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3233:
3220:
3207:
3197:
3182:
3166:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3150:wfo-4000026493
3141:
3128:
3115:
3102:
3089:
3076:
3063:
3050:
3037:
3024:
3011:
2998:
2985:
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2933:
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2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2794:Quarter sawing
2791:
2786:
2784:Wood splitting
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
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2698:
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2692:Wood finishing
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2652:Paint stripper
2649:
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2639:
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2397:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2359:Shoulder plane
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2334:Moulding plane
2331:
2326:
2324:Japanese plane
2321:
2316:
2314:Grooving plane
2311:
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2301:
2296:
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2165:
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2128:Flooring clamp
2125:
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2115:
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2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2085:Winding sticks
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2065:Timber-framing
2062:
2057:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
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1911:
1910:
1907:
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1903:
1898:
1893:
1891:Particle board
1888:
1883:
1878:
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1871:Glue laminated
1868:
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1421:
1416:
1411:
1409:Timber framing
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1379:Relief carving
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
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1286:
1281:
1279:Bush carpentry
1276:
1271:
1265:
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1245:
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1234:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1176:
1175:External links
1173:
1170:
1169:
1139:
1115:
1108:
1088:
1081:
1075:. p. 14.
1056:
1024:
1009:
980:(2): 403–420.
960:
942:
933:
911:
900:
861:
849:The Plant List
828:
827:
825:
822:
821:
820:
813:
797:
794:
793:
792:
790:model airplane
785:
778:
776:
770:
763:
761:
745:
738:
736:
730:
723:
719:
716:
656:Thor Heyerdahl
597:together with
527:model aircraft
463:
460:
448:
445:
432:lobed leaves.
424:or dry-season
367:
364:
297:
296:
257:
256:
250:
249:
235:
224:
223:
217:
216:
209:
207:
203:
202:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
142:
141:
136:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
110:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
79:
78:
55:
54:
46:
45:
27:Genus of trees
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3538:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:Trees of Peru
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3251:
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3243:
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3225:
3221:
3217:
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3208:
3204:
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3138:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3090:
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3077:
3073:
3068:
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3016:
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3003:
2999:
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2823:
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2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:Chainsaw mill
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:Organizations
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2657:Steam bending
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2627:French polish
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
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2520:
2514:
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2509:
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2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:Rabbet/Rebate
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2483:Mason's mitre
2481:
2479:
2476:
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2332:
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2329:Jointer plane
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2299:Compass plane
2297:
2295:
2294:Chamfer plane
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:Bedrock plane
2282:
2281:
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2096:
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2071:
2070:Veneer hammer
2068:
2066:
2063:
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2058:
2055:
2054:
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2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
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2003:
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1998:
1995:
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1990:
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1983:
1982:Impact driver
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1968:
1965:
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1948:
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1798:Red Quebracho
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1274:Bow and arrow
1272:
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1269:Boat building
1267:
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1199:
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1183:
1179:
1178:
1158:
1157:Glacier Media
1154:
1150:
1143:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1111:
1105:
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1100:
1092:
1084:
1082:9780810941199
1078:
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1060:
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1041:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1020:
1013:
1005:
1001:
996:
995:1721.1/102327
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
964:
956:
952:
946:
937:
930:(5): 130–143.
929:
925:
918:
916:
909:
904:
889:
885:
881:
880:
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873:
865:
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727:
722:
721:
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713:
708:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:Pacific Ocean
671:
670:
665:
661:
660:South America
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
626:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:wind turbines
580:
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571:
569:
564:
562:
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553:
551:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
486:of dry balsa
485:
481:
477:
468:
459:
457:
453:
444:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
402:
400:
396:
395:pioneer plant
392:
385:
381:
377:
372:
363:
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357:
351:
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341:
337:
332:
330:
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317:
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284:
277:
270:
263:
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255:
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247:
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239:
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231:
225:
222:
221:Binomial name
218:
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208:
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200:
195:
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190:
187:
186:
183:
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177:
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114:
113:Tracheophytes
111:
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98:
95:
94:
89:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3486:Bombacoideae
3161:
2887:
2632:Heat bending
2577:Edge banding
2349:Router plane
2344:Rebate plane
2304:Finger plane
2035:
1739:
1733:
1713:
1707:Lignum vitae
1576:
1465:
1459:
1424:Wood carving
1399:Shipbuilding
1384:Root carving
1344:Log building
1309:Chip carving
1160:. Retrieved
1152:
1142:
1132:. New York:
1127:
1118:
1098:
1091:
1068:
1059:
1048:. Retrieved
1044:the original
1012:
977:
973:
963:
954:
945:
936:
927:
923:
903:
891:. Retrieved
877:
871:
864:
852:. Retrieved
848:
842:
815:
807:
801:
746:
709:
698:
694:waterlogging
685:
667:
653:
630:
627:
623:
609:and for the
587:table tennis
572:
565:
554:
547:World War II
531:control line
520:
473:
450:
434:
419:
403:
390:
388:
352:
348:
339:
334:A deciduous
333:
328:
319:
318:
307:
302:
301:
300:
289:
282:
275:
268:
265:Cav. ex Lam.
261:
260:
229:
227:
211:
210:
192:
191:
182:Bombacoideae
145:
132:
119:
106:
58:
42:
36:
3411:kew-2401123
3302:iNaturalist
3186:Wikispecies
3028:iNaturalist
2912:Wikispecies
2853:WikiProject
2799:Rift sawing
2789:Flat sawing
2677:Wood drying
2354:Scrub plane
2339:Razee plane
2289:Block plane
2143:Mitre clamp
2090:Wood scribe
2041:Combination
1783:Purpleheart
1479:Douglas fir
1429:Woodturning
1262:Occupations
1224:Woodworking
1162:19 November
568:calligraphy
504:rainforests
494:(22 to 167
447:Cultivation
325:woodworking
178:Subfamily:
126:Angiosperms
3480:Categories
3406:Plant List
2808:Techniques
2757:Conversion
2687:Wood stain
2615:Treatments
2403:Birdsmouth
2369:Spokeshave
2319:Jack plane
2309:Fore plane
2148:Pipe clamp
2113:Band clamp
2037:Carpenters
1858:Engineered
1808:Rubberwood
1657:Eucalyptus
1461:Calocedrus
1374:Pyrography
1339:Kohlrosing
1071:. London:
1050:2011-01-02
893:26 October
824:References
754:Iao Valley
645:floor pans
607:surfboards
603:fiberglass
575:composites
557:crankbaits
543:aeroplanes
456:plantation
437:angiosperm
336:angiosperm
308:balsa tree
67:Iao Valley
3268:242427577
2903:Q12302824
2597:Parquetry
2592:Oystering
2587:Marquetry
2428:Butterfly
2095:Workbench
2027:Sandpaper
2007:Mitre box
1952:Drawknife
1942:Burnisher
1927:Abrasives
1876:Hardboard
1537:Afromosia
1419:Whittling
1369:Parquetry
1354:Marquetry
1299:Certosina
1294:Carpentry
1284:Cabinetry
1231:Overviews
817:Paulownia
701:whittling
664:Polynesia
619:end-grain
595:laminates
512:cellulose
430:palmately
426:deciduous
422:evergreen
376:Bota Hill
374:Balsa on
206:Species:
172:Malvaceae
96:Kingdom:
3445:Tropicos
3359:61786528
3333:10199021
3320:171458-2
3171:Wikidata
3137:40029970
3132:Tropicos
2897:Wikidata
2843:Category
2622:Adhesive
2602:Purfling
2582:Intarsia
2523:Profiles
2448:Dovetail
2387:Geometry
2226:Hand saw
2211:Crosscut
2196:Circular
2191:Chainsaw
2138:Holdfast
1803:Rosewood
1735:American
1730:Mahogany
1702:Jelutong
1672:Hornbeam
1637:Cocobolo
1632:Chestnut
1547:Andiroba
1359:Millwork
1324:Intarsia
1319:Fretwork
1314:Ébéniste
1243:Glossary
1067:(2000).
796:See also
686:Kon Tiki
669:Kon Tiki
508:seasoned
441:hardwood
413:and the
411:kinkajou
405:include
384:Cameroon
344:hardwood
254:Synonyms
168:Family:
162:Malvales
139:Eudicots
3450:3900204
3281:3152240
3237:Ecocrop
3177:Q187941
3059:1304437
3046:26001-1
3007:3152238
2918:Ochroma
2888:Ochroma
2863:Commons
2779:Whipsaw
2774:Sawmill
2667:Varnish
2662:Thermal
2637:Lacquer
2572:Binding
2541:Chamfer
2408:Biscuit
2374:Surform
2266:Whipsaw
2236:Keyhole
2221:Fretsaw
2201:Compass
2186:Bucksaw
2176:Bandsaw
2171:Backsaw
2153:Sawbuck
2123:F-clamp
2118:C-clamp
1992:Jointer
1896:Plywood
1848:Zebrano
1788:Ovankol
1753:Meranti
1741:African
1712:Linden
1667:Hickory
1622:Cedrela
1617:Camphor
1612:Bubinga
1607:Boxwood
1587:Bilinga
1572:Avodire
1489:Juniper
1474:Cypress
1349:Luthier
1238:History
1187:Ochroma
1004:6546811
872:Ochroma
854:1 March
843:Ochroma
718:Gallery
712:panning
705:surfing
591:plywood
563:lures.
484:density
452:Ecuador
366:Biology
320:Ochroma
193:Ochroma
188:Genus:
158:Order:
100:Plantae
43:Ochroma
3419:PLANTS
3385:861917
3255:584793
3216:223832
3200:APDB:
3106:PLANTS
3098:861913
2994:122590
2942:223831
2929:193091
2926:APDB:
2769:Hewing
2508:Splice
2463:Halved
2458:Groove
2453:Finger
2433:Coping
2418:Bridle
2395:Joints
2276:Planes
2261:Veneer
2251:Scroll
2246:Ripsaw
2231:Jigsaw
2206:Coping
2105:Clamps
2032:Square
2022:Shaper
2017:Router
1997:Mallet
1972:Gimlet
1947:Chisel
1843:Willow
1833:Walnut
1823:Totara
1813:Sapele
1778:Poplar
1763:Padauk
1725:Merbau
1697:Jarrah
1682:Imbuia
1677:Idigbo
1642:Cumaru
1627:Cherry
1552:Anigre
1514:Spruce
1467:Cedrus
1334:Khatam
1289:Caning
1252:lumber
1153:Mining
1106:
1079:
1002:
703:, and
561:Rapala
516:lignin
482:. The
476:lumber
474:Balsa
420:It is
415:olingo
293:Rowlee
279:Rowlee
272:Rowlee
152:Rosids
75:Hawaii
69:Road,
3372:66662
3346:21602
3328:IRMNG
3307:62810
3294:25473
3229:6SF4P
3203:48466
3111:OCHRO
3085:66661
3072:21599
3054:IRMNG
3033:62820
2981:1OCHG
2968:71378
2647:Paint
2556:Ovolo
2551:Ogive
2536:Bevel
2503:Scarf
2488:Miter
2256:Table
2241:Miter
2216:Frame
2133:Gripe
2049:Speed
2045:Miter
1977:Gauge
1967:Float
1962:Fence
1957:Drill
1915:Tools
1838:Wenge
1828:Utile
1793:Ramin
1748:Maple
1720:Lovoa
1692:Iroko
1662:Hazel
1647:Ebony
1592:Birch
1582:Beech
1577:Balsa
1567:Aspen
1562:Apple
1542:Alder
1499:Kauri
1494:Larch
1456:Cedar
1439:Woods
1414:Treen
1000:S2CID
803:Tilia
676:from
637:sixth
633:fifth
615:boats
611:decks
500:float
480:grain
329:balsa
316:genus
146:Clade
133:Clade
120:Clade
107:Clade
18:Balsa
3432:POWO
3424:OCPY
3393:PfaF
3367:NCBI
3354:IUCN
3341:ITIS
3315:IPNI
3289:GRIN
3276:GBIF
3242:8028
3211:BOLD
3119:POWO
3080:NCBI
3067:ITIS
3041:IPNI
3020:8350
3015:GRIN
3002:GBIF
2976:EPPO
2955:66H5
2937:BOLD
2546:Ogee
2531:Bead
2473:Knee
2443:Dado
2423:Butt
2163:Saws
2075:Vise
2012:Rasp
1937:Adze
1818:Teak
1773:Plum
1768:Pear
1529:Hard
1509:Rimu
1504:Pine
1448:Soft
1248:Wood
1164:2023
1104:ISBN
1077:ISBN
895:2009
856:2016
758:Maui
756:Rd,
678:Peru
662:and
643:had
635:and
631:The
533:and
514:and
488:wood
462:Uses
399:cork
312:tree
246:Urb.
242:Lam.
238:Cav.
71:Maui
3458:WFO
3263:FNA
3250:EoL
3224:CoL
3145:WFO
2989:FNA
2963:EoL
2950:CoL
2672:Wax
2642:Oil
2478:Lap
2413:Box
2181:Bow
2053:Try
1932:Axe
1886:OSB
1881:MDF
1758:Oak
1687:Ipê
1652:Elm
1557:Ash
1519:Yew
1484:Fir
990:hdl
982:doi
928:219
749:at
579:EPS
496:lbf
286:Sw.
240:ex
199:Sw.
3482::
3460::
3447::
3434::
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