70:
20:
131:
162:
in an even-firing inline-four engine is not symmetrical throughout the crankshaft rotation; thus during a given period of crankshaft rotation, the descending and ascending pistons are not always completely opposed in their acceleration, giving rise to a net vertical force twice in each revolution
186:, an inline-four car engine introduced in 1975. This engine was the first to locate one balance shaft higher than the other, to counteract the second order rolling couple (i.e. about the crankshaft axis) due to the torque exerted by the inertia caused by increases and decreases in engine speed.
232:, which causes an end-to-end rocking motion. As each cylinder bank in a V6 has three cylinders, each cylinder bank experiences this motion. Balance shaft(s) are used on various V6 engines to reduce this rocking motion.
170:
The amount of vibration also increases with engine displacement, resulting in balance shafts often being used in inline-four engines with displacements of 2.2 L (134 cu in) or more. Both an increased
77:
The operating principle of a balance shaft system is that two shafts carrying identical eccentric weights rotate in opposite directions at twice the engine speed. The phasing of the shafts is such that the
526:
179:
cause an increased secondary vibration; a larger stroke increases the difference in acceleration and a larger bore increases the mass of the pistons.
404:
193:, the forces are cancelled out by the pistons moving in opposite directions. Therefore balance shafts are not needed in flat-four engines.
458:
519:
86:) produced by the engine. The horizontal forces produced by the balance shafts are equal and opposite, and so cancel each other.
1094:
372:
206:
158:) that is inherent in the design of a typical inline-four engine. This vibration is generated because the movement of the
512:
228:
V6 engines are inherently unbalanced, regardless of the V-angle. Any inline engine with an odd number of cylinders has a
1033:
347:
711:
950:
1008:
69:
592:
401:
183:
1183:
535:
422:
1144:
1058:
1023:
1003:
955:
863:
282:
1139:
980:
689:
151:
914:
50:
736:
229:
155:
46:
weights and rotate in opposite direction to each other, which generates a net vertical force.
853:
694:
135:
118:
engines have a 270° crankshaft with a balance shaft. An alternative approach, as used by the
43:
24:
225:, the rocking forces are naturally balanced out, therefore balance shafts are not required.
848:
620:
484:
202:
119:
107:
8:
998:
896:
626:
245:
241:
218:
919:
716:
147:
79:
721:
661:
612:
304:
257:
82:
produced by the weights cancel the vertical second-order forces (at twice the engine
73:
Lanchester's vertical force balancer. The eccentric masses are labelled "C" and "D".
1013:
970:
929:
878:
843:
764:
751:
294:
190:
164:
138:. The balance shaft runs off the small gear on the left (the large gear is for the
323:
1124:
835:
684:
641:
408:
380:
222:
172:
990:
960:
815:
582:
262:
159:
1177:
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800:
795:
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by cancelling out unbalanced dynamic forces. The counter balance shafts have
35:
779:
774:
741:
646:
636:
572:
556:
299:
1157:
1041:
858:
810:
769:
726:
656:
122:, is to use a 'dummy' connecting rod which moves a hinged counterweight.
54:
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873:
805:
731:
671:
602:
90:
58:
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39:
182:
The
Lanchester design of balance shaft systems was refined with the
130:
1107:
1103:
975:
706:
631:
597:
139:
89:
The balance shafts do not reduce the vibrations experienced by the
1134:
1018:
49:
The balance shaft was invented and patented by
British engineer
945:
924:
701:
651:
19:
321:
275:
142:, causing it to rotate at half the speed of the crankshaft).
16:
Weights used to balance otherwise unbalanced engine movement
1099:
546:
83:
324:"US1163832A - Balancing means for reciprocating engines"
110:— have employed balance shaft systems, for example the
315:
154:(a vertical force oscillating at twice the engine
1175:
287:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
534:
520:
459:"The Physics of: Engine Cylinder-Bank Angles"
443:Nadel, Brian (June 1989). "Balancing Act".
373:"Weighing the Benefits of Engine Balancing"
322:Frederick William Lanchester (1912-10-31).
527:
513:
106:Numerous motorcycle engines— particularly
298:
283:"Frederick William Lanchester, 1868-1946"
235:
593:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
196:
129:
125:
68:
18:
436:
348:"Engine Balance and the Balance Shafts"
212:
101:
1176:
420:
508:
442:
61:used in automobiles and motorcycles.
53:in 1907. It is most commonly used in
293:(16). The Royal Society: 761. 1948.
485:"Volvo B8444S/Yamaha 4.4 V8 Engine"
414:
13:
14:
1195:
146:Balance shafts are often used in
411:, Vittore Cossalter, Dinamoto.it
402:"Shaking forces of twin engines"
201:Balance shafts are also used in
695:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
96:
477:
451:
395:
365:
340:
1:
268:
423:"Before they were carmakers"
7:
251:
64:
10:
1200:
536:Internal combustion engine
421:Carney, Dan (2014-06-10).
1153:
1117:
1077:
1032:
1004:Diesel particulate filter
989:
956:Idle air control actuator
938:
905:
897:Engine control unit (ECU)
887:
834:
788:
750:
670:
555:
542:
1069:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
981:Throttle position sensor
690:Overhead camshaft layout
134:Valve timing gears on a
608:Core plug (freeze plug)
51:Frederick W. Lanchester
300:10.1098/rsbm.1948.0010
236:Eight-cylinder engines
152:second-order vibration
143:
74:
28:
489:australiancar.reviews
352:www.zzperformance.com
203:straight-five engines
197:Five-cylinder engines
136:Ford Taunus V4 engine
133:
126:Four-cylinder engines
108:parallel-twin engines
72:
25:Ford Taunus V4 engine
22:
849:Compression ignition
463:www.caranddriver.com
213:Six-cylinder engines
184:Mitsubishi Astron 80
120:BMW GS parallel-twin
102:Two-cylinder engines
999:Catalytic converter
383:on 24 February 2009
242:Mercedes-Benz OM629
219:straight-six engine
148:inline-four engines
1125:Knocking / pinging
717:Combustion chamber
407:2010-07-15 at the
144:
80:centrifugal forces
75:
29:
1184:Engine technology
1171:
1170:
1140:Stratified charge
907:Electrical system
889:Engine management
722:Compression ratio
662:Starter ring gear
561:rotating assembly
465:. 14 January 2011
258:Balancing machine
240:Examples are the
230:primary imbalance
163:(which increases
23:Balance shaft in
1191:
1014:Exhaust manifold
879:Spark plug wires
765:Boost controller
752:Forced induction
529:
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379:. Archived from
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344:
338:
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313:
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191:flat-four engine
150:, to reduce the
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1190:
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1167:
1149:
1145:Top dead centre
1113:
1073:
1028:
985:
934:
908:
901:
890:
883:
830:
784:
746:
702:Tappet / lifter
685:Flathead layout
675:
666:
560:
551:
538:
533:
503:
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493:
491:
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482:
478:
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445:Popular Science
441:
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409:Wayback Machine
400:
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223:flat-six engine
215:
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160:connecting rods
128:
104:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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1038:
1036:
1034:Cooling system
1030:
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1027:
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1021:
1016:
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1006:
1001:
995:
993:
991:Exhaust system
987:
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961:Inlet manifold
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823:
818:
816:Fuel injection
813:
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583:Connecting rod
580:
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570:
564:
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552:
543:
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531:
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413:
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377:www.babcox.com
364:
339:
328:Google Patents
314:
273:
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270:
267:
266:
265:
263:Engine balance
260:
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237:
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214:
211:
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127:
124:
103:
100:
98:
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66:
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36:piston engines
32:Balance shafts
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1051:
1048:
1047:Water cooling
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1024:Oxygen sensor
1022:
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1017:
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1007:
1005:
1002:
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952:
949:
947:
944:
943:
941:
939:Intake system
937:
931:
930:Starter motor
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
910:
904:
898:
895:
894:
892:
886:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
869:Ignition coil
867:
865:
862:
860:
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855:
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850:
847:
845:
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841:
839:
837:
833:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
801:Petrol engine
799:
797:
796:Diesel engine
794:
793:
791:
787:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
760:Blowoff valve
758:
757:
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753:
749:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
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728:
725:
723:
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710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
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688:
686:
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680:
678:
677:Cylinder head
673:
669:
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635:
633:
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628:
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599:
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591:
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584:
581:
579:
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571:
569:
568:Balance shaft
566:
565:
563:
558:
554:
550:
548:
541:
537:
530:
525:
523:
518:
516:
511:
510:
507:
490:
486:
480:
464:
460:
454:
447:. p. 52.
446:
439:
424:
417:
410:
406:
403:
398:
382:
378:
374:
368:
353:
349:
343:
329:
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224:
220:
210:
208:
204:
194:
192:
187:
185:
180:
178:
174:
168:
166:
165:quadratically
161:
157:
153:
149:
141:
137:
132:
123:
121:
117:
116:Yamaha TDM850
113:
112:Yamaha TRX850
109:
94:
92:
87:
85:
81:
71:
62:
60:
56:
52:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
21:
1054:Electric fan
854:Coil-on-plug
780:Turbocharger
775:Supercharger
647:Main bearing
637:Firing order
627:Displacement
573:Block heater
567:
557:Engine block
545:Part of the
544:
492:. Retrieved
488:
479:
467:. Retrieved
462:
453:
444:
438:
427:. Retrieved
416:
397:
385:. Retrieved
381:the original
376:
367:
355:. Retrieved
351:
342:
331:. Retrieved
327:
317:
290:
286:
277:
246:Volvo B8444S
239:
227:
216:
200:
188:
181:
169:
145:
105:
97:Applications
88:
76:
48:
34:are used in
31:
30:
1078:Lubrication
1042:Air cooling
859:Distributor
811:Fuel filter
789:Fuel system
770:Intercooler
737:Timing belt
727:Head gasket
657:Piston ring
387:12 December
207:Vortec 3700
205:such as GM
167:with RPM).
55:inline-four
1130:Power band
1090:Oil filter
1064:Thermostat
1009:EGT sensor
971:MAF sensor
966:MAP sensor
951:Air filter
915:Alternator
874:Spark plug
806:Carburetor
732:Rocker arm
672:Valvetrain
603:Crankshaft
547:Automobile
494:2022-12-29
429:2018-11-01
333:2021-04-03
269:References
91:crankshaft
59:V6 engines
38:to reduce
864:Glow plug
826:Fuel tank
821:Fuel pump
588:Crankcase
469:22 August
425:. UK: BBC
357:20 August
309:1479-571X
44:eccentric
40:vibration
1178:Category
1163:Category
1108:Dry sump
1104:Wet sump
1095:Oil pump
1059:Radiator
976:Throttle
836:Ignition
707:Camshaft
632:Flywheel
613:Cylinder
598:Crankpin
405:Archived
252:See also
248:engine.
140:camshaft
65:Overview
1135:Redline
1019:Muffler
920:Battery
844:Magneto
1158:Portal
946:Airbox
925:Dynamo
652:Piston
642:Stroke
621:layout
549:series
307:
173:stroke
1118:Other
742:Valve
712:Chest
217:In a
189:In a
1100:Sump
617:bank
578:Bore
471:2019
389:2004
359:2019
305:ISSN
244:and
221:and
177:bore
114:and
57:and
1085:Oil
674:and
559:and
295:doi
175:or
156:RPM
84:RPM
1180::
1106:,
619:,
487:.
461:.
375:.
350:.
326:.
303:.
289:.
285:.
209:.
93:.
1110:)
1102:(
623:)
615:(
528:e
521:t
514:v
497:.
473:.
432:.
391:.
361:.
336:.
311:.
297::
291:5
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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