387:
bridge, trail steps, the
Backbone Trail and steps, Watercrest Springs, a sign, a drinking fountain, and paved roads. The CCC began constructing the picnic facilities beginning in December 1933 and continued until at least 1938. Work on the Backbone Trail, which follows the top of Backbone Ridge, began at the end of 1933 and continued until about December 1934. The concession was built between January and May 1937. One of the picnic shelters and the picnic shelter/concession are composed of uncoursed, rough-faced ashlar limestone, and oak timbers. The second picnic shelter is a rectangular roof that is supported by triple and single timber posts and timber framing. The Watercrest Springs is a landscaping device composed of two sections of random rubble, limestone retaining walls that are stepped up a hill creating a shallow pool at the head of the natural spring. The remains of CCC Camp 781 includes the concrete foundations from the frame buildings.
1968:
47:
659:
54:
31:
870:
332:. The contributing resources include: the stone portals at the north entrance, two stone erosion control dams, an auditorium, two stone latrines, two sets of stone trail steps, a stone wall, two trout rearing ponds, the fish hatchery garage, two stone drinking fountains, a stone pumphouse, a stone lodge now used as a museum, a stone barn, and four commemorative markers. One of the markers commemorates the
710:
379:
311:, developed the park between 1933 and 1942. CCC Camp SP2 and Camp SP17 developed the overnight cabin and recreational area on the southern end of the park; a picnic, hiking, and camping area in the center; and Richmond Springs on the north end. Backbone became one of the largest and one of the most extensively developed parks in the state system.
360:
that were constructed from August 1933 to
October 1934. The bathhouse was built between September 1934 and April 1935, while the boathouse was built between January and May 1935. Both of these structures are located on the east side of the lake. They are composed of roughly coursed limestone, and
298:
who visited it to study its ancient geologic formations. Edward M. Carr bought 1,200 acres (490 ha) in the 1890s to protect the
Backbone Ridge from destruction. MacBride and members of the Iowa Park and Forestry Association thought of it as a prime location for a state park. The State Board
431:
Twenty-one miles of multi-use trails support year-round recreational activities, including hiking as well as cross-country skiing and snowmobiling in winter. The lake is noted for its swimming, boating, and fishing. Backbone Creek is known to support both
Rainbow and Brown trout, and is stocked by
369:
patio, in the middle of which is the sundial. They were completed sometime between
November 1935 and March 1936. Eighteen single-family cabins were built north of the bathing area between 1937 and 1941. It is believed they were built from south to north. They are all single-story, rectangular,
395:
Area C is located on the north end of the park. Its historic structures include
Richmond Springs, steps, and a waterway. The springs are a natural feature that were enclosed by the CCC from June 1934 to March 1935. The waterway was built from October 1935 to March 1936. It created a new channel
386:
Area B is located near the center of the park. Its historic buildings and structures include a picnic shelter/concession, two more picnic shelters, two pit latrines, the site of CCC Camp 781, the east entrance entryways and gate, four overlooks, two trailside benches, six parking lots, a vehicle
351:
Area A is located at the southern end of the park and around the 125-acre (51 ha) Backbone Lake on the
Makoqueta River. Its historic buildings and structures include 17 cabins, pump house, two sets of trail steps, soil erosion dams, six parking areas, paved road, the site of CCC Camp 1756,
327:
in 1990: Cabin-Bathing Area (Area A), Picnicking, Hiking & Camping Area (Area B), and
Richmond Springs (Area C). They contain 70 contributing resources and are differentiated by function as described below. They were incorporated into a larger district the following year. At that time, an
336:
of Iowa who planted 6,000 trees in the park. The other three mark three roads that were named for three individuals who were instrumental in establishing the park: State
Senator Byron W. Newberry, State Treasurer E.H. Hoyt, and landowner E.M. Carr. Included within the boundaries of the larger
302:
Development of the park was deferred until 1925, although trees were planted and planning for a roadway was begun in prior years. Tensions developed between two groups in the 1920s and the 1930s over development. One group saw the state parks as places that protected the natural areas, and the
460:
provides exhibits about the activities of the
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in Iowa state parks. Backbone State Park was the site of two CCC camps, and many of the buildings and trails in the park were built by the CCC. The museum opened in Spring of 1991.
432:
the Iowa Department of Natural Resources from local brood ponds. Campsites (49 electrical and 49 non-electrical) and cabins are available for rental (reservations recommended). Two shower buildings and a playground are also available.
2195:
299:
of Conservation, organized in December 1918, recommended buying the land at its first meeting. It took a little over a year for the purchase to be finalized. On May 28, 1920, Backbone was dedicated as Iowa's first state park.
1499:
2200:
337:
historic district are 1,415 acres (573 ha), the geographical area of the park in 1942 when the CCC completed its development work. The park was part of a larger study of Iowa's state parks called the
1489:
1659:
1324:
1454:
1384:
1654:
2190:
2127:
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1589:
1579:
1559:
1549:
1544:
1519:
1509:
1469:
1684:
1539:
1439:
1349:
1344:
2210:
1724:
1669:
1639:
1529:
1424:
1314:
1088:
1739:
1409:
1399:
1319:
1068:
441:
is immediately adjacent to the park. It consists of 186 acres (0.75 km) of pine forest. Horsebackriding and hunting are permitted in this reserve, but not in the park proper.
1802:
1749:
1704:
1694:
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1604:
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1709:
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1504:
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1514:
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1256:
404:
Measuring 2,001 acres (8.10 km), the region is heavily forested, mainly in species of oak and maple. The geology of the area is particularly noteworthy. As part of the
420:
period. A large ridge of rock divides the park, resembling a spine, and lends its name to the park and adjacent forest. The area is characterized by active springs, caves,
361:
the boathouse includes a round tower at its south end. The sundial and bench are located south of the bathhouse on the east shore of the lake. The semi-circular, courses
1882:
1644:
1609:
1429:
1329:
1309:
1817:
1759:
1629:
1574:
1867:
1857:
1842:
1827:
1334:
1266:
1797:
852:
1872:
1822:
1812:
1930:
1847:
1807:
721:
131:
1852:
1251:
303:
second group had a multiple-use philosophy of conservation. The multiple-use concept won the debate. Two camps from the Civilian Conservation Corps, a public
1792:
540:
2205:
1261:
1862:
1837:
837:
2185:
748:
2097:
72:
679:
2180:
2155:
2150:
2071:
1524:
2131:
1923:
689:
396:
from the area to prevent overflow into the springs. The work was done, in part, to protect the springs as a source of potable water.
2175:
674:
827:
769:
320:
163:
46:
1916:
796:
1782:
698:
847:
804:
741:
2215:
1939:
1898:
1138:
918:
842:
757:
714:
669:
544:
483:
333:
324:
154:
278:(CCC) in the 1930s, created Backbone Lake. The CCC constructed a majority of trails and buildings which make up the park.
1228:
832:
2056:
1982:
1967:
1729:
1354:
1078:
943:
913:
266:. It is named for a narrow and steep ridge of bedrock carved by a loop of the Maquoketa River originally known as the
2081:
2061:
1203:
1063:
973:
778:
2165:
1404:
734:
328:
additional 31 resources were added when the historic district expanded; out of the grand total, 21 are considered
1599:
1494:
1434:
1414:
993:
822:
786:
1908:
428:. With cliffs measuring over 80 feet in places, climbing and rappelling are popular, but both require a permit.
1734:
1459:
1286:
1048:
1957:
1754:
1744:
1479:
1374:
1193:
1178:
1148:
1008:
694:
2170:
1689:
1634:
1449:
1359:
1301:
1188:
958:
209:
1474:
1183:
1158:
1108:
275:
1619:
1464:
1238:
1128:
1073:
1013:
928:
903:
1291:
1083:
295:
1773:
1569:
1271:
1038:
983:
968:
895:
814:
2160:
1213:
1208:
1143:
1053:
1028:
1018:
998:
409:
1832:
1719:
1223:
1198:
1168:
1118:
1098:
1043:
1033:
978:
649:
616:
586:
525:
291:
259:
1943:
1624:
1281:
1163:
1123:
1113:
1093:
1023:
1003:
948:
938:
923:
664:
636:
632:
603:
599:
573:
569:
512:
508:
488:
338:
329:
263:
214:
1339:
1218:
1133:
933:
8:
1276:
963:
435:
Local wildlife abound in the park and surrounding area, including fox, turkey, and deer.
304:
202:
1153:
886:
227:
2024:
1103:
1058:
953:
1584:
1173:
988:
308:
2196:
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
2066:
1938:
413:
255:
352:
bathhouse, boathouse, a wall, the beach, two drinking fountains, pit latrine, a
405:
370:
frame structures. One of the cabins is considered a noncontributing building.
356:
and bench, dam, and the sand filter bed. The lake was created by the dam and
286:
The area of the Devil's Backbone was a favorite of natural scientists such as
2144:
2040:
87:
74:
2076:
445:
271:
726:
875:
287:
270:. The initial 1,200 acres (490 ha) were donated by E.M. Carr of
254:'s oldest state park, dedicated in 1919. Located in the valley of the
2201:
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
2128:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware County, Iowa
684:
600:"Backbone State Park, Picnicking, Hiking & Camping Area (Area B)"
366:
340:
Civilian Conservation Corps Properties in Iowa State Parks: 1933-1942
2004:
Backbone State Park, Picnicking, Hiking & Camping Area (Area B)
2003:
421:
417:
357:
30:
478:
373:
353:
709:
362:
2191:
National Register of Historic Places in Delaware County, Iowa
425:
378:
761:
251:
451:
2211:
Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
665:
Iowa Department of Natural Resources: Backbone State Park
319:
Three distinct areas of park were individually listed as
274:. Backbone Lake Dam, a relatively low dam built by the
258:, it is approximately three miles (5 km) south of
865:
570:"Backbone State Park, Cabin--Bathing Area (Area A)"
1781:
2142:
1999:Backbone State Park, Cabin-Bathing Area (Area A)
1998:
633:"Backbone State Park, Richmond Springs (Area C)"
2009:Backbone State Park, Richmond Springs (Area C)
2008:
444:The park's administrative headquarters are in
374:Picnicking, Hiking & Camping Area (Area B)
346:
1924:
742:
390:
2206:Historic districts in Delaware County, Iowa
2132:List of National Historic Landmarks in Iowa
756:
53:
1931:
1917:
749:
735:
506:
408:, it was left unglaciated during the last
535:
533:
155:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2186:Protected areas of Delaware County, Iowa
626:
624:
563:
561:
502:
500:
498:
377:
630:
597:
567:
509:"Backbone State Park Historic District"
458:Iowa Civilian Conservation Corps Museum
452:Iowa Civilian Conservation Corps Museum
2143:
530:
479:"National Register Information System"
215:CCC Properties in Iowa State Parks MPS
2114:Backbone State Park Historic District
1912:
730:
621:
591:
558:
495:
147:Backbone State Park Historic District
1940:National Register of Historic Places
1899:Iowa Department of Natural Resources
545:Iowa Department of Natural Resources
484:National Register of Historic Places
334:Daughters of the American Revolution
325:National Register of Historic Places
314:
123:Iowa Department of Natural Resources
2181:Protected areas established in 1919
2156:Civilian Conservation Corps museums
2151:Civilian Conservation Corps in Iowa
471:
13:
1983:Bay Settlement Church and Monument
680:Backbone Lake Friends Organization
14:
2227:
2082:Spring Branch Butter Factory Site
703:
2176:Museums in Delaware County, Iowa
1966:
868:
708:
52:
45:
29:
2057:Coffin's Grove Stagecoach House
1089:Mines of Spain & E.B. Lyons
222:
1:
1958:Robert Kirkpatrick Round Barn
1500:Iowa's State Preserves System
464:
2098:Saints Peter and Paul Church
1490:Indian Bluffs Primitive Area
7:
2216:Rustic architecture in Iowa
1660:Saint James Lutheran Church
838:Northern Tallgrass Prairie
416:formations dating from the
399:
347:Cabin-Bathing Area (Area A)
276:Civilian Conservation Corps
10:
2232:
2062:Delaware County Courthouse
1325:Behrens Pond and Woodlands
281:
107:2,001 acres (8.10 km)
2122:
2106:
2090:
2072:Lincoln Elementary School
2049:
2033:
2017:
1991:
1975:
1964:
1950:
1895:
1772:
1300:
1237:
919:Banner Lakes at Summerset
894:
885:
863:
815:National Wildlife Refuges
813:
795:
777:
768:
675:Geology, from IaGSB/IaDNR
391:Richmond Springs (Area C)
241:
233:
221:NRHP reference
220:
208:
198:
190:
182:
178:1,415 acres (573 ha)
174:
170:
161:
152:
145:
141:
137:
127:
119:
111:
103:
66:
40:
28:
23:
1455:Freda Haffner Kettlehole
1385:Cedar Hills Sand Prairie
199:Architectural style
2166:History museums in Iowa
1745:Wittrock Indian Village
1655:Rolling Thunder Prairie
853:Upper Mississippi River
330:contributing properties
2041:Historic Lenox College
797:National Historic Site
650:one photo from c. 1990
617:15 photos from c. 1990
587:11 photos from c. 1990
383:
164:U.S. Historic district
1944:Delaware County, Iowa
1650:Roggman Boreal Slopes
1590:Nestor Stiles Prairie
1580:Mount Pisgah Cemetery
1560:Merrill A. Stainbrook
1550:Marietta Sand Prairie
717:at Wikimedia Commons
670:Backbone State Forest
637:National Park Service
604:National Park Service
574:National Park Service
541:"Backbone State Park"
513:National Park Service
489:National Park Service
439:Backbone State Forest
381:
88:42.63306°N 91.56167°W
1545:Mann Wilderness Area
1520:Liska-Stanek Prairie
1510:Kish-Ke-Kosh Prairie
1470:Hardin City Woodland
994:George Wyth Memorial
412:, with very ancient
2171:State parks of Iowa
1730:Turkey River Mounds
1685:Silvers-Smith Woods
1049:Lake of Three Fires
722:Backbone State Park
715:Backbone State Park
526:22 photos from 1991
305:work relief program
248:Backbone State Park
194:John R. Fitzsimmons
132:Backbone State Park
120:Governing body
93:42.63306; -91.56167
84: /
24:Backbone State Park
1540:Manikowski Prairie
1440:Five Ridge Prairie
1350:Brush Creek Canyon
1345:Bluffton Fir Stand
1149:Preparation Canyon
384:
365:bench surrounds a
321:historic districts
16:State park in Iowa
2138:
2137:
2025:Ruth Suckow House
1906:
1905:
1891:
1890:
1768:
1767:
1735:White Pine Hollow
1725:Turin Loess Hills
1720:Toolesboro Mounds
1640:Rock Creek Island
1530:Malanaphy Springs
1425:Doolittle Prairie
1405:Cold Water Spring
1315:Ames High Prairie
1287:White Pine Hollow
959:Dolliver Memorial
861:
860:
779:National monument
713:Media related to
315:Historic district
245:
244:
237:December 23, 1991
2223:
2107:Strawberry Point
1970:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1779:
1778:
1740:Williams Prairie
1600:Old State Quarry
1525:Little Maquoketa
1495:Indian Fish Trap
1435:Fish Farm Mounds
1415:Decorah Ice Cave
1410:Crossman Prairie
1400:Claybanks Forest
1320:Anderson Prairie
1109:Palisades-Kepler
892:
891:
878:
873:
872:
871:
775:
774:
751:
744:
737:
728:
727:
712:
652:
647:
645:
643:
628:
619:
614:
612:
610:
595:
589:
584:
582:
580:
565:
556:
555:
553:
551:
537:
528:
523:
521:
519:
507:Rebecca Conard.
504:
493:
492:
475:
309:Great Depression
268:Devil's Backbone
260:Strawberry Point
224:
99:
98:
96:
95:
94:
89:
85:
82:
81:
80:
77:
56:
55:
49:
35:Richmond Springs
33:
21:
20:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2118:
2102:
2086:
2067:J.J. Hoag House
2045:
2029:
2013:
1987:
1971:
1962:
1946:
1937:
1907:
1902:
1887:
1883:Three Mile Lake
1785:
1764:
1750:Woodland Mounds
1705:Stinson Prairie
1680:Silver Lake Fen
1675:Sheeder Prairie
1605:Palisades-Downs
1595:Ocheyedan Mound
1485:Hoffman Prairie
1460:Gitchie Manitou
1420:Dinesen Prairie
1302:State Preserves
1296:
1233:
1129:Pillsbury Point
1074:Maquoketa Caves
1064:Lewis and Clark
1014:Lacey-Keosauqua
904:Ambrose A. Call
881:
874:
869:
867:
857:
809:
791:
764:
758:Protected areas
755:
706:
656:
655:
641:
639:
629:
622:
608:
606:
596:
592:
578:
576:
566:
559:
549:
547:
539:
538:
531:
517:
515:
505:
496:
491:. July 9, 2010.
477:
476:
472:
467:
454:
402:
393:
376:
349:
317:
292:Thomas Macbride
284:
264:Delaware County
256:Maquoketa River
166:
157:
148:
92:
90:
86:
83:
78:
75:
73:
71:
70:
62:
61:
60:
59:
58:
57:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2229:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2161:Driftless Area
2158:
2153:
2136:
2135:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1818:Frank A. Gotch
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1755:Woodman Hollow
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1710:Strasser Woods
1707:
1702:
1700:Steele Prairie
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1670:Searryl's Cave
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1565:Merritt Forest
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1535:Malchow Mounds
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1480:Hayden Prairie
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1375:Cayler Prairie
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
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1289:
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1279:
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1269:
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1254:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1139:Pleasant Creek
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1084:McIntosh Woods
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
900:
898:
889:
883:
882:
880:
879:
864:
862:
859:
858:
856:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
828:Driftless Area
825:
819:
817:
811:
810:
808:
807:
805:Herbert Hoover
801:
799:
793:
792:
790:
789:
783:
781:
772:
766:
765:
754:
753:
746:
739:
731:
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2077:McGee School
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1803:Crystal Lake
1798:Cold Springs
1695:Starr's Cave
1665:Savage Woods
1585:Mount Talbot
1515:Lamson Woods
1475:Hartley Fort
1395:Clay Prairie
1390:Cheever Lake
1380:Cedar Bluffs
1365:Casey's Paha
1355:Brushy Creek
1292:Yellow River
1246:
1214:Wapsipinicon
1209:Walnut Woods
1144:Prairie Rose
1079:Marble Beach
1054:Lake Wapello
1029:Lake Darling
1019:Lake Ahquabi
999:Green Valley
944:Brushy Creek
914:Badger Creek
908:
848:Union Slough
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640:. Retrieved
607:. Retrieved
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548:. Retrieved
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272:Lamont, Iowa
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1873:Spring Lake
1833:Lake Icaria
1823:Heery Woods
1813:Echo Valley
1783:State Parks
1645:Rock Island
1620:Pilot Grove
1610:Pecan Grove
1465:Hanging Bog
1430:Fallen Rock
1330:Berry Woods
1310:A.F. Miller
1272:Pilot Mound
1267:Loess Hills
1224:Wildcat Den
1204:Volga River
1199:Viking Lake
1194:Union Grove
1169:Springbrook
1119:Pikes Point
1104:Okamanpedan
1099:Nine Eagles
1044:Lake Manawa
1034:Lake Keomah
1009:Honey Creek
974:Emerson Bay
896:State Parks
876:Iowa portal
843:Port Louisa
690:Iowa Trails
307:during the
112:Established
91: /
67:Coordinates
2145:Categories
2091:Petersburg
2050:Manchester
1848:Mill Creek
1808:Eagle Lake
1760:Woodthrush
1630:Retz Woods
1625:Pilot Knob
1575:Mossy Glen
1189:Twin Lakes
1164:Rock Creek
1124:Pilot Knob
1114:Pikes Peak
1094:Mini-Wakan
1024:Lake Anita
1004:Gull Point
954:Clear Lake
949:Cedar Rock
939:Black Hawk
924:Beeds Lake
833:Neal Smith
465:References
288:W.J. McGee
79:91°33′42″W
76:42°37′59″N
2125:See also:
2034:Hopkinton
2018:Earlville
1878:Swan Lake
1853:Oak Grove
1335:Bird Hill
1219:Waubonsie
1159:Rice Lake
1134:Pine Lake
1069:Lower Gar
934:Big Creek
685:Dundeeweb
422:sinkholes
367:flagstone
358:spillways
191:Architect
186:1933-1942
1793:Bobwhite
1786:(Leased)
1282:Stephens
1247:Backbone
979:Fairport
964:Elk Rock
929:Bellevue
909:Backbone
418:Silurian
414:dolomite
400:Land use
228:91001842
1570:Montauk
1257:Gifford
1252:Barkley
1179:Templar
1154:Red Haw
770:Federal
660:EPA map
642:May 30,
609:May 30,
579:May 30,
550:May 30,
518:May 30,
410:Ice Age
354:sundial
323:on the
282:History
128:Website
1992:Dundee
1951:Coggon
1863:Pammel
1838:Kearny
1774:County
1505:Kalsow
1277:Shimek
1059:Ledges
823:DeSoto
446:Dundee
426:karsts
363:ashlar
294:, and
203:Rustic
1976:Delhi
1340:Bixby
1262:Holst
1174:Stone
989:Geode
887:State
648:with
615:with
585:with
524:with
183:Built
2130:and
762:Iowa
644:2016
611:2016
581:2016
552:2016
520:2016
456:The
424:and
252:Iowa
175:Area
115:1919
104:Area
1942:in
760:of
262:in
250:is
223:No.
210:MPS
2147::
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290:,
1932:e
1925:t
1918:v
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554:.
522:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
