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Alfonso’s vassal, Yahya Al-Qadir. Alfonso's anger over El Cid's unsanctioned incursion into his vassal's territory would lead him to exile the knight. This is the generally accepted reason for the exile of El Cid, although several others are plausible and indeed may have been contributing factors to the exile: jealous nobles turning
Alfonso against El Cid through court intrigue, and Alfonso's own personal animosity towards El Cid. The song of El Cid and subsequent tales state that Alfonso’s and his court’s animosity toward Rodrigo was the primary reason the expulsion of the knights from León, as well as a possible misappropriation of some of the tribute from Seville by El Cid.
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1380:. In October 1092 an uprising occurred in Valencia, inspired by the city's chief judge Ibn Jahhaf and the Almoravids. El Cid began a siege of Valencia. A December 1093 attempt to break the siege failed. By the time the siege ended in May 1094, El Cid had carved out his own principality on the coast of the Mediterranean. Officially, El Cid ruled in the name of Alfonso; in practice, El Cid was fully independent. The city was both Christian and Muslim, and both Moors and Christians served in the army and as administrators.
1556:" (stupid!). Hence, it became the name of El Cid's horse. Another legend states that in a competition of battle to become King Sancho's "Campeador", or champion, a knight on horseback wished to challenge El Cid. The King wished a fair fight and gave El Cid his finest horse, Babieca, or Bavieca. This version says Babieca was raised in the royal stables of Seville and was a highly trained and loyal war horse, not a foolish stallion. The name in this instance could suggest that the horse came from the Babia region in
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467:), and was a title given to other Christian leaders. It has been conjectured that Rodrigo Díaz received the honorific title and respectful treatment of contemporaries in Zaragoza because of his victories in the service of the King of the Taifa of Zaragoza between 1081 and 1086; however, he more likely received the epithet after his conquest of Valencia in 1094. This title appears for the first time, as
2170:
604:. He inflicted upon them their first major defeat in 1094, on the plains of Caurte, outside Valencia, and continued opposing them until his death. Although El Cid remained undefeated in Valencia, Diego Rodríguez, his only son and heir, died fighting against the Almoravids in the service of Alfonso in 1097. After El Cid's death in 1099, his wife,
860:. Al-Muqtadir, accompanied by Castilian troops including El Cid, fought against the Aragonese. The party slew Ramiro I, setting the Aragonese army on the run, and emerged victorious. One legend has said that during the conflict, El Cid killed an Aragonese knight in single combat, thereby receiving the honorific title "
979:, in the (probably mistaken) belief that he was defending the king's tributary. During the aftermath of this battle the Muslim troops under El Cid's command would hail him as Sayyidi. Count García Ordóñez and the other Castilian leaders were taken captive and held for three days before being released.
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inflicted a severe defeat to
Castile, compelling Alfonso to overcome the resentment he harboured against El Cid. The terms for El Cid's return to Christian service must have been attractive enough since El Cid soon found himself fighting for his former lord. Over the next several years, however, El
1313:
El Cid returned to
Alfonso, but now he had his own plans. He only stayed a short while and then returned to Zaragoza. El Cid was content to let the Almoravid armies and the armies of Alfonso fight without his help, even when there was a chance that the Almoravids might defeat Alfonso and take over
820:
who had fought in several battles. Despite the fact that El Cid's mother's family was aristocratic, in later years, the peasants would consider him one of their own. However, his relatives were not major court officials; documents show that El Cid's paternal grandfather, Laín, confirmed only five
593:, became his tributary in 1092. When the Almoravids instigated an uprising that resulted in the death of al-Qadir, El Cid responded by laying siege to the city. Valencia finally fell in 1094, and El Cid established an independent principality on the Mediterranean coast of Iberia. He ruled over a
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After his demise, but still during the siege of
Valencia, legend holds that Jimena ordered that the corpse of El Cid be fitted with his armor and set on his horse, Babieca, to bolster the morale of his troops. In several variations of the story, the dead Rodrigo and his knights win a thundering
549:
When conspirators murdered Sancho in 1072, El Cid found himself in a difficult situation. Since Sancho was childless, the throne passed to his brother
Alfonso, whom El Cid had helped remove from power. Although El Cid continued to serve the sovereign, he lost his ranking in the new court, which
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and his ally García Ordóñez. This unauthorized expedition into
Granada, however, greatly angered Alfonso and May 8, 1080 was the last time El Cid confirmed a document in King Alfonso's court. The most likely reason was El Cid's incursion into Toledo, which happened to be under the control of
2542:, t. 5 (1918), Madrid, Sucesores de Hernando, 1918. Digital copy Valladolid, Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo. Dirección General de Promociones e Instituciones Culturales, 2009–2010. Original in Archivo de la Catedral de Salamanca, caja 43, legajo 2, n.º 72.
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for generations of
Christian Spaniards to follow. It is believed that the legend originated shortly after Jimena entered Burgos, and that it is derived from the manner in which Jimena's procession rode into the city, i.e. alongside her deceased husband.
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Díaz de Vivar became well known for his service in the armies of both
Christian and Muslim rulers. After his death, El Cid became Spain's most celebrated national hero and the protagonist of the most significant medieval Spanish epic poem,
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1309:
Terrified after his crushing defeat, Alfonso recalled El Cid, rewarding him lavishly with lands and lordships, such as the fortress of Gormaz. In the year 1087 Alfonso sent him to negotiate with the emboldened Taifa kingdoms.
1469:—waiting for the enemy to be paralyzed with terror and then attacking them suddenly; distracting the enemy with a small group of soldiers, etc. (El Cid used this distraction in capturing the town of Castejón as depicted in
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Sancho was assassinated in 1072, during a siege of his sister's town of Zamora. Since Sancho died unmarried and childless, all of his power passed to his brother
Alfonso who, almost immediately, returned from exile in
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or the Arabs that served in his ranks may have addressed him in this way, which the
Christians may have transliterated and adopted. Historians, however, have not yet found contemporary records referring to Rodrigo as
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authors on military themes be read aloud to him and his troops, for both entertainment and inspiration before battle. El Cid's army had a novel approach to planning strategy as well, holding what might be called
2094:
1829:
This work, together with other novels (and plays) he published between 1929 and 1939, defied the traditional realistic style of the early 20th century Chilean novel. The English version was published in 1931.
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1747:, contributed to portray El Cid as a chivalric hero of the Reconquista, making him a legendary figure in Spain. El Cid is one of the few examples of knight errantry formally recognized by the priest in
1569:
Regardless, Babieca became a great warhorse, famous to the Christians, feared by El Cid's enemies, and loved by El Cid, who allegedly requested that Babieca be buried with him in the monastery of
1593:, used to be displayed in the Army Museum (Museo del Ejército) in Toledo. In 1999, a small sample of the blade underwent metallurgical analysis which confirmed that the blade was made in Moorish
2114:
2022:
546:. He became renowned for his military prowess in these campaigns, which helped expand the territory of the Crown of Castile at the expense of the Muslims and Sancho's brothers' kingdoms.
393:
Rodrigo Díaz was recognized with the honorary title of "Campeador" during his lifetime, as is evidenced by a document that he signed in 1098, which he signed in the Latinized expression,
975:
to León–Castile. While he was there Granada, assisted by other Castilian knights, attacked Seville, and El Cid and his forces repulsed the Christian and Grenadine attackers at the
1649:. Tradition states that when El Cid first laid eyes on her, he was enamoured of her great beauty. El Cid and Jimena had two daughters, Cristina and María, and a son. The latter,
2007:
879:. When Sancho learned that Alfonso was planning on overthrowing him in order to gain his territory, Sancho sent Cid to bring Alfonso back so that Sancho could speak to him.
1417:
on May 5, 1102. Jimena fled to Burgos, Castile, in 1101. She rode into the town with her retinue and the body of El Cid. Originally buried in Castile in the monastery of
2605:, n.º 10 (diciembre de 2010). Online since 22 January 2011. Last time visited November 28th 2011. Complete text (Edition of the Latin text) in José Luis Martín Martín
405:, literally meaning "Teacher of the Field", but translatable as "Master of the Battlefield". Arabic sources from the late 11th century and early 12th century call him
730:
916:
and took his seat as king of Castile and León. He was, however, deeply suspected of having been involved in Sancho's murder. According to the 11th century epic poem
2787:
Historia Crítica de la Literatura Española, Tomo III, (II Parte, Subciclo I) (The History and Criticism of Spanish Literature, Volume III (Second Part, subpart I))
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1709:
565:. While in exile, he regained his reputation as a strategist and formidable military leader. He was repeatedly victorious in battle against the Muslim rulers of
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de los Rios, José Amador (1863). "Capitulo 3: Primeros Monumentos Escritos de la Poesía Castellana (Chapter 3: First-Written Monuments of Castilian Poetry)".
2078:
1981:
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J. I. Garcia Alonso, J. A. Martinez, A. J. Criado, "Origin of El Cid's sword revealed by ICP-MS metal analysis", Spectroscopy Europe, 11/4 (1999).
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1354:). Berenguer was later released and his nephew Ramon Berenguer III married El Cid's youngest daughter Maria to ward against future conflicts.
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The terrain known as the "Solar del Cid", where his house was located. The monument was erected in 1784. Photo taken in Burgos, c. 1865–1892.
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1566:, Babieca appears as a gift from "a barbarian" to El Cid, so its name could also be derived from "Barbieca", or "horse of the barbarian".
1465:" sessions before each battle to discuss tactics. They frequently used unexpected strategies, engaging in what modern generals would call
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The Cross and the Sword: Political Myth-Making, Hegemony, and Intericonicity in the Christianization of the Iberian Peninsula and Britain
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Around this time, El Cid, with a combined Christian and Moorish army, began maneuvering in order to create his own fief in the Moorish
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lived peacefully in Valencia until the Almoravids besieged the city. But he defeated them and died 5 years later, on July 10, 1099.
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364:. To this day, El Cid remains a popular Spanish folk hero and national icon, with his life and deeds remembered in popular culture.
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that he did not participate in the plot to kill his brother. This is not mentioned in the more reliable 12th century chronicle
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1222:, were asked to help defend the divided Moors from Alfonso. The Almoravid army, joined by that of several Taifas, including
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Alonso, J. I. Garcia; Martinez, J. A.; Criado, A. J. (1999). "Origin of El Cid's sword revealed by ICP-MS metal analysis".
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and other Muslim dynasties opposed to the Almoravids. He gradually increased his control over Valencia; the Islamic ruler,
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3020:"Rodrigo 'el Cid' "El Cid" Díaz de Vivar príncipe de Valencia (± 1043–1099) » maximum test » Genealogy Online"
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Semicentennial Publications of the University of California: 1868–1918. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
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El Cid was described to inspire Ferny about his Spanish heritage in "The Legend of Raloo", episode 16 of season 1 of
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626:, the earliest literary treatment of El Cid's life, written to celebrate El Cid's defeat of some counts and champions
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upon Sancho's ascension in 1065. El Cid went on to lead the Castilian military campaigns against Sancho's brothers,
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1719:; however, these marriages are not a historical fact and are an important element in the construction of the poem.
1537:. Several stories exist about El Cid and Babieca. One well-known legend about El Cid describes how he acquired the
1314:
all of Alfonso's lands. El Cid chose not to fight because he was hoping that both armies would weaken themselves.
717:, they left plenty of Christian and Arab records, some even signed documents with his autograph, addressing him as
3903:
The Christian Recovery of Spain: The Story of Spain from the Moorish Conquest to the Fall of Granada (711–1492 AD)
3570:(Animation, Adventure, Drama), BRB Internacional S.A., Nippon Animation Co., Televisión Española (TVE), 1980-10-05
2060:") of El Cid that is taken to the streets during the town major festivity. Doña Jimena's representation is behind.
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1818:(1849): "He alighted about six paces from where we stood, and balancing his weapon, eyed us bravely as the Cid".
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and his Christian allies attempted to weaken the Taifa of Zaragoza's northernmost stronghold by initiating the
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Devoto, Mark (December 2004). "Review: Claude Debussy Rodrigue et Chimène. Édition de Richard Langham Smith".
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When Ferdinand died, Sancho continued to enlarge his territory, conquering both Christian strongholds and the
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There are various theories on his family history, which remains uncertain; however, he was the grandfather of
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herd. El Cid picked a horse that his godfather thought was a weak, poor choice, causing the monk to exclaim "
1151:. El Cid entered al-Mutamin's service and successfully defended Zaragoza against the assaults of al-Mundhir,
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In 2000, The Conquerors expansion was released, which added new campaigns such as Attila the Hun and El Cid.
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1346:. In May 1090, El Cid defeated and captured Berenguer in the Battle of Tébar (nowadays Pinar de Tévar, near
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361:
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Gonzalo Martínez Díez, "El Cid Histórico: Un Estudio Exhaustivo Sobre el Verdadero Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar",
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The exile was not the end of El Cid, either physically or as an important figure. After being rejected by
856:, was laying siege to the Moorish town of Graus, which was fought on Zaragozan lands in the valley of the
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El Cid : del hombre a la leyenda: Claustro bajo de la Catedral de Burgos, septiembre–noviembre 2007
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Along the way to Valencia, El Cid also conquered other towns, many of which were near Valencia, such as
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from the 12th century which gives a partly-fictionalized account of his life, and was one of the early
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Here on the penultimate and final line of the document's text appears the autograph of Rodrigo Díaz: «
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Multilingual metal music: Sociocultural, linguistic, and literary perspectives on heavy metal music
1973:
1906:, one of the most prominent progressive rock bands from Spain, released their first and only album
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1058:, where he received a warmer welcome. In 1081, El Cid went on to offer his services to the king of
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Recuerdos literarios en honor a un gran historiador de Castilla: Gonzalo Martínez Díez (1924–2015)
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Relaciones Políticas y Guerra: La Experiencia Castellano-Leonesa Frente Al Islam: Siglos XI–XIII
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María Jesús Viguera Molins, «El Cid en las fuentes árabes», in César Hernández Alonso (coord.),
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1860:, which he abandoned as unsuitable for his temperament; it was orchestrated for performance by
800:, also known as Castillona de Bivar, a small town about ten kilometers (or six miles) north of
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Infidel Kings and Unholy Warriors: Faith, Power, and Violence in the Age of Crusade and Jihad
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Infidel kings and Unholy Warriors: Faith, power, and violence in the age of crusade and jihad
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Infidel kings and Unholy Warriors: Faith, power, and violence in the age of crusade and jihad
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1696:(also known as Sol), is said first to have married a prince of Aragon, presumably the son of
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1381:
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389:» This translates as "I Rodrigo, together with my wife, affirm that which is written above."
353:, which presents him as the ideal medieval knight: strong, valiant, loyal, just, and pious.
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and Crusader Kings III in start dates corresponding to his historical rule over Valencia.
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1639:, who was said to be part of an aristocratic family from Asturias, in the mid-1070s. The
1573:. Babieca is mentioned in several tales and historical documents about El Cid, including
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1977:, a Spanish science fiction television series, portrayed El Cid in season 2, episode 1.
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1392:
991:(1079), El Cid rallied his troops and turned the battle into a rout of Emir Abdullah of
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treated him suspiciously and kept him at arm's length. Finally, in 1081, he was exiled.
341:, inherited the city and maintained it until 1102 when it was reconquered by the Moors.
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Ed. John E. Findling and Frank W. Thacheray. Wesport, CN: Greenwood Press, 1999. 34–36.
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Epic Films: Casts, Credits and Commentary on More Than 350 Historical Spectacle Movies
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The figure of El Cid has been the source for many literary works, beginning with the
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Statue of El Cid included in the 14th- to 15th-century "Santa María" gateway, Burgos
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922:, the Castilian nobility led by El Cid and a dozen "oath-helpers" forced Alfonso to
585:, operating more or less independently of Alfonso, while politically supporting the
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2180:" depicts a young Rodrigo Díaz showing his father Diego Laínez the severed head of
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games, El Cid appears as a powerful independent general in the castle of Valencia.
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bought the sword for €1.6 million, and it is currently on display at the Museum of
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1342:. Several obstacles lay in his way. First was Berenguer Ramon II, who ruled nearby
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Documentos de los Archivos Catedralicio y Diocesano de Salamanca (siglos XII–XIII)
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Actas del Congreso Internacional el Cid, Poema e Historia (12–16 de julio de 1999)
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Juan Carlos Elorza Guinea; María Pilar Alonso Abad; Castilla y León Junta (2007).
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charge against Valencia's besiegers, resulting in a war-is-lost-but-battle-is-won
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1541:. According to this story, Rodrigo's godfather, Pedro El Grande, was a monk at a
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and their Christian allies, as well as against a large Christian army under King
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which means "battlefield master". He probably gained it during the campaigns of
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General view of the 1954 Juan Cristóbal González Quesada's statue of El Cid in
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Baer, George; Dupuy, Trevor N.; Johnson, Curt; Bongard, David L. (July 1994).
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including "Marchando una del Cid", a song based on the epic legend of El Cid.
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says that the other two Castilian leaders were Diego Pérez and Lope Sánchez.
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Another version of the "Santa Gadea Oath", painted by Armando Menocal in 1889
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The epithet of "El Cid" meant "the Lord", probably from the original Arabic (
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1507:), although the historical Álvar Fáñez remained in Castile with Alfonso VI.
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references El Cid when introducing the character of Samoa in Chapter 21 of
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Born a member of the minor nobility, El Cid was brought up at the court of
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3316:"Adelanto del primer capítulo de la nueva novela de Pérez-Reverte, 'Sidi'"
1078:) and served as a leading figure in a diverse Moorish force consisting of
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ego ruderico, simul cum coniuge mea, afirmo oc quod superius scriptum est.
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1778:. He was also a popular source of inspiration for Spanish writers of the
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the man who served him as his closest adviser was his vassal and kinsman
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Romancero e historia del muy valeroso caballero El Cid Ruy Díaz de Vibar
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2536:«Autógrafos inéditos del Cid y de Jimena en dos diplomas de 1098 y 1101»
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Mythology in the Middle Ages: Heroic Tales of Monsters, Magic, and Might
1653:, was killed while fighting against the invading Muslim Almoravids from
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El Cid depicted on the title page of a 16th-century working of his story
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El Cid gradually came to have more influence in Valencia, then ruled by
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As a young man in 1057, El Cid fought against the Moorish stronghold of
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3507:"'El Cid' de Jaime Lorente para Amazon Prime Video completa su reparto"
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Deyermond, Alan (2013), "El Cantar de mio Cid y la épica anglosajona",
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1708:. Both the poem and the chronicle may state a previous marriage to the
1548:. Pedro's coming-of-age gift to El Cid was his pick of a horse from an
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89:
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2188:. Count Lozano had previously mocked and slapped elderly Diego Laínez.
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Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia
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1879:, where the character of Doña Ximena is portrayed by Italian actress
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825:'s; his maternal grandfather, Rodrigo Álvarez, certified only two of
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Girón Alconchel, José Luis; Pérez Escribano, María Virginia (1995).
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1293:
1227:
1027:(the lord). He is also known to have developed links with the other
566:
4193:
2596:
2592:
2576:
2100:
In 2008, this El Cid statue made by Ángel Gil Cuevas was placed in
1684:
Her own son, El Cid's grandson, would be elevated to the throne of
1538:
1534:
1339:
1136:
1079:
1059:
666:
586:
582:
296:
158:
3848:
Christians and Moors in Spain, vol. III, Arabic sources (711–1501)
3833:
597:
society with the popular support of Christians and Muslims alike.
3876:
2593:«El primer testimonio cristiano sobre la toma de Valencia (1098)»
1452:
During his campaigns, El Cid often ordered that books by classic
1373:
1358:
1347:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1180:
1148:
1107:
found El Cid their foe ill, thirsty and exiled from the court of
992:
956:
876:
868:
817:
601:
3343:
The Works of Herman Melville: no. 3. Mardi, and a voyage thither
1479:).) El Cid accepted or included suggestions from his troops. In
1127:(Cornell University Press, 1975), Joseph F. O'Callaghan writes:
848:
a vassal of Sancho. In the spring of 1063, El Cid fought in the
441:, which are Arabized forms of his title and name, respectively.
4334:
4118:
4113:
3944:
2996:
2626:
Tim Watts (2012). Frank W. Thackeray; John E. Findling (eds.).
2559:, Madrid, Sociedad Estatal España Nuevo Milenio, 2001, p. 73 .
2014:
1951:
expansion pack, there is a campaign starring El Cid Campeador.
1774:
1616:
1609:
1590:
1172:
1155:, and Ramon Berenguer II, whom he held captive briefly in 1082.
1104:
1028:
965:
935:
801:
662:
554:
462:
309:
269:
257:
139:
65:
46:
3199:
2600:
2482:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 166–168, 198.
1722:
482:
The combination of "Cid Campeador" is documented from 1195 in
3879:
The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109
3792:
Cronica del muy esforçado cavallero el Cid ruy diaz campeador
2181:
1920:
1814:
1586:
971:
900:
526:. He rose to become the commander and royal standard-bearer (
2661:(1 ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 184–199,
360:
de Pamplona, King of Navarre, the first son of his daughter
1396:
1091:
1087:
923:
842:
657:
643:) is a modern Spanish denomination composed of the article
272:
armies during his lifetime, he earned the Arabic honorific
3901:
Henry Edwards Watts. "The Story of El Cid (1026–1099)" in
3537:. United Kingdom: Emerald Publishing Ltd. pp. 61–77.
3481:
A Study Guide for Anonymous's "Cantar de mio Cid (El Cid)"
3060:
315:
As the head of his loyal knights, he came to dominate the
27:
Castilian warlord and Prince of Valencia from 1094 to 1099
3923:"El Cid, the Impaler?: Line 1254 of the Poem of the Cid."
3811:
The world of El Cid, Chronicles of the Spanish reconquest
3385:
Notes: Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association
2746:
Chaytor, Henry John (1933). "Chapter 3: The Reconquest".
2659:
The Cambridge Companion to the Literature of the Crusades
2496:
2229:
The world of El Cid: chronicles of the Spanish reconquest
891:
Marcos Giráldez de Acosta painting (1864) depicting the "
3138:
2784:
2365:
Ignacio Ruiz Rodríguez, Félix Martínez Llorente (2016).
1741:. This poem, along with similar later works such as the
1183:, but in autumn the Castilians started a loose siege of
2888:
1850:, in 1885, based on Corneille's play of the same name.
903:
that he did not take part in the murder of his brother
899:(with red cape) is swearing with his right hand on the
600:
El Cid's final years were spent fighting the Almoravid
3955:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 361–362.
2364:
278:("the Lord" or "the Master"), which would evolve into
2619:
1980:
El Cid is a playable character in the Mobile/PC Game
1023:, he had gained a prominent reputation and the title
337:
from 17 June 1094 until his death in 1099. His wife,
3756:
Translated by Burton Raffel. Penguin Classics, 2009.
3066:
2981:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 361–362.
2475:
2416:, Presses universitaires du Midi, pp. 217–226,
2336:. Valladolid: Junta de Castilla y León. p. 46.
2292:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 361–362.
459:
436:
430:
424:
412:
273:
3417:
3132:
2836:. Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla. pp. 47–48.
2789:(in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: J. Rodriguez. p.
2745:
2445:
1669:both married into noble families. Cristina married
926:publicly on holy relics multiple times in front of
907:, while El Cid stands as a witness in front of him.
327:from Moorish control for a brief period during the
3854:Mikaberidze, Alexander, ed. (2011). "Almoravids".
3613:"texts Age of Empires II: The Conquerors (Manual)"
3419:
2044:showing the decapitation of Count Lozano by El Cid
399:. The title "Campeador" thus comes from the Latin
2653:Weiss, Julian (2018-12-31), Bale, Anthony (ed.),
2614:, Salamanca, Universidad, 1977, doc. 1, pp. 79–81
2557:Carmen Campidoctoris o Poema latino del Campeador
1597:in the eleventh century and contained amounts of
1301:(21 October 1094). El Cid's troops are in green,
651:, which derives from the Old Castilian loan word
505:
499:
468:
346:
323:at the end of the 11th century. He reclaimed the
4405:
3450:
1840:in 1873 that was set aside and never completed.
1187:and later the next year the Christians captured
3939:Information about The Route of El Cid – English
3674:
3089:Swords of El Cid: "Rodrigo! May God curse him!"
2984:
2891:"The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography"
1428:
561:, whom he defended from its traditional enemy,
367:
3530:
3165:
2863:
2056:Burgalese traditional representation (called "
1760:In the early 17th century, the Spanish writer
1585:A weapon traditionally identified as El Cid's
492:) in Navarro-Aragonese which form part of the
4014:
3846:C. Melville and A. Ubaydli (ed. and trans.),
3362:Memoria Chilena. Biblioteca Nacional de Chile
3313:
3287:
3264:A Study Guide for Pierre Corneille's 'Le Cid'
2993:"Díaz de Vivar, Rodrigo o El Cid (1043–1099)"
2763:Catlos, Brian (2015). "The Cid Rides Again".
2703:Catlos, Brian (2015). "The Cid Rides Again".
2551:Alberto Montaner Frutos y Ángel Escobar, «El
2227:Barton, Simon & Richard Fletcher (2000).
1289:allies after his conquest of Valencia in 1094
948:was taken away and given to his enemy, Count
763:Northern Iberian Peninsula under the rule of
573:of Aragon. In 1086, an expeditionary army of
483:
474:
4434:11th-century people from the Kingdom of León
3798:Carmen Campidoctoris, a Latin poem on El Cid
3725:
3704:"El Ministerio del Tiempo – Capítulo 9 – T2"
3588:"Age of Empires II: The Conquerors (Manual)"
3524:
3411:
3224:
3118:. De Gruyter. 31 August 2015. p. 1739.
2741:
2739:
1772:based one of his most famous tragicomedies,
829:'s; and El Cid's father confirmed only one.
655:borrowed from the dialectal Arabic word سيد
418:
406:
3853:
3288:Pérez-Reverte, Arturo (15 September 2019).
3231:. Cambridge University Press. p. 110.
3172:. Manchester University Press. p. 90.
2990:
2829:
2528:
2518:, Ayuntamiento de Burgos, 2000, pp. 55–92.
2502:
2414:Sonando van sus nuevas allent parte del mar
2231:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
1723:In literature, music, video games, and film
882:
796:El Cid was born Rodrigo Díaz circa 1043 in
493:
400:
394:
384:
4021:
4007:
3778:R. Selden Rose and Leonard Bacon (trans.)
3471:
3314:Pérez-Reverte, Arturo (2 September 2019).
3251:Cervantes. Don Quixote of La Mancha. 1605.
3044:"Project Gutenberg's "The Lay of the Cid""
2942:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 127.
2929:
2803:
2597:número monográfico «Rodericus Campidoctor»
2397:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1399:of El Cid and his wife Doña Jimena at the
1115:and accepted command of the forces of the
955:In 1079, El Cid was sent by Alfonso VI to
832:
581:Cid set his sights on the kingdom-city of
58:
3504:
3444:
3358:"Novelas de Vicente Huidobro (1929–1939)"
3218:
3166:Barton, Simon; Fletcher, Richard (2000).
2806:""La Conquista De Toledo, Mayo De 1085,""
2736:
2625:
2421:
2411:
1066:, and served both him and his successor,
3888:711–1492: Al-Andalus and the Reconquista
3803:
3637:
3339:
3254:
3204:. Madrid: Ed. Castalia. pp. 11–50.
3085:
3079:
2767:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 74.
2707:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 73.
2439:
1626:
1514:
1495:, a compound word of Spanish possessive
1391:
1292:
1280:
1034:
1014:
886:
758:
615:
378:
3908:T.Y. Henderson. "Conquests Of Valencia"
3457:(2nd ed.). McFarland. p. 76.
2717:
2471:
2469:
2301:
1933:Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks
1317:
542:, as well as in the Muslim kingdoms in
14:
4406:
3882:Princeton, NJ: University Press, 1988.
3866:Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1975
3813:. Manchester: University Press, 2000.
3382:
2935:
2762:
2702:
2226:
2184:Lozano, the father of his future wife
1867:El Cid is portrayed by American actor
1442:
1111:, he was presented before the elderly
665:, which means "lord" or "master". The
295:
4002:
3769:Poema de Mio Cid, Códice de Per Abbat
3680:
3655:
3484:. Gale, Cengage Learning. p. 8.
3267:. Gale, Cengage Learning. p. 3.
2864:Inti Fernandez, Yanes (May 1, 2018).
2652:
1604:In 2007, the Autonomous Community of
1421:, his body now lies at the center of
638:
286:
3477:
3260:
2718:Russell, Peter Edward (2024-04-18).
2466:
2147:The Historians' History of the World
1923:based on El Cid's childhood made by
1622:
1519:Tomb of Babieca at the monastery of
1276:
4489:11th-century monarchs in Al-Andalus
3809:Simon Barton and Richard Fletcher.
3640:"Every Age Of Empires Game, Ranked"
3426:. Oxford University Press. p.
3139:Rita Hamilton; Ian Michael (1984).
3092:. Andrews UK Limited. p. 330.
2629:Events That Formed the Modern World
1963:In 2003, the Spanish animated film
1413:Afterward Valencia was captured by
895:Oath". In the middle of the scene,
725:is first documented c. 1195 in the
553:El Cid found work fighting for the
449:
419:
407:
24:
3915:
3505:Silvestre, Juan (1 October 2019).
3017:
2752:. London: Methuan. pp. 39–40.
2655:"'El Cid' (Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar)"
2271:New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2161:El Cid medallion (1733–34) at the
2132:El Cid's chest at Burgos Cathedral
2086:Portraits of illustrious Spaniards
1987:El Cid is a playable character in
1010:
852:, where Ferdinand's half-brother,
808:. His father, Diego Laínez, was a
754:
479:, composed between 1147 and 1149.
25:
4500:
4439:Burials in the Province of Burgos
3932:
3928:, Volume 26, 2010, pp. 45–68
2749:A History of Aragon and Catalonia
1447:
1285:El Cid ordering the execution of
1131:That kingdom was divided between
333:, ruling the principality as its
304:("the Champion"). He was born in
4030:Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar ("El Cid")
3905:. New York: Putnam, 1894. 71–91.
3898:Sutton Publishing Limited, 2007.
3075:(4). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2176:1864 Juan Vicens Cots painting "
2169:
2154:
2137:
2125:
2113:
2093:
2077:
2065:
2049:
2033:
2021:
2006:
1854:began work in 1890 on an opera,
1645:calls her a daughter of a Count
944:, however. El Cid's position as
256:– 10 July 1099) was a Castilian
236:
3696:
3649:
3631:
3605:
3580:
3558:
3498:
3376:
3350:
3333:
3307:
3290:"'Sidi', un relato de frontera"
3281:
3245:
3193:
3159:
3106:
3036:
3011:
2963:
2895:The Journal of Military History
2882:
2857:
2830:García Fitz, Francisco (2015).
2823:
2797:
2771:
2756:
2711:
2696:
2646:
2585:
2569:
2545:
2508:
1794:, who wrote a long poem called
1615:El Cid also had a sword called
1097:According to Moorish accounts:
4454:Heroes in mythology and legend
4188:Tomb of El Cid and Doña Jimena
3896:El Cid The Making of a Legend,
2405:
2358:
2325:
2295:
2274:
2253:
2220:
1242:, defeated a combined army of
1007:refused his offer of service.
13:
1:
4316:
4301:
4263:
4248:
4235:
4222:
3638:Hospodar, Mark (2021-11-09).
2973:" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.).
2540:Revista de Filología Española
2476:Fletcher, Richard A. (1989).
2213:
2084:El Cid depiction on the book
1954:In both the first and second
1802:published the novel entitled
1768:, on which French playwright
1679:García Sánchez III of Navarre
1324:Siege of Valencia (1092–1094)
1094:within the respective Taifa.
524:Sancho II of León and Castile
308:, a village near the city of
300:), and the Spanish honorific
250:
156:10 July 1099 (aged around 56)
128:
4429:11th-century Roman Catholics
3864:A History of Medieval Spain.
3681:Muñoz, Michel (2023-12-08).
3418:Richard A. Fletcher (1991).
3115:Handbook of Medieval Culture
2969:Henry Edward Watts (1911). "
2446:Fee, Christopher R. (2011).
2284:". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.).
2280:Henry Edward Watts (1911). "
1661:in 1097. El Cid's daughters
1429:Legend of posthumous victory
705:against his brothers, kings
522:and served Ferdinand's son,
7:
3685:(in Spanish). El Diadigital
3683:"Las Miradas Sobre Mío Cid"
3228:A Global History of History
2577:«Rodrigo el Campeador como
2196:
2178:La Primera hazaña de El Cid
1825:published his poetic novel
1804:Sidi: Un relato de frontera
1210:, began. The Almoravids, a
1171:. In 1084, he defeated the
787:from 1109 until her death.
490:The Lineage of Rodrigo Díaz
460:
437:
431:
425:
413:
274:
10:
4505:
4449:Christians from al-Andalus
4274:Crónica particular del Cid
3926:Essays in Medieval Studies
3730:
2599:de la revista electrónica
2555:y la materia cidiana», in
2534:See Ramón Menéndez Pidal,
1996:
1873:epic film of the same name
1827:Mío Cid Campeador. Hazaña.
1510:
1327:
1321:
1163:under El Cid defeated the
1159:In 1082, the army of the
1054:, El Cid journeyed to the
1019:During his service to the
791:
513:
84:1094 – 1099
29:
4469:People of the Reconquista
4464:Military history of Spain
4284:
4209:
4174:
4165:Diego Fernández of Oviedo
4159:García Ramírez of Navarre
4127:
4106:
4054:
4036:
3983:
3974:
3962:
3726:General and cited sources
3656:Adams, Dan (2002-01-09).
3451:Gary Allen Smith (2009).
3340:Melville, Herman (1922).
2936:Catlos, Brian A. (2015).
2667:10.1017/9781108672832.013
2575:Alberto Montaner Frutos,
2452:. ABC-CLIO. p. 161.
2259:Ventura Fuentes (1908). "
1784:Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch
1647:Diego Fernández de Oviedo
1580:
1125:History of Medieval Spain
1113:Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
1070:. He was given the title
1064:Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
703:King Sancho II of Castile
674:Arab sources use instead
396:ego Rudericus Campidoctor
385:
232:
224:
215:
210:
206:
186:
176:
164:
145:
122:
118:
108:
98:
88:
80:
73:
57:
44:
39:
4444:Characters in epic poems
4086:Battle of Almenar (1082)
3858:. Vol. I. ABC-CLIO.
3145:. Penguin. p. 187.
2991:Perea Rodríguez, Óscar.
2804:Ángel Ferreiro, Miguel.
2724:Encyclopaedia Britannica
2632:. ABC-CLIO. p. 19.
2423:10.4000/books.pumi.38431
1945:video game installment,
1821:In 1929, Chilean writer
1700:, and she later married
1387:
1139:proper, and his brother
982:
883:Service under Alfonso VI
611:
4479:Spanish Roman Catholics
4370:(animated series, 1980)
4327:Crónica popular del Cid
3952:Encyclopædia Britannica
3862:Joseph F. O'Callaghan.
3743:University of Illinois.
3611:
3531:Amanda DiGioia (2020).
2975:Encyclopædia Britannica
2870:. OAKTrust. p. 138
2581:en los siglos XI y XII»
2369:. Madrid. p. 315.
2286:Encyclopædia Britannica
833:Service under Sancho II
620:First paragraph of the
506:
500:
469:
347:
32:El Cid (disambiguation)
2302:gigatos (2022-03-12).
2163:Plaza Mayor, Salamanca
2104:, at the path of the "
1788:La Jura de Santa Gadea
1692:. The other daughter,
1632:
1523:
1503:, the basque word for
1403:
1306:
1290:
1191:, a stronghold of the
1157:
1135:(1081–1085) who ruled
1121:
1047:
1032:
908:
788:
627:
494:
485:Linaje de Rodrigo Díaz
484:
475:
401:
395:
390:
4386:(animated film, 2003)
3991:(as Lady of Valencia)
3970:(as King of Valencia)
3921:McNair, Alexander J.
3871:The History of Spain.
3850:. (Warminster, 1992).
3804:Secondary (not cited)
3658:"Medieval: Total War"
3397:10.1353/not.2004.0131
3225:Daniel Woolf (2011).
2265:Catholic Encyclopedia
2144:El Cid portrait from
1908:Si Todo Hiciera Crack
1766:Las Mocedades del Cid
1630:
1518:
1467:psychological warfare
1395:
1296:
1284:
1269:and Alfonso captured
1206:, through and around
1129:
1099:
1038:
1018:
890:
762:
731:Linage de Rodric Díaz
619:
382:
264:. Fighting both with
247:Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar
216:Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar
4312:Mocedades de Rodrigo
4218:Carmen Campidoctoris
4184:(cultural itinerary)
3775:(third item on page)
3422:The Quest for El Cid
3346:. Constable Limited.
2553:Carmen Campidoctoris
2479:The Quest for El Cid
1974:The Ministry of Time
1800:Arturo Pérez-Reverte
1764:wrote a play called
1744:Mocedades de Rodrigo
1571:San Pedro de Cardeña
1563:Carmen Campidoctoris
1521:San Pedro de Cardeña
1419:San Pedro de Cardeña
1406:El Cid and his wife
1330:Lordship of Valencia
1318:Conquest of Valencia
999:At first he went to
749:mio Cid el Campeador
711:García II of Galicia
688:Rodrigo el Campeador
680:Ludriq al-Kanbiyatur
623:Carmen Campidoctoris
540:García II of Galicia
507:El Cantar de mio Cid
501:mio Cit el Campiador
429:), also preceded by
349:El Cantar de mio Cid
64:Statue of El Cid in
30:For other uses, see
4375:Rodrigue et Chimène
4367:Ruy, the Little Cid
4338:(tragicomedy, 1637)
4074:Battle of Golpejera
3877:Bernard F. Reilly.
3754:The Song of El Cid.
3750:. Manchester: 1975.
3567:Ruy, el pequeño Cid
3169:The World of El Cid
3069:Spectroscopy Europe
1957:Medieval: Total War
1916:Ruy, the Little Cid
1857:Rodrigue et Chimène
1749:Miguel de Cervantes
1710:infantes de Carrión
1702:Ramon Berenguer III
1659:Battle of Consuegra
1443:Warrior and general
1263:Raymond of Burgundy
697:derives from Latin
520:Ferdinand the Great
4383:El Cid: The Legend
4315:(cantar de gesta,
4210:Historical sources
4147:Cristina Rodríguez
4068:Battle of Llantada
3977:Prince of Valencia
3780:The Lay of El Cid.
3748:The Poem of El Cid
3736:Kurtz, Barbara E.
2208:El Cid (TV series)
1966:El Cid: The Legend
1885:Amazon Prime Video
1796:La Leyenda del Cid
1739:chivalric romances
1663:Cristina Rodríguez
1633:
1524:
1477:The Song of my Cid
1404:
1382:Jerome of Périgord
1307:
1305:troops are in red.
1291:
1256:Battle of Sagrajas
1153:Sancho I of Aragón
1052:Ramon Berenguer II
1048:
1033:
1005:Ramon Berenguer II
909:
854:Ramiro I of Aragon
789:
747:under the formula
707:Alfonso VI of León
647:meaning "the" and
628:
536:Alfonso VI of León
391:
362:Cristina Rodríguez
297:[elˈts̻id]
197:Cristina Rodríguez
75:Prince of Valencia
4484:Taifa of Valencia
4401:
4400:
4394:(TV series, 2020)
4354:(sculpture, 1927)
4330:(biography, 1498)
4293:Cantar de mio Cid
4277:(biography, 1512)
4259:Historia Roderici
4091:Battle of Morella
3997:
3996:
3992:
3984:Succeeded by
3971:
3834:Editorial Planeta
3761:Cantar de mío Cid
3544:978-1-8390-9950-2
3491:978-1-4103-4239-3
3464:978-1-4766-0418-3
3437:978-0-19-506955-6
3274:978-1-4103-5088-6
3238:978-0-521-87575-2
3202:Cantar de mio Cid
3152:978-0-14-044446-9
3142:Cantar de mio Cid
3125:978-3-11-037761-3
3099:978-1-78333-651-7
3086:Tom Hill (2014).
3048:www.gutenberg.org
3018:Bergen, Ard van.
2810:El Reto Histórico
2780:Historia Roderici
2676:978-1-108-67283-2
2639:978-1-59884-901-1
2565:978-84-95486-20-2
2376:978-84-9085-787-8
2343:978-84-935781-4-5
1990:Crusader Kings II
1889:Spanish TV series
1762:Guillén de Castro
1730:Cantar de mio Cid
1642:Historia Roderici
1623:Wife and children
1575:The Lay of El Cid
1472:Cantar de mio Cid
1384:was made bishop.
1378:Dhulnunid dynasty
1277:Recall from exile
1220:Yusuf ibn Tashfin
1204:Iberian Peninsula
1177:Battle of Morella
1169:Battle of Almenar
1161:Taifa of Zaragoza
1117:Taifa of Zaragoza
1056:Taifa of Zaragoza
1045:Taifa of Zaragoza
1021:Taifa of Zaragoza
941:Historia Roderici
919:Cantar de mio Cid
804:, the capital of
727:Navarro-Aragonese
458:
325:Taifa of Valencia
321:Iberian Peninsula
244:
243:
220:
219:
16:(Redirected from
4496:
4459:Medieval legends
4351:El Cid Campeador
4321:
4318:
4306:
4305: 1140–1207
4303:
4268:
4267: 1181–1190
4265:
4253:
4250:
4240:
4237:
4227:
4224:
4097:Battle of Bairén
4023:
4016:
4009:
4000:
3999:
3990:
3981:1094–1099
3969:
3963:Preceded by
3960:
3959:
3956:
3948:
3946:"Cid, The"
3859:
3773:European Library
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3425:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3024:Genealogy Online
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2999:on 14 April 2012
2995:. Archived from
2988:
2982:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2623:
2617:
2589:
2583:
2573:
2567:
2549:
2543:
2532:
2526:
2512:
2506:
2503:Mikaberidze 2011
2500:
2494:
2493:
2473:
2464:
2463:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2425:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2388:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2310:. Archived from
2299:
2293:
2278:
2272:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2224:
2173:
2158:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2097:
2081:
2069:
2053:
2037:
2025:
2010:
1982:Rise of Kingdoms
1925:Nippon Animation
1844:wrote an opera,
1823:Vicente Huidobro
1770:Pierre Corneille
1718:
1677:and grandson of
1606:Castile and León
1423:Burgos Cathedral
1401:Burgos Cathedral
1338:coastal city of
1202:invasion of the
1119:as their Master.
1041:Aljaferia palace
959:to the court of
741:included in the
739:
642:
640:[elˈθið]
637:
509:
503:
497:
487:
478:
476:Poema de Almería
472:
466:
453:
451:
440:
434:
428:
422:
421:
416:
410:
409:
404:
398:
388:
387:
352:
299:
294:
290:
288:[elˈθið]
285:
277:
255:
252:
240:
208:
207:
170:Burgos Cathedral
155:
153:
133:
130:
62:
37:
36:
21:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4474:Spanish knights
4404:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4319:
4304:
4298:cantar de gesta
4280:
4266:
4251:
4238:
4225:
4205:
4170:
4167:(father-in-law)
4153:María Rodríguez
4141:Diego Rodríguez
4123:
4102:
4080:Battle of Cabra
4062:Battle of Graus
4050:
4032:
4027:
3993:
3989:
3980:
3972:
3968:
3943:
3935:
3918:
3916:Further reading
3886:Steven Thomas.
3869:Peter Pierson.
3836:(Spain, 1999).
3806:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3722:
3713:
3711:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3688:
3686:
3679:
3675:
3666:
3664:
3654:
3650:
3636:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3573:
3571:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3513:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3476:
3472:
3465:
3449:
3445:
3438:
3416:
3412:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3198:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3137:
3133:
3126:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3084:
3080:
3065:
3061:
3052:
3050:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3028:
3026:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2989:
2985:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2934:
2930:
2907:10.2307/2944137
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2802:
2798:
2776:
2772:
2761:
2757:
2744:
2737:
2728:
2726:
2716:
2712:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2687:
2677:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2624:
2620:
2591:Georges Martin
2590:
2586:
2574:
2570:
2550:
2546:
2533:
2529:
2513:
2509:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2410:
2406:
2390:
2389:
2377:
2363:
2359:
2344:
2330:
2326:
2317:
2315:
2300:
2296:
2279:
2275:
2258:
2254:
2239:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2174:
2165:
2159:
2150:
2142:
2133:
2130:
2121:
2118:
2109:
2098:
2089:
2082:
2073:
2070:
2061:
2054:
2045:
2038:
2029:
2026:
2017:
2011:
1999:
1921:animated series
1869:Charlton Heston
1810:Herman Melville
1780:Romantic period
1725:
1712:
1651:Diego Rodríguez
1635:El Cid married
1625:
1583:
1533:, was El Cid's
1513:
1450:
1445:
1431:
1390:
1363:Quart de Poblet
1332:
1326:
1320:
1299:Quart de Poblet
1279:
1267:Siege of Tudela
1193:Taifa of Toledo
1165:Taifa of Lleida
1013:
1011:Moorish service
989:Battle of Cabra
985:
977:Battle of Cabra
963:to collect the
885:
850:Battle of Graus
835:
794:
765:Urraca, called
757:
755:Life and career
733:
635:
614:
516:
377:
292:
283:
253:
201:María Rodríguez
199:
195:
193:Diego Rodríguez
172:
157:
151:
149:
134:
131:
127:
69:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4502:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4387:
4379:
4371:
4363:
4355:
4347:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4308:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4270:
4255:
4242:
4229:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4182:Camino del Cid
4178:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4026:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3994:
3985:
3982:
3973:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3941:
3934:
3933:External links
3931:
3930:
3929:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3883:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3851:
3844:
3830:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3776:
3766:
3757:
3751:
3744:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3695:
3673:
3648:
3630:
3604:
3579:
3557:
3543:
3523:
3497:
3490:
3470:
3463:
3443:
3436:
3410:
3375:
3349:
3332:
3306:
3280:
3273:
3253:
3244:
3237:
3217:
3210:
3192:
3179:978-1526112637
3178:
3158:
3151:
3131:
3124:
3105:
3098:
3078:
3059:
3035:
3010:
2983:
2962:
2949:978-0809058372
2948:
2928:
2881:
2856:
2843:978-8447207084
2842:
2822:
2796:
2770:
2755:
2735:
2710:
2695:
2675:
2645:
2638:
2618:
2584:
2568:
2544:
2527:
2507:
2495:
2489:978-0195069556
2488:
2465:
2459:978-0275984069
2458:
2438:
2433:978-2912025852
2432:
2404:
2375:
2357:
2342:
2324:
2294:
2273:
2252:
2237:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2203:Camino del Cid
2198:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2175:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2153:
2151:
2143:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2112:
2110:
2106:Camino del Cid
2099:
2092:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2046:
2040:1344 medieval
2039:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2012:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1969:was released.
1948:The Conquerors
1942:Age of Empires
1939:In the second
1862:Edison Denisov
1852:Claude Debussy
1842:Jules Massenet
1757:(1605–1615).
1724:
1721:
1690:García Ramírez
1624:
1621:
1599:Damascus steel
1582:
1579:
1560:. In the poem
1512:
1509:
1449:
1448:Battle tactics
1446:
1444:
1441:
1430:
1427:
1389:
1386:
1370:Yahya al-Qadir
1322:Main article:
1319:
1316:
1278:
1275:
1068:al-Musta'in II
1039:Detail of the
1012:
1009:
984:
981:
950:García Ordóñez
884:
881:
834:
831:
793:
790:
756:
753:
613:
610:
591:Yahya al-Qadir
571:Sancho Ramírez
515:
512:
376:
366:
358:García Ramírez
262:medieval Spain
242:
241:
234:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
218:
217:
213:
212:
204:
203:
190:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
166:
162:
161:
147:
143:
142:
124:
120:
119:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
92:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
71:
70:
63:
55:
54:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4501:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4378:(opera, 1993)
4377:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4346:(opera, 1885)
4345:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4246:
4243:
4233:
4230:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4201:
4200:Vivar del Cid
4198:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4024:
4019:
4017:
4012:
4010:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3988:
3979:
3978:
3967:
3961:
3954:
3953:
3947:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3842:84-08-03161-9
3839:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3827:0-7190-5226-2
3824:
3820:
3819:0-7190-5225-4
3816:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3684:
3677:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3546:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3527:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3478:Gale (2016).
3474:
3466:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3414:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3345:
3344:
3336:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3295:
3291:
3284:
3276:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3261:Gale (2016).
3257:
3248:
3240:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3221:
3213:
3211:84-7039-719-2
3207:
3203:
3196:
3181:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3162:
3154:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3101:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3025:
3021:
3014:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2869:
2868:
2860:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2826:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2774:
2766:
2759:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2740:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2706:
2699:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2641:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2622:
2615:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2524:84-87876-41-2
2521:
2517:
2511:
2505:, p. 91.
2504:
2499:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2472:
2470:
2461:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2435:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2400:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2361:
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2345:
2339:
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2328:
2314:on 2023-02-23
2313:
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2238:0-7190-5225-4
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2024:
2019:
2016:
2009:
2004:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1985:
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1961:
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1937:
1935:
1934:
1928:
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1918:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:Jaime Lorente
1890:
1886:
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1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1834:Georges Bizet
1831:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1792:José Zorrilla
1789:
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1464:
1463:brainstorming
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840:
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720:
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699:campi doctor,
696:
693:The cognomen
691:
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684:al-Qanbiyatur
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528:armiger regis
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267:
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260:and ruler in
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4262:(chronicle,
4257:
4247:(historian,
4234:(historian,
4221:(epic poem,
4216:
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3738:
3712:. Retrieved
3710:(in Spanish)
3707:
3698:
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3676:
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3661:
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3643:
3642:. GameRant.
3633:
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3364:(in Spanish)
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2997:the original
2986:
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1953:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1931:
1929:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1896:
1895:starring as
1887:premiered a
1881:Sophia Loren
1877:Anthony Mann
1875:directed by
1866:
1864:circa 1993.
1855:
1845:
1838:Don Rodrigue
1837:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1786:, who wrote
1773:
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1100:
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1075:
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932:Saint Agatha
917:
910:
866:
861:
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771:la Temeraria
770:
767:the Reckless
766:
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694:
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687:
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671:
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552:
548:
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517:
489:
481:
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392:
373:
369:
355:
343:
328:
314:
302:El Campeador
301:
293:Old Spanish:
279:
246:
245:
228:Diego Laínez
126:Rodrigo Díaz
45:
4424:1099 deaths
4320: 1360
4252: 1109
4239: 1100
4226: 1083
4135:Jimena Díaz
4093:(1084–1088)
4047:(1094–1099)
3987:Ximena Díaz
3894:M. J. Trow,
3619:. p. 3
3617:Archive.org
3592:Archive.org
2874:15 December
2849:15 December
2815:15 December
2186:Doña Jimena
1883:. In 2020,
1798:. In 2019,
1754:Don Quixote
1713: [
1704:, count of
1637:Jimena Díaz
1558:León, Spain
1491:" (meaning
1485:Álvar Fáñez
1408:Jimena Díaz
928:Santa Gadea
893:Santa Gadea
858:river Cinca
846:al-Muqtadir
823:Ferdinand I
744:Liber Regum
734: [
606:Jimena Díaz
595:pluralistic
498:written as
495:Liber regum
426:al-Qanbīṭūr
414:al-Kanbīṭūr
402:Campidoctor
368:Etymology:
339:Jimena Díaz
330:Reconquista
254: 1043
181:Jimena Díaz
132: 1043
113:Jimena Díaz
99:Predecessor
4408:Categories
4285:Depictions
4245:Ibn Bassam
4232:Ibn Alqama
4161:(grandson)
4155:(daughter)
4149:(daughter)
4043:Prince of
3829:paperback.
3821:hardback,
3765:(free PDF)
3714:2023-01-22
3689:2024-05-02
3667:2023-01-18
3574:2023-01-22
3516:20 January
3511:Fotogramas
3053:2022-06-26
3029:2022-06-24
2955:9 December
2901:(3): 515.
2729:2024-04-28
2690:2022-11-12
2318:2023-02-23
2214:References
2102:Mecerreyes
2058:Gigantones
1871:in a 1961
1836:worked on
1782:, such as
1673:, Lord of
1550:Andalusian
1543:Carthusian
1328:See also:
1297:Battle of
1141:al-Mundhir
1133:al-Mutamin
1076:The Master
961:al-Mutamid
897:Alfonso VI
871:cities of
818:cavalryman
814:bureaucrat
578:Almoravids
557:rulers of
544:al-Andalus
152:1099-07-10
90:Coronation
3966:Ibn Jahaf
3763:– Spanish
3550:8 October
3405:194081830
3325:6 October
3299:6 October
2915:0899-3718
2685:165471019
2607:& al.
2393:cite book
2385:964290692
2352:433366647
2042:miniature
1936:in 2004.
1913:In 1980,
1902:In 1979,
1735:epic poem
1706:Barcelona
1546:monastery
1499:(My) and
1436:catharsis
1372:, of the
1344:Barcelona
1303:Almoravid
1287:Almoravid
1261:In 1087,
1218:, led by
1208:Gibraltar
1200:Almoravid
1189:Salamanca
1173:Aragonese
1080:Muwallads
1043:, in the
1001:Barcelona
905:Sancho II
862:Campeador
827:Sancho II
775:Queen of
719:Campeador
695:Campeador
630:The name
504:; and in
473:, in the
455:romanized
450:السَّيِّد
420:القنبيطور
408:الكنبيطور
374:Campeador
275:as-Sayyid
266:Christian
233:Signature
109:Successor
103:Ibn Jahaf
4194:Torrecid
4045:Valencia
3368:June 19,
3320:El Mundo
3185:23 April
3003:23 April
2971:Cid, The
2720:"El Cid"
2602:e-Spania
2595:, en el
2579:princeps
2304:"El Cid"
2282:Cid, The
2247:45486279
2197:See also
1688:as King
1554:Babieca!
1539:stallion
1535:warhorse
1481:The Song
1340:Valencia
1137:Zaragoza
1102:Andalusi
1060:Zaragoza
1031:in 1080.
1003:, where
839:Zaragoza
810:courtier
667:Mozarabs
636:Spanish:
587:Banu Hud
583:Valencia
559:Zaragoza
470:Meo Çidi
284:Spanish:
159:Valencia
51:Valencia
4055:Battles
3771:in the
3731:Primary
3708:RTVE.es
3623:15 July
3597:15 July
3294:El País
2923:2944137
1997:Gallery
1919:was an
1698:Peter I
1686:Navarre
1657:at the
1595:Córdoba
1531:Bavieca
1527:Babieca
1511:Babieca
1505:brother
1415:Mazdali
1376:Berber
1374:Hawwara
1359:El Puig
1348:Monroyo
1254:at the
1252:Castile
1240:Seville
1236:Tortosa
1232:Granada
1224:Badajoz
1181:Tortosa
1175:at the
1167:at the
1149:Tortosa
1123:In his
1109:Alfonso
1105:Knights
1092:Malians
1084:Berbers
993:Granada
987:In the
957:Seville
877:Badajoz
869:Moorish
806:Castile
792:Origins
785:Galicia
781:Castile
602:Berbers
532:Castile
514:Summary
457::
319:of the
317:Levante
68:, Spain
18:Babieca
4414:El Cid
4391:El Cid
4359:El Cid
4343:Le Cid
4335:Le Cid
4196:(camp)
4190:(tomb)
4175:Places
4137:(wife)
4128:Family
4119:Colada
4114:Tizona
4107:Swords
4099:(1097)
4082:(1079)
4076:(1072)
4070:(1068)
4064:(1063)
3840:
3825:
3817:
3794:(1533)
3788:(1828)
3739:El Cid
3541:
3488:
3461:
3434:
3403:
3271:
3235:
3208:
3176:
3149:
3122:
3096:
2946:
2921:
2913:
2840:
2683:
2673:
2636:
2563:
2522:
2486:
2456:
2430:
2383:
2373:
2350:
2340:
2308:Trenfo
2263:". In
2261:El Cid
2245:
2235:
2088:(1791)
2015:Burgos
1897:El Cid
1847:Le Cid
1775:Le Cid
1675:Monzón
1671:Ramiro
1617:Colada
1610:Burgos
1591:Tizona
1581:Swords
1489:Minaya
1352:Teruel
1250:, and
1248:Aragón
1228:Málaga
1212:Berber
1185:Toledo
1145:Lérida
1090:, and
1072:El Cid
1029:Taifas
1025:El Cid
966:parias
936:Burgos
914:Toledo
873:Zamora
816:, and
802:Burgos
676:Rudriq
663:sayyid
632:El Cid
567:Lérida
563:Aragon
555:Muslim
463:Sayyid
446:Arabic
438:Ludrīq
432:Rudrīq
310:Burgos
280:El Çid
270:Muslim
258:knight
225:Father
177:Spouse
165:Burial
140:Burgos
66:Burgos
47:Prince
40:El Cid
4143:(son)
4037:Reign
3401:S2CID
3391:(2).
2919:JSTOR
2681:S2CID
2182:Count
1904:Crack
1891:with
1815:Mardi
1790:, or
1733:, an
1717:]
1694:María
1667:María
1587:sword
1529:, or
1501:Anaia
1458:Greek
1454:Roman
1388:Death
1179:near
1088:Arabs
983:Exile
972:taifa
924:swear
901:Bible
798:Vivar
738:]
612:Title
530:) of
306:Vivar
211:Names
188:Issue
136:Vivar
81:Reign
3838:ISBN
3823:ISBN
3815:ISBN
3625:2022
3599:2022
3552:2022
3539:ISBN
3518:2020
3486:ISBN
3459:ISBN
3432:ISBN
3370:2024
3327:2019
3301:2019
3269:ISBN
3233:ISBN
3206:ISBN
3187:2019
3174:ISBN
3147:ISBN
3120:ISBN
3094:ISBN
3005:2012
2957:2022
2944:ISBN
2911:ISSN
2876:2022
2851:2022
2838:ISBN
2817:2022
2777:The
2671:ISBN
2634:ISBN
2561:ISBN
2520:ISBN
2484:ISBN
2454:ISBN
2428:ISBN
2399:link
2381:OCLC
2371:ISBN
2348:OCLC
2338:ISBN
2243:OCLC
2233:ISBN
1665:and
1456:and
1397:Tomb
1361:and
1244:León
1238:and
1147:and
875:and
843:emir
783:and
777:León
709:and
690:).
672:Cid.
658:sîdi
538:and
372:and
335:lord
268:and
146:Died
123:Born
94:1094
3662:IGN
3393:doi
2903:doi
2791:104
2663:doi
2418:doi
1751:'s
1681:.
864:".
715:Cid
682:or
661:or
653:Çid
649:Cid
461:as-
435:or
417:),
370:Cid
312:.
49:of
4410::
4317:c.
4302:c.
4300:,
4264:c.
4249:c.
4236:c.
4223:c.
3949:.
3706:.
3660:.
3615:.
3590:.
3509:.
3430:.
3399:.
3389:61
3387:.
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3073:11
3071:.
3046:.
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2979:6.
2977:.
2917:.
2909:.
2899:58
2897:.
2893:.
2808:.
2738:^
2722:.
2679:,
2669:,
2657:,
2609:,
2538:,
2468:^
2426:,
2395:}}
2391:{{
2379:.
2346:.
2306:.
2290:6.
2288:.
2269:3.
2267:.
2241:.
2108:".
1984:.
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1899:.
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1715:es
1619:.
1612:.
1601:.
1589:,
1577:.
1497:Mi
1425:.
1365:.
1350:,
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