184:: In this perspective essay, ENS Ofir Nevo and Dr Laura Lambert briefly discuss the concept of an outward mindset and how they have applied it in the context of medical education. ENS Nevo shares his story of deciding to attend medical school at the Uniformed Services University, as part of his desire and commitment to serve others. Early on, the requirements of medical school created intense demands that began to disconnect him from the commitment and connection that first drew him to a medical career. ENS Nevo describes how an awareness of the choice of mindset helped him address these challenges and stay better connected to his purpose and calling. A case analysis by Lambert further explores how the awareness and practice of an outward mindset may help students, residents, and attendings see how they can improve their own well-being and connection to the people that brought them to medicine in the first place. Their experiences demonstrate how outward mindset principles can be a valuable tool for empowering students and physicians with a perspective that invites new solutions for the challenges of life and work."
478:
potential for communication gaps is very likely. One of the strategies to eliminate these gaps is the use of the bottom line up front (BLUF) approach to communication. The BLUF approach is used to customize the information to be transferred as well as the style of "handoff" to match the specific needs of patients. Additionally, BLUF communication may also be used during "code blue" (a medical emergency such as cardiac or respiratory arrest). Welu (2020) specified that BLUF fosters clarity of communication among members of a group during crisis or emergency situations. Furthermore, the BLUF approach may also be used during referrals of the condition of the patients to another healthcare worker or health service providers, as in the case of nurses to nurses, nurses to physicians, or junior physicians, to attending physicians. When documenting the treatment plan and the actual care interventions that were done to the patients, the BLUF approach may also be useful.
274:(1) winning support of Soviet positions by exploiting certain patterns in Latin American life that facilitate the Communist approach and by taking advantage of specific incidents for propaganda purposes; (2) reducing the extent of Western Hemisphere solidarity by exploiting historical antagonisms, opposed intensely nationalistic sentiments, and conflicting national interests; (3) causing dissention between political factions in some countries (particularly Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, Cuba, and Guatemala) to the point of impairing political stability and of shifting the balance of power; (4) taking direct military action by harassing sea lines of communication between the US and Latin American through submarine action and by landing sabotage agents and small commando parties; and (5) and most important, reducing Latin American economic support of the US in several important fields.
209:." Lt Col Robert Spalding's article "America's Two Air Forces" (Summer 2009) is deeply flawed in both premise and argument. Meaningful analysis of our aircraft requirements demands sound methodology and critical assessments that minimize internal biases. Unfortunately, the author falls far short on both counts. He describes a requirement for a bifurcated US Air Force equipped to meet the demands of peer-competitor threats and irregular warfare, and then asserts that current aircraft procurement plans will fail to meet either requirement. While there is some merit in his general assessment of roles and missions for his "Two Air Forces" (kudos to his discussion of irregular warfare), the analysis offered – which is inadequate and often specious – fails to support his conclusions. I will address his assertion that our Air Force should focus on a peer-competitor force structure."
305:
read the whole memo or set it aside and read later. To illustrate, Title IX's college sports regulation makes sure women and men have the same rights. Women and men must be equal in both athletic scholarships, and the male-female ratio of athletes needs to match the school's student ratio. This is a first-order effect – more women get to play sports and receive scholarships. However, due to financial constraints, football is the only sport that makes money, and there is not a women's sport with an equivalent number of players. Hence, if the school wants to have a football team, they will also have to have five women's sports teams before adding another men's sport. A second-order effect is schools are (economically) forced to drop some of the less common men's sports teams. A third-order effect may be the sport loses popularity over time (wrestling is an example).
331:
email patterned in BLUF declares the purpose of the email and action required. The subject of the email states exactly what the email is about. The body of the message should quickly answer the five Ws: who, what, where, when, and why. The first few sentences explains the purpose and reason of the email and continues to give supporting details. Message conveyed must be clear if simply for information or requiring action. This help email recipients grasp and retain the message. Thus, an effective BLUF distills the most important information for the reader (receiver of the message).
120:
overloaded with lots of information. BLUF helps manage a reader's load as most readers' priority is to get through all text or copy quickly and efficiently. This way, the reader can grasp the main idea or the whole thought of a write-up. The BLUF approach can help writers better organize their thoughts by starting with the big idea that they want to convey. For writers, announcing the BLUF convention while the article is in draft form might give the author a sense of clarity because the essay's purpose is stated early on, and having it written out can keep the writer on task.
390:
policymakers and commanders, who are often too busy to read and carefully digest every word of the intelligence products they rely upon to make decisions. Summarizing each paragraph at its beginning allows decision makers to quickly skim intelligence products without sacrificing clarity. Because materials that are not in the BLUF format—such as academic texts—may contain paragraphs with several important ideas located at the beginning, middle, or end, readers who skim these publications may inadvertently miss important information.
192:"Bottom line up front: no two states have identical national laws; even our understanding and application of the laws of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) (Geneva and Hague being the cornerstones) are not uniform. As judge advocates (JA) and legal advisors (LEGADs), we have a central role in identifying and understanding the relevant national positions within combined forces, the implications for the force, and advising how to minimize the operational or tactical impact, in order to ensure mission accomplishment."
164:
to congressional inquiries directed to the secretary or deputy secretary "must be completed within five calendar days". If more time is needed, "an interim response or reply will be sent indicating when to expect a final one. Mattis' guidance includes the following two directions: "Answer the question asked. Address the issue raised. Do not avoid the question or answer a different question. If you can't answer the question or address the issue, state why." And "Give members of
Congress the
436:
line up front (BLUF) format—the recommendation first, followed by the backup reasoning or rationale in clear and straightforward terms. A parallel process should be used with the patients. Building on earlier works, Conoley, Padula, Payton, and
Daniels (1994), using archived footage of sessions, found that a patient was most likely to implement a recommended treatment if the following three conditions were matched: the recommendation needed to match the problem,
259:: who, what, where, when, and why. This kind of writing requires precision and direct statements that enforce fast and clear communications. Their subject lines use keywords in all caps to note the email's purpose, such as info (for informational purposes only), request (seeks permission or approval by the recipient), and action (the recipient must take some action.) The following example is an example of a BLUF message from the Air Force Handbook: "
283:
resolution suggest that the conflict will continue to drain the
Philippines' scarce security resources, thus limiting its ability to pursue greater military cooperation with its security partners, and that parts of Mindanao will remain a haven for terrorists. Endemic poverty, corruption, powerful political opposition, factionalism, Manila's weakness in resources and capacity, and inflexibility on outcome hamper both sides."
459:
parenting article, the conclusion may be presented in the first paragraph. With the BLUF model, readers will feel the need to read until the end. It is beneficial in SEO writing since the goal is to make the readers go through the information until the end, and eventually heed the calls to action (CTAs). Creative calls to action (CTAs) are also used to point users toward the next step of partnering with a business.
474:
These errors result from miscommunications among the members of the medical team, such as when coordinating the treatment plan for the patient. Moreover, these may lead to an increase in negative patient outcomes, and customer dissatisfaction. Thus, there is a need to practice effective communication to significantly avert medical errors and malpractice, and therefore contribute to best health outcomes.
32:
440:, and should build on a patient's strengths. Patients being counseled tend to follow a treatment plan if, among other things, the recommendation is explained first and followed up with the justification, which are typical features of a BLUF. Expectations with the patients in carrying out a tailored therapy are likely when the benefits are explicitly stated immediately.
455:. It differs from other forms of writing since it contains keywords that will help in ranking the website. These keywords should appear naturally in the article. SEO writing is also more structured and may involve complicated instructions for better search engine visibility. When more people view the website, there is a chance for the conversion rate to increase.
228:
reader should care about the document. In order to create a reader-friendly prose, writers structure their paragraphs using BLUF format to better aid the reader's ability to recall the paragraph's main idea or content. BLUF-structured topic sentences are applicable when writing literature review, experimental results, and argumentative essays.
289:"These busy men and women rely on clear, concise, and accurate intelligence reporting to make daily decisions that affect U.S. national security, U.S. policies, and the lives of U.S. servicemen and -women. Arranging your intelligence reporting in the BLUF format helps them efficiently locate and comprehend the information they need."
477:
One common practice in the healthcare setting is the "hand-off" procedure. During "hand-offs" or "handovers" (i.e., change of shift report), critical information about patient care is transferred between the outgoing and the incoming staff. Usually, this process takes place in limited time. Thus, the
300:
It has been recommended that BLUF be used in writing policy papers and memos. This is because policymakers have short attention spans, given that they have much work to do. They may not appreciate lengthy prose and verbosity. They only want the essential information, so as not to get bogged down into
296:
article, Kabir Sehgal enumerated three main ways to format emails with military precision: (1) Subject with key words – Key words specify the nature in email (e.g. Action, Sign, Info, Decision, etc.); (2) Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF) – Emails should be short that basically answers the 5W's: who, what,
269:
Along with the military professionals, analysts from the intelligence community also use the BLUF. Intelligence analysts often start an assessment with their bottom line up front. Their analytic reports are often drafted for busy policymakers possessing limited time for consumption of information and
218:
Among its many rules, the now-rescinded DA pamphlet mandated structuring written staff products with the main point, or bottom line, at the beginning. The pamphlet said Army writers should give the bottom line up front, or BLUF, because "the greatest weakness in ineffective writing is that it doesn't
473:
Data shows that poor communication comprises 30 percent of all medical malpractice claims filed from 2009 to 2013. Thirty-seven percent of these claims were serious adverse events, such as debilitating conditions (e.g., extended hospital stay, loss of arms or limbs, psychological trauma), and death.
435:
in primary care to get the physician understand information that may be beneficial for the patient. Communicating the results in a format that subjects can easily understand is paramount. In a medical team setting, each member values speed and brevity. Simon and Folen (2001) suggest using the bottom
321:
BLUF is also useful when conversing at the organizational level. In the BLUF framework, for effective communication, it is necessary to identify the purpose of the communication and share that purpose with the audience (e.g. bosses, workers, and colleagues). In this framework, instead of reporting a
163:
In a 2017 guidance on how the U.S. Defense
Department answers inquiries from Capitol Hill, Defense Secretary Jim Mattis expects the department to improve its communication with Congress "at every level". According to an August 22 memo from Capt. Hallock Mohler, Mattis' executive secretary, responses
345:
Over the course of working on the new project, we've encountered some challenges working with the data. When we try to take table A from
Database 1 and load it into Database 2, we are getting an error. So far, we've tried a few methods we found online here and here but nothing seems to work. Do you
304:
In writing policy papers and memos, military professionals, intelligence analysts, policy analysts, and the like need to include any second-order or third-order effect in their BLUF. The inclusion upfront of the result of the direct result of an action or change will entice the busy policymakers to
317:
In conversation, the BLUF model can be used to keep conversation or answers to questions concise and focused on the immediate topic, in order to help a person state the main point (such as in an interview). The BLUF approach helps top-level managers and senior military officials in decision-making
282:
Another example would be the Muslim insurgency in
Mindanao, with the following BLUF: "Substantive resolution of a decades-long Muslim insurgency in Mindanao is unlikely anytime soon despite the signing of peace agreements between Manila and the separatist militants. Several entrenched obstacles to
227:
When writing a document for business and academic purposes, BLUF helps in writing the message and argumentation because it features prominently a main "what" and "so what". Stating the key judgment and significance up front sets up the argument, ensures the message is clear, and highlights why the
159:"Army writing will be concise, organized, and to the point. Two essential requirements include putting the main point at the beginning of the correspondence (bottom line up front) and using the active voice (for example, "You are entitled to jump pay for the time you spent in training last year")."
110:
BLUF is a standard in U.S. military communication whose aim is to make military messages precise and powerful. It differs from an older, more-traditional style in which conclusions and recommendations are included at the end, following the arguments and considerations of facts. The BLUF concept is
368:
The
Persimmon Group had revealed that nearly 30% of office workdays are dedicated to reading and answering email and workers spend about 40% of their time in meetings. This has been rising due to the continuous integration of technology in the business field as part of their processes. During the
330:
At present, 66% of consumers open their messages through mobile devices. Digital communication follow a different set of norms than direct mail, as emails require brevity and clarity of message content; hence, the BLUF framework is applicable to optimizing writing for mobile email consumption. An
308:
Applying this to the policy world, the two examples show this BLUF structure with a second-order effect: (1) The
Philippine President will probably sign key legislation for the peace accord, but opposition elements are likely to challenge the law in court and thwart implementation. (2) An Islamic
123:
BLUF communications place the main point of a message at the beginning and then follow it up with the context. In addition, it is used to enforce speed and clarity in delivering reports and emails. It is followed by essential background information that summarizes or enumerates the considerations
231:
The BLUF style can also be routinely seen in executive summaries, reports, subject lines in e-mails, and abstracts in scholarly articles. The intention to place the bottom line at the onset is done because executives tend to focus on problem solving. It may be applied directly to the format of a
380:
Beyond textual discussions, BLUF in digital communication also means conveying data. This includes making a presentation filled with facts and figures. A presentation can begin with a "BLUF slide"—a compelling visual image that encapsulates the overall thesis. Before presenting research data to
119:
BLUF is used for effective communication. Studies show that organizations with effective communications produced a 47% greater return to shareholders over five years. BLUF aims to enable the receiver of a message to make faster decisions, especially for people who are busy, time-constrained, or
458:
The BLUF model is relevant in SEO writing since it tells the readers what they want to know right away. While the primary goal of SEO writing is to rank higher in the search engines, the primary targets are still human readers. They need to grasp the information immediately. For instance, in a
247:
structure for the latter also aims to serve the readers well by arranging the story elements in descending order of importance. Like the inverted pyramid structure in which the story's conclusion is already contained in its lead, writing in BLUF structure adheres to brevity and clarity so that
389:
The BLUF model can also be used in planning and management to ensure the purpose of plans are kept in mind, decision-maker support is more readily attainable, and impact may more easily and accurately be measured. It is considered as the best way for intelligence analysts to communicate with
266:" Another example comes from the U.S. offensive in Iraq in 2007: "The battle against al-Qa'eda in Diyala, Operation Arrowhead Ripper, is expected to last for weeks. The end state is to destroy the al-Qa'eda influences in this province and eliminate their threat against the people."
351:
As the example reflected, the sender's query came to an end. Further, no information on what kind of error and even gave several links to the receiver instead of elaborating the methods and put a technical detail after asking for help. In contrast, the BLUF email version
1243:
270:
who therefore prefer the main points and judgements plainly presented at the beginning. For example, CIA Reports and
Estimate 34-39's bottom-line-up-front judgment assessed Soviet intentions in Latin America, especially on what the Soviets would attempt:
481:
Providing information about the patient's condition together with the appropriate plans that are succinct and straight-to-the-point is vital to ensure that patients experience the best quality of healthcare and best medical outcome possible for them.
240:, BLUF may be considered desirable. It has also been advocated for scholarly articles. BLUF gives brevity in communication. This conciseness in communication comes from placing at the start the conclusion the summarized vital information and actions.
278:
This assessment suggests that potential Soviet actions in Latin
America may increase and do so nefariously. These types of BLUF judgments were discussed often at the U.S. National Security Council meetings after WWII up to the early 1950s.
1193:
196:
Military officers also use short BLUF to convey a positive review, such as "Bottom line up front, you should read this book. That said, while I do recommend it, it is not without some serious issues." As well as a negative review, as
91:) is the practice of beginning a message with its key information (the "bottom line"). This provides the reader with the most important information first. By extension, that information is also called a BLUF. It differs from an
1578:
Conoley, C. W.; Padula, M. A.; Payton, D. S. & Daniels, J. A. (1994). "Predictors of client implementation of counselor recommendations: Match with a problem, difficulty level, and building on client strengths".
1218:
309:
militant group is publicizing the terrorist activities of its supporters in the region as part of a media campaign to promote the group's network there, which encourage foreign fighters to travel to the region.
318:
especially under severe time constraints, when faced with numerous issues on a given timeframe, and when communication of essential information is necessary in dealing with high-pressure situations.
579:
Army Regulation 25–50, "Preparing and Managing Correspondence," Chapter 1-IV, Effective Writing and Correspondence: The Army Writing Style, 1–36b, Standards for Army writing, page 6 (17 May 2013)
1182:
706:
1156:
1219:""Bottom Line Up Front" (BLUF): Former Chief of Strategic Planning, Doctrine, and Policy at U.S. Air Force Space Command Outlines Briefing Strategy for SSI Junior Fellows"
297:
when, where, and why; (3) Be Economical – short enough to understand and covey all the details. Using of Active voice is highly mandates rather than using passive voice."
462:
BLUF writing in SEO does not mean there will be no conclusion towards the end of the article. The idea is to write a more succinct version in the starting paragraph.
365:
In the second message, the receiver already knows if he can help or he needs the assistance of another colleague. This will lead to a faster decision-making process.
1425:
322:
detailed chronology of all the events that led up to this point, people first report the BLUF or conclusion, then explain the premises that led to the conclusion.
219:
quickly transmit a focused message." This is applicable not only in the military letters but also in writing emails, conversations, digital media, and many more.
42:
397:. It entails that the messenger should be able to pitch a story as the elevator travels from one floor to another, which is approximately 30 seconds or less.
410:
For BLUF structured speech to work, all aspects of analysis must be understood such as "the critical success factors, the risks, the assumptions, and so on".
176:
The various support units of the military also use the BLUF to convey their study and findings, as shown in the following abstract from a medical journal:
416:
A clearly defined purpose must be kept in mind when structuring a speech in BLUF format: simple and measurable enough for a decision to be made possible.
255:). The BLUF model is designed to state upfront the purpose of the message and the required action to be taken. It is intended to respond quickly to the
136:
This flyer is for an upcoming conference at which we are exhibiting. I have included information about the upcoming classes we are offering, our contact
404:
In order to synthesize the details well, there should be a great deal of topic mastery or familiarity of the whole story on the side of the messenger.
377:
found that the number of meetings per person increased by 13.5%. Employees spent about 11.5% less time in meetings during the post-lockdown period.
264:: Effective 29 October 2013, all Air Force Doctrine Documents (AFDDs) have been rescinded and replaced by core doctrine volumes and doctrine annexes.
902:
1781:
413:
Since BLUF is audience-centric, salient points must be addressed clearly while taking into consideration the needs and background of the listener.
53:
1407:
346:
have any experience with this type of data transfer? If not do you know anyone else that has experience converting Oracle data to SQL Server?
702:
381:
marketers, for instance, presenters may show a timeline of a company's sales before and after it experienced a public relations crisis.
1108:
942:
143:
By putting the bottom line up front, the example above gives the receiver what is expected of them and the task's level of priority.
618:
360:
Do you know who can help us convert Oracle data to SQL Server? This is for the new project and we've encountered some challenges...
1145:
1626:
1686:
Pennathur, Priyadarshini R.; Bass, Ellen J.; Rayo, Michael F.; Perry, Shawna J.; Rosen, Michael; Gurses, Ayse P. (2012-09-01).
1535:
334:
The nature of BLUF writing is short and concise; hence, it helps reduce time most especially in the decision-making process.
972:
248:
readers can understand the message right away without sacrificing essential facts and without having to reread the message.
374:
251:
Army writing is effective when it is functional and satisfies the writer's and the intended readers' purposes effectively (
1436:
871:
736:
155:". One of the standards for army writing for correspondences includes the use of BLUF, as cited in the following text:
648:
71:
1002:
420:
A BLUF allows messengers to "think through relevant views and understand these ideas as our stakeholders see them".
1382:
885:
1478:
1356:
1551:
Simon, E. & Folen, R. (2001). "The role of the psychologist on the multidisciplinary pain management team".
750:
Thomas Duffy (September 4, 2017). "SECDEF Issues New Guidance on How to Answer Inquiries from Capitol Hill".
496:
244:
104:
1733:
Patterson, Emily S.; Weiss, Chad; Woods, Zachary; Mount-Campbell, Austin F.; Rayo, Michael J. (2013-09-01).
1816:
1460:
432:
578:
906:
428:
BLUF has been used in one program to help to quickly assess the most pressing problem facing a patient.
153:
Army Regulation 25–50: Information Management: Records Management: Preparing and Managing Correspondence
1289:
Aller, Betsy M; Mallak, Larry A; Lyth, David M (July–August 2005). "Talk It Up (and Down and Across)".
767:"Start the Right way: A Foundation for Improving Connection to Service and People in Medical Education"
448:
1268:
1126:
1031:
547:
337:
Below is an example of a traditional narrative email between colleagues who try to solve a problem:
131:
BLUF: I need you to approve both the design and content of the attached flyer by noon on August 10.
46:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
407:
Inputs must be comprehensive yet concise. In other words, wordiness and fillers must be avoided.
49:
1651:
1313:
863:
728:
20:
1101:
626:
1821:
950:
8:
1762:
1715:
491:
92:
1577:
1076:
886:"Communication Support – Student Academic Success Center – Carnegie Mellon University"
1811:
1754:
1707:
1531:
1039:
806:
Paddy Larkin; Jan Bartels (2020). "A Foreign Perspective on Legal Interoperability".
788:
555:
370:
237:
96:
1766:
1719:
1332:
591:
111:
not exclusive to writing since it can also be used in conversations and interviews.
1746:
1699:
1659:
1588:
1560:
778:
501:
452:
286:
The importance of BLUF in the intelligence community may be summarized as follows:
100:
1269:"Bottom Line Up Front (How to communicate effectively with Management) – LEARN.BA"
188:
Similarly, military lawyers use BLUF to summarize the key points of their reports:
168:; be direct and to the point using clear, concise, and straightforward language."
1317:
867:
821:
William F. Owen (Winter 2017–2018). "On Tactics: A Theory of Victory in Battle".
732:
394:
1504:
151:
The phrase "bottom line up front" comes from a 100-page long document entitled "
19:
This article is about the communication principle. For other BLUF acronyms, see
1564:
206:
1782:"Get to the Point: 5 Tips for Efficient Member Communications During a Crisis"
1607:
1310:"Get to the Point: 5 Tips for Efficient Member Communications During a Crisis"
1309:
973:"Being Direct 1: Martin Krieger's 'Bottom Line Up Front' – writingmatterssite"
859:
724:
1805:
1758:
1750:
1711:
1703:
1592:
1043:
783:
766:
559:
526:
1735:"Online Training for Resilient Communication during Shift Change Handovers"
1734:
1687:
792:
253:
adequate to accomplish a purpose; producing the intended or expected result
1288:
998:
860:"Effective Writing for Army Leaders: The Army Writing Standard Redefined"
676:
233:
1461:
https://www.ou.edu/content/dam/cins/docs/BLUF-Writing-Guide.pdf%7Ctitle=
1663:
1463:
How to Write an Intelligence Product in the Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF)
1739:
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
1692:
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
1333:"BLUF: The Military Standard That Can Make Your Writing More Powerful"
592:"BLUF: The Military Standard That Can Make Your Writing More Powerful"
1077:"SOVIET CAPABILITIES AND INTENTIONS IN LATIN AMERICA (CIA/RE 34–49)"
205:: As physicist Wolfgang Pauli famously quipped, "This is not right.
1652:"The Importance of Effective Communication in Healthcare Practice"
1732:
1627:"Healthcare Miscommunication Costs 2,000 Lives And $ 1.7 Billion"
400:
The following are some tips on using BLUF in project management:
393:
The BLUF approach to sales talk, for example, is also called the
256:
1426:"Keys to Effective Health Promotion (based around a BLUF model)"
1383:"Meetings are shorter, but there's more of them in the pandemic"
931:(11th ed.). Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's. p. 578.
1530:. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, LLC. p. 22.
1020:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. pp. 253–254.
927:
Alred, Gerald J.; Brusaw, Charles T.; Oliu, Walter E. (2015).
725:"Leadership and Military Writing Direct, Organized, Strategic"
1062:
Damien McElroy, "US offensive in Iraq uses Vietnam tactics,"
506:
840:
John J. Hernandez (Fall 2009). "Kansas Air National Guard".
1528:
Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Approaches in Primary Care
764:
43:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1515:(1). American Psychological Association's publication: 42.
124:(events or prior decisions) that led to the bottom line.
844:. Vol. 23, no. 3. Maxwell AFB. pp. 31–33.
805:
1685:
999:"Bottom Line Up Front: write to make decisions faster"
384:
99:
in that it is simpler and more concise, similar to a
1223:
The Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies
820:
703:"Use the BLUF approach to organize your reflections"
1681:
1679:
470:BLUF communication may also be used in healthcare.
1550:
1502:
1496:
1357:"BLUF: How These 4 Letters Simplify Communication"
649:"BLUF: How These 4 Letters Simplify Communication"
572:
236:to prevent it being too long or wordy. In certain
1018:The Basics of Media Writing: A Strategic Approach
839:
139:information, and a list of the services we offer.
1803:
1688:"Handoff Communication: Implications For Design"
1676:
519:
1244:"Second Order Effects Can Ruin Good Intentions"
926:
1553:Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
1408:"6 Ways To Enliven A Data-Packed Presentation"
1405:
1127:" "How to Write Email with Military Precision"
810:. No. 2. Charlottesville. pp. 20–21.
765:Ofir Noah Nevo; Laura Lambert (Sep–Oct 2020).
465:
431:The BLUF method is most useful as part of the
423:
1380:
1015:
1032:"How to Write Email with Military Precision"
895:
749:
613:
611:
548:"How to Write Email with Military Precision"
243:In journalistic writing, BLUF resembles the
1624:
1016:Kuehn, Scott A.; Lingwall, Andress (2018).
325:
1505:"Supplying therapy where it's needed most"
1479:"BLUF Communication in Project Management"
619:"Leaders Inc. Interview Preparation Guide"
1608:"What Is the Goal of SEO for Businesses?"
782:
608:
72:Learn how and when to remove this message
1418:
1605:
1330:
1143:
853:
851:
718:
716:
589:
1804:
1525:
1124:
935:
754:. Vol. 30, no. 5. Arlington.
700:
171:
1649:
1473:
1471:
1469:
996:
752:Inside the Pentagon's Inside the Navy
451:(SEO) writing is an integral part of
438:should not be too difficult to follow
1779:
1307:
848:
713:
671:
669:
375:National Bureau of Economic Research
213:
25:
1606:Gibbons, Matthew (11 August 2020).
1503:Christopher Munsey (January 2007).
1180:
857:
13:
1466:
1406:Morey Stettner (16 January 2018).
1144:Scotten, Ali (February 11, 2011).
1125:Sehgal, Kabir (22 November 2016).
722:
385:In planning and project management
312:
14:
1833:
1146:"Writing Effective Policy Papers"
666:
443:
1581:Journal of Counseling Psychology
1331:Asplund, Jan-Erik (2019-09-09).
1114:from the original on 2021-01-10.
1005:from the original on 2020-08-11.
874:from the original on 2021-07-02.
829:(4). Carlisle Barracks: 125–126.
739:from the original on 2021-07-02.
709:from the original on 2020-10-13.
701:Raisor, Cindy (March 16, 2017).
590:Asplund, Jan-Erik (2019-09-09).
536:– via The Free Dictionary.
30:
1773:
1726:
1643:
1618:
1599:
1571:
1544:
1519:
1454:
1399:
1374:
1349:
1324:
1301:
1282:
1261:
1236:
1211:
1199:from the original on 2019-11-02
1174:
1162:from the original on 2013-11-26
1137:
1118:
1094:
1069:
1066:; London (UK) June 20, 2007:O18
1056:
1024:
1009:
997:Strom, Matthew (May 17, 2020).
990:
965:
920:
878:
833:
814:
799:
758:
743:
433:cognitive-behavioral approaches
694:
641:
583:
540:
1:
929:Handbook of Technical Writing
842:Air & Space Power Journal
512:
497:Inverted pyramid (journalism)
222:
1656:Harvard Public Health Review
1308:Welu, Joe (April 24, 2020).
7:
1650:Ratna, Haran (2019-09-19).
1183:"How to Write Policy Memos"
777:(suppl. 3). Oxford: 46–51.
485:
466:In healthcare communication
424:In psychological assessment
10:
1840:
1565:10.1037/0735-7028.32.2.125
449:Search engine optimization
114:
18:
1412:Investor's Business Daily
1153:The University of Arizona
146:
1780:Welu, Joe (2020-04-24).
1751:10.1177/1541931213571319
1704:10.1177/1071181312561181
1593:10.1037/0022-0167.41.1.3
326:In digital communication
107:practice in journalism.
1131:Harvard Business Review
1036:Harvard Business Review
552:Harvard Business Review
294:Harvard Business Review
103:, and it resembles the
1526:Morris, Harry (2010).
1190:Harvard Kennedy School
784:10.1093/milmed/usaa161
677:"Bottom Line Up Front"
363:
349:
276:
211:
194:
186:
161:
52:by rewriting it in an
1509:Monitor on Psychology
1297:(4). Norcross: 27–31.
1291:Industrial Management
1102:"BLUF Writing Format"
354:
339:
272:
199:
190:
178:
157:
21:BLUF (disambiguation)
203:bottom line up front
182:Bottom Line Up Front
166:Bottom Line Up Front
89:bottom line up front
16:Bottom line up front
1817:Human communication
1483:www.brighthubpm.com
1381:Samantha Schwartz.
1361:The Persimmon Group
1064:The Daily Telegraph
858:Desirae, Gieseman.
653:The Persimmon Group
207:It isn't even wrong
172:Use in the military
1786:Credit Union Times
1631:Health IT Outcomes
1083:. 14 November 1950
492:Abstract (summary)
54:encyclopedic style
41:is written like a
1625:Kern, Christine.
1537:978-0-8261-0384-0
1248:pedanticposts.com
1181:Brodsky, Lauren.
771:Military Medicine
723:McNitt, Allyson.
371:COVID-19 pandemic
238:technical writing
214:Effective writing
97:executive summary
82:
81:
74:
1829:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1745:(1): 1427–1431.
1730:
1724:
1723:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1664:10.54111/0001/W4
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1475:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1435:. Archived from
1430:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1198:
1187:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1150:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1073:
1067:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1007:
1006:
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:
977:sites.google.com
969:
963:
962:
960:
958:
949:. Archived from
939:
933:
932:
924:
918:
917:
915:
914:
905:. Archived from
899:
893:
892:
890:
882:
876:
875:
855:
846:
845:
837:
831:
830:
818:
812:
811:
803:
797:
796:
786:
762:
756:
755:
747:
741:
740:
720:
711:
710:
698:
692:
691:
689:
688:
681:matthewstrom.com
673:
664:
663:
661:
660:
645:
639:
638:
636:
634:
625:. Archived from
615:
606:
605:
603:
602:
587:
581:
576:
570:
569:
567:
566:
544:
538:
537:
535:
533:
523:
502:Thesis statement
453:online marketing
245:inverted pyramid
105:inverted pyramid
101:thesis statement
77:
70:
66:
63:
57:
34:
33:
26:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1790:
1788:
1778:
1774:
1731:
1727:
1684:
1677:
1668:
1666:
1648:
1644:
1635:
1633:
1623:
1619:
1604:
1600:
1576:
1572:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1524:
1520:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1486:
1477:
1476:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1404:
1400:
1391:
1389:
1379:
1375:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1339:
1329:
1325:
1306:
1302:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1228:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1086:
1084:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1014:
1010:
995:
991:
981:
979:
971:
970:
966:
956:
954:
941:
940:
936:
925:
921:
912:
910:
903:"eWrite Online"
901:
900:
896:
888:
884:
883:
879:
856:
849:
838:
834:
819:
815:
808:The Army Lawyer
804:
800:
763:
759:
748:
744:
721:
714:
699:
695:
686:
684:
675:
674:
667:
658:
656:
647:
646:
642:
632:
630:
617:
616:
609:
600:
598:
588:
584:
577:
573:
564:
562:
546:
545:
541:
531:
529:
525:
524:
520:
515:
488:
468:
446:
426:
395:elevator speech
387:
328:
315:
313:In conversation
225:
216:
174:
149:
117:
78:
67:
61:
58:
50:help improve it
47:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1837:
1836:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1798:
1797:
1772:
1725:
1698:(1): 863–866.
1675:
1642:
1617:
1598:
1570:
1559:(2): 125–134.
1543:
1536:
1518:
1495:
1465:
1453:
1417:
1398:
1373:
1348:
1323:
1300:
1281:
1271:. 12 June 2019
1260:
1250:. May 23, 2010
1235:
1210:
1173:
1136:
1117:
1093:
1068:
1055:
1038:. 2016-11-22.
1023:
1008:
989:
964:
934:
919:
894:
877:
847:
832:
813:
798:
757:
742:
712:
693:
665:
640:
623:leadersinc.com
607:
582:
571:
554:. 2016-11-22.
539:
517:
516:
514:
511:
510:
509:
504:
499:
494:
487:
484:
467:
464:
445:
444:In SEO writing
442:
425:
422:
418:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
386:
383:
327:
324:
314:
311:
224:
221:
215:
212:
173:
170:
148:
145:
116:
113:
80:
79:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1835:
1834:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1680:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1462:
1457:
1442:on 2007-07-16
1438:
1434:
1427:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1270:
1264:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1110:
1103:
1097:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1019:
1012:
1004:
1000:
993:
978:
974:
968:
953:on 2007-12-16
952:
948:
944:
938:
930:
923:
909:on 2008-06-20
908:
904:
898:
887:
881:
873:
869:
865:
861:
854:
852:
843:
836:
828:
824:
817:
809:
802:
794:
790:
785:
780:
776:
772:
768:
761:
753:
746:
738:
734:
730:
726:
719:
717:
708:
704:
697:
683:. 17 May 2020
682:
678:
672:
670:
654:
650:
644:
629:on 2008-04-20
628:
624:
620:
614:
612:
597:
593:
586:
580:
575:
561:
557:
553:
549:
543:
528:
522:
518:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
483:
479:
475:
471:
463:
460:
456:
454:
450:
441:
439:
434:
429:
421:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
402:
401:
398:
396:
391:
382:
378:
376:
372:
366:
362:
361:
358:
353:
348:
347:
343:
338:
335:
332:
323:
319:
310:
306:
302:
298:
295:
290:
287:
284:
280:
275:
271:
267:
265:
263:
258:
254:
249:
246:
241:
239:
235:
229:
220:
210:
208:
204:
198:
193:
189:
185:
183:
177:
169:
167:
160:
156:
154:
144:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
128:
127:For example:
125:
121:
112:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
76:
73:
65:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
28:
27:
22:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
1775:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1695:
1691:
1667:. Retrieved
1655:
1645:
1634:. Retrieved
1630:
1620:
1611:
1601:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1527:
1521:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1487:. Retrieved
1485:. 2017-07-31
1482:
1456:
1444:. Retrieved
1437:the original
1432:
1420:
1411:
1401:
1390:. Retrieved
1386:
1376:
1365:. Retrieved
1363:. 2019-09-26
1360:
1351:
1340:. Retrieved
1336:
1326:
1303:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1273:. Retrieved
1263:
1252:. Retrieved
1247:
1238:
1227:. Retrieved
1225:. 2015-12-03
1222:
1213:
1201:. Retrieved
1189:
1176:
1164:. Retrieved
1152:
1139:
1130:
1120:
1096:
1085:. Retrieved
1080:
1071:
1063:
1058:
1047:. Retrieved
1035:
1026:
1017:
1011:
992:
980:. Retrieved
976:
967:
955:. Retrieved
951:the original
946:
937:
928:
922:
911:. Retrieved
907:the original
897:
880:
841:
835:
826:
822:
816:
807:
801:
774:
770:
760:
751:
745:
696:
685:. Retrieved
680:
657:. Retrieved
655:. 2019-09-25
652:
643:
631:. Retrieved
627:the original
622:
599:. Retrieved
595:
585:
574:
563:. Retrieved
551:
542:
530:. Retrieved
521:
480:
476:
472:
469:
461:
457:
447:
437:
430:
427:
419:
399:
392:
388:
379:
367:
364:
359:
356:
355:
350:
344:
341:
340:
336:
333:
329:
320:
316:
307:
303:
299:
293:
291:
288:
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
261:
260:
252:
250:
242:
230:
226:
217:
202:
201:"Here's the
200:
195:
191:
187:
181:
179:
175:
165:
162:
158:
152:
150:
142:
138:
135:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
118:
109:
88:
84:
83:
68:
59:
40:
1822:Newswriting
1081:www.cia.gov
62:August 2021
1806:Categories
1791:2021-03-14
1669:2021-03-14
1636:2021-03-14
1587:(1): 3–7.
1489:2021-03-14
1392:2023-03-07
1367:2023-03-07
1342:2021-03-11
1318:2394435660
1275:2021-03-08
1254:2023-03-07
1229:2021-03-13
1087:2023-03-07
1049:2021-03-07
947:gijobs.net
913:2007-11-21
868:1709826966
823:Parameters
733:2491992549
687:2021-03-09
659:2021-03-11
601:2021-03-09
565:2021-03-09
513:References
223:In writing
1759:2169-5067
1712:2169-5067
1612:webfx.com
1203:March 13,
1166:March 13,
1044:0017-8012
943:"GI Jobs"
560:0017-8012
301:details.
1812:Planning
1767:72461696
1720:72248193
1433:army.mil
1387:CIO Dive
1314:ProQuest
1194:Archived
1157:Archived
1109:Archived
1003:Archived
872:Archived
864:ProQuest
793:32776105
737:Archived
729:ProQuest
707:Archived
486:See also
197:follows:
93:abstract
1337:Animalz
596:Animalz
257:five Ws
115:Purpose
48:Please
1765:
1757:
1718:
1710:
1658:(23).
1534:
1446:17 May
1316:
1042:
982:17 May
957:17 May
866:
791:
731:
633:17 May
558:
532:17 May
527:"BLUF"
373:, the
234:résumé
147:Origin
1763:S2CID
1716:S2CID
1440:(PDF)
1429:(PDF)
1197:(PDF)
1186:(PDF)
1160:(PDF)
1149:(PDF)
1112:(PDF)
1105:(PDF)
889:(PDF)
507:TL;DR
292:In a
1755:ISSN
1708:ISSN
1532:ISBN
1448:2017
1205:2021
1168:2021
1040:ISSN
984:2017
959:2017
789:PMID
635:2017
556:ISSN
534:2017
357:Jim,
342:Jim,
262:BLUF
85:BLUF
1747:doi
1700:doi
1660:doi
1589:doi
1561:doi
779:doi
775:185
352:is:
95:or
1808::
1784:.
1761:.
1753:.
1743:57
1741:.
1737:.
1714:.
1706:.
1696:56
1694:.
1690:.
1678:^
1654:.
1629:.
1610:.
1585:41
1583:.
1557:32
1555:.
1513:38
1511:.
1507:.
1481:.
1468:^
1431:.
1410:.
1385:.
1359:.
1335:.
1312:.
1295:47
1293:.
1246:.
1221:.
1192:.
1188:.
1155:.
1151:.
1129:.
1107:.
1079:.
1034:.
1001:.
975:.
945:.
870:.
862:.
850:^
827:47
825:.
787:.
773:.
769:.
735:.
727:.
715:^
705:.
679:.
668:^
651:.
621:.
610:^
594:.
550:.
1794:.
1769:.
1749::
1722:.
1702::
1672:.
1662::
1639:.
1614:.
1595:.
1591::
1567:.
1563::
1540:.
1492:.
1450:.
1414:.
1395:.
1370:.
1345:.
1320:.
1278:.
1257:.
1232:.
1207:.
1170:.
1133:.
1090:.
1052:.
986:.
961:.
916:.
891:.
795:.
781::
690:.
662:.
637:.
604:.
568:.
180:"
87:(
75:)
69:(
64:)
60:(
56:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.