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1,000 and the use of them grew exponentially, becoming a hallmark feature of instant messaging. In 2002, AOL introduced "Super
Buddies," 3D animated icons that talked to users as they typed messages and read messages. The term Avatar began to replace the moniker of "buddy icon" as 3D customizable icons became known to its users from the mainstream popularity of PC Games. Yahoo's instant messenger was the first to adopt the term "avatar" for its icons. Instant messaging avatars were usually very small; AIM icons have been as small as 16×16 pixels but are used more commonly at the 48×48 pixel size, although many icons can be found online that typically measure anywhere from 50×50 pixels to 100×100 pixels in size.
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374:. In this game, Garriott desired the player's character to be their Earth self manifested into the virtual world. Due to the ethical content of his story, Garriott wanted the real player to be responsible for their character; he thought only someone playing "themselves" could be properly judged based on their in-game actions. Because of its ethically nuanced narrative approach, he took the Hindu word associated with a deity's manifestation on earth in physical form, and applied it to a player in the game world. Other early uses of the term include
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1538:(the perceived viability of something realistically existing). Perceived agency influences people's responses in the interaction regardless of who or what is actually controlling the representation. An earlier meta-analysis of studies comparing agents and avatars found that both agency and perceived agency mattered: representations controlled by humans were more persuasive than those controlled by bots, and representations believed to be controlled by humans were more persuasive than those believed to be controlled by bots.
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player's offline identity, based on gender. However, most players will make an avatar that is (proportionately) equal to their height (or slightly taller). Turkle has observed that some players seek an emotional connection they cannot establish in the real world. She described a case in which a man with a serious heart condition preventing him from ordinary socializing found acceptance and friendship through his online identity. Others have pointed out similar findings in those with
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1564:"at home" in their avatars, designers should maximise the customizability of visual criteria common to humans, such as skin and hair color, age, gender, hair styles and height. Researchers at York University studied whether avatars reflected a user's real-life personality. Student test groups were able to infer upon extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, but could not infer upon openness and conscientiousness.
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951:, players construct a wholly customized portrait, using a software that allows for several changes to facial structure as well as preset hairstyles, skin tones, etc. However, these portraits appear only in in-game chats and static information view of other players. Usually, all players appear in gigantic spacecraft that give no view of their pilot, unlike in most other RPGs. Alternatively,
965:'s 2007 book "Alter Ego, Avatars and their creators" pairs photographs of players of a variety of MMO's with images of their in-game avatars and profiles; recording the player's motivations and intentions in designing and using their avatars. The survey reveals wide variation in the ways in which players of MMO's use avatars.
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Authors: Alisa
Kongthon, Chatchawal Sangkeettrakarn, Sarawoot Kongyoung and Choochart Haruechaiyasak. Published by ACM 2009 Article, Bibliometrics Data Bibliometrics. Published in: Proceeding, MEDES '09 Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems, ACM New
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characters. A whole ecosystem of talent agencies and investors exists to manage these online personalities, which often differ from the creator's real-life persona. YouTube's 2020 Culture and Trends report highlighted VTubers as one of the notable trends of that year, with 1.5 billion views per month
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Many modern virtual worlds provide users with advanced tools to customize their representations, allowing them to change shapes, hair, skins and also genre. Moreover, there is a secondary industry devoted to the creations of products and items for the avatars. Some companies have also launched social
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of a person's inworld self. Such representations are a tool which facilitates the exploration of the virtual universe, or acts as a focal point in conversations with other users, and can be customized by the user. Usually, the purpose and appeal of such universes is to provide a large enhancement to
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or user ID. These serve as a means to associate a particular user with a particular geometric representation. When used with an IP address, a particular anonymous user can be visually identified without the need for registration or authentication. If an account is compromised, a dissimilar identicon
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were the first to use them; the earliest forums did not include avatars as a default feature, and they were included in unofficial "hacks" before eventually being made standard. Avatars on
Internet forums serve the purpose of representing users and their actions, personalizing their contributions to
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described a middle-aged man who played an aggressive, confrontational female character in his online communities, displaying personality traits he was embarrassed to display in the offline world. Research by Nick Yee of the
Daedelus Project demonstrates that an avatar may differ considerably from a
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The
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication published a study of the reactions to certain types of avatars by a sample group of human users. The results showed that users commonly chose avatars which were humanoid and matched their gender. The conclusion was that in order to make users feel more
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studies, which is concerned with all aspects of identity in a technological society. Across the literature, scholars have focused on three overlapping aspects that influence users' perceptions of the social potential of avatars: agency, anthropomorphism, and realism. According to researchers K. L.
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platforms. There is a practice in social media sites: uploading avatars in place of real profile image. Profile picture is a distinct graphics that represent the identity of profile holder. It is usually the portrait of an individual, logo of an organization, organizational building or distinctive
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introduced instant messaging for its membership in 1996 and included a limited number of "buddy icons," picking up on the avatar idea from PC games. When AOL later introduced the free version of its messenger, AIM, for use by anyone on the
Internet, the number of icons offered grew to be more than
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is used in a description of a computer generated virtual experience. In the story, humans receive messages from an alien galactic network that wishes to share knowledge and experience with other advanced civilizations through "songs". The humans build a "galactic receiver" that allows its users to
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The idea of a "virtual reality" such as the
Metaverse is by now widespread in the computer-graphics community and is being used in a number of different ways. The particular vision of the Metaverse as expressed in this novel originated from idle discussion between me and Jaime (Captain Bandwidth)
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Additionally, researchers have investigated how anthropomorphic representations influence communicative outcomes and found that more human-like representations are judged more favorably; people consider them more attractive, credible, and competent. Higher levels of anthropomorphism also lead to
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Academic research has focused on how avatars can influence the outcomes of communication and digital identity. Users can employ avatars with fictional characteristics to gain social acceptance or ease social interaction. However, studies have found that the majority of users choose avatars that
1447:, to protest copyright law changes in New Zealand. Globally, protesters replaced their icons with black squares to show solidarity. The protest was successful and proved the method effective at both raising awareness and effecting change. Campaigns have used this method include:
1551:, Paul Hemp analysed the effects of avatars on real-world business. He focuses on the game "Second Life", demonstrating that the creators of virtual avatars are willing to spend real money to purchase goods marketed solely to their virtual selves. In addition, research in
719:, where a pixelized representation of a person or creature is used, which can then be customized to the user's wishes. There are also avatar systems (e.g. Trutoon) where a representation is created using a person's face with customized characters and backgrounds.
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higher involvement, social presence, and communication satisfaction. Moreover, people communicate more naturally with more anthropomorphic avatars. Anthropomorphism is also tied to social influence, as more human-like representations can be more persuasive.
2014:, Randy Farmer is quoted (p.454): "It is important to realize that the term 'avatar' was used in another game later in that period (Ultima IV) and that the concept of an 'avatar' was in several works of fiction prior to the development of Habitat including
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in which avatars, homes, decorations, buildings and land are for sale. Less-common items may be designed to appear better than common items, and an experienced player may be identified from a group of new characters before in-game statistics are seen.
1076:. With the update installed users can personalize the look of their Avatars by choosing from a range of clothing and facial features. In October 2018, Microsoft launched a new version of their Xbox avatars for Xbox One and Xbox on
688:, for example) square-shaped area close to the user's forum post, where the avatar is placed in order for other users to easily identify who has written the post without having to read their username. Some forums allow the user to
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an avatar image that may have been designed by the user or acquired from elsewhere. Other forums allow the user to select an avatar from a preset list or use an auto-discovery algorithm to extract one from the user's homepage.
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You stand in a throng of multifleshed being, mind avatared in all its matter, on a broad avenue winding through a city of blue trees with bright red foliage and living buildings growing from the soil in a multitude of
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which provides a little more structure than those using NLP, offering the user options and clearly defined paths to an outcome. This kind of avatar is known as a
Structured Language Processing or SLP Avatar.
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In some games, the player's representation is fixed, however many games offer a basic character model, or template, and then allow customization of the physical features as the player sees fit. For example,
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It was first used in the context of virtual worlds in the pioneering
Habitat system of the mid 1980s (Morningstar and Farmer, 1991) and popularized by Stephenson's (1992) science-fiction novel Snow Crash.
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Sloan, R. J. S., Robinson, B., Cook, M., and Bown, J. (2008). "Dynamic
Emotional Expression Choreography: Perception of Naturalistic Facial Expressions". In M. Capey, B. Ip and F. Blastland, editors,
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Avatars have become an area of study in the world of academics. According to psychiatrist David Brunski, the emergence of online avatars have implications for domains of scholarly research such as
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has a customizable avatar where users can dress it up as desired. Users may earn credits for completing sponsored surveys or certain tasks to purchase items and upgrades to customize their avatar.
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Lisa Nakamura has suggested that customizable avatars in non-gaming worlds tend to be biased towards lighter skin colors and against darker skin colors, especially in those of the male gender. In
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Fox, J.; Ahn, S. J.; Janssen, J. H.; Yeykelis, L.; Segovia, K. Y.; Bailenson, J. N. (2015). "Avatars versus agents: A metaanalysis quantifying the effects of agency on social influence".
1156:, which has the player use a custom avatar to interact in a virtual 3D world; after peaking in 2007, its user count declined due to the encroachment of more traditional platforms such as
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and other online communities. This is also known as a profile picture or userpic, or in early Internet parlance, a 'picon' (personal icon). With the advent of social media platforms like
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in order to interact with consumers and users of services. This can avail for enterprises to reduce their operating and training cost. A major underlying technology to such systems is
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content for education, onboarding, employee training and more. Photorealistic 3D AI avatars have been used as stand-ins for real actors via video editing tools like those made by
1233:. Some evidence suggests that avatars that are more anthropomorphic are perceived to be less credible and likeable than images that are less anthropomorphic. Social scientists at
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common online conversation capabilities, and to allow the user to peacefully develop a portion of a non-gaming universe without being forced to strive towards a pre-defined goal.
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232:, or a virtual character that diverges from the real world. Often, these are customised to show support for different causes, or to create a unique online representation.
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via Second Life avatars suggested important considerations related to research participant engagement, burden, and retention, as well as accuracy of the data collected.
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Westerman, D.; Tamborini, R.; Bowman, N. D. (2015). "The effects of static avatars on impression formation across different contexts on social networking sites".
746:(also known as Sierra On-Line) game and chat hybrid. In 1994, Virtual Places offered VOIP capabilities which were later abandoned for lack of bandwidth. In 1996
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938:, reveal very little of themselves (the original game never showed the player what he looked like without the use of a console command for third-person view).
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and other early systems, they were a construct composed of text. The term has been also sometimes extended to refer to the personality connected with the
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Nowak, K. L.; Fox, J. (2018). "Avatars and Computer-Mediated Communication: A Review of the Definitions, Uses, and Effects of Digital Representations".
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of multiple images played repeatedly. In such animated avatars, the number of images as well as the time in which they are replayed vary considerably.
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Wood, Natalie T.; Solomon, Michael R.; Englis, Basil G. (2005). "Personalization of Online Avatars: Is the Messenger as Important as the Message?".
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To meet the demand for millions of unique, customised avatars, generator tools and services have been created. Many of them, such as the website
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while the less talented would buy off-the-shelf models in the same manner a beginner would today. Stephenson wrote in the "Acknowledgments" to
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offers one of the most detailed and comprehensive in-game avatar creation processes, allowing players to construct anything from traditional
116:, as used in online worlds and video games, or an imaginary character with no graphical appearance, as in text-based games or worlds such as
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Gong, L (2008). "How social is social responses to computers? The function of the degree of anthropomorphism in computer representations".
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Another form of use for avatars is for video chats/calls. Some services, such as Skype (through some external plugins) allow users to use
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within the Metaverse was often based on the quality of a user's avatar, as a highly detailed avatar showed that the user was a skilled
3113:"Join the Internet Blackout - Protest Against Guilt Upon Accusation Laws in NZ — Creative Freedom Foundation (Creativefreedom.org.nz)"
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Some people add visual details or effects to their avatars to show support for a movement or issue, in a similar way to a physical
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Holzwarth, Martin; Janiszewski, Chris; Neumann, Marcus (2006). "The Influence of Avatars on Online Consumer Shopping Behavior".
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we think we will be presenting ourselves, but our profile ends up as somebody else – often the fantasy of who we want to be".
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Kang, S. H.; Watt, J. H. (2013). "The Impact of Avatar Realism and Anonymity on Effective Communication via Mobile Devices".
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which in turn fosters reciprocity and sharing behavior in online environments. According to MIT professor Sherry Turkle: "...
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are the player's representation in the game world. The first video games to include a representation of the player were
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console also featured the use of avatars, but with a more realistic style than Nintendo's Miis or Microsoft's Avatars.
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Turkle, Sherry. "Alone Together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other" Basic Books (2011): 153.
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during video calls, replacing the image from the user's camera with an animated, talking avatar. Through the use of
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Another avatar-based system is one wherein an image is automatically generated based on the identity of the poster.
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depending upon player actions. One video game in which the avatar and player are two separate entities is the game
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Cartoons and stories sometimes have a character based on their creator, either a fictionalised version (e.g. the
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have added avatars. With a paid subscription, users can select individual identities for different communities.
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Yellow tint: Beginning June 17, 2009, to protest the increasing size and role of the United States government.
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Damer, B. F. Avatars! Exploring and Building Virtual Worlds on the Internet. Berkeley: Peach Pit Press, 1997.
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character of book, cover page etc. Using avatars as profile pictures can increase users' perceived level of
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Brunskill, David (December 2013). "Social media, social avatars and the psyche: is Facebook good for us?".
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for the on-screen representation of the user was coined in 1985 by Richard Garriott for the computer game
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extended the term to an on-screen user representation in 1985, and the term gained wider adoption in
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also used the term to refer to players within the game world. A later example is Linden Lab's
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224:. They can take the form of an image of one's real-life self, as often seen on platforms like
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3708:"In dialogue with an avatar, language behavior is identical to dialogue with a human partner"
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are formed as visually distinct geometric images derived from a digest hash of the poster's
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officially supported these efforts by adding the option for several frames supporting the
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The earliest avatars of this form were text-based descriptions employed by players within
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has actually been in use for a number of years as part of a virtual reality system called
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is one of the most important entertainment aspects in non gaming virtual worlds, such as
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The traditional avatar system used on most Internet forums is a small (80x80 to 100x100
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are my inventions, which I came up with when I decided that existing words (such as
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French flag tint: Beginning November 13, 2015 to show support for France after the
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Hemp, Paul. "Avatar-based marketing." Harvard Business Review 84.6 (2006): 48–57.
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Understanding Resource Sharing in C2C Platforms: The Role of Picture Humanization
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Morabito, Margaret. "Enter the Online World of LucasFilm." Run Aug. 1986: 24–28
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added a VTuber tag for streams as part of a wider expansion of its tag system.
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includes many of the basic features of the Metaverse as described in this book.
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2681:"This is the easiest way to pretend to be an octopus pretending to be a human"
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1237:'s Virtual Human Interaction Lab examine the implications, possibilities, and
815:. Some of these avatars are commonly known as "bots". Famous examples include
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Early examples of customizable avatars include multi-user systems, including
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avatars are created by residents and take any form, and range from lifelike
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2465:"What Is The Metaverse—And Why Does Mark Zuckerberg Care So Much About It?"
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2015:
1691:"How gaming turned a Hindu concept into the internet's most common feature"
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Researchers have also studied avatars that differ from real-life identity.
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allows the user to interact with other avatars in custom environments, and
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913:, may also reveal something of its character. A good example is the crude,
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2924:"Me, My Self, My Character, and I: Role-playing Identities in Ludic Space"
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Aside from an avatar's physical appearance, its dialogue, particularly in
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will be formed as the attacker is posting from an unfamiliar IP address.
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engage in "artificial realities". One experience is described as such:
200:. Nowadays, avatars are used in a variety of online settings including
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featured an avatar creator, to align with its new all-digital nature.
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2655:"U.S fund invests USD 2 mln in Romanian animation software developer"
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Implementing an online help desk system based on conversational agent
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was used to describe the virtual simulation of the human form in the
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Graphical representation of a user or a user's alter ego or character
3224:"How to add 'I got my COVID vaccine' frame to your Facebook profile"
819:'s Anna, an avatar designed to guide users around the IKEA website.
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474:) were simply too awkward to use ... after the first publication of
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2783:"YouTube Culture & Trends – Data and Cultural Analysis for You"
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Cyberpower: The Culture and Politics of Cyberspace and the Internet
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advocates have used profile frames to state their opposition to it.
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to be based upon herself). Such characters are sometimes known as "
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Another use of the avatar has emerged with the widespread use of
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Rainbow patterns to represent membership or solidarity with the
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2840:"Everyone's making digital avatars, and none of them are great"
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I, Avatar: The Culture and Consequences of Having a Second Life
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Avatars: Exploring and Building Virtual Worlds on the Internet
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smartphones lets users create animated avatars of themselves.
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to aliens, medieval knights, monsters, robots, and many more.
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3369:"People Can Predict Your Personality From Your Online Avatar"
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1534:(how much the form of the avatar resembles the player), and
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The player character picks up a sword in the 1989 video game
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client that used cartoon avatars for chatting, was released.
685:
3899:
SAND Conference Proceedings, Swansea, UK 24–28 November 2008
1905:"What Research Says About the Best Profile Picture | Buffer"
613:
An avatar can refer to a two-dimensional picture akin to an
312:
288:
176:
152:
4052:
3907:
International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising
3835:
2575:
2057:
1226:
1085:
884:, can be dressed in a wide range of clothing, can be given
816:
716:
664:
Despite the widespread use of avatars, it is unknown which
303:
282:
167:
146:
100:
and other online communities, where they are also known as
4047:
4019:
2760:
2707:"Create professional videos with 140+ diverse AI avatars"
2576:
VHIL: Virtual Human Interaction Lab - Stanford University
2537:
Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity, and Identity on the Internet
1487:
on the faces of characters and avatars. Websites such as
1042:
1030:
751:
739:
297:
276:
161:
140:
32:
Advanced Video Attribute Terminal Assembler and Recreator
3643:
2393:"Microsoft starts testing new diverse Xbox Live avatars"
609:, with his photo next to his name at the top of the post
3705:
2587:
Teubner, T.; Adam, M.; Camacho S; Hassanein K. (2014).
1784:"Embodiment and copresence in collaborative interfaces"
1662:
Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals
1412:, are based around works by original artists. The 2021
2267:"Alter Ego, Portraits of Gamers next to their Avatars"
1838:
Cyberseduction: Reality in the Age of Psychotechnology
669:
the forum, and may represent different parts of their
3608:
2192:, The Golden Age Arcade Historian (November 22, 2013)
2079:"Virtual World Games Like OurWorld - Find Me Similar"
1443:
The awareness avatar may have first been used in the
1160:. More recently, the concept has been combined with
294:
158:
3302:"Threads of the Metaverse — A Comparative Framework"
3037:
Pariah S. Burke, Macworld.com (September 21, 2009).
1782:
Gerhard, Michael; Moore, David; Hobbs, Dave (2004).
1068:
Dashboard update which featured the introduction of
807:
Such avatars are used by organizations as a part of
673:, beliefs, interests or social status in the forum.
309:
300:
285:
279:
173:
164:
149:
143:
2280:"The True Origin Of Nintendo Miis May Surprise You"
1041:
consoles allow for the creation of avatars called "
306:
273:
170:
137:
1896:
1660:Salamone, Frank A. (2004). Levinson, David (ed.).
1305:use animated avatars designed in software such as
3904:
3196:Sanders, Sam; Mutnick, Ally (November 21, 2015).
2419:"There's no longer a place like PlayStation Home"
2007:
1931:"What Your Facebook Profile Photo Says About You"
1781:
1520:Novak and J. Fox, researchers must differentiate
437:, a fictional virtual-reality application on the
409:to mean online virtual bodies was popularised by
4340:
3706:Heyselaar, E.; Hagoort, P.; Segaert, K. (2017).
3140:"Ed Menendez Blog - Bush + Obama Debt = Slavery"
2008:Mulligan, Jessica; Patrovsky, Bridgette (2003).
1461:Green tint: Beginning June 18, 2009 support for
1455:protesting copyright law changes in New Zealand.
1184:networks and other websites for avatars such as
864:(1974) which represented players as humans, and
742:avatars were introduced as early as 1990 in the
2730:"Japan's latest big thing: 'virtual YouTubers'"
2514:
1827:. New York: Bantam, 2003 (reissue). pp. 469–70.
1788:International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
1753:insights from the greatest minds in video games
1288:, and via standalone software such as FaceRig.
680:Example of an avatar image on an internet forum
3988:
3195:
2598:Australasian Conference on Information Systems
2359:
1524:(whether an entity is perceived to be human),
1123:Avatars socialising in the 2003 virtual world
870:(1974) which represented players as eyeballs.
792:Avatars can be used as virtual embodiments of
734:
3974:
3889:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (
3594:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (
3457:Online Conference on Networks and Communities
3335:Cook, Sarah L.; Sha, Mandy (March 15, 2016).
2928:Online Conference on Networks and Communities
1558:
1241:that occur when people interact via avatars.
3362:
3360:
2491:"What it's like to dance at a VR strip club"
2277:
2116:"Visual Security: 9-block IP Identification"
1720:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
3901:. Swansea Metropolitan University: Swansea.
2362:"GameFest: Inside Avatars For The Xbox 360"
2303:
2157:
2155:
2010:Developing online games: an insider's guide
1953:
1951:
1352:) or an entirely fictional character (e.g.
1176:has promoted it as part of his vision of a
1095:
4313:
3981:
3967:
3790:Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
3498:Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
3198:"#MemeOfTheWeek: French Flags On Facebook"
2756:"The virtual vloggers taking over YouTube"
2353:
804:are examples of avatars used in this way.
3874:
3801:
3783:
3733:
3723:
3579:
3522:
3391:
3389:
3357:
3348:
2456:
1291:Both 3D and 2D avatars have been used in
589:Learn how and when to remove this message
3943:) is being considered for deletion. See
3856:
3678:
3565:
3366:
3137:
3059:
2955:"Move over MySpace, Gaia Online is here"
2811:
2152:
1948:
1659:
1423:
1118:
840:
775:
675:
600:
55:
42:
3334:
3267:
3085:
3062:"What Is This New Picrew Avatar Trend?"
3009:
2917:
2915:
2416:
1958:Evans, Claire L. (September 16, 2019).
1766:
1738:. New York: Pocket Books, 1981. p. 218.
707:Other avatar systems exist, such as on
14:
4341:
3876:10.12840/issn.2255-4165.2018.06.01.015
3581:10.12840/issn.2255-4165.2018.06.01.015
3450:
3420:
3418:
3386:
3367:Gregoire, Carolyn (January 14, 2015).
3247:
3088:"E3 Avatar Creator: The Kotaku Review"
2978:
2837:
2793:from the original on December 18, 2020
2753:
2727:
2515:Sterling, Bruce (September 28, 2007).
2390:
2333:
822:Such avatars can also be powered by a
212:platforms, and digital worlds such as
3962:
3822:Alter Ego: Avatars and Their Creators
3491:
3395:
3273:
3221:
2462:
2265:, Brain Pickings, December 14, 2011,
1957:
1928:
1337:
64:post, with the user's profile picture
3756:
3299:
3039:"Cartoon You: Creating Easy Avatars"
3012:"Second Life Economy At Record High"
2921:
2912:
2488:
2227:"IGN: Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas"
2113:
1688:
1419:
1012:Universal animated avatars from the
771:
527:adding citations to reliable sources
498:
30:For the text terminal protocol, see
3478:
3424:
3415:
3164:
2953:Au, Wagner James (April 22, 2007).
2747:
2297:
1902:
1876:
1708:
1653:
1451:Black avatar: February 16–23, 2009
796:, which are driven more or less by
628:Alternatively, avatars can also be
24:
3814:
3803:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.tb00308.x
3510:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2004.tb00284.x
3451:Harris, Stephen (April 23, 2010).
3350:10.3768/rtipress.2016.op.0026.1603
2952:
2896:. October 30, 2000. Archived from
2372:from the original on July 26, 2008
2278:Zell-Briefer, Sam (June 7, 2021).
943:Massively multiplayer online games
659:
656:, or handle, of an Internet user.
494:
236:resemble their real-world selves.
25:
4405:
3947:to help reach a consensus. ›
3926:
3060:Leishman, Rachel (May 27, 2020).
2838:Carman, Ashley (March 26, 2018).
2754:Lufkin, Bryan (October 2, 2018).
2728:Nagata, Kazuaki (July 17, 2018).
2463:Brown, Abram (November 3, 2021).
2336:"Mario Kart 8 Deluxe unlockables"
1988:Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace
1530:(having human form or behavior),
1510:
1265:
1140:allowed a choice of 11 different
92:. Avatars can be two-dimensional
4323:
4322:
4312:
3863:Review of Communication Research
3568:Review of Communication Research
3427:"Our Virtual Bodies, Ourselves?"
3274:Dewey, Caitlin (June 29, 2015).
3222:Guynn, Jessica (April 1, 2021).
3010:Hopkins, Curt (April 28, 2010).
2489:Sung, Morgan (October 8, 2021).
2360:Christian Nutt (July 22, 2008).
1374:
1321:
1002:
993:
764:More recently, services such as
503:
269:
133:
4091:Bartle taxonomy of player types
3784:Nowak, K. L.; Rauh, C. (2005).
3777:
3750:
3699:
3672:
3637:
3602:
3559:
3516:
3485:
3444:
3425:Yee, Nick (February 17, 2008).
3328:
3319:
3293:
3248:Fiener, Lauren (May 14, 2021).
3241:
3215:
3189:
3158:
3131:
3105:
3079:
3053:
3030:
3003:
2972:
2946:
2882:
2865:"Galaxy AR Emoji SDK for Unity"
2857:
2831:
2812:Marshall, Cass (May 27, 2021).
2805:
2775:
2721:
2699:
2673:
2647:
2629:
2620:
2580:
2569:
2549:
2529:
2508:
2482:
2436:
2410:
2384:
2334:Parkin, Jeffrey (May 3, 2017).
2327:
2271:
2256:
2245:
2219:
2210:
2195:
2183:
2134:"Server Avatars - Discord Help"
2126:
2107:
2093:
2071:
2037:
2000:
1977:
1922:
1870:
1850:
1689:Paez, Danny (August 24, 2020).
1244:
632:digital representations, as in
514:needs additional citations for
256:is ultimately derived from the
47:An avatar in the virtual world
3857:Nowak, K. L.; Fox, J. (2018).
3138:Menendez, Ed (June 29, 2009).
2555:Meadows, Mark Stephen (2008).
1830:
1817:
1775:
1741:
1726:
1682:
1580:difficult, such as those with
1346:character in some episodes of
1239:transformed social interaction
982:" which satirizes avatars and
830:
371:Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar
13:
1:
3932:
3300:Virk, Riz (August 18, 2022).
3086:Parrish, Ash (July 6, 2021).
2981:"What's So Great About IMVU?"
2979:Morgan, KC (March 10, 2010).
2391:Warren, Tom (June 19, 2018).
1903:Lee, Kevan (March 25, 2015).
1647:
1453:New Zealand Internet Blackout
1445:New Zealand Internet Blackout
1414:Electronic Entertainment Expo
1403:
1314:by October, and in May 2021,
980:(Do You Wanna Date My) Avatar
881:Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
466:(in the sense used here) and
3623:10.1080/07370024.2014.921494
2922:Bear, Amy (April 27, 2010).
2787:YouTube Culture & Trends
2417:Agnello, A (April 4, 2015).
1929:Golby, Joel (July 9, 2016).
1860:. For Dummies, 2006. p.284.
7:
3759:Computers in Human Behavior
3681:Computers in Human Behavior
3646:Computers in Human Behavior
3492:Nowak, Kristine L. (2004).
2207:(1974), Arcade Flyer Museum
2067:Designing Isometric Avatars
1858:Casino Gambling For Dummies
1800:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.12.014
1587:
1470:November 2015 Paris attacks
813:natural language processing
809:automated customer services
802:Automated online assistants
735:Internet chat and messaging
486:...in addition to avatars,
263:
126:
10:
4410:
4354:Internet forum terminology
3611:Human-Computer Interaction
1840:. Prometheus Books, 1999.
1559:Representation of identity
1428:Example user image with a
1104:are used as two- or three-
834:
782:automated online assistant
478:, I learned that the term
243:
239:
29:
4310:
4267:Iron Realms Entertainment
4252:
4220:
4166:Player versus environment
4071:
4028:
3997:
3919:10.1504/ijima.2005.007509
3879:(inactive March 7, 2024).
3771:10.1016/j.chb.2007.05.007
3725:10.3758/s13428-015-0688-7
3712:Behavior Research Methods
3693:10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.010
3658:10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.026
3584:(inactive March 7, 2024).
2641:October 24, 2006, at the
1627:Pointman (user interface)
1617:Persona (user experience)
1584:or similar disabilities.
1072:as part of the console's
978:, created a song called "
924:. Other avatars, such as
800:rather than real people.
4229:Designing Virtual Worlds
3945:templates for discussion
3537:10.1177/1039856213509289
2617:Retrieved 23 March 2015.
2446:. Peachpit Press, 1997.
1909:Buffer Marketing Library
1293:Learning and Development
1096:Non-gaming online worlds
605:2016 Facebook post from
78:graphical representation
18:Avatar (virtual reality)
3525:Australasian Psychiatry
3398:"Sex, Lies and Avatars"
2179:10.1145/1643823.1643908
1749:"Coining Term "Avatar""
1548:Harvard Business Review
1371:" or "author avatars".
1309:, which often resemble
798:artificial intelligence
538:"Avatar" computing
114:three-dimensional model
36:Avatar (disambiguation)
4369:Video game terminology
3824:. London: Chris Boot.
3167:"Going Green for Iran"
1960:"Quest of the Avatars"
1463:Iran election protests
1433:
1129:
1100:Avatars in non-gaming
969:, creator and star of
851:
789:
681:
610:
492:
362:
65:
53:
34:. For Other uses, see
3820:Cooper, Robbie 2007.
3049:on February 21, 2010.
2789:. December 15, 2020.
2311:. IGN. Archived from
2307:(November 13, 2006).
1990:. Basic Books, 2000.
1427:
1276:facial motion capture
1122:
844:
780:An avatar used by an
779:
679:
604:
462:Taaffe ... The words
459:
357:
59:
46:
4292:Mythic Entertainment
4236:A Rape in Cyberspace
4171:Player versus player
4146:Non-player character
4031:codebases, libraries
3850:10.1509/jmkg.70.4.19
3838:Journal of Marketing
3431:The Daedalus Project
2900:on February 28, 2010
1735:Songs from the Stars
1217:Avatar customization
824:digital conversation
748:Microsoft Comic Chat
523:improve this article
364:The use of the term
347:Songs from the Stars
4389:Identity management
4081:Alternate character
3990:Multi-user dungeons
3396:McCorduck, Pamela.
3373:The Huffington Post
2991:on February 3, 2019
2607:on October 27, 2016
2539:. Routledge, 2002.
2315:on October 12, 2007
2309:"Wii Sports Review"
2047:. Routledge, 1999.
1213:legendary creatures
1074:New Xbox Experience
936:never speaks at all
744:ImagiNation Network
384:online role-playing
4364:Video game culture
3165:Kraskin, Michael.
2869:Samsung Developers
2709:. October 17, 2023
2517:"Get a First Life"
2140:. October 16, 2021
2103:. August 15, 2013.
1964:LA Review of Books
1856:Blackwood, Kevin.
1823:Stephenson, Neal.
1578:social interaction
1434:
1338:In popular culture
1130:
878:, the avatar from
852:
790:
700:, consisting of a
682:
611:
396:role-playing game
206:virtual assistants
184:) originates from
66:
54:
4336:
4335:
4297:Plaintext Players
4287:The Mud Connector
3830:978-1-905712-02-1
3463:on March 20, 2012
3146:on March 30, 2010
3119:on April 29, 2009
2985:Website Marketing
2661:. January 8, 2018
2305:Casamassina, Matt
2190:Video Game Firsts
2171:978-1-60558-829-2
1732:Spinrad, Norman.
1477:COVID-19 pandemic
1432:across one corner
1420:Awareness avatars
1369:author surrogates
1363:has been said by
1303:Virtual YouTubers
1016:(shown left) and
772:Online assistants
696:Some avatars are
638:World of Warcraft
630:three-dimensional
599:
598:
591:
573:
350:(1980), the term
333:role-playing game
215:World of Warcraft
210:instant messaging
16:(Redirected from
4401:
4394:Richard Garriott
4384:Cyberpunk themes
4349:Internet culture
4326:
4325:
4316:
4315:
4161:Player character
4156:Persistent world
3983:
3976:
3969:
3960:
3959:
3922:
3913:(1/2): 143–161.
3894:
3888:
3880:
3878:
3853:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3765:(4): 1494–1509.
3754:
3748:
3747:
3737:
3727:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3687:(3): 1169–1181.
3676:
3670:
3669:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3593:
3585:
3583:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3489:
3479:Academic sources
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3459:. Archived from
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3393:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3364:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3177:on June 20, 2009
3173:. Archived from
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3142:. Archived from
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3115:. Archived from
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3045:. Archived from
3034:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3018:. SAY Media, Inc
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2987:. Archived from
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2934:on July 27, 2012
2930:. Archived from
2919:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2651:
2645:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2600:. Archived from
2595:
2584:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2553:
2547:
2535:Nakamura, Lisa.
2533:
2527:
2526:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2460:
2454:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2275:
2269:
2260:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2233:on June 20, 2013
2229:. Archived from
2223:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2122:on July 3, 2008.
2118:. Archived from
2111:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2075:
2069:
2064:
2055:
2041:
2035:
2013:
2004:
1998:
1984:Lessig, Lawrence
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1877:Kinzler, Steve.
1874:
1868:
1854:
1848:
1834:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1745:
1739:
1730:
1724:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1657:
1622:Player character
1574:mental disorders
1527:anthropomorphism
1522:perceived agency
1493:COVID-19 vaccine
1438:awareness ribbon
1354:Hermione Granger
1261:
1082:PlayStation Home
1006:
997:
848:Prince of Persia
837:Player character
786:customer service
594:
587:
583:
580:
574:
572:
531:
507:
499:
380:Chip Morningstar
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
291:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
266:
246:Player character
190:Richard Garriott
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
129:
102:profile pictures
21:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4379:Virtual reality
4374:Virtual avatars
4359:MUD terminology
4339:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4306:
4254:
4248:
4216:
4173:, Playerkilling
4073:
4067:
4030:
4029:Minor branches,
4024:
3993:
3987:
3948:
3929:
3882:
3881:
3817:
3815:Further reading
3812:
3811:
3782:
3778:
3755:
3751:
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3700:
3677:
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3587:
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3404:
3394:
3387:
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3365:
3358:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3280:Washington Post
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3220:
3216:
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3122:
3120:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3084:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3058:
3054:
3035:
3031:
3021:
3019:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2920:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2734:The Japan Times
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2659:Romania Insider
2653:
2652:
2648:
2643:Wayback Machine
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2593:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2570:
2554:
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2530:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2461:
2457:
2441:
2437:
2427:
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2415:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2276:
2272:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2200:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2165:York, NY, USA.
2160:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2112:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2042:
2038:
2031:Shockwave Rider
2005:
2001:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1956:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1875:
1871:
1855:
1851:
1835:
1831:
1822:
1818:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1731:
1727:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1668:. p. 300.
1658:
1654:
1650:
1612:Online identity
1590:
1561:
1553:data collection
1513:
1422:
1406:
1377:
1340:
1330:which comes on
1324:
1272:talking avatars
1268:
1259:
1256:social presence
1247:
1170:Mark Zuckerberg
1162:virtual reality
1113:representations
1098:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1018:Nintendo Switch
1009:
1008:
1007:
999:
998:
892:, and can even
839:
833:
794:embodied agents
774:
737:
666:Internet forums
662:
660:Internet forums
619:Internet forums
595:
584:
578:
575:
532:
530:
520:
508:
497:
495:Types and usage
472:virtual reality
411:Neal Stephenson
392:, and the 1989
293:
272:
268:
248:
242:
194:Internet forums
157:
136:
132:
98:Internet forums
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4407:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4334:
4333:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4202:Video game bot
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4151:Online wedding
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4116:Hack and slash
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3998:Major branches
3995:
3994:
3986:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3928:
3927:External links
3925:
3924:
3923:
3902:
3895:
3854:
3833:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3796:(1): 153–178.
3776:
3749:
3698:
3671:
3636:
3617:(5): 401–432.
3601:
3558:
3531:(6): 527–532.
3515:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3443:
3414:
3385:
3356:
3327:
3318:
3292:
3266:
3240:
3214:
3188:
3171:Politics Daily
3157:
3130:
3104:
3078:
3052:
3029:
3002:
2971:
2945:
2911:
2890:"A Good Scare"
2881:
2856:
2830:
2804:
2774:
2746:
2720:
2698:
2687:. July 1, 2014
2672:
2646:
2628:
2619:
2579:
2568:
2559:, New Riders,
2548:
2528:
2507:
2481:
2455:
2442:Damer, Bruce.
2435:
2409:
2383:
2352:
2326:
2296:
2270:
2255:
2244:
2218:
2209:
2194:
2182:
2151:
2125:
2106:
2092:
2081:. May 15, 2014
2070:
2056:
2036:
1999:
1976:
1947:
1921:
1895:
1883:Picons Archive
1869:
1849:
1829:
1816:
1794:(4): 453–480.
1774:
1765:
1740:
1725:
1707:
1681:
1674:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1632:Proteus effect
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1589:
1586:
1560:
1557:
1532:identomorphism
1512:
1511:Academic study
1509:
1508:
1507:
1504:LGBT community
1500:
1495:. Conversely,
1481:surgical masks
1479:, users added
1473:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1421:
1418:
1405:
1402:
1376:
1373:
1339:
1336:
1332:Samsung Galaxy
1323:
1320:
1299:among others.
1267:
1266:Motion capture
1264:
1246:
1243:
1190:Avatars United
1174:Meta Platforms
1097:
1094:
1060:In late 2008,
1011:
1010:
1001:
1000:
992:
991:
990:
989:
988:
984:virtual dating
954:City of Heroes
926:Gordon Freeman
835:Main article:
832:
829:
773:
770:
758:America Online
736:
733:
661:
658:
642:virtual worlds
597:
596:
511:
509:
502:
496:
493:
342:Norman Spinrad
241:
238:
108:, or formerly
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4293:
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4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:organizations
4251:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4197:Virtual goods
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
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4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4131:Kill stealing
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
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3255:
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3199:
3192:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3017:
3016:ReadWritePlay
3013:
3006:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2916:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2708:
2702:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2632:
2623:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2591:
2583:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2565:0-321-53339-9
2562:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2545:0-415-93836-8
2542:
2538:
2532:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2511:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2452:0-201-68840-9
2449:
2445:
2439:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2252:Duke Nukem 3D
2248:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2101:"Identicons!"
2096:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2054:
2053:0-415-17078-8
2050:
2046:
2043:Jordan, Tim.
2040:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:. New Riders.
2011:
2003:
1997:
1996:0-465-03913-8
1993:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1952:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1867:
1866:0-471-75286-X
1863:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1846:1-57392-743-0
1843:
1839:
1833:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1769:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1737:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1677:
1675:0-415-94180-6
1671:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1652:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1569:Sherry Turkle
1565:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
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1498:
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1471:
1467:
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1448:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1398:
1397:virtual world
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:Customisation
1372:
1370:
1366:
1365:J. K. Rowling
1362:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1344:Matt Groening
1335:
1333:
1329:
1322:Miscellaneous
1319:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1257:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1231:Active Worlds
1228:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:online worlds
1093:
1091:
1090:PlayStation 3
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1020:(shown right)
1019:
1015:
1005:
996:
987:
985:
981:
977:
974:
973:
968:
964:
963:Robbie Cooper
960:
956:
955:
950:
949:
944:
939:
937:
933:
932:
927:
923:
919:
916:
912:
907:
905:
904:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:
877:
871:
869:
868:
863:
862:
857:
850:
849:
843:
838:
828:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
788:on a web page
787:
783:
778:
769:
767:
762:
759:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
732:
729:
725:
720:
718:
715:, Frenzoo or
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
694:
691:
687:
678:
674:
672:
667:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
608:
603:
593:
590:
582:
579:November 2021
571:
568:
564:
561:
557:
554:
550:
547:
543:
540: –
539:
535:
534:Find sources:
528:
524:
518:
517:
512:This section
510:
506:
501:
500:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:Social status
440:
436:
435:
430:
426:
422:
421:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
400:
395:
394:pen and paper
391:
390:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:
367:
361:
356:
353:
349:
348:
343:
339:
338:
334:
331:
327:
326:computer game
323:
317:
267:
265:
259:
255:
254:
247:
237:
233:
231:
227:
223:
222:
217:
216:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
181:
130:
128:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:, the user's
83:
79:
75:
71:
63:
58:
52:
51:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4327:
4317:
4241:
4227:
4221:Publications
4141:Mob, Monster
4085:
3938:
3910:
3906:
3898:
3885:cite journal
3866:
3862:
3844:(4): 19–36.
3841:
3837:
3821:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3718:(1): 46–60.
3715:
3711:
3701:
3684:
3680:
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