416:. For lighter AGTs, these solutions were over-specified given the size of the vehicle, so the guideway was often separate from the running surface. Typical solutions used a single light rail embedded in the ground or attached to the guideway wall, with a wheel or slider that was pressed against the guideway rail and steered the running wheels through a linkage. A suspension-like system is needed to smooth out the imperfections in the guideway and provide a comfortable ride. More modern systems can eliminate the rail and replace it with a "virtual" one that is read by sensors on the vehicle without the need for any mechanical connection.
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367:. In the people mover role the term "automated people mover" (APM) is sometimes used, although this distinction is relatively rare because most people movers are automated. Larger systems span a variety of conceptual designs, from subway-like advanced rapid transit (ART) systems to smaller (typically two to six passengers) vehicles known as
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Headway can be reduced via automation, a technique that was becoming feasible in the 1960s. As the headway is decreased, the size of vehicle needed to transport a given number of passengers per hour also decreases, which, in turn, decreases the infrastructure needed to support these smaller vehicles.
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AGT offered a solution that fit between these extremes. Much of the cost of a subway system is due to the large vehicle sizes, which demand large tunnels, large stations and considerable infrastructure throughout the system. The large vehicles are a side-effect of the need to have considerable space
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problems as larger cities. Buses could be easily introduced in these areas, but did not offer the capacities or speeds that made them an attractive alternative to car ownership. Cars drive directly from origin to destination, while buses generally work on a hub-and-spoke model that can increase trip
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Over time, the aerospace firms that had initially designed most of these systems left the industry and sold off the AGT divisions to other companies. Most of these were picked up by existing transportation conglomerates, and through additional mergers and buyouts, many of these are today owned by
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Once limited to larger airports and a small number of metro systems, AGT have undergone something of a renaissance since the late 1990s. Lower capital costs compared to conventional metros have allowed AGT systems to expand quickly, and many of these "small" systems now rival their larger
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system is a type of fixed guideway transit infrastructure with a riding or suspension track that supports and physically guides one or more driverless vehicles along its length. The vehicles are often rubber tired or steel wheeled, but other traction systems including air cushion,
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system in 2005). Similar systems followed at airports around the world, and today they are relatively universal at larger airports, often connecting terminals with distant long-term parking lots. Similar systems were also a fixture of a number of amusement parks, notably the
551:; this system places the motor outside the vehicle at the top of the guideway to reduce the weight lifted up the hill and thus improve efficiency. Small AGT systems are also used as circulator or feeder systems within urban centers. The city of Miami installed its
443:, there was concern that these companies would be left with few projects in the 1970s and 80s. Expecting widespread deployment of PRT systems through the late 1970s and 80s, many of the major US aerospace companies entered the AGT market, including
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Everything from track supports to station size can be reduced, with similar reductions in capital costs. Additionally, the lighter vehicles allow for a wider variety of suspension methods, from conventional steel wheels, to rubber tires,
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Although the smaller vehicle systems were not successful in the marketplace, larger AGT were simpler to integrate into existing mass transit systems. Many higher capacity AGT systems that looked and operated in a fashion similar to a
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Small scaled AGT systems are also known as people movers. Although the mass transit world showed a lack of interest, AGT systems quickly found a number of niche roles that they have continued to fill to this day.
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have been implemented. The guideway provides both physical support, like a road, as well as the guidance. An automated line can be cheaper to run than a conventional line, due to the shorter trains and stations.
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AGT was originally developed as a means of providing mass transit services aimed at serving rider loads higher than those that could be served by buses or trams, but smaller than those served by conventional
409:. Since the system has to be automated in order to reduce the headways enough to be worthwhile, by automating the steering as well the operational costs can also be reduced compared to crewed vehicles.
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One key problem in an automated system is the steering system's negotiation of turns in the right-of-way. The simplest solution is to use a rigid guideway, like conventional rails or steel
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was the world's first to incorporate an AGT system as an inter-terminal connector in 1971. Its landside/airside set up allows the airport to increase capacity without spreading out. The
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However, the market for these systems proved to be overestimated, and only one of these US-designed small AGT's was constructed as a mass transit system, the
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Kittelson & Assoc; Parsons
Brinckerhoff; KFH Group; Texas A&M Transportation Institute; Arup (2013). "Chapter 11: Glossary and Symbols".
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have since become a common fixture of many existing metro systems, often as a way to serve outlying areas or as feeders to a metro system.
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in West
Virginia's success, along with a renewed interest in new forms of transit, has led to several new PRT projects since 2000.
827:"An Evaluation of Structural Integrity and Crashworthiness of Automatic Guideway Transit(AGT) Vehicle made of Sandwich Composites"
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Transit
Capacity and Quality of Service Manual. Transit Cooperative Highway Research Program (TCRP) Report 165
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is the world's first mass transit AGT, which began operating in 1981. It connects Kobe's main rail station,
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Although the original introduction of PRT systems did not result in the widespread adoption as expected,
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started operations in 1986, but has expanded so rapidly that its track length roughly matches the
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system in 1986 and later extended it by 4.4 miles and added 12 new stations it in 1994. Similar
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in
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concept (or "dial-a-cab"), became a major area of research after the publication of the
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Moccia, Luigi; Allen, Duncan W.; Laporte, Gilbert; Spinosa, Andrea (1 October 2022).
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uses a unique vertically oriented AGT to bring visitors from a parking lot off
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874:(Third ed.). Washington: Transportation Research Board. p. 11-52.
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to the south. Many similar systems have been built elsewhere in Japan. The
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Ko, Hee-Young; Shin, Kwang-Bok; Cho, Se-Hyun; Kim, Dea-Hwan (2008).
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and went into operation in
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was another early AGT systems which was installed at the
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is the longest driverless transit system in the
Americas.
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Automated
Guideway Transit System project (Philippines)
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systems, provide AGT systems for the airport market.
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A Trip Time
Comparison of Automated Guideway Transit
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systems commonly found at airports, to more complex
355:AGT covers a wide variety of systems, from limited
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1411:, self-driving vehicles and enabling technologies
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1909:IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society
709:counterparts in any measure. For instance, the
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455:. Car companies followed suit, including
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1134:List of airport people mover systems
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1247:Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit
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1749:Safe speed automotive common law
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1005:List of automated train systems
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1562:Automated Lane Keeping Systems
1087:Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)
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793:Juster, Reuben Morris (2013).
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666:INNOVIA advanced rapid transit
646:, with the dockyard areas and
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690:AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro
145:Automated track-bound traffic
1874:American Center for Mobility
1843:Automotive navigation system
1631:, formerly Google Car (2012)
1578:Automotive navigation system
1537:Intelligent speed adaptation
1426:History of self-driving cars
1319:High Speed Surface Transport
1212:Advanced Transit Association
439:and the winding down of the
58:"Automated guideway transit"
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1431:Impact of self-driving cars
1176:PeopleMover (Magic Kingdom)
1077:Harbour Island People Mover
938:Getty Center tram guideway.
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1015:Iron Ore Company of Canada
947:Retrieved August 27, 2008.
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1651:Yandex self-driving car
1553:the driving environment
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911:. pp. 739–802.
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1935:Anthony Levandowski
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610:Taipei Metro VAL256
1712:Self-driving truck
1707:Driverless tractor
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612:train on the
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595:Large systems
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561:Bukit Panjang
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1833:Eye tracking
1781:technologies
1744:IEEE 802.11p
1675:
1657:Honda Legend
1636:
1024:
988:
932:
920:. Retrieved
908:
898:
870:
846:. Retrieved
837:(5): 15–22.
834:
830:
820:
808:. Retrieved
795:
788:
719:
707:
651:
648:Kobe Airport
632:small subway
628:
569:
537:Getty Center
516:LTV Airtrans
508:
480:People mover
465:
418:
411:
399:
391:
378:
357:people mover
354:
339:
335:
331:
327:
325:
169:
125:
105:
99:January 2024
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1739:Legislation
1686:ParkShuttle
1237:HUD reports
1227:Cabinentaxi
1067:Dubai Metro
1057:Delhi Metro
541:Los Angeles
524:DFW Skylink
500:DFW Skylink
441:Vietnam War
425:HUD reports
301:Lille Metro
1867:and events
1731:Regulation
1476:SAE Levels
1295:Driverless
1052:Dashaveyor
805:1903/14304
799:(Thesis).
780:References
753:Guided bus
640:Port Liner
614:Wenhu line
599:See also:
585:Doppelmayr
577:Bombardier
553:Metromover
478:See also:
69:newspapers
1865:projects
1779:Enabling
1767:Liability
1639:Autopilot
1354:Slope car
1297:monorails
1166:MiniMetro
1122:Automated
1025:Automated
996:Automated
843:2288-2103
698:Las Vegas
674:Vancouver
567:, China.
565:Guangzhou
549:Brentwood
433:aerospace
316:Vancouver
314:train in
1954:Category
1696:NuTonomy
1681:CAVForth
1669:vehicles
1591:Vehicles
1200:Personal
1139:Aerotrén
1092:Minitram
1072:Ford ACT
1027:guideway
941:Archived
763:Roll way
736:See also
589:ski lift
531:and the
386:gridlock
320:SkyTrain
1419:context
1309:Jetrail
1272:SkyTran
1204:transit
1029:transit
670:Toronto
573:Siemens
571:either
407:maglevs
395:headway
389:times.
382:subways
312:Mark II
83:scholar
1918:People
1889:Navlab
1856:People
1659:(2021)
1653:(2017)
1647:(2015)
1641:(2015)
1625:(2011)
1619:(2010)
1613:(2007)
1607:(1994)
1329:Linimo
1314:H-Bahn
1262:Shweeb
1242:M-Bahn
1126:movers
1124:people
998:trains
886:
841:
682:London
672:, and
662:France
535:. The
445:Boeing
349:maglev
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1828:rFpro
1798:LIDAR
1793:Laser
1788:Radar
1629:Waymo
1569:(V2V)
1252:ROMAG
1202:rapid
922:8 May
848:6 May
810:6 May
730:ULTra
658:Lille
334:) or
230:GoA3+
136:Japan
130:AGT,
90:JSTOR
76:books
1879:DAVI
1698:taxi
1637:with
1605:VaMP
1598:Cars
987:and
924:2024
884:ISBN
850:2022
839:ISSN
812:2022
636:Kobe
581:Poma
488:The
461:Ford
459:and
453:Rohr
451:and
405:and
347:and
225:GoA2
192:ETCS
187:CBTC
132:Kobe
62:news
913:doi
876:doi
801:hdl
680:in
638:'s
575:or
539:in
502:at
449:LTV
338:or
332:AGT
326:An
297:VAL
45:by
1956::
907:.
882:.
858:^
835:21
833:.
829:.
660:,
583:,
470:.
447:,
310:A
134:,
1401:e
1394:t
1387:v
977:e
970:t
963:v
926:.
915::
892:.
878::
852:.
814:.
803::
330:(
281:e
274:t
267:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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