Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia

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autonomous under Austrian influence. The agreement gave Bulgaria administrative rights over areas of Serbia that were not in the original agreement. In return, in addition to the railways and mines already yielded to the Germans, Bulgaria agreed to give them access to the valleys east of the Velika Morava, the Južna Morava in Kosovo, as well as the Vardar Valley; effectively turning Macedonia and Kosovo into zones dedicated to German economic exploitation.

1375: 1180:, reported stories about the atrocities committed by Austrian soldiers against the civilian population "We saw the gutted Hôtel d’Europe, and the blackened and mutilated church in Šabac where three thousand men, women and children were penned up together without food or water for four days, and then divided into two groups – one sent to Austria as prisoners of war, the other driven ahead of the army as it marched south against the Serbians". 2643: 781: 1101:), Austro-Hungarian forces occupied parts of Serbia for thirteen days. Their war aims were not only to eliminate Serbia as a threat but also to punish her for fuelling South Slav irredentism in the Monarchy. The occupation turned into a war of annihilation, accompanied by massacres of civilians and the taking of hostages. Austro-Hungarian troops committed a number of war crimes against the Serbian population, especially in the area of 1165:, Reiss recorded that the number of civilians killed in the invaded Serbian territory amounted to between 3,000 and 4,000, including a large number of women and children, in the region around Šabac he counted 1,658 burned buildings. According to historian James Lyon, "the Habsburg forces engaged in an orgy of looting, rape, murder, mass extermination, and other atrocities". Reiss likened the Austro-Hungarian atrocities to the 1254:, which had shelled Belgrade on the first day of the war, was sunk by a mine on the Sava. Although it suffered nearly 30,000 casualties and the invasion was temporarily halted, the Austro-Hungarian army retained a foothold in Serbia. Convinced that Serbia was near defeat, Potiorek regrouped and launched a third offensive on 5 November 1914. Potiorek exploited the Austro-Hungarians' superiority in artillery, including 1785:, paramilitary groups made up of Muslim volunteers with experience fighting Serb guerrillas and a reputation for heavy-handed tactics. District pursuit units were established in each district of the Austro-Hungarian occupied zone, each consisted of 40 men led by one officer. The Bulgarian occupation authorities also used Albanian gendarmes and irregular troops within their occupation zones. 1157:

gallows, trees or street lamps for days as a deterrent and as evidence of the Austro-Hungarian military's determination to deal with Serbian suspects. Many executions were photographed by Austro-Hungarian soldiers and officers; some of the images were reproduced as postcards and sold through the Austro-Hungarian army's official sales outlets. The Swiss criminologist and physician

2250:) was a concentration camp primarily used to detain civilians from Serbia and Montenegro, and the principal camp for Serbs suspected to be "terrorists" or "agitators". The number of detainees by May 1917 was 9,934, including children as young as nine. Over the course of the war, the Nezsider camp held 17,000 internees, about 4,800 people are known to have perished at the camp. 2378:

urgent relief to avoid disaster. Starvation loomed after soldiers destroyed or captured much of Serbia's foodstuffs and livestock. Harvest yields and produced goods had to be turned over to authorities while food was rationed. In late 1915, reports from Serbia emphasised the urgent need for relief from Austria-Hungary to avert a looming disaster. Austrian Prime Minister,

2195:) held about 35,000 prisoners, almost exclusively Serbian, civilian, military prisoners, men, women and children. According to a 1918 press report, an epidemic of dysentery almost wiped out all the children in the camp. After the war, a mass grave was found behind the camp containing the remains of 2,674 people (these remains were later moved to the crypt of the 1954:(Kaçanik, southern Kosovo), on the frontier with Macedonia, resulting in a military standoff. General Conrad immediately halted all deliveries of war supplies and warned the Bulgarian High Command that unless local Bulgarian commanders abstained from interfering with the Austro-Hungarian administration, a conflict with his troops would be inevitable. 2127:(k.u.k army regulations). Disarming the populace was done by holding village elders responsible for handing over a certain quota of weapons that were judged to be held before the war began. The sentence for possession of a weapon was death by hanging. Military courts also tried civilians for newly defined offenses, including the crime of 864:, both governed under a military administration. Germany declined to directly annex any Serbian territory and instead took control of railways, mines, and forestry and agricultural resources in both occupied zones. The Austro-Hungarian occupation zone covered the northern three-quarters of Serbia. It was ruled by the 1406:. On 9 October, Belgrade, Serbia's capital, was evacuated, on the same day, Austrian forces entered the neighbouring and allied country of Montenegro. On 14 October, with the bulk of the Serbian forces opposing combined invaders up north, two Bulgarian armies invaded southern Serbia from the east, advancing towards 2497:

course of the rebellion, while 2,600 managed to escape into the forests. Despite the harsh repression, guerrilla groups managed to survive and were able to support Allied offensive operations in the summer of 1918. After the war, Chief of Staff Paul Kirch described the withdrawal of the German 11th Army:

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war exhibition of 1917, held in Vienna, was intended to characterize Serb civilians and Komitadjis as criminals outside the laws and customs of war. It included a section about guerrilla warfare in Serbia, where visitors could learn about the methods used to track Komitadjis and Chetniks, including a

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Four significant waves of deportations occurred in occupied Serbia. The first occurred at the very start of the occupation, when Salis-Seewis rounded up 70,000 "dissidents", mostly able-bodied men, ex-soldiers, politically active individuals, as well as members of the political and cultural elite who

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and economically incompetent", and requesting the condemnation of those demanding that Serbia be annexed. Burián took the complaint directly to Emperor Franz Joseph. On 6 July 1916, the emperor decreed that Salis-Seewis and his chief of staff, Colonel Gelinek, were to be replaced by his former corps

1608:, an ethnic Croat with experience fighting insurgents in Macedonia, had served as the commander of the 42nd Devil's Division after Sarkotić. Salis-Seewis was appointed to the position in late 1915 by Emperor Franz Joseph, officially taking office on 1 January 1916. The historian and Balkan specialist 2532:

Guerilla warfare broke out spontaneously across all occupied regions in support of the Allies offensive. By the third week of October, General Hermann von Kövess, commander of all Austro-Hungarian and German forces in the Balkans, ordered a strategic retreat behind the Danube, Sava and Drina rivers,

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to reinforce the Bulgarian Army and Bulgarian paramilitary groups. Without the expected Allied support, the uprising collapsed. In late 1917, Vojinović was killed; Pećanac managed to escape and went into hiding. According to contemporary Austro-Hungarian Army reports, 20,000 Serbs were killed in the

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The economic exploitation of Serbia during the occupation was characterised by various measures, including confiscations, requisitions, and the utilisation of economic resources and labor. Extensive requisitions of materials such as wool, copper, brass, nickel, zinc, as well as food and leather were

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The MGG/S, as well as the High Command in Vienna, considered sending civilian prisoners to internment camps as a preventive measure to discourage insurgent activities. During the occupation, between 150,000 and 200,000 men, women and children were deported to various camps in Austria-Hungary, it has

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Tisza refused to consider the annexation of Serbia as it would lead to a substantial increase in Austria-Hungary's Slavic population, and significantly reduce the proportion of Hungarians within the Dual Monarchy. He demanded instead that northern Serbia be colonized by Hungarian and German farmers.

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The first measure of the occupiers was to establish a new legal system to secure order, prevent guerrilla resistance and exploit the country's resources. MGG/S control over the population was accomplished in accordance with the "Directives for the Political Administration in the Areas of the General

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on 24 November 1914. Under Sarkotić's administration, multiple concentration camps were established in which tens of thousands of Serbs were interned, in the town of Šabac alone, between 1,500 and 2,000 civilians were deported to internment camps in Hungary. According to the historian Bastian Matteo

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entered the war on the side of the Allies on 27 August 1916. From mid-August to late October 1916, an order to arrest all males between the ages of 17 and 50 was issued. These men were targeted because they were of fighting age. More than 16,500 males were sent to internment camps during this round

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Civilians suspected of engaging in resistance activities were subjected to the harshest measures, including hanging and shooting. The house of an offender's family would also be destroyed. Victims were usually hanged on the main squares of villages and towns, in full view of the general population.

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and of civilians taking up arms. The Austro-Hungarian Army consequently employed the seizure of hostages from the general population and the burning of villages in punitive raids as a means of quelling resistance. These measures, as well as summary executions, were all permitted under section 61 of

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to Belgrade. In January 1917, Teodor Kušević, a high-ranking functionary from Bosnia and Herzegovina, was appointed to replace him as the civilian commissioner. The function was given more prominence with new areas of responsibility including trade, police, religion, education, justice and finance.

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The Bulgarians withdrew eastwards, retaining the district containing Prizren and Priština, but leaving Albania and western Kosovo to the Austro-Hungarians. The Ottomans, wary of Bulgarian designs on Albania, supported Austro-Hungarian aims to prevent Bulgaria's reach into Elbassan and keep Albania

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In mid-February 1916, Thallóczy complained to Tisza about the number of Slavs in positions of authority, writing, "the governor is Croat, the chief of the general staff is Czech, the deputy governor is from the former military border and the new General Staff Officer Slavko Kvaternik is the son in

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and recapturing Belgrade a day after General Sarkotic's new military government had been established. By 15 December, the Royal Serbian Army had captured Zemun, having crossed the border in pursuit of the Austro-Hungarians, Defeat at the hands of Serbia, a small Balkan peasant kingdom, wounded the

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These types of attacks were planned at the highest level, the ground for the escalation of violence was ideologically prepared by the commanders' verbal radicalism, on August 13 Potiorek ordered reprisal hangings, the taking of hostages and arson by all units. Often bodies were left hanging on the

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According to a Red Cross report dated 1 February 1918, by the end of 1917, there were 206,500 prisoners of war and internees from Serbia in Austro-Hungarian and German camps. According to the historian Alan Kramer, the Serbians in Austro-Hungarian captivity received the worst treatment of all the

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The MGG/S intended to ignore Hungarian objections and integrate Serbia as a part of the empire, but as an area that would remain under direct military rule for decades after the end of the war and where political participation would be prohibited to prevent the emergence of a new Serbian state.

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With the Austrians in charge of the military, the civilian administration was mostly made up of Hungarians and Croats. Four administrative departments were set up: military, economic, judicial, and political, with the latter, which had its own intelligence and police forces, under former Devil's

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Austro-Hungarian reports on the state of Serbia in 1915 noted famine threatening the occupation zone and a population in a desperate state after nearly four years of constant war. The return of refugees exacerbated the shortage of food. Reports from late 1915 spoke of the necessity of receiving

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and Prizren. The Bulgarians maintained that they had the right to install a civilian administration on any territory they conquered, including outside their treaty border. Conrad, suspecting Bulgaria of harbouring ambitions to annex the whole region, sent troops to expel the Bulgarian civilian

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In this very year (1917) there was a drought that can never be forgotten. A frost and then a drought destroyed everything. Even had there nor been a war, hunger would have invaded us. People ate wild herbs and sawdust made from beechwood . . . . It was then for the first time that we spoke of

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offered assistance. According to Red Cross reports, starvation killed more than 8,000 Serbians during the first winter under Austro-Hungarian occupation. By mid-May 1917, figures from the Habsburg High Command reported that 170,000 cattle, 190,000 sheep, and 50,000 pigs had been exported to

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of the military General Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf saw the military administration of Serbia as preliminary to its annexation, along with Montenegro and Albania, to a future South Slavic union under Croatian leadership. Conrad worried that by not annexing Serbia the monarchy would lose its

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On 8 September 1914 the Austro-Hungarians launched a second invasion, a twin-pronged night attack across the Drina to secure a firm bridgehead. This time engaging all their forces the well-equipped Habsburg forces outnumbered the Serbs who were short of munitions two to one. Facing fierce

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The occupational authorities considered Serbian national consciousness an existential threat to Austria-Hungary. Thus, the policies of the Military Governorate were aimed at depoliticising and denationalising the Serbian population. Public gatherings and political parties were banned, the

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In the final phase of the Serbian Campaign, the Austro-Hungarian military had relied on paramilitaries consisting of Albanian clansmen from Kosovo and northern Albania as irregular troops, organised early in the occupied territories Albanian pursuit fighting units were set up to assist

2050:, as well as various publishing houses and bookshops, were closed down. Schoolbooks and books in French, English, Russian and Italian were banned. Political expression was severely limited with the prohibition of newspaper publication except for the official MGG/S propaganda newspaper 5793: 2316:

against the internment of Serbian women and children between the ages of 10 and 15. By the end of the year, Austria-Hungary's Ministry of War admitted that 526 Serb children were in fact being held at Nezsider, but that it was necessary on the grounds of military security.

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In early 1916, Conrad ordered that Serbia's resources be "squeezed dry" regardless of the consequences for the population. As news of the famine in Serbia spread around the world, campaigns were organised asking for Relief for Agonized Serbia. American, Swiss and Swedish

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By May 1917, 39,359 people from Serbia, including women and children, were interned outside the country. These large scale deportations caused concern around Europe quickly becoming an international scandal. The Spanish authorities complained then, in April 1917, the

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On 29 October, Governor-General von Rhemen and his staff left occupied Serbia. The following day, Belgrade was liberated by the Royal Serbian Army. By 1 November, all of pre-war Serbia had been liberated, bringing the three-year Central Powers occupation to an end.

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Tensions between the Austrian and German authorities increased after Burián complained that the German military was employing a ruthless system of requisition, resulting in famine and the pauperisation of the population. Behind the front lines, the Germans

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in Bulgarian-occupied Serbia. A force of 4,000 armed men and women managed to liberate a significant area in the Morava Valley before the uprising was put down. During the summer of 1917, the Austro-Hungarian Army was forced to bring in troops from the

1008:, which the Austro-Hungarian leadership deemed responsible for the murder. The Austro-Hungarian military leadership was determined to quash Serbia's independence, which it viewed as an unacceptable threat to the future of the empire given its sizeable 1886:

Tensions between Bulgaria and the Dual Monarchy started after Bulgaria extended its zone beyond the agreement signed on 6 September 1915; reaching into western Kosovo and Montenegro, on the Austro-Hungarian side of the treaty border, going as far as

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Within six weeks, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Germany had succeeded in conquering Serbia. While the strategic goals set before the offensive had been achieved, the Central Powers were deprived of a decisive victory by the Royal Serbian Army's

2529:. On 3 October, a German military governorate was created in Niš to replace the departing Bulgarian administration, while new Austro-Hungarian and German troops were redeployed to try to block the northward advance of Serb and French troops. 1318:

pride of Austria-Hungary's military and civilian leadership. One Austrian officer was reported as saying that Potiorek would be shot if he appeared among his own troops. On 22 December, Potiorek was relieved of his command and replaced by

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had remained in the country after the retreat to Corfu. University professors, teachers, and priests, especially those who had participated in political, cultural or even athletic associations, were arrested and sent to internment camps.

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After touring the three northwestern districts of Serbia together with Salis-Seewis and the visiting General Conrad, Tisza came to regard the Austro-Hungarian military's efforts in the occupied territory as a prelude to annexation.

2366:" was an area that Berlin had secured as a zone dedicated to agricultural production to feed its troops on the Salonica front. As the German exploitation of resources in occupied Serbia was handled by the German Oriental Society ( 2501:

Serb guerrilla groups emerged throughout the country and attacked our units when they were resting or eating. They also attacked our rearguard and our supply trains on the march and sabotaged the railways. We have sent special

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the Austro-Hungarian army savaged the civilian population in a wave of atrocities. During the short occupation between 3,500 and 4,000 Serb civilians were killed in executions and acts of random violence by marauding troops.

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that Austria-Hungary had signed, which forbade the use of occupied populations towards a country's war efforts. In March 1917, a home battalion was formed, supported by Bosnian gendarmes and led by former Ottoman officers.

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For Hungarian Prime Minister István Tisza, Serbia was a Hungarian area of interest but under no circumstances did Tisza want an annexation and thus an expansion of the Slavic element in the Danube Monarchy. In early 1916.

2183:, in the Spring of 1916 when armed resistance seemed to be spreading, more deportations took place. The fourth and final round of deportations occurred after the Allied breakthrough on the Salonica front in late 1918. In 1632:) for the occupation zone was entrusted to Croat Lujo Šafranek-Kavić, as the Austro-Hungarian army relied considerably on South Slav officers and Bosnian Muslims knowledge of the language for intelligence purposes. 2023:) and banned from schools and public spaces, streets named after people perceived as being significant to Serbian national identity were renamed, the wearing of traditional Serbian clothing was proscribed and the 2159:. By defining them as "terrorists" or "insurgents", the Austro-Hungarian authorities were not obliged to disclose the number of captives they held, and which camps they were being held in, to Red Cross societies. 94: 1747:, the Austro-Hungarian leadership decided to recruit amongst ethnic minority groups positively disposed towards the Dual Monarchy. With Thallóczy's encouragement, the Austro-Hungarian authorities permitted 2060:), which featured letters and photographs purporting to show how well those who stayed behind in occupied Serbia were living. Such propaganda was intended to convince Serbian soldiers who came across the 2449:, suggested to Salis-Seewis that he should issue a joint proclamation for the restoration of peace and order. Avakumović's proposal was turned down and Salis-Seewis ordered his arrest and internment. 1899:

that Germany supported "the independence of Albania under Austrian protection". Burián also reminded Ferdinand that at the "west of the treaty border began the Austro-Hungarian sphere of interest."

1402:. On that day, a heavy artillery bombardment from the border with Serbia began. The next day three German and three Austro-Hungarian Army corps crossed the Sava, attacking from the north as part of 2374:), the exploitation of mines failed to satisfy the Dual Monarchy's need for vital raw materials because Germany took two-thirds of all production from Serbia as reparations for its military aid. 1329:

German officials urged their Austro-Hungarian counterparts to launch yet another offensive against Serbia, despite the fact that the Austro-Hungarians were engaged in a costly second front with

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On 15 March, the Austro-Hungarians issued an order to secure the districts of Prijepolje, Novi Pazar, and Kosovska Mitrovica to their governorate, three districts acquired by Serbia during the

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camp in Upper Austria when about 14,000 were being held; an official Austro-Hungarian army report mentioned 5,600 prisoners of war buried in the camp graveyard in the early months of the war.

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In addition to a military legal system that banned all political organizations, forbade public assembly, and brought schools under its control, the Austro-Hungarian Army was allowed to impose

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administrators. The arrival of Austro-Hungarian troops in areas already garrisoned by Bulgarian forces resulted in a military confrontation. On 27 February 1916, Bulgarian military commander

2418:, made up of former soldiers who had remained in the country, began to wage a guerrilla campaign against the occupiers. The Chetniks had a long tradition as guerrillas after centuries of 2764:, the Habsburg army regulations, dictated that "an enemy or unreliable population is to be placed under the constraint of severe reprisals such as hostage-taking from among communities, 1015:

On 28 July 1914, exactly one month after Franz Ferdinand's assassination, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. That evening, Austro-Hungarian artillery shelled the Serbian capital of

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and the Albanians in Kosovo "behaved very loyally and offered their support" to the empire, Kerchnawe added in his report that "our interests ran parallel with the Muslims' interests."

4920:. Eine Publikation des Militärhistorischen Dienstes, Wien / Österreich, Militärhistorischer Dienst: Eine Publikation des Militärhistorischen Dienstes, Wien (in German). Verlag Styria. 1414:. On 21 October Skopje is occupied by Bulgarian troops effectively cutting off the Serbian Army's lines of communication to the south as well as a retreat route towards French General 1961:. Bulgarian actions on the ground persisted, leading to a second crisis, with Conrad demanding diplomatic assistance against Bulgarian violations. The German chief of staff, General 1125:

containing 109 dead peasants who were "bound together with a rope and encircled by wire"; they had been shot and immediately buried, even with some still alive. Wawro writes that in

7989: 1499:. Towards the end of 1915, Serbia was divided between Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria, with both countries establishing military administrations in the territories they had occupied. 7367: 1322:. Although Austria-Hungary had failed to defeat Serbia, the Royal Serbian Army had exhausted its military capability, losing 100,000 men in battle, and was forced to deal with a 1117:, 120 residents—mostly women, children and old men, who had previously been locked in a church—were shot and buried in the churchyard by Austro-Hungarian troops on the orders of 7382: 1187:. The soldiers invaded villages and rounded up unarmed men, women and children. They were either shot dead, bayoneted to death or hanged. The victims were locked into barns and 962:

and the retreat of all remaining Austro-Hungarian troops by the end of October. By 1 November 1918, all of pre-war Serbia had been liberated, bringing the occupation to an end.

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who represented both the Croatian and Hungarian components as envoy to the foreign ministry, accused Governor Salis-Seewies of favouring the Serbs as a Croat, then Hungarian

1973:. The proposed German compromise was accepted and, on 1 April 1916, an agreement on a demarcation line was signed between the Austro-Hungarian and Bulgarian high commands. 1513:

Shortly after the retreat of the Royal Serbian Army, the country was divided into three zones. The Austro-Hungarian occupational zone stretched from the region west of the

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According to official figures, between 27 December 1915 and 5 July 1917, 45,791 civilians and prisoners of war from Serbia and Montenegro were held captive at the camp in

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Tisza submitted a complaint to Burián asking for a thorough reorganisation of the Military Governorate, the removal of Salis-Seewis, whose administration he described as "

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The separation of power in Serbia quickly led to clashes between the civilian and military authorities, as well as between Austrian and Hungarian occupation officials.

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Immediately after the withdrawal of the Royal Serbian Army and the start of the Austro-Hungarian occupation, armed individuals and small groups of insurgents, called

7464: 2656: 2031:. Additionally, all Serbian students had to be educated in the German language, according to Austrian academic standards and through teachers imported from Austria. 1930:, the southwestern area of Kosovo, was to be incorporated as part of the Austro-Hungarian zone of Montenegro, with the rest of Kosovo, including Kosovska Mitrovica, 1367:. The Central Powers enjoyed massive superiority in numbers and equipment, especially in artillery, along the nearly 1,000-kilometre (620 mi) front. Serbia and 2508:

units against them, but it would have been easier to find a needle in a haystack than to find those guerrilla groups in the mountain terrain they are familiar with.

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was appointed as the Military General Governorate's civilian commissioner, as well as Salis-Seewis's deputy. Thallóczy arrived in Belgrade on 17 January 1916.

1472:'s Eleventh German Army. Avoiding encirclement and the trap set up by Mackensen, the Serbian army withdrew to Kosovo, on 22 November Putnik ordered a retreat. 1121:

Kasimir von Lütgendorf. The remaining residents were beaten to death, hanged, stabbed, mutilated or burned alive. A pit was later discovered in the village of

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declared their support and offered to recruit volunteers for the occupying authorities. According to the notes of Colonel Hugo Kerchnawe, the Muslims in the

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The Military Governorate responded to the multiplication of guerrilla groups by employing small Ottoman and Albanian counter-guerrilla units based on the

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In addition to those deported to Hungary, some 30,000 Serb civilians were sent to Austrian camps or used as forced labour. In Lower Austria, the camps of

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units (volunteer border militia) had joined the Austro-Hungarian troops invading from Bosnia, they later took part in the looting of the Serbian capital.

1464:, the entire Serbian government moved its headquarters from Niš to Kraljevo; on 2 November the Serbian government moved again this time from Kraljevo to 959: 1770:

officers and Bosnian militia leaders. Over 8,000 volunteers were recruited this way, despite the fact that the recruitment drive was a violation of the

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The Kingdom of Serbia. Infringements of the Rules and Laws of War Committed by the Austro-Bulgaro-Germans; Letters of a Criminologist on the Serbian M

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The first organised guerrilla group was formed in the Novi Pazar and Kosovska Mitrovica districts in early 1916, and was led by former army captain

1572:; MGG/S), with Belgrade as its administrative centre. The Austro-Hungarian occupation zone was divided into thirteen approximately equal districts ( 5810: 1724:, totaling around 70,000 men, of which 50,000 were reserved for military operations. Within the towns and villages of the twelve districts, 5,000 7999: 7454: 6812: 2269: 1827:, argued that Salis-Seewis' policies would lead to Serbia's annexation to the Dual Monarchy, which Thallóczy, following Hungarian prime minister 1041: 920: 2456:

from Bosnia instead of regular patrol troops. In late September 1916, the Serbian High Command flew in the experienced Chetnik guerrilla leader

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Kiraly, B.K.; Béla, K.; Király, B.K.; Dreisziger, P.N.; Dreisziger, N.F.; Nofi, A.A.; Kiraly, D.; Kiraly, P.B.; Rockefeller Foundation (1985).

6243: 2441:, as the Austro-Hungarian army called the insurgents, were deemed outside international law by the MGG and were to be "completely wiped out". 6305: 2671: 2135:

The lifeless bodies were left to hang by the noose for several days so as to clearly show the treatment reserved for "spies" and "traitors".

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in Albania; a region that Austria-Hungary considered an occupied friendly state and of "outstanding importance" to the Dual Monarchy. Kaiser

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The Royal Serbian Army retrenched itself in Greece, where it was reorganised and repurposed to combating Bulgarian and German troops on the

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Das Lächeln der Henker: der unbekannte Krieg gegen die Zivilbevölkerung 1914–1918, mit zahlreichen bisher unveröffentlichten Fotografien

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with little or no legal process. Upon being found guilty by a military court, victims were usually shot or hanged. Martial law, such as

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Austro-Hungarians patrols track down Serbian guerrillas. These counter-insurgency bands were based on their Bosnian counterparts, the

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also ordering that ‘about "two per cent of the male population should be taken as hostages, and kept with the troops on the march".

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to the Macedonian frontier, and included Belgrade. Bulgaria gained the whole of Serbian Macedonia, as well as the areas east of the

6088: 2422:. Their actions were often considered heroic by the population and depicted in epic folk poetry, giving them strong local support. 2148: 2111:(the martial law of self-defense), was employed to quash dissent and severe preventive measures were undertaken against civilians. 582: 7764: 7696: 7534: 7521: 7478: 7387: 7113: 6915: 6822: 6724: 6482: 6129: 5553:

National Conflicts, World Wars, Genocides, Expulsions, and Divided Remembrance in East-Central and Southeastern Europe, 1848-2018

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in Kosovo and the Vardar Valley. The Germans took control of all railways, mines, forestry, and agricultural resources in Serbia.

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Austrian historian Anton Holzer wrote that the Austro-Hungarian army carried out "countless and systematic massacres…against the

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A Living Anachronism?: European Diplomacy and the Habsburg Monarchy : Festschrift Für Francis Roy Bridge Zum 70. Geburtstag

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coast. Ultimately, around 140,000 Serbian soldiers and hundreds of thousands of civilians were evacuated to the Greek island of

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In early December, the Royal Serbian Army launched a sustained counterattack, decisively defeating the Austro-Hungarians at the

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According to the terms of the secret alliance between Bulgaria and Germany, the greater part of Kosovo, including the areas of

1858: 1678:) and with the "General Principles for the Imperial and Royal Military Administration in the Occupied Territories of Serbia" ( 1561: 1541: 1508: 865: 1133:, the exclusively Croat formation known as the Devil's Division, bashed a group of old men and boys to the ground using rifle 8019: 7660: 7594: 7310: 6983: 6002: 5858: 5709: 5688: 5667: 5646: 5625: 5604: 5561: 5540: 5519: 5487: 5420: 5399: 5378: 5357: 5336: 5315: 5294: 5273: 5252: 5220: 5199: 5178: 5157: 5136: 5115: 5094: 5073: 5052: 5031: 5010: 4978: 4957: 4925: 4904: 4883: 4858: 4837: 4816: 4795: 4774: 4753: 4732: 4711: 4690: 4669: 4637: 4605: 4584: 4563: 4542: 4521: 4500: 1820: 2598: 2460:

from Allied Headquarters in Salonica. He was parachuted in by air to organize resistance in Serbia together with Vojinović.

7835: 7255: 6040: 2035: 1588:), with the city of Belgrade as its own district. The occupational administration was subordinate to the AOK under General 1267: 5556:. Sitzungsberichte (Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse). Austrian Academy of Sciences. 7606: 6930: 6558: 6063: 1363:

in return for Bulgaria's participation in an upcoming invasion of Serbia. The agreement was signed in the German town of

981: 7820: 2200: 2196: 169: 7805: 7095: 6497: 6255: 5194:. G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated. 2565: 2095: 1771: 1449: 1352: 749: 339: 326: 2272:. Around 12,000 are estimated to have perished there. Other camps held both civilians and prisoners of war, including 2155:

prisoners. Moreover, Serbian prisoners were not considered "enemy aliens" but "internal enemies" by Austria-Hungary's

411: 7680: 7374: 7190: 6462: 5933: 5773: 2595: 2589: 2257:

and Mittendorf held both Serbian soldiers and civilians. Thousand of Serbs perished during a typhus epidemic at the

2156: 1244: 1130: 614: 136: 1398:

of Serbia. The offensive marked Austria-Hungary's fourth attempt to conquer Serbia, this time led by German General

572: 151: 141: 6860: 5898: 2586: 1199:." According to various sources, 30,000 Serbian civilians were executed during the first year of occupation alone. 146: 156: 7931: 7736: 7716: 7503: 7439: 7262: 7131: 6035: 5955: 5893: 2313: 1460:

use the Greek railroads devoted to supporting their mobilization. On 27 October, the Germans entered the town of

989: 802: 6596: 1243:'s offensive was stopped by a strong Serbian counterattack. On 23 October, the flagship of the Austro-Hungarian 7731: 7726: 7721: 7711: 7405: 6050: 6025: 5923: 1799: 1162: 539: 28: 2419: 1598: 1589: 1333:

to the east. The Austro-Hungarian leadership would not consider invading Serbia again for almost a year, when

7706: 7701: 7665: 7599: 7491: 7337: 6920: 6772: 6310: 6238: 6169: 5938: 5908: 5903: 1878:

and Colonel Hugo Kerchnawe, effective 26 July 1916. Rhemen remained in this office until the end of the war.

1403: 823: 907:. During the occupation, between 150,000 and 200,000 men, women and children were deported to purpose-built 8024: 7655: 7282: 7222: 7119: 7024: 6787: 6573: 6277: 6116: 6015: 1045: 739: 450: 104: 5765: 1808: 1074: 8029: 7893: 7330: 7315: 7173: 7125: 6890: 6441: 6315: 6228: 6223: 5992: 5980: 5975: 5370:... Report Upon the Atrocities Committed by the Austro-Hungarian Army During the First Invasion of Serbia 2745:

Front-line patrols were instructed to approach Serbian posts and deposit propaganda material such as the

2504: 2471:. The insurgents, supported by volunteers and Chetniks from Montenegro, liberated Kuršumlija, Prokuplje, 1334: 1113:

Mass killings took place in numerous towns in northern Serbia. On 17 August 1914, in the Serbian town of

888:

population and turn the country into a territory from which to draw food and exploit economic resources.

881: 129: 6502: 1226:

River, thereby bringing the first Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia to an end, and securing the first

1191:. Women were sent up to the front lines and mass-raped. The inhabitants of whole villages were taken as 1161:

reported on the atrocities committed by the Austro-Hungarian army in a report that was presented at the

7873: 7830: 7107: 6865: 6850: 6752: 6621: 6189: 6101: 6058: 5802: 2043: 1892: 1240: 1049: 795: 478: 440: 382: 226: 74: 1728:

were posted in groups of 20 to 30. If needed, patrol companies also served as mobile combat reserves.

884:, as the first Military Governor General. The goal of the new administration was to denationalise the 7815: 7583: 7167: 7155: 6910: 6895: 6616: 6507: 6201: 6179: 5928: 5918: 5851: 2580: 2382:, was inclined to respond positively to these appeals but Tisza and Conrad were firmly opposed to it. 2039: 2003: 1846: 1686:). Italian historian Oswald Überegger speaks of a "system of totalised, repressive occupation rule". 1319: 1306: 1248: 912: 873: 296: 241: 6762: 1751:

to volunteer for service in the Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces. Prominent Albanians in towns such as

1089:

During the first invasion of Serbia, which the Austro-Hungarian leadership euphemistically dubbed a

420: 7994: 7790: 7277: 7267: 7196: 7149: 7137: 7077: 6885: 6880: 6802: 6211: 6184: 5888: 5740: 5444: 2611: 2446: 1698:

The MGG was safeguarded by a permanent Austro-Hungarian garrison consisting, in August 1916, of 35

709: 642: 460: 274: 219: 511: 7861: 7853: 7795: 7555: 7250: 7013: 6840: 6835: 6767: 6626: 6611: 6606: 6586: 6467: 6344: 2614: 2483:. The uprising was planned to coincide with an Allied offensive. Later that month, a large scale 1896: 1709: 1605: 1549: 1481: 1477: 1453: 1387: 1346: 1069: 1057: 877: 846: 839: 6807: 2214: 1601:. The Military Governorate was headed by a General Governor with the rank of a corps commander. 1536: 7628: 7352: 7287: 7143: 6870: 6797: 6747: 6732: 6714: 6687: 6601: 6568: 6233: 6194: 6174: 5985: 5878: 2437:. In March 1916, General Conrad ordered that all resistance be quashed with ruthless severity. 2254: 2162: 2047: 1676:

Direktiven für die politische Verwaltung im Bereiche des Militärgeneralgouvernements in Serbien

1173: 661: 116: 5678: 5657: 5509: 5347: 5189: 5147: 5126: 5021: 4848: 4659: 4490: 2472: 1301:, commander during the first invasion of the 42nd Home Guard Infantry Division, was appointed 7618: 7272: 7161: 6937: 6900: 6830: 6777: 6699: 6667: 6641: 6591: 6522: 6424: 6377: 6161: 6030: 5913: 5594: 5168: 5105: 5063: 4680: 4627: 4553: 2706:) division, with the right for officers to use Serbo-Croatian instead of German or Hungarian. 2526: 2152: 2052: 1854: 1721: 1457: 1368: 1263: 1227: 955: 939: 869: 718: 592: 111: 5615: 1429: 1203: 1028: 838:'s declaration of war against Serbia on 28 July 1914 marked the beginning of the war. After 624: 7968: 7883: 6563: 6537: 6487: 5844: 2720: 2627: 2522: 1962: 1824: 1816: 1399: 1383: 1379: 943: 6512: 2086:

In 1916, both Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria announced that Serbia had ceased to exist as a

1255: 872:

on 1 January 1916 with a military governor at its head, seconded by a civil commissioner.

8: 7950: 7089: 6953: 6905: 6782: 6742: 6737: 6682: 6365: 6359: 6260: 1766:

A special commission to organise recruitment was set up by Thallóczy, assisted by former

1744: 1437: 850: 321: 7903: 5511:

Civilian Internment during the First World War: A European and Global History, 1914–1920

4120: 4118: 2442: 2379: 1395: 1298: 7910: 7825: 7184: 7048: 7030: 6995: 6959: 6792: 6757: 6709: 6694: 6581: 6532: 6371: 6330: 6010: 5830: 5464: 2219: 2175: 2144:

been estimated they represented slightly more than 10 per cent of the Serb population.

2091: 2024: 1965:, ordered Mackensen to mediate between the two parties, consequently Mackensen visited 1684:

Allgemeine Grundzüge für die K.u.K Militärverwaltung in den beset-zen Gebieten Serbiens

1314: 1219: 904: 651: 491: 286: 5752: 5680:

A Mad Catastrophe: The Outbreak of World War I and the Collapse of the Habsburg Empire

3930: 3774: 3772: 2434: 1609: 1122: 896: 562: 7943: 7937: 7898: 7800: 7633: 7216: 7071: 7054: 6855: 6677: 6657: 6492: 6477: 6407: 6395: 6096: 6073: 6020: 5705: 5684: 5663: 5642: 5621: 5600: 5557: 5536: 5515: 5483: 5468: 5416: 5395: 5374: 5353: 5332: 5311: 5290: 5286:

Dobojski logor: hronika o austrougarskom logoru interniraca u Doboju : 1915–1917

5269: 5265:

Yugoslavia in the Shadow of War: Veterans and the Limits of State Building, 1903–1945

5248: 5216: 5195: 5174: 5153: 5132: 5111: 5090: 5069: 5048: 5027: 5006: 4974: 4953: 4921: 4900: 4879: 4854: 4833: 4812: 4791: 4770: 4749: 4728: 4707: 4686: 4665: 4633: 4601: 4580: 4559: 4538: 4517: 4496: 4115: 2749:

in order to encourage desertion by promising freedom to those longing to return home.

2699: 2691: 2128: 2102: 1811:, supported the annexation of Serbia, but only if it would be allotted to Hungary. 1756: 1717: 1465: 1356: 1177: 1090: 1005: 977: 947: 827: 691: 671: 604: 521: 393: 311: 236: 83: 57: 5617:

Genocide at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century: Rwanda, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Darfur

2425: 2116: 1468:

in Kosovo. On 5 November, Niš was taken by the Bulgarians who had connected General

1277:

Serbian troops march through the Austro-Hungarian border town of Semlin (modern-day

1102: 378: 7001: 6971: 6965: 6875: 6704: 6672: 6662: 6401: 6325: 6320: 6248: 6068: 5968: 5456: 4876:

The Executioner's Smile. The Unknown War Against The Civilian Population, 1914–1918

3769: 2621: 2518: 2488: 2484: 2277: 2180: 2151:, Serbian prisoners did not have access to the aid the Red Cross provided to other 2087: 2046:

were closed down and looted of their historical artifacts and art collections. The

1970: 1958: 1919: 1875: 1748: 1621: 1496: 1469: 1302: 1188: 1145: 951: 924: 430: 316: 306: 5727: 5479:

Fall of the Double Eagle: The Battle for Galicia and the Demise of Austria-Hungary

2463:

In early February 1917, a rebellion led by Vojinović broke out in the vicinity of

2457: 2072: 1990: 1492:, among them the entire Serbian government, as well as the Serbian royal family. 7810: 7650: 6989: 6542: 6517: 6216: 6124: 5963: 5699: 5636: 5583: 5572: 5551: 5530: 5498: 5477: 5460: 5432:"Manifestation österreichisch-ungarischer Besatzungsmacht in Belgrad (1916–1918)" 5410: 5389: 5368: 5326: 5305: 5284: 5263: 5242: 5231: 5210: 5084: 5042: 5000: 4989: 4968: 4947: 4936: 4915: 4894: 4869: 4827: 4806: 4785: 4764: 4743: 4722: 4701: 4648: 4616: 4595: 4574: 4532: 4511: 2367: 2329: 2243: 2223: 2028: 2016: 2012: 1999: 1713: 1679: 1671: 1625: 1581: 1573: 1565: 1553: 1415: 1286: 1207: 1166: 1158: 1094: 1033: 1001: 993: 860:

Serbia was divided into two separate occupation zones, an Austro-Hungarian and a

835: 501: 261: 1941:

Tensions started over the respective zones of influence and military control in

1850: 1828: 1653: 1530: 1310:

Scianna, the Austro-Hungarian atrocities had a planned exterminatory character.

853:

attacked from the east. By January 1916, all of Serbia had been occupied by the

7643: 7623: 7294: 7007: 6845: 6636: 6527: 6383: 6287: 6270: 5247:. Collection "Les nations dans la Grande Guerre." (in French). 14–18 Éditions. 4787:

The Resurrection and Collapse of Empire in Habsburg Serbia, 1914–1918: Volume 1

4766:

The Balkans: Nationalism, War, and the Great Powers, 1804-2012: New and Updated

4466: 4418: 2568: 2480: 2392: 2192: 1767: 1518: 1330: 1106: 1037: 854: 548: 473: 291: 5641:. His War and revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945. Stanford University Press. 3757: 3627: 3081: 2321:

prisoners, and at least 30,000–40,000 had died of starvation by January 1918.

1938:, established as part of the Austro-Hungarian Military Governorate of Serbia. 1842: 1140: 7983: 7754: 7042: 7036: 6472: 6389: 6300: 2648: 2574: 2285: 2273: 2230:), where about 17,000 internees, mostly from Serbia and Montenegro, were held 1731: 1635:

In December 1916, Thallóczy was killed in a train crash while returning from

1594: 1526: 1514: 1323: 1273: 1215: 1202:

On 24 August, after delivering a major defeat to Austria-Hungary's invading "

928: 843: 785: 61: 4938:

The military administration in the areas occupied by Austro-Hungarian troops

3947: 3945: 2464: 2203:, Czech Republic), held mostly Serbs, both soldiers and civilians, from the 1044:, who had been responsible for the security of Franz Ferdinand and his wife 7204: 6631: 5728:"Doboj: Anniversary of the founding of the Austro-Hungarian camp for Serbs" 5596:

Paramilitarism in the Balkans: Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania, 1917–1924

2493: 2356:, an administrative body in Belgrade then transported to Austria-Hungary. 2239: 2211:

districts of western Serbia. An average of 40 people died there every day.

2076:

Public execution of alleged Serbian guerrillas by Austro-Hungarian troops,

1947: 1804: 348: 301: 4727:. Selected books by Antonije Đurić (in Serbian). NIRO "Književne novine". 4163: 2297: 1461: 932: 849:

breached the Serbian front from the north and west in October 1915, while

7415: 7320: 7018: 6446: 5867: 3957: 3942: 3603: 3144: 1870: 1836: 1781: 1725: 1658: 1024: 1009: 971: 892: 831: 558: 256: 5786:"A History of the First World War in 100 Moments: Austro-Hungarian army" 5772: 3936: 2204: 1935: 1915: 1903: 1456:

refused to let the Greek army enter the war to aid the Serbs or let the

1149: 5065:

Rodolphe Archibald Reiss: criminaliste et moraliste de la Grande guerre

4970:

Dynamic of Destruction: Culture and Mass Killing in the First World War

2402: 2258: 1752: 1699: 1433: 1371:

could hardly muster half the number of soldiers as the Central Powers.

1360: 1134: 899:, burn villages in punitive raids and respond to uprisings with public 374: 181: 4935:

Kerchnawe, H.; Mitzka, R.; Sobotka, F.; Leidl, H.; Krauss, A. (1928).

4899:. Yugoslavia: Political Diaries, 1918–1965. Archive Editions Limited. 4105: 4103: 2002:

was banned by the Austro-Hungarian authorities. A portrait of Emperor

1951: 1931: 1760: 1374: 1270:, Belgrade on 30 November, forcing the Royal Serbian Army to retreat. 1085:

and the site of many atrocities committed against the local population

7210: 6977: 5701:

The Cambridge History of the First World War: Volume 3, Civil Society

5574:

Serbia and the Serbian Nation during the War and Occupation 1914–1918

4576:

1914: Austria-Hungary, the Origins, and the First Year of World War I

4175: 3033: 2468: 2438: 1704: 1525:

River. A German control zone was established in the area east of the

1359:, parts of northeastern Serbia, as well as a new loan of 200,000,000 370: 201: 176: 5496: 5431: 4952:. Atlantic studies on society in change. Social Science Monographs. 4492:

The Purpose of the First World War: War Aims and Military Strategies

3778: 2293: 1617: 1048:

in Sarajevo. On the morning of 12 August 1914, the Austro-Hungarian

7470: 5349:

The First World War and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914–1918

4629:

The Undermining of Austria-Hungary: The Battle for Hearts and Minds

4100: 3021: 2577: 2309: 2281: 2208: 1927: 1911: 1485: 1441: 1423: 1016: 997: 900: 366: 231: 191: 34: 5532:

The Oxford Illustrated History of the First World War: New Edition

3986: 3984: 3510: 3508: 1657:

A poster dated 18 September 1916 announcing the implementation of

1326:

epidemic that further decimated the army and civilian population.

1114: 1078: 842:

between August and December 1914, a combined Austro-Hungarian and

4682:

Censorship and Propaganda in World War I: A Comprehensive History

2716: 2555:

Personnel list of the Military General Government in Serbia, 1916

2289: 2247: 2227: 2188: 2184: 1995: 1942: 1907: 1888: 1662: 1411: 1259: 1239:

resistance, the Fifth Army was pushed back into Bosnia while the

1196: 1192: 1126: 206: 186: 5766:"Nežider, Austro-Hungarian Camp for Serbian Prisoners 1914–1918" 5128:

Serbia and the Balkan Front, 1914: The Outbreak of the Great War

3243: 2301: 1394:

On 5 October 1915, Austria-Hungary and Germany launched a joint

5345: 4495:. Schriften des Historischen Kollegs. De Gruyter. p. 129. 4472: 4424: 4253: 3981: 3763: 3633: 3505: 3098: 3096: 3087: 2476: 2333:

A Serbian Relief Fund campaign poster distributed in New York,

1661:

in occupied Serbia. The sentence for possession of a weapon is

1636: 1522: 1419: 1364: 1285:

The conquered territory was divided into five county commands (

759: 362: 281: 251: 246: 5836: 2630:

Hermann Kövess von Kövessháza (October 1918 – 1 November 1918)

2605: 1712:

of patrol troops, 12 units of railway guards, four-and-a-half

1407: 7638: 5047:. A Johns Hopkins paperback. Johns Hopkins University Press. 4442: 4430: 4270: 4268: 2265: 1966: 1950:

issued an ultimatum to the Austrians to immediately evacuate

1489: 1278: 1184: 1082: 1053: 1020: 916: 885: 196: 5831:

Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague IV); October 18, 1907

5445:"Reporting Atrocities: Archibald Reiss in Serbia, 1914–1918" 5107:

The Great War and Memory in Central and South-Eastern Europe

4790:. Cambridge Military Histories. Cambridge University Press. 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3093: 2973: 2547:

List of administrators of occupied Serbia during World War I

1262:

on 15 November and with support from a monitor group of the

4934: 4745:

Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans during World War I

4384: 4382: 3609: 2905: 2903: 2901: 1736: 1223: 1063: 48:(2 years, 10 months, 4 weeks and 1 day) 5346:

Rauchensteiner, M.; Kay, A.J.; Güttel-Bellert, A. (2014).

4945: 4829:

The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914–1918

4572: 4292: 4265: 4169: 3963: 3951: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3332: 3330: 3150: 5827:

at the International Encyclopedia of the First World War.

5800: 5774:"Prisoners of War in Bulgaria during the First World War" 5044:

Between Peace and War: The Nature of International Crisis

4231: 4229: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4020: 3920: 3918: 3850: 3378: 3368: 3366: 3192: 3039: 2657:

Invasion of Serbia by Bulgaria during the First World War

2114:

The occupational authorities were gripped by the fear of

1985: 1743:

To help police the civilian population and to track down

1351:

On 6 September 1915, Germany and Bulgaria entered into a

1233: 7990:

Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia during World War I

4513:

Ideology, Politics, and Diplomacy in East Central Europe

4394: 4379: 4352: 4304: 4190: 4088: 4037: 4035: 3840: 3838: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3156: 3120: 2898: 5784: 5753:"Mausoleum at Jindřichovice – Serbian Prisoners of War" 4369: 4367: 4328: 3969: 3903: 3862: 3801: 3799: 3716: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3615: 3569: 3567: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3447: 3445: 3411: 3399: 3327: 3279: 3221: 3219: 3027: 3009: 2963: 2961: 2888: 2886: 2826: 2814: 2715:

Both Sarkotić and Salis-Seewis joined the ranks of the

1788: 1081:, pictured in August 1914, was the first target of the 4454: 4226: 4132: 4076: 4064: 4047: 3915: 3363: 3351: 3303: 3255: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2915: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2166:

Serbian prisoners of war in Austro-Hungarian captivity

1418:'s relief force, which had advanced northwards up the 1222:

liberated Šabac and reached the frontier banks of the

5215:. Central European studies. Purdue University Press. 5005:. Armenian Research Center collection. Dorset Press. 4600:. Central European studies. Purdue University Press. 4573:

Bischof, G.; Karlhofer, F.; Williamson, S.R. (2014).

4534:

L'agonie d'une Monarchie, Autriche-Hongrie, 1914–1920

4340: 4316: 4241: 4214: 4202: 4032: 4008: 3996: 3835: 3811: 3745: 3728: 3651: 3591: 3525: 3523: 3493: 3469: 3457: 3315: 3291: 3267: 3231: 3204: 3180: 3108: 2838: 2174:

The second and largest deportations took place after

1735:

An Austro-Hungarian patrol company in the streets of

1580:), which were then divided into sixty-four boroughs ( 5751: 4614: 4406: 4364: 4280: 4151: 4124: 4109: 3879: 3823: 3796: 3784: 3704: 3675: 3564: 3547: 3535: 3442: 3216: 3168: 3057: 2958: 2883: 2850: 2638: 2540: 5599:. The Greater War Series. Oxford University Press. 5310:. Special edition / . Institut for Balkan Studies. 5086:

The German Delegation at the Paris Peace Conference

3663: 3639: 3132: 3069: 2997: 2985: 2939: 2927: 2862: 2324: 1922:, were to fall under Bulgarian rule as part of the 5191:Only the Nails Remain: Scenes from the Balkan Wars 5023:Guerrilla Warfare: A Historical and Critical Study 3891: 3692: 3579: 3520: 3481: 3045: 2802: 2101:The occupational authorities carried out numerous 1807:status. Austria-Hungary's Joint Foreign Minister, 1337:participation in such an invasion was guaranteed. 4987: 3249: 1881: 7981: 4846: 4657: 4509: 4259: 3990: 3514: 3430: 2698:) was the only unit designated as a Home Guard ( 2138: 1502: 6813:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 4706:. War, technology, and history. ABC-CLIO, LLC. 1004:'s prestige necessitated a punishing attack on 5244:La Serbie: du martyre à la victoire, 1914–1918 5061: 4661:Military Occupations in First World War Europe 2979: 2770:(summary justice), punishments, and the like." 2559: 2034:Significant cultural institutions such as the 1137:and then hanged any who were still breathing. 868:(MGG/S), an administration established by the 840:three unsuccessful Austro-Hungarian offensives 5852: 5738: 5655: 5497:Schweizerische Offiziersgesellschaft (1968). 5366: 4847:Höbelt, L.; Otte, T.G.; Bridge, F.R. (2010). 4811:. Vintage. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 4646: 4555:Russia's Last Gasp: The Eastern Front 1916–17 4473:Rauchensteiner, Kay & Güttel-Bellert 2014 4448: 4436: 4425:Rauchensteiner, Kay & Güttel-Bellert 2014 3937:Faculty of History, Cambridge University 2017 3764:Rauchensteiner, Kay & Güttel-Bellert 2014 3634:Rauchensteiner, Kay & Güttel-Bellert 2014 3102: 3088:Rauchensteiner, Kay & Güttel-Bellert 2014 2909: 2199:camp). The camp at Heinrichsgrün (modern-day 1521:, and Southern Serbia between Kosovo and the 1386:visiting an Austro-Hungarian unit during the 803: 5500:Allgemeine schweizerische militärzeitschrift 4949:East Central European Society in World War I 2765: 2759: 2667:Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I) 2361: 2351: 2345: 2122: 2106: 1980: 1355:. German officials promised Bulgaria all of 7303: 5570: 5394:(in French). Creative Media Partners, LLC. 5236:(in Serbian). Serbian Literary Association. 4026: 3126: 2606:Austro-Hungarian military governors-general 1148:showing Serbs being executed by hanging in 1019:from the border town of Semlin (modern-day 5859: 5845: 5739:Holzer, Anton; Spiegel, Der (2008-10-06). 5634: 5324: 4973:. Making of the Modern World. OUP Oxford. 4917:Potiorek: General im Schatten von Sarajevo 4593: 4488: 4298: 4274: 3856: 3393: 3198: 2429:The burned-out remains of a train in Šabac 1422:River valley from the Allies' new base in 810: 796: 33:Austro-Hungarian troops in the streets of 27: 8010:1918 disestablishments in Austria-Hungary 5475: 3779:Schweizerische Offiziersgesellschaft 1968 3162: 2832: 2820: 1857:was pursuing its own political agenda in 7102:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 5778:Faculty of History, Cambridge University 5528: 5303: 5229: 5208: 5149:King of Battle: Artillery in World War I 4804: 4625: 4400: 4388: 4358: 4310: 4196: 4170:Bischof, Karlhofer & Williamson 2014 4094: 3975: 3964:Bischof, Karlhofer & Williamson 2014 3952:Bischof, Karlhofer & Williamson 2014 3924: 3909: 3873: 3722: 3621: 3424: 3405: 3336: 3285: 3261: 3015: 2921: 2784:life-size model of one of their hideout. 2672:Nazi occupation of Serbia (World War II) 2550: 2521:and the success of Allied forces at the 2424: 2328: 2213: 2161: 2071: 1989: 1841: 1730: 1652: 1548:On 1 January 1916, the Austro-Hungarian 1535: 1452:with Serbia against a Bulgarian attack, 1428: 1373: 1272: 1139: 1073: 1064:Punitive expedition and first occupation 7479:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 5763: 5442: 5391:How Austria-Hungary Waged War in Serbia 5282: 5187: 5019: 4913: 4699: 4460: 4334: 4157: 4002: 3372: 3357: 3321: 3309: 3297: 3273: 3138: 2856: 2844: 2622:Adolf Freiherr von Rhemen zu Barensfeld 2512: 1895:himself repeatedly told Bulgarian king 1643: 958:on 30 September, followed by the quick 8000:1915 establishments in Austria-Hungary 7982: 5813:from the original on 14 December 2021. 5796:from the original on 17 February 2018. 5697: 5581: 5549: 5507: 5449:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 5429: 5261: 5166: 5145: 5103: 5082: 4998: 4988:Khristov, K.A.; Markovski, D. (1985). 4966: 4892: 4867: 4832:. Modern Wars. Bloomsbury Publishing. 4825: 4769:. House of Anansi Press Incorporated. 4762: 4703:Invasion: The Conquest of Serbia, 1915 4551: 4346: 4322: 4235: 4208: 4145: 4082: 4070: 4058: 4041: 4014: 3844: 3817: 3751: 3739: 3686: 3657: 3597: 3573: 3558: 3529: 3499: 3475: 3463: 3451: 3237: 3210: 3186: 3114: 2967: 2892: 2662:Military General Governorate of Serbia 2525:, Bulgaria capitulated and signed the 1986:Denationalisation and depoliticisation 1562:Military General Governorate of Serbia 1542:Military General Governorate of Serbia 1509:Military General Governorate of Serbia 1234:Repulsed invasions and Serbian victory 1176:, touring Serbia with Canadian artist 866:Military General Governorate of Serbia 8035:World War I crimes by Austria-Hungary 7432:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 6768:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 5840: 5676: 5613: 5592: 5408: 5387: 5040: 4741: 4720: 4653:. William Clowes & Sons, Limited. 4412: 4286: 4247: 4220: 3885: 3829: 3805: 3790: 3710: 3669: 3645: 3585: 3541: 3225: 3174: 3063: 3003: 2933: 2877: 2808: 2344:conducted by Special units, known as 2312:intervened through the office of the 2015:was termed "dangerous to the state" ( 1969:to meet Ferdinand and Prime Minister 1570:Militärgeneralgouvernement in Serbien 1340: 22:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 7836:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 5726: 5620:. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 4. 5367:Reiss, R.A.; Copeland, F.S. (2018). 5240: 5124: 5002:The Serbs: The Guardians of the Gate 4808:Catastrophe 1914: Europe Goes to War 4783: 4678: 4647:Dawnay, G.P.; Headlam, C.M. (1933). 4530: 4510:Biskupski, M.B.; Wandycz, P (2003). 4373: 4181: 3897: 3698: 3487: 3436: 3075: 3051: 3040:Deutsche Welle & 12 October 2014 2991: 2952: 2601:(27 September 1915 – 1 January 1916) 1998:learning Latin characters after the 1789:Conflicts between the Central Powers 1693: 1560:; AOK) ordered the formation of the 1083:Austro-Hungarian punitive expedition 740:Federal unit of Socialist Yugoslavia 7765:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 6559:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 5328:Serbia: The History Behind the Name 4724:Belgrade during the First World War 2615:Johann Ulrich Graf von Salis-Seewis 2571:(12 August 1914 – 27 December 1914) 942:forces, spearheaded by the Serbian 13: 6498:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 5801:Deutsche Welle (12 October 2014). 5656:Tucker, S.; Roberts, P.M. (2005). 5585:Das internationale Landkriegsrecht 5289:(in Serbian). Narodna Biblioteka. 5173:. Casemate Publishers (Ignition). 3342: 3028:The Independent & 7 April 2014 2690:The 42nd Honvéd Devil's Division ( 2372:Deutsch-orientalische Gesellschaft 2187:, the camp at Braunau (modern-day 2147:Since Serbia did not have its own 1831:'s directives, strongly opposed. 976:On 28 June 1914, the heir to the 909:internment and concentration camps 327:Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum 14: 8046: 5818: 5415:. FRANKLIN CLASSICS TRADE Press. 5373:. FRANKLIN CLASSICS TRADE Press. 5307:Serbia and Italy in the Great War 5170:The German Army Guerrilla Warfare 5110:. Balkan Studies Library. Brill. 5062:Levental, Z.; Kordić, M. (1992). 4537:. TEXTO (in French). Tallandier. 4516:. University of Rochester Press. 2592:(27 May 1915 – 27 September 1915) 2541:Military commanders and governors 2517:In September 1918, following the 1853:was alarmed to discover that the 1670:Military Governorate in Serbia" ( 1478:winter retreat over the mountains 1436:with German troops occupying the 1131:42nd Home Guard Infantry Division 911:in Austria-Hungary, most notably 750:Constituent state with Montenegro 8015:1918 disestablishments in Serbia 6861:Second Battle of the Piave River 6483:Russian invasion of East Prussia 5803:"Austrougarski zločini u Srbiji" 5443:Scianna, Bastian Matteo (2012). 2773: 2641: 2583:(27 December 1914 – 27 May 1915) 2350:. Seized materials were sent to 2325:Economic exploitation and famine 1056:River, effectively starting the 830:from late 1915 until the end of 779: 93: 46:1 January 1916 – 1 November 1918 7932:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 7132:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 5866: 5825:The second occupation of Serbia 4594:Calic, M.J.; Geyer, D. (2019). 4481: 2752: 2739: 2726: 2709: 2684: 2314:Apostolic Nunciature to Austria 2242:district; Nezsider (modern-day 1835:law of Croatian independentist 1105:, where according to historian 1029:Austro-Hungarian invasion force 7755:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 7614:Deportations from East Prussia 7411:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 5764:Nikolic, Jelena (2013-12-17). 5704:. Cambridge University Press. 5268:. Cambridge University Press. 3515:Höbelt, Otte & Bridge 2010 1882:Austro-Bulgarian confrontation 1648: 1163:Paris Peace Conference of 1919 573:Banate of Lugoj and Caransebeș 1: 8005:1916 establishments in Serbia 7666:Ukrainian Canadian internment 5430:Scheer, Tamara (2011-01-01). 5212:Serbia's Great War, 1914–1918 5152:. History of Warfare. Brill. 4658:De Schaepdrijver, S. (2016). 4615:Conway Publications. (1918). 3250:Khristov & Markovski 1985 2791: 2723:Ustaše movement in the 1930s. 2599:Hermann Kövess von Kövessháza 2409: 2334: 2139:Deportation and forced labour 2077: 2067: 1793: 1503:Administration and governance 965: 824:Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces 16:1914–1918 military occupation 8020:Invasions by Austria-Hungary 7821:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 7120:Estonian War of Independence 6788:Southern Palestine offensive 5461:10.1080/13518046.2012.730395 5068:(in French). L'Age d'homme. 4260:Biskupski & Wandycz 2003 2796: 2624:(6 July 1916 – October 1918) 2617:(1 January 1916 – July 1916) 2590:Karl Tersztyánszky von Nádas 2179:of deportations. During the 1924:Military Region of Macedonia 1616:Division officer and future 1604:The first governor-general, 7: 7775:USA against Austria-Hungary 7174:Turkish War of Independence 7126:Latvian War of Independence 6851:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 6442:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 5720: 4878:] (in German). Primus. 2634: 2560:Austro-Hungarian commanders 1821:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1599:Arthur Arz von Straußenburg 1590:Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf 1484:and Montenegro towards the 1450:treaty of mutual assistance 1172:American war correspondent 1046:Duchess Sophie of Hohenberg 948:Yugoslav Volunteer Division 10: 8051: 7858:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 7406:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 6866:Second Battle of the Marne 6753:Second battle of the Aisne 6622:Second Battle of Champagne 6463:German invasion of Belgium 2980:Levental & Kordić 1992 2544: 2403:humanitarian organisations 1994:Serbian schoolchildren in 1800:Chief of the General Staff 1506: 1454:King Constantine of Greece 1344: 1152:as Austrian soldiers pose. 1067: 1040:, the Governor-General of 969: 7964: 7923: 7844: 7783: 7745: 7689: 7678: 7639:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 7582: 7554: 7502: 7424: 7398: 7350: 7243: 7236: 7168:Irish War of Independence 7064: 6946: 6911:Armistice of Villa Giusti 6896:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 6821: 6723: 6650: 6551: 6508:First Battle of the Marne 6455: 6417: 6352: 6343: 6286: 6160: 6149: 6115: 6087: 6049: 6001: 5954: 5947: 5874: 5833:Hague Conventions of 1907 5734:(in Serbian). 2012-12-03. 5659:World War I: Encyclopedia 5514:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 5325:Pavlowitch, S.K. (2002). 4748:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 4685:. Routledge. p. 50. 4632:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 4558:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 4449:Dawnay & Headlam 1933 4437:Tucker & Roberts 2005 4110:Conway Publications. 1918 3103:Tucker & Roberts 2005 2910:Holzer & Spiegel 2008 2276:, Nagymegyer (modern-day 2056:(published in Serbian as 1981:Life under the occupation 1876:Adolf Freiherr von Rhemen 1847:Prime Minister of Hungary 1809:Stephan Burián von Rajecz 1772:Hague Convention treaties 1624:. Military intelligence ( 1320:Archduke Eugen of Austria 52: 42: 26: 7791:Constantinople Agreement 7084:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 6947:Co-belligerent conflicts 6916:Second Romanian campaign 6886:Third Transjordan attack 6597:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 6503:Battle of Grand Couronné 5757:Serbian Prisoners of War 5571:Stojančević, V. (1988). 5476:Schindler, J.R. (2015). 5026:. Taylor & Francis. 4664:. Taylor & Francis. 4126:Serbian Prisoners of War 2677: 2447:Prime Minister of Serbia 2395:, Land Without Justice, 2234:In Hungary, the largest 2006:can be seen on the wall. 1606:Johann Graf Salis-Seewis 1353:secret military alliance 1293:). The Austro-Hungarian 1230:victory of World War I. 1058:first invasion of Serbia 1023:), effectively starting 982:Archduke Franz Ferdinand 7854:Modus vivendi of Acroma 7806:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 7114:Greater Poland Uprising 7014:National Protection War 6891:Meuse–Argonne offensive 6841:German spring offensive 6836:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 6612:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 6587:Second Battle of Artois 6468:Battle of the Frontiers 5635:Tomasevich, J. (1975). 5331:. Hurst & Company. 5304:Pavlović, V.G. (2019). 5131:. Bloomsbury Academic. 4999:Laffan, R.G.D. (1989). 4679:Demm, Eberhard (2019). 4597:A History of Yugoslavia 4489:Afflerbach, H. (2015). 1722:anti-aircraft batteries 1347:Serbian campaign (1915) 1070:Serbian campaign (1914) 878:Johann von Salis-Seewis 425:11th–12th century 7879:Paris Peace Conference 7867:Ukraine–Central Powers 7661:Massacres of Albanians 7629:Late Ottoman genocides 7436:Bulgarian occupations 7144:Third Anglo-Afghan War 7108:Hungarian–Romanian War 6926:Naval Victory Bulletin 6921:Armistice with Germany 6871:Hundred Days Offensive 6798:Battle of La Malmaison 6748:Second battle of Arras 6715:Battle of Transylvania 6569:Second Battle of Ypres 6437:Sarajevo assassination 6326:South African Republic 5529:Strachan, Hew (2014). 4700:DiNardo, R.L. (2015). 4621:. Conway Publications. 4275:Calic & Geyer 2019 3394:Calic & Geyer 2019 2766: 2760: 2703: 2695: 2556: 2510: 2430: 2398: 2371: 2362: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2231: 2167: 2123: 2107: 2083: 2048:University of Belgrade 2020: 2007: 1862: 1740: 1683: 1675: 1666: 1629: 1585: 1577: 1569: 1557: 1545: 1445: 1391: 1297:of Croatian ethnicity 1291:Etappenbezirkskommando 1290: 1282: 1211: 1153: 1119:Feldmarschall-Leutnant 1098: 1086: 1042:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1000:. The preservation of 874:Emperor Franz Joseph I 662:Principality of Serbia 643:Serbia 1804–1918 388:7th–10th century 359:Principality of Serbia 7889:Treaty of St. Germain 7862:Russia–Central Powers 7816:Sykes–Picot Agreement 7644:Pontic Greek genocide 7619:Destruction of Kalisz 7595:Eastern Mediterranean 7156:Polish–Lithuanian War 6938:Armistice of Belgrade 6901:Armistice of Salonica 6831:Operation Faustschlag 6778:Third Battle of Oituz 6700:Baranovichi offensive 6668:Lake Naroch offensive 6642:Battle of Robat Karim 6617:Vistula–Bug offensive 6592:Battles of the Isonzo 6523:First Battle of Ypres 5262:Newman, J.P. (2015). 5233:Serbia in World War I 5230:Mitrović, A. (1984). 5209:Mitrović, A. (2007). 4991:A History of Bulgaria 4896:Yugoslavia: 1938-1948 4893:Jarman, R.L. (1997). 4826:Herwig, H.H. (2014). 4805:Hastings, M. (2013). 4626:Cornwall, M. (2000). 4618:Manufacturers' Record 3991:De Schaepdrijver 2016 3610:Kerchnawe et al. 1928 2747:Belgrader Nachrichten 2612:Feldmarschallleutnant 2554: 2527:Armistice of Salonica 2499: 2428: 2384: 2332: 2217: 2165: 2075: 2062:Belgrader Nachrichten 2053:Belgrader Nachrichten 2036:Royal Serbian Academy 1993: 1855:Austro-Hungarian army 1845: 1734: 1656: 1539: 1507:Further information: 1432: 1377: 1276: 1268:aerial reconnaissance 1143: 1077: 956:surrender of Bulgaria 880:, an officer born in 870:Austro-Hungarian Army 719:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 615:Habsburg-ruled Serbia 593:Great Serb Migrations 502:Prince Lazar's Serbia 461:King Dragutin's realm 37:during the occupation 7884:Treaty of Versailles 7600:Mount Lebanon famine 7515:in the United States 7483:Russian occupations 7197:Turkish–Armenian War 7138:Polish–Ukrainian War 7078:Ukrainian–Soviet War 7025:Central Asian Revolt 6808:Armistice of Focșani 6538:Battle of Sarikamish 6488:Battle of Tannenberg 5884:Military engagements 5409:Reiss, R.A. (2018). 5388:Reiss, R.A. (2019). 5352:. V&r Academic. 5283:Paravac, D. (2002). 5188:Merrill, C. (2001). 5041:Lebow, R.N. (1981). 5020:Laqueur, W. (2017). 4914:Jeřábek, R. (1991). 3348:DiNardo 2015, p. 116 2721:Croatian nationalist 2628:Generalfeldmarschall 2523:Battle of Dobro Pole 2513:Liberation of Serbia 2353:Materialsammelstelle 1963:Erich von Falkenhayn 1644:System of occupation 1630:Nachrichtenabteilung 1404:Army Group Mackensen 1400:August von Mackensen 1384:August von Mackensen 1380:Generalfeldmarschall 1307:Emperor Franz Joseph 1256:large calibre mortar 960:liberation of Serbia 950:, broke through the 549:Ottoman-ruled Serbia 398:around 969–976 8025:Invasions of Serbia 7951:They shall not pass 7874:Treaty of Bucharest 7831:Treaty of Bucharest 7770:USA against Germany 7747:Declarations of war 7451:German occupations 7364:British casualties 7223:Soviet–Georgian War 7150:Egyptian Revolution 7090:Armeno-Georgian War 6954:Somaliland campaign 6906:Armistice of Mudros 6783:Battle of Caporetto 6773:Battle of Mărășești 6743:Zimmermann telegram 6738:February Revolution 6683:Battle of the Somme 6607:Bug-Narew Offensive 6582:Battle of Gallipoli 6574:Sinking of the RMS 6366:Scramble for Africa 6360:Franco-Prussian War 6016:Sinai and Palestine 5698:Winter, J. (2014). 5582:Strupp, K. (1914). 5550:Suppan, A. (2019). 5508:Stibbe, M. (2019). 5503:(in German). Huber. 5241:Moal, F.L. (2008). 5167:Melson, C. (2019). 5146:Marble, S. (2016). 5104:Luthar, O. (2016). 5083:Luckau, A. (1971). 4967:Kramer, A. (2008). 4868:Holzer, A. (2014). 4784:Gumz, J.E. (2014). 4763:Glenny, M. (2012). 4552:Buttar, P. (2016). 4531:Bled, J.P. (2014). 1874:commander, General 1823:' envoy in Serbia, 1718:artillery batteries 1204:Balkan Armed Forces 1195:and humiliated and 1091:punitive expedition 938:In September 1918, 583:Habsburg occupation 522:Despotate of Serbia 322:Diocese of Pannonia 23: 8030:Massacres of Serbs 7911:Treaty of Lausanne 7826:Paris Economy Pact 7760:UK against Germany 7690:Entry into the war 7656:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 7375:Ottoman casualties 7185:Franco-Turkish War 7065:Post-War conflicts 7049:Russian Revolution 7031:Invasion of Darfur 6996:Kelantan rebellion 6984:Kurdish rebellions 6960:Mexican Revolution 6793:October Revolution 6758:Kerensky offensive 6733:Capture of Baghdad 6710:Monastir offensive 6695:Brusilov offensive 6533:Battle of Kolubara 6372:Russo-Japanese War 5677:Wawro, G. (2014). 5614:Tatum, D. (2010). 5593:Tasic, D. (2020). 5588:(in German). Baer. 4742:Fried, M. (2014). 4721:Đurić, A. (1987). 4650:The Army Quarterly 3151:Kiraly et al. 1985 2557: 2431: 2341: 2232: 2220:concentration camp 2168: 2108:Kriegsnotwehrrecht 2103:summary executions 2092:Geneva Conventions 2084: 2025:Gregorian calendar 2008: 1863: 1757:Kosovska Mitrovica 1741: 1667: 1592:, and later under 1546: 1544:and its districts. 1446: 1438:Kalemegdan Citadel 1392: 1341:Conquest of Serbia 1315:Battle of Kolubara 1283: 1281:) in December 1914 1220:Royal Serbian Army 1212:Balkanstreitkräfte 1185:Serbian population 1154: 1087: 905:summary executions 760:Republic of Serbia 652:Serbian Revolution 492:Lordship of Prilep 441:Grand Principality 287:Dacia Mediterranea 21: 7977: 7976: 7960: 7959: 7944:The Golden Virgin 7938:Mutilated victory 7919: 7918: 7899:Treaty of Trianon 7894:Treaty of Neuilly 7801:Damascus Protocol 7674: 7673: 7634:Armenian genocide 7591:Allied blockades 7563:Belgian refugees 7346: 7345: 7256:Strategic bombing 7232: 7231: 7217:Franco-Syrian War 7191:Greco-Turkish War 7179:Anglo-Turkish War 7162:Polish–Soviet War 7096:German Revolution 7072:Russian Civil War 7055:Finnish Civil War 6881:Battle of Megiddo 6856:Battle of Goychay 6803:Battle of Cambrai 6763:Battle of Mărăști 6678:Battle of Jutland 6658:Erzurum offensive 6513:Siege of Przemyśl 6493:Siege of Tsingtao 6478:Battle of Galicia 6408:Second Balkan War 6396:Italo-Turkish War 6353:Pre-War conflicts 6339: 6338: 6229:Portuguese Empire 6145: 6144: 6107:German New Guinea 6089:Asian and Pacific 5711:978-1-316-02554-3 5690:978-0-465-08081-6 5669:978-1-85109-420-2 5648:978-0-8047-0857-9 5627:978-0-230-10967-4 5606:978-0-19-885832-4 5563:978-3-7001-8657-1 5542:978-0-19-164041-4 5521:978-1-137-57191-5 5489:978-1-61234-806-3 5482:. Potomac Books. 5422:978-0-353-06558-1 5401:978-0-353-68572-7 5380:978-0-344-98444-0 5359:978-3-205-79588-9 5338:978-1-85065-477-3 5317:978-86-7179-103-8 5296:978-86-7536-008-7 5275:978-1-107-07076-9 5254:978-2-916385-18-1 5222:978-1-55753-476-7 5201:978-0-7425-1686-1 5180:978-1-61200-798-4 5159:978-90-04-30728-5 5138:978-1-4725-8003-0 5125:Lyon, J. (2015). 5117:978-90-04-31623-2 5096:978-0-86527-078-7 5075:978-2-8251-0197-1 5054:978-0-8018-2311-4 5033:978-1-351-51657-0 5012:978-0-88029-413-3 4980:978-0-19-158011-6 4959:978-0-88033-089-3 4927:978-3-222-12067-1 4906:978-1-85207-950-5 4885:978-3-86312-063-4 4860:978-3-205-78510-1 4839:978-1-4725-1081-5 4818:978-0-385-35122-5 4797:978-1-107-68972-5 4776:978-1-77089-274-3 4755:978-1-137-35901-8 4734:978-86-391-0078-0 4713:978-1-4408-0092-4 4692:978-1-3501-1859-1 4671:978-1-317-58713-2 4639:978-0-230-28635-1 4607:978-1-55753-838-3 4586:978-1-60801-026-4 4565:978-1-4728-1277-3 4544:979-10-210-0447-4 4523:978-1-58046-137-5 4502:978-3-11-044348-6 2781:Kriegsausstellung 2487:broke out in the 2406:Austria-Hungary. 2096:Hague Conventions 2058:Beogradske novine 1694:Occupation forces 1558:Armeeoberkommando 1434:Kaiser Wilhelm II 1357:Serbian Macedonia 1178:Boardman Robinson 1031:was delegated to 1027:. Command of the 954:, leading to the 820: 819: 786:Serbia portal 771: 770: 767: 710:Serbia since 1918 700: 699: 692:Kingdom of Serbia 672:Serbian Vojvodina 633: 632: 605:Military Frontier 530: 529: 451:Kingdom of Serbia 402: 401: 394:Catepanate of Ras 340:Early Middle Ages 312:Diocese of Moesia 237:Pannonia Inferior 67: 66: 58:Kingdom of Serbia 56:Territory of the 8042: 7904:Treaty of Sèvres 7796:Treaty of London 7687: 7686: 7465:Northeast France 7396: 7395: 7368:Parliamentarians 7301: 7300: 7263:Chemical weapons 7241: 7240: 7002:Senussi campaign 6972:Muscat rebellion 6966:Maritz rebellion 6934: 6876:Vardar offensive 6705:Battle of Romani 6673:Battle of Asiago 6663:Battle of Verdun 6627:Kosovo offensive 6402:First Balkan War 6350: 6349: 6249:Russian Republic 6158: 6157: 5952: 5951: 5894:Economic history 5861: 5854: 5847: 5838: 5837: 5814: 5797: 5792:. 7 April 2014. 5781: 5769: 5760: 5748: 5735: 5715: 5694: 5673: 5652: 5631: 5610: 5589: 5578: 5567: 5546: 5525: 5504: 5493: 5472: 5439: 5426: 5405: 5384: 5363: 5342: 5321: 5300: 5279: 5258: 5237: 5226: 5205: 5184: 5163: 5142: 5121: 5100: 5079: 5058: 5037: 5016: 4995: 4984: 4963: 4942: 4931: 4910: 4889: 4864: 4843: 4822: 4801: 4780: 4759: 4738: 4717: 4696: 4675: 4654: 4643: 4622: 4611: 4590: 4569: 4548: 4527: 4506: 4476: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4392: 4386: 4377: 4371: 4362: 4356: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4302: 4296: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4188: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4130: 4122: 4113: 4107: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4045: 4039: 4030: 4027:Stojančević 1988 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3562: 3556: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3518: 3512: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3376: 3370: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3184: 3178: 3172: 3166: 3160: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3136: 3130: 3127:Stojančević 1988 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2956: 2950: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2896: 2890: 2881: 2875: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2785: 2777: 2771: 2769: 2763: 2756: 2750: 2743: 2737: 2730: 2724: 2713: 2707: 2696:Vražija divizija 2688: 2651: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2519:Vardar Offensive 2489:Toplica District 2443:Jovan Avakumović 2396: 2380:Karl von Stürgkh 2365: 2355: 2349: 2347:Suchdetaschement 2339: 2336: 2236:internment camps 2181:Toplica uprising 2126: 2110: 2088:political entity 2082: 2079: 2044:National Library 2021:staatsgefährlich 1971:Vasil Radoslavov 1959:First Balkan War 1749:Kosovo Albanians 1663:death by hanging 1622:Slavko Kvaternik 1388:Serbian campaign 1303:governor-general 1299:Stjepan Sarkotić 1146:picture postcard 812: 805: 798: 784: 783: 782: 765: 715: 714: 682:Serbia and Banat 648: 647: 545: 544: 431:Theme of Sirmium 417: 416: 412:High Middle Ages 345: 344: 317:Diocese of Dacia 307:Pannonia Secunda 97: 87: 69: 68: 31: 24: 20: 8050: 8049: 8045: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8040: 8039: 7995:1910s in Serbia 7980: 7979: 7978: 7973: 7956: 7915: 7847: 7840: 7811:Treaty of Darin 7779: 7741: 7697:Austria-Hungary 7683: 7670: 7651:Rape of Belgium 7578: 7550: 7498: 7492:Western Armenia 7487:Eastern Galicia 7420: 7394: 7358: 7357:Civilian impact 7356: 7342: 7299: 7228: 7060: 6990:Ovambo Uprising 6942: 6928: 6817: 6719: 6646: 6564:Battle of Łomża 6547: 6543:Christmas truce 6518:Race to the Sea 6451: 6413: 6335: 6306:Austria-Hungary 6282: 6217:Empire of Japan 6154: 6152: 6141: 6125:U-boat campaign 6111: 6083: 6045: 5997: 5943: 5924:Popular culture 5870: 5865: 5821: 5790:The Independent 5723: 5718: 5712: 5691: 5683:. Basic Books. 5670: 5649: 5628: 5607: 5564: 5543: 5522: 5490: 5423: 5402: 5381: 5360: 5339: 5318: 5297: 5276: 5255: 5223: 5202: 5181: 5160: 5139: 5118: 5097: 5076: 5055: 5034: 5013: 4981: 4960: 4928: 4907: 4886: 4861: 4840: 4819: 4798: 4777: 4756: 4735: 4714: 4693: 4672: 4640: 4608: 4587: 4566: 4545: 4524: 4503: 4484: 4479: 4471: 4467: 4459: 4455: 4447: 4443: 4435: 4431: 4423: 4419: 4411: 4407: 4399: 4395: 4387: 4380: 4372: 4365: 4357: 4353: 4345: 4341: 4333: 4329: 4321: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4299:Tomasevich 1975 4297: 4293: 4285: 4281: 4273: 4266: 4258: 4254: 4246: 4242: 4234: 4227: 4219: 4215: 4207: 4203: 4195: 4191: 4180: 4176: 4168: 4164: 4156: 4152: 4144: 4133: 4123: 4116: 4108: 4101: 4093: 4089: 4081: 4077: 4069: 4065: 4057: 4048: 4040: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3989: 3982: 3974: 3970: 3962: 3958: 3950: 3943: 3935: 3931: 3923: 3916: 3908: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3863: 3857:Afflerbach 2015 3855: 3851: 3843: 3836: 3828: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3804: 3797: 3789: 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634: 629:1788–1791 625:Koča's frontier 619:1718–1739 609:1702–1882 599:1737–1739 598: 587:1686–1699 577:16th–17th 567:1526–1530 563:Radoslav Čelnik 553:1459–1804 542: 532: 531: 526:1402–1537 516:1371–1412 506:1371–1402 496:1371–1395 486:1346–1371 483: 465:1282–1325 455:1217–1346 445:1071–1217 435:1018–1071 414: 404: 403: 385: 342: 332: 331: 277: 267: 266: 262:Dacia Aureliana 252:Moesia Superior 222: 212: 211: 172: 162: 161: 132: 122: 121: 107: 85: 78: 47: 38: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8048: 8038: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7971: 7965: 7962: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7954: 7947: 7940: 7935: 7927: 7925: 7921: 7920: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7913: 7908: 7907: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7876: 7871: 7870: 7869: 7864: 7856: 7850: 7848: 7846:Peace treaties 7845: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7787: 7785: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7751: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7739: 7734: 7732:United Kingdom 7729: 7724: 7722:Ottoman Empire 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7693: 7691: 7684: 7679: 7676: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7647: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7626: 7624:Sack of Dinant 7621: 7616: 7611: 7610: 7609: 7604: 7603: 7602: 7588: 7586: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7576: 7575: 7574: 7572:United Kingdom 7569: 7560: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7548: 7547: 7546: 7541: 7532: 7526:POW locations 7524: 7519: 7518: 7517: 7508: 7506: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7489: 7481: 7476: 7475: 7474: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7449: 7448: 7447: 7442: 7434: 7428: 7426: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7402: 7400: 7393: 7392: 7391: 7390: 7385: 7377: 7372: 7371: 7370: 7361: 7359: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7340: 7335: 7334: 7333: 7326:United Kingdom 7323: 7321:Ottoman Empire 7318: 7313: 7307: 7305: 7298: 7297: 7295:Trench warfare 7292: 7291: 7290: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7259: 7258: 7247: 7245: 7238: 7234: 7233: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7226: 7220: 7214: 7208: 7202: 7201: 7200: 7194: 7188: 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6453: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6433: 6432: 6430:Historiography 6421: 6419: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6405: 6399: 6393: 6387: 6384:Bosnian Crisis 6381: 6378:Tangier Crisis 6375: 6369: 6363: 6356: 6354: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6311:Ottoman Empire 6308: 6303: 6298: 6292: 6290: 6288:Central Powers 6284: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6271:British Empire 6266:United Kingdom 6263: 6258: 6253: 6252: 6251: 6246: 6244:Russian Empire 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6198: 6197: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6166: 6164: 6162:Entente Powers 6155: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6134: 6133: 6132: 6130:North Atlantic 6121: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6093: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6055: 6053: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6043: 6041:Central Arabia 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6007: 6005: 6003:Middle Eastern 5999: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5990: 5989: 5988: 5978: 5973: 5972: 5971: 5960: 5958: 5949: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5904:Historiography 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5864: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5828: 5820: 5819:External links 5817: 5816: 5815: 5809:(in Serbian). 5798: 5782: 5770: 5761: 5749: 5736: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5710: 5695: 5689: 5674: 5668: 5653: 5647: 5632: 5626: 5611: 5605: 5590: 5579: 5568: 5562: 5547: 5541: 5535:. OUP Oxford. 5526: 5520: 5505: 5494: 5488: 5473: 5455:(4): 596–617. 5440: 5427: 5421: 5406: 5400: 5385: 5379: 5364: 5358: 5343: 5337: 5322: 5316: 5301: 5295: 5280: 5274: 5259: 5253: 5238: 5227: 5221: 5206: 5200: 5185: 5179: 5164: 5158: 5143: 5137: 5122: 5116: 5101: 5095: 5080: 5074: 5059: 5053: 5038: 5032: 5017: 5011: 4996: 4994:. Sofia Press. 4985: 4979: 4964: 4958: 4943: 4932: 4926: 4911: 4905: 4890: 4884: 4865: 4859: 4844: 4838: 4823: 4817: 4802: 4796: 4781: 4775: 4760: 4754: 4739: 4733: 4718: 4712: 4697: 4691: 4676: 4670: 4655: 4644: 4638: 4623: 4612: 4606: 4591: 4585: 4570: 4564: 4549: 4543: 4528: 4522: 4507: 4501: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4477: 4475:, p. 987. 4465: 4453: 4451:, p. 238. 4441: 4439:, p. 933. 4429: 4427:, p. 176. 4417: 4405: 4403:, p. 314. 4393: 4391:, p. 316. 4378: 4376:, p. 128. 4363: 4361:, p. 261. 4351: 4339: 4337:, p. 169. 4327: 4315: 4313:, p. 247. 4303: 4301:, p. 115. 4291: 4279: 4277:, p. 157. 4264: 4252: 4250:, p. 129. 4240: 4238:, p. 239. 4225: 4223:, p. 128. 4213: 4201: 4199:, p. 369. 4189: 4174: 4172:, p. 240. 4162: 4150: 4148:, p. 110. 4131: 4114: 4099: 4097:, p. 228. 4087: 4085:, p. 164. 4075: 4073:, p. 111. 4063: 4061:, p. 257. 4046: 4031: 4019: 4017:, p. 241. 4007: 3995: 3993:, p. 105. 3980: 3978:, p. 227. 3968: 3966:, p. 136. 3956: 3954:, p. 139. 3941: 3929: 3914: 3912:, p. 232. 3902: 3890: 3888:, p. 153. 3878: 3876:, p. 202. 3861: 3859:, p. 129. 3849: 3847:, p. 335. 3834: 3832:, p. 231. 3822: 3820:, p. 333. 3810: 3808:, p. 148. 3795: 3793:, p. 146. 3783: 3781:, p. 386. 3768: 3766:, p. 732. 3756: 3754:, p. 299. 3744: 3742:, p. 161. 3727: 3725:, p. 392. 3715: 3713:, p. 118. 3703: 3691: 3674: 3662: 3660:, p. 111. 3650: 3638: 3636:, p. 733. 3626: 3624:, p. 234. 3614: 3602: 3600:, p. 300. 3590: 3578: 3563: 3546: 3544:, p. 203. 3534: 3519: 3517:, p. 257. 3504: 3502:, p. 121. 3492: 3480: 3478:, p. 261. 3468: 3466:, p. 182. 3456: 3441: 3429: 3427:, p. 203. 3410: 3408:, p. 183. 3398: 3396:, p. 166. 3377: 3375:, p. 122. 3362: 3360:, p. 106. 3350: 3341: 3339:, p. 210. 3326: 3314: 3312:, p. 100. 3302: 3290: 3288:, p. 208. 3278: 3266: 3254: 3252:, p. 166. 3242: 3240:, p. 278. 3230: 3228:, p. 121. 3215: 3213:, p. 439. 3203: 3201:, p. 122. 3191: 3189:, p. 111. 3179: 3177:, p. 202. 3167: 3165:, p. 270. 3163:Schindler 2015 3155: 3153:, p. 569. 3143: 3131: 3119: 3117:, p. 134. 3107: 3105:, p. 366. 3092: 3090:, p. 274. 3080: 3078:, p. 161. 3068: 3066:, p. 115. 3056: 3044: 3032: 3020: 3018:, p. 206. 3008: 2996: 2994:, p. 148. 2984: 2972: 2957: 2955:, p. 114. 2938: 2926: 2924:, p. 226. 2914: 2897: 2895:, p. 140. 2882: 2880:, p. 195. 2861: 2849: 2847:, p. 167. 2837: 2835:, p. 177. 2833:Schindler 2015 2825: 2823:, p. 118. 2821:Schindler 2015 2813: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2772: 2751: 2738: 2725: 2708: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2631: 2625: 2620:Generaloberst 2618: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2593: 2584: 2572: 2569:Oskar Potiorek 2561: 2558: 2542: 2539: 2514: 2511: 2411: 2408: 2393:Milovan Djilas 2389: 2326: 2323: 2193:Czech Republic 2140: 2137: 2117:levée en masse 2069: 2066: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1883: 1880: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1708:regiment, six 1695: 1692: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1504: 1501: 1497:Salonica front 1345:Main article: 1342: 1339: 1235: 1232: 1107:Geoffrey Wawro 1068:Main article: 1065: 1062: 1038:Oskar Potiorek 967: 964: 952:Salonica front 897:hostage-taking 862:Bulgarian zone 855:Central Powers 818: 817: 815: 814: 807: 800: 792: 789: 788: 775: 774: 769: 768: 762: 756: 755: 752: 746: 745: 742: 736: 735: 732: 726: 725: 721: 713: 708: 707: 704: 703: 698: 697: 694: 688: 687: 684: 678: 677: 674: 668: 667: 664: 658: 657: 654: 646: 641: 640: 637: 636: 631: 630: 627: 621: 620: 617: 611: 610: 607: 601: 600: 595: 589: 588: 585: 579: 578: 575: 569: 568: 565: 555: 554: 551: 543: 538: 537: 534: 533: 528: 527: 524: 518: 517: 514: 508: 507: 504: 498: 497: 494: 488: 487: 484: 482: 481: 476: 470: 467: 466: 463: 457: 456: 453: 447: 446: 443: 437: 436: 433: 427: 426: 423: 415: 410: 409: 406: 405: 400: 399: 396: 390: 389: 386: 361: 355: 354: 351: 343: 338: 337: 334: 333: 330: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 292:Dacia Ripensis 289: 284: 278: 273: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 223: 218: 217: 214: 213: 210: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 173: 168: 167: 164: 163: 160: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 133: 128: 127: 124: 123: 120: 119: 114: 108: 103: 102: 99: 98: 90: 89: 80: 79: 72: 65: 64: 54: 50: 49: 44: 40: 39: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8047: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7970: 7967: 7966: 7963: 7953: 7952: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7933: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7922: 7912: 7909: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7881: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7859: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7843: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7782: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7744: 7738: 7737:United States 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7694: 7692: 7688: 7685: 7682: 7677: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7631: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7608: 7605: 7601: 7598: 7597: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7585: 7581: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7553: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7516: 7513: 7512: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7501: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7473: 7472: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7423: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7397: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7369: 7366: 7365: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7354: 7349: 7339: 7338:United States 7336: 7332: 7329: 7328: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7293: 7289: 7288:Convoy system 7286: 7285: 7284: 7283:Naval warfare 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7257: 7254: 7253: 7252: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7242: 7239: 7235: 7224: 7221: 7218: 7215: 7212: 7209: 7206: 7203: 7198: 7195: 7192: 7189: 7186: 7183: 7180: 7177: 7176: 7175: 7172: 7169: 7166: 7163: 7160: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7148: 7145: 7142: 7139: 7136: 7133: 7130: 7127: 7124: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7112: 7109: 7106: 7103: 7100: 7097: 7094: 7091: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7073: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7063: 7056: 7053: 7050: 7047: 7044: 7043:Kaocen revolt 7041: 7038: 7037:Easter Rising 7035: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7023: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7009: 7006: 7003: 7000: 6997: 6994: 6991: 6988: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6970: 6967: 6964: 6961: 6958: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6945: 6939: 6936: 6932: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6820: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6722: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6602:Great Retreat 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6577: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6550: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6473:Battle of Cer 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6400: 6397: 6394: 6391: 6390:Agadir Crisis 6388: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6342: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6279: 6278:United States 6276: 6272: 6269: 6268: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6241: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6218: 6215: 6214: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6196: 6195:French Empire 6193: 6192: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6159: 6156: 6148: 6138: 6137:Mediterranean 6135: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6117:Naval warfare 6114: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6086: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6048: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5994: 5993:Italian Front 5991: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5981:Eastern Front 5979: 5977: 5976:Western Front 5974: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5950: 5946: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5934:Puppet states 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5873: 5869: 5862: 5857: 5855: 5850: 5848: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5823: 5822: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5780:. 2017-06-06. 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5724: 5713: 5707: 5703: 5702: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5682: 5681: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5654: 5650: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5633: 5629: 5623: 5619: 5618: 5612: 5608: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5591: 5587: 5586: 5580: 5577:(in Serbian). 5576: 5575: 5569: 5565: 5559: 5555: 5554: 5548: 5544: 5538: 5534: 5533: 5527: 5523: 5517: 5513: 5512: 5506: 5502: 5501: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5481: 5480: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5414: 5413: 5407: 5403: 5397: 5393: 5392: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5365: 5361: 5355: 5351: 5350: 5344: 5340: 5334: 5330: 5329: 5323: 5319: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5302: 5298: 5292: 5288: 5287: 5281: 5277: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5246: 5245: 5239: 5235: 5234: 5228: 5224: 5218: 5214: 5213: 5207: 5203: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5186: 5182: 5176: 5172: 5171: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5151: 5150: 5144: 5140: 5134: 5130: 5129: 5123: 5119: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5102: 5098: 5092: 5089:. H. Fertig. 5088: 5087: 5081: 5077: 5071: 5067: 5066: 5060: 5056: 5050: 5046: 5045: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5025: 5024: 5018: 5014: 5008: 5004: 5003: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4965: 4961: 4955: 4951: 4950: 4944: 4940: 4939: 4933: 4929: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4912: 4908: 4902: 4898: 4897: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4872: 4866: 4862: 4856: 4852: 4851: 4845: 4841: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4810: 4809: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4789: 4788: 4782: 4778: 4772: 4768: 4767: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4740: 4736: 4730: 4726: 4725: 4719: 4715: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4684: 4683: 4677: 4673: 4667: 4663: 4662: 4656: 4652: 4651: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4631: 4630: 4624: 4620: 4619: 4613: 4609: 4603: 4599: 4598: 4592: 4588: 4582: 4579:. Uno Press. 4578: 4577: 4571: 4567: 4561: 4557: 4556: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4536: 4535: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4515: 4514: 4508: 4504: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4474: 4469: 4463:, p. 47. 4462: 4457: 4450: 4445: 4438: 4433: 4426: 4421: 4415:, p. 22. 4414: 4409: 4402: 4401:Mitrović 2007 4397: 4390: 4389:Mitrović 2007 4385: 4383: 4375: 4370: 4368: 4360: 4359:Mitrović 2007 4355: 4349:, p. 60. 4348: 4343: 4336: 4331: 4325:, p. 78. 4324: 4319: 4312: 4311:Mitrović 2007 4307: 4300: 4295: 4289:, p. 20. 4288: 4283: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4262:, p. 44. 4261: 4256: 4249: 4244: 4237: 4232: 4230: 4222: 4217: 4211:, p. 67. 4210: 4205: 4198: 4197:Mitrović 2007 4193: 4186: 4184: 4178: 4171: 4166: 4159: 4154: 4147: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4128: 4127: 4121: 4119: 4112:, p. 61. 4111: 4106: 4104: 4096: 4095:Mitrović 2007 4091: 4084: 4079: 4072: 4067: 4060: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4044:, p. 76. 4043: 4038: 4036: 4029:, p. 34. 4028: 4023: 4016: 4011: 4005:, p. 68. 4004: 3999: 3992: 3987: 3985: 3977: 3976:Mitrović 2007 3972: 3965: 3960: 3953: 3948: 3946: 3939:, p. 56. 3938: 3933: 3927:, p. 64. 3926: 3925:Cornwall 2000 3921: 3919: 3911: 3910:Mitrović 2007 3906: 3900:, p. 21. 3899: 3894: 3887: 3882: 3875: 3874:Mitrović 2007 3870: 3868: 3866: 3858: 3853: 3846: 3841: 3839: 3831: 3826: 3819: 3814: 3807: 3802: 3800: 3792: 3787: 3780: 3775: 3773: 3765: 3760: 3753: 3748: 3741: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3724: 3723:Mitrović 1984 3719: 3712: 3707: 3701:, p. 46. 3700: 3695: 3689:, p. 56. 3688: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3672:, p. 19. 3671: 3666: 3659: 3654: 3648:, p. 47. 3647: 3642: 3635: 3630: 3623: 3622:Mitrović 2007 3618: 3612:, p. 93. 3611: 3606: 3599: 3594: 3587: 3582: 3576:, p. 57. 3575: 3570: 3568: 3561:, p. 55. 3560: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3543: 3538: 3531: 3526: 3524: 3516: 3511: 3509: 3501: 3496: 3490:, p. 41. 3489: 3484: 3477: 3472: 3465: 3460: 3454:, p. 43. 3453: 3448: 3446: 3438: 3433: 3426: 3425:Mitrović 2007 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3407: 3406:Mitrović 2007 3402: 3395: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3374: 3369: 3367: 3359: 3354: 3345: 3338: 3337:Pavlović 2019 3333: 3331: 3324:, p. 85. 3323: 3318: 3311: 3306: 3300:, p. 62. 3299: 3294: 3287: 3286:Pavlović 2019 3282: 3276:, p. 65. 3275: 3270: 3264:, p. 96. 3263: 3262:Strachan 2014 3258: 3251: 3246: 3239: 3234: 3227: 3222: 3220: 3212: 3207: 3200: 3195: 3188: 3183: 3176: 3171: 3164: 3159: 3152: 3147: 3140: 3135: 3128: 3123: 3116: 3111: 3104: 3099: 3097: 3089: 3084: 3077: 3072: 3065: 3060: 3054:, p. 50. 3053: 3048: 3041: 3036: 3029: 3024: 3017: 3016:Pavlović 2019 3012: 3006:, p. 37. 3005: 3000: 2993: 2988: 2982:, p. 70. 2981: 2976: 2970:, p. 12. 2969: 2964: 2962: 2954: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2936:, p. 34. 2935: 2930: 2923: 2922:Hastings 2013 2918: 2911: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2894: 2889: 2887: 2879: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2859:, p. 25. 2858: 2853: 2846: 2841: 2834: 2829: 2822: 2817: 2811:, p. 68. 2810: 2805: 2801: 2782: 2776: 2768: 2762: 2755: 2748: 2742: 2735: 2729: 2722: 2718: 2712: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2683: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2649:Serbia portal 2639: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2575:Generaloberst 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2553: 2548: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2509: 2507: 2506: 2498: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2459: 2458:Kosta Pećanac 2455: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2427: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2407: 2404: 2394: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2357: 2354: 2348: 2331: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2274:Boldogasszony 2271: 2267: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2218:The Nezsider 2216: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2201:Jindřichovice 2198: 2197:Heinrichsgrün 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2164: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2136: 2132: 2130: 2125: 2119: 2118: 2112: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2074: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2030: 2027:replaced the 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1992: 1978: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1879: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1838: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1786: 1784: 1783: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1691: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1641: 1638: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1620:leader Major 1619: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1595:Generaloberst 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1527:Velika Morava 1524: 1520: 1516: 1515:Morava Valley 1510: 1500: 1498: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1348: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1308: 1305:of Serbia by 1304: 1300: 1296: 1295:Feldmarschall 1292: 1288: 1280: 1275: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1258:, to capture 1257: 1253: 1252: 1246: 1242: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1216:Battle of Cer 1213: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1129:, men of the 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 973: 963: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 936: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 889: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 858: 856: 852: 848: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 813: 808: 806: 801: 799: 794: 793: 791: 790: 787: 777: 776: 763: 761: 758: 757: 753: 751: 748: 747: 743: 741: 738: 737: 733: 731: 728: 727: 722: 720: 717: 716: 711: 706: 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ABC-CLIO. 5658: 5638:The Chetniks 5637: 5616: 5595: 5584: 5573: 5552: 5531: 5510: 5499: 5478: 5452: 5448: 5438:(in German). 5436:Academia.edu 5435: 5411: 5390: 5369: 5348: 5327: 5306: 5285: 5264: 5243: 5232: 5211: 5190: 5169: 5148: 5127: 5106: 5085: 5064: 5043: 5022: 5001: 4990: 4969: 4948: 4937: 4916: 4895: 4875: 4870: 4849: 4828: 4807: 4786: 4765: 4744: 4723: 4702: 4681: 4660: 4649: 4628: 4617: 4596: 4575: 4554: 4533: 4512: 4491: 4482:Bibliography 4468: 4461:DiNardo 2015 4456: 4444: 4432: 4420: 4408: 4396: 4354: 4342: 4335:Laqueur 2017 4330: 4318: 4306: 4294: 4282: 4255: 4243: 4216: 4204: 4192: 4182: 4177: 4165: 4158:Nikolic 2013 4153: 4125: 4090: 4078: 4066: 4022: 4010: 4003:DiNardo 2015 3998: 3971: 3959: 3932: 3905: 3893: 3881: 3852: 3825: 3813: 3786: 3759: 3747: 3718: 3706: 3694: 3665: 3653: 3641: 3629: 3617: 3605: 3593: 3588:, p. 4. 3581: 3537: 3495: 3483: 3471: 3459: 3432: 3401: 3373:DiNardo 2015 3358:DiNardo 2015 3353: 3344: 3322:DiNardo 2015 3317: 3310:DiNardo 2015 3305: 3298:DiNardo 2015 3293: 3281: 3274:DiNardo 2015 3269: 3257: 3245: 3233: 3206: 3194: 3182: 3170: 3158: 3146: 3139:Scianna 2012 3134: 3129:, p. 7. 3122: 3110: 3083: 3071: 3059: 3047: 3035: 3023: 3011: 2999: 2987: 2975: 2929: 2917: 2857:Jeřábek 1991 2852: 2845:Merrill 2001 2840: 2828: 2816: 2804: 2780: 2775: 2754: 2746: 2741: 2733: 2728: 2711: 2686: 2535: 2531: 2516: 2503: 2500: 2494:Isonzo Front 2462: 2453: 2451: 2432: 2420:Ottoman rule 2413: 2399: 2385: 2376: 2358: 2342: 2319: 2306: 2288:(modern-day 2263: 2252: 2238:were in the 2233: 2173: 2169: 2146: 2142: 2133: 2129:lèse-majesté 2115: 2113: 2100: 2085: 2061: 2057: 2051: 2033: 2009: 2004:Franz Joseph 1975: 1956: 1948:Racho Petrov 1940: 1901: 1885: 1868: 1864: 1851:István Tisza 1833: 1829:István Tisza 1813: 1797: 1780: 1777: 1765: 1742: 1703: 1697: 1688: 1668: 1634: 1614: 1603: 1593: 1550:High Command 1547: 1531:Južna Morava 1512: 1494: 1474: 1448:Despite the 1447: 1393: 1378: 1350: 1328: 1312: 1294: 1284: 1250: 1237: 1201: 1189:burned alive 1182: 1171: 1155: 1118: 1112: 1088: 1052:crossed the 1032: 1014: 1012:population. 1010:South Slavic 990:Bosnian Serb 986:assassinated 975: 937: 935:in Hungary. 915:in Austria, 890: 859: 821: 561: / 540:Early Modern 349:White Serbia 302:Praevalitana 282:Moesia Prima 60:west of the 18: 7567:Netherlands 7544:Switzerland 7425:Occupations 7416:Spanish flu 7193:(1919–1922) 7187:(1918–1921) 7181:(1918–1923) 7170:(1919–1921) 7164:(1919–1921) 7158:(1919–1920) 7134:(1918–1920) 7128:(1918–1920) 7122:(1918–1920) 7104:(1918–1920) 7086:(1918–1920) 7080:(1917–1921) 7074:(1917–1921) 7021:(1916-1918) 7019:Arab Revolt 7010:(1915–1917) 7004:(1915–1917) 6992:(1914-1917) 6986:(1914–1917) 6980:(1914–1921) 6974:(1913–1920) 6962:(1910–1920) 6956:(1900–1920) 6929: [ 6447:July Crisis 6368:(1880–1914) 6031:Mesopotamia 5909:Home fronts 5868:World War I 5745:Der Spiegel 4347:Melson 2019 4323:Luthar 2016 4236:Herwig 2014 4209:Kramer 2008 4146:Stibbe 2019 4083:Herwig 2014 4071:Stibbe 2019 4059:Winter 2014 4042:Luthar 2016 4015:Holzer 2014 3845:Glenny 2012 3818:Glenny 2012 3752:Suppan 2019 3740:Herwig 2014 3687:Melson 2019 3658:Strupp 1914 3598:Suppan 2019 3574:Melson 2019 3559:Melson 2019 3530:Scheer 2011 3500:Newman 2015 3476:Jarman 1997 3464:Newman 2015 3452:Buttar 2016 3238:Luckau 1971 3211:Herwig 2014 3187:Herwig 2014 3115:Marble 2016 2968:Holzer 2014 2893:Kramer 2008 2734:Streifkorps 2454:Streifkorps 2445:, a former 2363:Etappenzone 2338: 1918 2278:Veľký Meder 2081: 1916 2064:to desert. 1837:Josip Frank 1805:Great Power 1782:Streifkorps 1659:martial law 1649:Rule of law 1361:gold francs 1266:as well as 1135:buttstrokes 1025:World War I 972:July Crisis 944:Second Army 895:, practice 893:martial law 832:World War I 764:2006– 559:Jovan Nenad 220:Early Roman 137:Paleolithic 84:History of 7984:Categories 7784:Agreements 7584:War crimes 7460:Luxembourg 7353:Casualties 6224:Montenegro 6059:South West 5939:Technology 5929:Propaganda 5919:Opposition 4853:. Böhlau. 4413:Tasic 2020 4287:Tasic 2020 4248:Fried 2014 4221:Fried 2014 3886:Fried 2014 3830:Fried 2014 3806:Fried 2014 3791:Fried 2014 3711:Đurić 1987 3670:Tasic 2020 3646:Reiss 2019 3586:Tatum 2010 3542:Fried 2014 3226:Fried 2014 3175:Wawro 2014 3064:Fried 2014 3004:Reiss 2019 2934:Reiss 2019 2878:Wawro 2014 2809:Lebow 1981 2792:References 2767:Standrecht 2545:See also: 2473:Pusta Reka 2465:Kuršumlija 2439:Komitadjis 2410:Resistance 2259:Mauthausen 2255:Drosendorf 2068:Repression 1871:Serbophile 1794:Annexation 1753:Novi Pazar 1700:battalions 1369:Montenegro 1241:Sixth Army 1050:Fifth Army 970:See also: 966:Background 925:Nagymegyer 913:Mauthausen 876:appointed 512:Vuk's Land 375:Narentines 275:Late Roman 182:Autariatae 152:Bronze Age 142:Mesolithic 130:Prehistory 105:By century 7681:Diplomacy 7388:Olympians 7311:Australia 7278:Logistics 7211:Vlora War 7140:(1918–19) 7116:(1918–19) 7110:(1918–19) 7098:(1918–19) 7045:(1916–17) 7027:(1916–17) 6978:Zaian War 6968:(1914–15) 6688:first 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2416:Chetniks 2390:— 2310:Holy See 2282:Slovakia 2240:Nezsider 2209:Kolubara 2205:Šumadija 2094:and the 2042:and the 1936:Đakovica 1928:Metohija 1920:Orahovac 1916:Uroševac 1912:Gnjilane 1904:Priština 1849:, Count 1720:and two 1586:Brezirke 1486:Adriatic 1470:Gallwitz 1442:Belgrade 1424:Salonica 1396:invasion 1197:tortured 1193:hostages 1150:Kruševac 1017:Belgrade 998:Sarajevo 992:student 980:throne, 978:Habsburg 946:and the 901:hangings 851:Bulgaria 597:1690 and 367:Travunia 297:Dardania 242:Dalmatia 232:Pannonia 192:Triballi 157:Iron Age 75:a series 73:Part of 53:Location 35:Belgrade 7707:Germany 7607:Germany 7535:Germany 7455:Belgium 7440:Albania 7399:Disease 7379:Sports 7331:Ireland 7244:Warfare 7237:Aspects 6425:Origins 6418:Prelude 6321:Senussi 6301:Germany 6296:Leaders 6234:Romania 6175:Belgium 6170:Leaders 6069:Kamerun 6051:African 5986:Romania 5964:Balkans 5879:Outline 2717:fascist 2596:General 2587:General 2290:Romania 2248:Austria 2228:Austria 2189:Broumov 2185:Bohemia 2176:Romania 1996:Loznica 1952:Kačanik 1943:Djakova 1932:Vučitrn 1908:Prizren 1893:Wilhelm 1889:Elbasan 1768:Ottoman 1761:Sandžak 1716:, five 1482:Albania 1412:Skoplje 1324:typhoid 1260:Valjevo 1127:Krupanj 1123:Lešnica 882:Croatia 766:present 207:Dacians 187:Dardani 7727:Russia 7702:France 7530:Canada 7445:Serbia 7316:Canada 7273:Horses 7225:(1921) 7219:(1920) 7213:(1920) 7207:(1920) 7199:(1920) 7152:(1919) 7146:(1919) 7092:(1918) 7057:(1918) 7051:(1917) 7039:(1916) 7033:(1916) 6998:(1915) 6410:(1913) 6392:(1911) 6374:(1905) 6331:Darfur 6256:Serbia 6239:Russia 6202:Greece 6190:France 6180:Brazil 6026:Persia 5969:Serbia 5807:DW.COM 5708: 5687: 5666: 5645: 5624: 5603: 5560: 5539: 5518: 5486: 5467: 5419: 5398: 5377: 5356: 5335: 5314: 5293: 5272: 5251: 5219: 5198: 5177: 5156: 5135: 5114: 5093: 5072: 5051: 5030: 5009: 4977: 4956: 4924: 4903: 4882: 4857: 4836: 4815: 4794: 4773: 4752: 4731: 4710: 4689: 4668: 4636: 4604: 4583: 4562: 4541: 4520: 4499: 2477:Lebane 2387:death. 2368:German 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Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia

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