53:
392:
representatives of federal, state and municipal governments, non-government organizations, scientists, business leaders and residents of the reserve. There are state-level committees in almost all the states. The objective is to support large-scale conservation and management of the ecosystems. This includes conserving and restoring ecological corridors, and conserving and restoring the rich biological diversity of the
Atlantic Forest. Other objectives include development of sustainable usage and social practices.
364:. The 1988 constitution of Brazil declared that the Atlantic Forest was National Patrimony. The Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve was defined in 1991, covering a few parts of Rio de Janeiro, SĂŁo Paulo and ParanĂĄ. Non-government organizations played an important role in its creation. In 1992 it covered about 2,499,990 hectares (6,177,600 acres), with 356,998 hectares (882,160 acres) of sea. The Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve was the first biosphere reserve in Brazil. It was recognized by UNESCO's
60:
383:. Six phases had been completed by 2008. In 2008 it had an estimated area of 62,319,744 hectares (153,995,440 acres), including 16,149,934 hectares (39,907,360 acres) of sea. This makes it the largest forested biosphere reserve in the world. The core zones, either in fully protected conservation units or in other legally protected areas such as mangroves and riparian forests, covered 7,300,000 hectares (18,000,000 acres).
34:
294:. As of 2016 the reserve covered parts of over 1,000 municipalities. The surrounding areas had 120 million inhabitants and accounted for 70% of the GDP of Brazil. The core zones consisted of more than 700 fully protected conservation units. A few thousand people lived in the buffer zones, mainly traditional communities of indigenous people,
427:. The Ministry of the Environment gave the mosaics formal structure in March 2007. Their purpose is to give integrated management of different conservation units in a region, including federal, state, municipal and private units, which may be different form of strictly protected or sustainable use unit.
230:
reported that the reserve had a total area of 29,473,484 hectares (72,830,570 acres), including core areas of 4,052,544 hectares (10,014,050 acres), buffer zones of 12,646,302 hectares (31,249,690 acres) and transition areas of 12,774,638 hectares (31,566,820 acres). It ranges in altitude from â50 to
391:
The reserve is administered by the
Conselho Nacional da Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlântica and the Forest Institute of São Paulo (Instituto Florestal). The management approach involves partnerships and processes in which a wide variety of stakeholders participate. The national council includes
308:
The
Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve covers tropical humid forests in mountain and highland systems and coastal marine environments. It includes remnants of the Atlantic Forest and relevant secondary forests. The moist, sub-tropical, semi-deciduous forest includes species such as
485:
As of 2016 the RBMA official website gave an area of 62,319,744 hectares (153,995,440 acres), while UNESCO gave an area of 29,473,484 hectares (72,830,570 acres). Possibly there was a delay in recognition of the more recent
376:
325:, mangroves, salt marsh scrublands and sand spits. These lie in the most densely populated parts of Brazil, resulting in threats to their environmental integrity.
78:
333:
215:
446:
recognized in the
Atlantic Forest biome, and has made significant contributions to environmental awareness and education in Brazil. Programs include:
767:
404:
52:
214:
The
Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve (MABR) extends for 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) parallel to the coast of Brazil along the
945:
904:
826:
800:
752:
710:
328:
93% of the
Atlantic Forest has been destroyed. The remnants contain 171 of the 202 threatened species in Brazil, including
878:
852:
725:
399:
began in
December 2005, coordinated by the National Council of the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve. These were the
396:
435:
365:
203:
356:
One of the triggers for creating the biosphere reserve was a catastrophic landslide on several slopes of the
430:
The biosphere reserve has managed to obtain large amounts of funding from international sources such as the
375:) covering about 35,000,000 hectares (86,000,000 acres) divided into core, buffer and transition zones. The
341:
416:
202:
in Brazil, including fully protected and sustainable use conservation units and buffer zones. It is the
412:
38:
371:
From 1992 to 2002 the biosphere reserve was expanded in four phases to include 15 states (including
332:
and several near-extinct forest cats. The many protected areas in the biosphere reserve include the
775:
360:
in 1985, caused by deforestation that had resulted from pollution from the industrial center of
337:
310:
287:
275:
894:
868:
842:
816:
790:
742:
727:
Biosphere
Reserve Information â Brazil â MATA ATLĂNTICA (INCLUDING SAO PAULO CITY GREEN BELT)
700:
420:
345:
314:
279:
8:
443:
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was added in 1994. It covers 73 municipalities in SĂŁo Paulo state including the city of
329:
318:
247:
187:
408:
372:
239:
919:
900:
874:
848:
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818:
Living in an
Environmentally Traumatized World: Healing Ourselves and Our Planet
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792:
The
Atlantic Forest of South America: Biodiversity Status, Threats, and Outlook
513:
400:
774:(in Portuguese), FMA: Folha do Meio Ambiente, 20 December 2006, archived from
321:. Associated ecosystems include upland meadows with grasses and small heaths,
939:
155:
93:
80:
357:
235:
223:
380:
676:
234:
The reserve includes remnants of Atlantic Forest in 15 states, including
219:
702:
Forest Recovery and Just Sustainability in the Florianopolis City-region
582:
580:
744:
The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture and Community
431:
424:
296:
255:
815:
Nemeth, Darlyne G.; Kuriansky, Judy; Hamilton, Robert B (2012-09-20),
616:
361:
251:
664:
628:
577:
766:
724:
658:
532:
243:
844:
The Humane Metropolis: People and Nature in the 21st-century City
322:
263:
259:
226:
from 02°50'S to 33°45'S, and from 34°45'W to 55°15'W. As of 2011
33:
565:
227:
741:
Brown, Jessica; Mitchell, Nora J.; Beresford, Michael (2005),
503:
501:
499:
497:
267:
395:
A project to create three new protected area mosaics in the
494:
141:
Conselho Nacional da Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlântica
870:
Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves
439:
59:
640:
592:
555:
553:
538:
814:
622:
586:
789:
Leal, Carlos Galindo; Câmara, Ibsen de Gusmão (2003),
740:
682:
670:
634:
231:
2,897 metres (â164 to 9,505 ft) above sea level.
550:
348:, three other primates and more than 200 rare birds.
604:
144:
Forest Institute of SĂŁo Paulo (Instituto Florestal)
893:Schreurs, Miranda; Papadakis, Elim (2009-09-21),
892:
571:
937:
918:
507:
344:, home to a population of the highly endangered
442:cooperation bank, has managed to have several
386:
405:Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic
450:Core zone conservation and research program
377:SĂŁo Paulo City Green Belt Biosphere Reserve
866:
788:
646:
598:
544:
698:
659:Corredor ecolĂłgico da Serra do Mar â FMA
559:
533:Biosphere Reserve Information ... UNESCO
113:62,319,744 hectares (153,995,440 acres)
938:
867:Riley, Laura; Riley, William (2005),
840:
623:Nemeth, Kuriansky & Hamilton 2012
610:
587:Nemeth, Kuriansky & Hamilton 2012
192:Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlântica
768:"Corredor ecolĂłgico da Serra do Mar"
683:Brown, Mitchell & Beresford 2005
671:Brown, Mitchell & Beresford 2005
635:Brown, Mitchell & Beresford 2005
419:(GEF), the Government of Japan, the
13:
14:
957:
468:International cooperation program
204:largest such reserve in the world
180:Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve
22:Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve
896:The A to Z of the Green Movement
699:Baptista, Sandra Regina (2008),
397:Serra do Mar Ecological Corridor
184:Mata Atlântica Biosphere Reserve
58:
51:
32:
27:Mata Atlântica Biosphere Reserve
847:, Univ of Massachusetts Press,
436:Inter-American Development Bank
366:Man and the Biosphere Programme
873:, Princeton University Press,
479:
1:
841:Platt, Rutherford H. (2006),
572:Schreurs & Papadakis 2009
303:
946:Biosphere reserves of Brazil
462:Annual Mata Atlantica Update
342:Caratinga Biological Station
242:, and the coastal states of
7:
417:Global Environment Facility
387:Organization and activities
41:, Guaratinga, Bahia, Brazil
10:
962:
691:
453:Forestry resources program
413:Conservation International
411:. Funding was provided by
351:
209:
198:covering remnants of the
150:
135:
127:
117:
109:
72:
46:
39:Alto Cariri National Park
31:
26:
21:
472:
459:Water and forest program
340:and the privately-owned
16:Protected area in Brazil
772:Acervo da Folha do Meio
300:, fishermen and so on.
94:25.388872°S 48.556029°W
647:Leal & Câmara 2003
599:Leal & Câmara 2003
545:Riley & Riley 2005
338:Itatiaia National Park
311:Araucaria angustifolia
191:
99:-25.388872; -48.556029
924:(in Portuguese), RBMA
465:Public policy program
346:woolly spider monkeys
705:(Thesis), ProQuest,
508:Texto SĂntese â RBMA
444:World Heritage Sites
421:MacArthur Foundation
330:golden lion tamarins
315:Podocarpus lambertii
899:, Scarecrow Press,
685:, pp. 170â171.
456:Eco-tourism program
415:, the Fund for the
334:Caraça Natural Park
319:Drimys brasiliensis
248:Rio Grande do Norte
90: /
409:Mantiqueira Mosaic
373:Mato Grosso do Sul
240:Mato Grosso do Sul
906:978-0-8108-7041-3
828:978-0-313-39732-5
802:978-1-55963-989-7
754:978-2-8317-0797-6
712:978-1-109-06209-0
292:Rio Grande do Sul
216:Serra Mantiqueira
196:biosphere reserve
176:
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122:Biosphere reserve
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200:Atlantic Forest
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673:, p. 171.
663:
651:
639:
637:, p. 178.
627:
625:, p. 133.
615:
613:, p. 110.
603:
601:, p. 454.
591:
589:, p. 131.
576:
574:, p. 142.
564:
549:
547:, p. 533.
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401:Bocaina Mosaic
388:
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288:Santa Catarina
276:Rio de Janeiro
272:EspĂrito Santo
211:
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29:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
958:
947:
944:
943:
941:
923:
922:
921:Texto SĂntese
917:
908:
902:
898:
897:
891:
882:
880:0-691-12219-9
876:
872:
871:
865:
856:
854:1-55849-554-1
850:
846:
845:
839:
830:
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813:
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798:
794:
793:
787:
778:on 2016-09-23
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723:
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708:
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697:
696:
684:
679:
672:
667:
660:
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649:, p. 39.
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636:
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619:
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600:
595:
588:
583:
581:
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568:
562:, p. 71.
561:
560:Baptista 2008
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136:Administrator
134:
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116:
112:
108:
103:
75:
71:
54:
45:
40:
35:
30:
25:
20:
926:, retrieved
920:
910:, retrieved
895:
884:, retrieved
869:
858:, retrieved
843:
832:, retrieved
821:, ABC-CLIO,
817:
806:, retrieved
791:
780:, retrieved
776:the original
771:
758:, retrieved
743:
732:, retrieved
726:
716:, retrieved
701:
678:
666:
654:
642:
630:
618:
606:
594:
567:
540:
481:
429:
394:
390:
370:
358:Serra do Mar
355:
327:
307:
295:
236:Minas Gerais
233:
224:Serra do Mar
213:
183:
179:
177:
486:expansions.
297:quilombolas
220:Serra Geral
118:Designation
97: /
73:Coordinates
928:2016-09-20
912:2016-09-20
886:2016-09-20
860:2016-09-20
834:2016-09-20
808:2016-09-20
782:2016-09-22
760:2016-09-20
734:2016-09-20
718:2016-09-20
611:Platt 2006
432:World Bank
425:World Bank
304:Ecosystems
256:Pernambuco
188:Portuguese
85:48°33â˛22âłW
82:25°23â˛20âłS
381:SĂŁo Paulo
368:in 1993.
280:SĂŁo Paulo
940:Category
747:, IUCN,
730:, UNESCO
423:and the
194:), is a
692:Sources
362:CubatĂŁo
352:History
323:cerrado
264:Sergipe
260:Alagoas
252:ParaĂba
186:(MABR,
151:Website
128:Created
903:
877:
851:
825:
799:
751:
709:
336:, the
284:ParanĂĄ
228:UNESCO
210:Extent
166:/index
473:Notes
268:Bahia
244:CearĂĄ
182:, or
168:_rbma
164:/rbma
158:.rbma
901:ISBN
875:ISBN
849:ISBN
823:ISBN
797:ISBN
749:ISBN
707:ISBN
438:and
407:and
317:and
290:and
222:and
178:The
170:.asp
160:.org
131:1991
110:Area
440:KfW
162:.br
156:www
942::
770:,
579:^
552:^
515:^
496:^
434:,
403:,
313:,
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278:,
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270:,
266:,
262:,
258:,
254:,
250:,
246:,
238:,
218:,
206:.
190::
661:.
535:.
510:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
