668:
lions to Kuno-Palpur from
Gujarat's Sasan Gir, a suggestion made in the original project report. This is the first time that the Government of India has accepted that the sanctuary needs to be enlarged. However, the expansion would require the relocation of several big villages, a move the Madhya Pradesh government is not keen to undertake. The Madhya Pradesh Forest Department is of the view that the present sanctuary area and its buffer total over 700 km and are therefore adequate, but have made no mention of notifying the buffer zone area also as a sanctuary.
538:
bonds between members of groups or prides, which are vital for lion survival. The reported presence of tiger cubs in Palpur-Kuno was emphasised, saying that it could result in conflict between these top predators. The state proposed, instead, a second home for lions within
Gujarat itself, claiming it would have numerous advantages including being in tune with international guidelines. The continued reluctance of the state to part with lions for translocation has come under criticism from prominent environmentalists.
656:, NK Ranjeet Singh and PR Sinha. The panel will advise both the states on technical aspect of translocation, decide the composition of animals to be translocated, select the prides and animals, supervise the translocation, monitor it and periodically report to the Ministry. During the first deliberations on 29 July 2013, the panel acceded the need to follow the recent IUCN translocation guidelines but brushed aside Gujarat's objections against the process. A two-member team comprising Dr Ravi Chellam and Dr
110:
20:
395:
358:. The team evaluated sites over various parameters and compared the same with respect to Gir Forest for determining the suitability of sites. They presented their findings in 1995 to the Government of India and the state forest departments. WII researchers confirmed that the Palpur-Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary was the most promising location to re-establish a free ranging population of the Asiatic lions and in 2007 certified it ready to receive its first batch of translocated lions.
403:
246:. The project has established three "gene pool" sites at Rampara in Saurashtra, and Sakkarbaug and Satveerada in Junagadh for the purpose of breeding the lions. One of the aims of the project is to address human-wildlife conflict between local residents and the lions. The project has also identified six new potential sites of reintroduction of the species in the country.
222:) and that the size of home range was 70 square kilometres (27 sq mi) for females and 140 square kilometres (54 sq mi) for the males. In 1990, the WII proposed the creation of a second wild population of Asiatic lions to safeguard the species against potential calamities in Gujarat's Gir National Park.
671:
In a reversal of position, the
Ministry of Environment and Forests decided in a meeting in June 2015 against translocation at present on the grounds that it would be detrimental to the breeding and survival of the lions as they lived in social prides. The turn-around of stance has been attributed by
512:
instead. Gir's lions have spread beyond the protective area and the measures of the state to engage this phenomenon are being portrayed as providing adequate dispersal to the lion population to prevent disease. Gujarat also played an emotional card by declaring before the
Supreme Court that the lion
302:
During the workshop, a number of teams were formed to focus on varied aspects of the conservation biology of the
Asiatic lion such as monitoring, habitat (further subdivided into Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan sub-groups), population modelling, prey-base requirements, lion-human interactions,
189:
and newly established for the reintroduction. An enclosure was created with a 3 metres (9.8 ft) high barbed wire fence within the sanctuary in which the lions were temporarily housed before being released in the sanctuary. Initially the lions prospered increasing in number to four in 1958, five
122:
but there is limited space at Gir wildlife sanctuary, which is boxed in on all sides by heavy human habitation. Gir lions have started moving outwards from the sanctuary and establishing homes outside the protected areas. The lions are now spread over 16,000 square kilometres (6,200 sq mi)
440:
The Madhya
Pradesh state government informed the Supreme Court that each family was given 2 hectares (4.9 acres) of cultivable land, in addition to 500 square metres (600 sq yd) for housing along with building constructional material costing Rs 1,00,000/- per house. The net outflow to the
782:
Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.;
117:
The distribution of
Asiatic lion, once found widely in West and South Asia, dwindled to a single population in the Gir Forest National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary in India. The population at Gir declined to 18 animals in 1893 but increased due to protection and conservation efforts to 284 in 1994.
667:
In a further development, in April 2015, the Union government has admitted that Madhya
Pradesh will have to enlarge the wildlife sanctuary's size, from 349 square kilometres (135 sq mi) to 700 square kilometres (270 sq mi) in order to implement the translocation of the Asiatic
537:
The
Gujarat Government filed on 1 July 2013 for a review in the Supreme Court of its 16 April ruling. In its petition, the Gujarat state government claimed that "top carnivores have never been successfully translocated". The state has put forward the argument that translocation would break social
461:
In 2004, the state government refused to part with the first pride of 19 animals planned for relocation. The state considers the lions as "heritage of the state" and the issue of handing over lions has become a political issue. Mangubhai Patel, then State Forest
Minister, went on record to state
444:
Major gaps remain in the implementation of the rehabilitation measures, with villagers alleging that they have got little of the rehabilitation package they were promised. The negative economic impact of the displacement to villagers from Kuno sanctuary has raised a controversy over the merits of
428:
tribe, comprising 1545 families, were moved out from the core area and rehabilitated by the state government with assistance from the Central Government. Due to a paucity of suitable revenue lands in the vicinity of Kuno, the state government proposed relocating the villages on degraded protected
415:
The Madhya Pradesh state forest department notified 345 square kilometres (133 sq mi) of the Kuno Palpur area as a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1981. In April 2002, a separate Wildlife Division was established for Kuno, effectively increasing the protected area for wildlife to 1,268.861 square
385:
At that point in time, the project was in Phase II and 18 of the 24 villages had been rehabilitated from Kuno. The refusal of Gujarat state to provide lions was mentioned during this meeting by the Chief Wildlife Warden of Gujarat. A number of steps were approved with consensus which included the
349:
The overwhelming consensus of the Workshop was that an alternative habitat for the Asiatic lion must be established with all possible speed, but without compromise of the accepted strategies and principles governing systematic and scientific reintroduction. This should be done simultaneously with
541:
Post the verdict, fears have been voiced by Gujarati environmentalists over the gun culture of Madhya Pradesh and number of firearms in Sheopur, the region where the Kuno Palpur sanctuary is located and it is suggested that translocation to such an area would be in violation of IUCN norms on the
533:
In light of the State Government of Gujarat's refusal to permit the reintroduction of Asiatic lions, a writ petition was filed in 1995 by the Centre for Environment Law and WWF-I in the Indian Supreme Court to get the Gujarat State Government to release a few prides of Asiatic lions for the Kuno
577:
After the dismissal of the Gujarat State petition, two NGOs from Gujarat have filed separate petitions against the translocation order, one on the grounds that certain relevant facts have not been brought to the notice of the apex court, the other stating that the importance of Kuno-Palpur as a
193:
Johnsingh (2006) attributes the failure of the translocation to three causes – inadequate area, lack of systematic monitoring using scientific techniques and unrestricted movement of grazing animals throughout the sanctuary possibly leading to conflict with herders. Small size of area, the long
546:
guidelines on translocation, opponents of the project have cited from the provisions and also claimed that the history of translocations especially in India is dismal and hence translocation is not favoured. The natural spread of over-populated lions from an original range of over 1,412 square
1174:
Project Lion entails habitat development, modern technologies in lion management and addressing the issue of diseases among lions and its associated species through advanced world-class research and veterinary care, as per the environment ministry. ... The project will address human-wildlife
118:
The Gir Wildlife Sanctuary is now highly overpopulated with lions, the 2015 census showed the strength to be 523 lions. There are numerous deaths in the population annually because of ever increasing competition between the human and animal overcrowding. Asiatic lion prides require large
488:
state government has, over time, made various arguments against translocating lions to Madhya Pradesh (MP), such as that the Kuno sanctuary was not suitable lion habitat and that it had inadequate prey base, that MP had been unable to provide adequate protection to tigers in its
663:
Gujarat objected to meeting of the 12-member panel on 29 July 2013 before its petition had been reviewed and also to the presence of tiger experts on the panel, claiming that lion experts from Gujarat had been ignored, however that petition was rejected by the Supreme Court.
386:
engaging of the Gujarat State Government as to the necessity of the project, preparation of a trans-location road map, fresh assessment of prey base of Kuno by WII and continued funding support for welfare measures and habitat improvement for the existing fauna at Kuno.
370:
At the meeting the WII Site Survey was examined and it was understood that Kuno Palpur Sanctuary was the most suitable site for reintroduction. The Committee formulated a three phase framework for the conservation project to last for two decades as follows :
176:
to host a second population in the Chakia forests was accepted. In 1956 one lion and two lionesses were captured from Gir, placed in the Sakkarbuagh Zoo in Junagadh for nine months and then translocated in 1957 to the 96 square kilometres (37 sq mi)
206:(WII) began studying the Asiatic lion in its habitat in from 1986 onwards and collected fundamental data about the lion, its feeding, use of habitat and ranging habits. Key findings of the study were that the lions largely preyed upon wild herbivores such as
480:
As early as 2009, the continued opposition of the Gujarat state government led to the Madhya Pradesh Forest Department's exploration of the possibility of procuring zoo-bred Asiatic lions and shifting them and their descendants to Palpur-Kuno.
366:
The framework of the Lion Introduction Project emerged from the transformation of a Monitoring Committee, set up by the Government of India, which met on 10 March 2004 for effective implementation of the reintroduction at Kuno.
1795:
534:
Wildlife Sanctuary. The Indian Supreme Court fast-tracked the case and delivered a judgement on 16 April 2013 permitting the reintroduction of lions to Kuno, over-ruling the objections of the Gujarat Government.
171:
The concept of reintroduction for purposes of conservation was accepted in 1956 by the Indian Wildlife Board during a meeting of their executive committee at Sasan Gir and the offer by the state government of
1963:
1669:
520:
acknowledged translocation to Kuno as being in the best interest of the species and rejected the Gujarat Government's objections, instead ordering the translocation to be carried out within six months. A
1702:
194:
period of captivity in Junagadh zoo, absence of education of the local villagers and lack of conflict resolution mechanisms are also listed as contributory factors in Chellam and Johnsingh (1999).
2168:
959:
437:
for diversion of 3,395.9 hectares (8,391 acres). By 2002–2003, all 24 villages and the identified families were relocated outside Kuno and the former village area converted into grasslands.
1636:
1525:
1887:
2044:
1913:
555:
The Gujarat government's curative petition against relocation of the wild Asiatic lions from the Gir Forest to Madhya Pradesh was dismissed by the Supreme Court on 14 August 2014.
434:
1762:
1938:
1822:
990:
1855:
2142:
1205:
547:
kilometres (545 sq mi) to an area extending over 10,500 square kilometres (4,100 sq mi), is considered to mitigate against the risk of epidemic disease.
2020:
378:
The second phase would last from 2000 to 2005 and would include fencing off of the lion reintroduction site, the actual trans-location, as well as research and monitoring.
676:
who had as Chief Minister of Gujarat stated that the lion was the pride of Gujarat and had publicly declared his opposition to the transfer of lions outside the state.
295:
In 1993, a workshop was held on the Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) of Asiatic lion and the report was presented to the state forest departments in
354:
The PHVA deliberations were followed by visits to the three most promising site, viz Kuno, Darrah-Jawaharsagar and Sitamata WLS by a survey team of WII headed by Dr
1679:
1107:
12. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change - Saving and Strengthening the Eco System: A holistic Project Lion on the lines of Project Tiger announced.
644:
has constituted a panel for deciding the best course of action in translocation of animals to Gir. The panel comprises 12 members including member secretary
1712:
2227:
2178:
1165:
784:
350:
strengthening effective protection and management of the Gir Forest and assuring the viability of the captive population and alternative genetic resources.
1133:
2115:
1535:
450:
239:
1317:"Supreme Court judgement - Centre for Environment Law, WWF-I Versus Union of India & Others : On the issue of a second home for Asiatic Lion"
1092:"The Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi addressed the Nation from the ramparts of the Red Fort on the 74th Independence Day - Press Information Bureau"
932:
721:
969:
1646:
1365:
1013:
2201:
594:
As of December 2017, Madhya Pradesh still has not received lions from Gujarat. For this reason, it may have given up on trying to acquire them.
159:
and attempted to introduce them in the wild in the forests near Sheopur. The introduced lions took to raiding livestock and some even turned to
710:
355:
1772:
1832:
2276:
513:
was inextricably bound to the culture of Gujarat and that it was a "family member", hence could not be provided for translocation to Kuno.
891:
375:
During the first phase, slated from 1995 to 2000, the 24 villages would be shifted out of the sanctuary and the habitat would be improved.
2080:
1989:
230:
Project Lion is an Indian government initiative to conserve the Asiatic lion species that was announced on 15 August 2020 during the
1249:
Population & Habitat Viability Assessment P.H.V.A. and Global Animal Survival Plan Workshops (18–21 October 1993, Baroda, India)
558:
In the face of continued opposition, the Madhya Pradesh government is considering an alternate plan to release zoo-bred lions from
299:, Gujarat. State forest departments were asked to suggest suitable sites for reintroduction and provide the basic ecological data.
2263:. Available on YouTube: Gir lions in Palpur Kuno Sanctuary - Report by Rajesh badal.mp4 by Rajesh Badal. Uploaded on Feb 14, 2011.
2281:
1735:
1272:"Preparations for the reintroduction of Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica into Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, India"
1501:
867:
827:
645:
1241:
785:"A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group"
1058:
641:
430:
1610:
283:
1460:
705:
326:
525:
was called in the villages adjoining the Sasan Gir region on 18 April 2013 protesting the Supreme Court decision.
453:, have been working for better rehabilitation of villagers who agreed to move out of the Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary.
731:
494:
345:
The PHVA report strongly favoured the scientific management of reintroduction of Asiatic lions to another site:
35:
is the last natural habitat of more than 674 wild Asiatic lions, though plans are afoot to re-introduce some to
2291:
2286:
332:
277:
566:, a move which has been criticised in the light of the deaths of two newly translocated zoo-bred lions in the
1395:
1175:
conflict and will involve local communities living in the vicinity and also provide livelihood opportunities.
657:
653:
265:
1558:
602:
As of October 2018, the lions were still in Gujarat, and 23 of them were found dead. 4 of them had died of
563:
316:
259:
335:- assessed as having limited area, unsuitable terrain, limited water and prey base as well as disturbance.
649:
626:
203:
1410:
303:
translocation, captive zoo animals, public education, veterinary, reproductive and genetic aspects etc.
1964:"Stalemate on translocation of Gir lions Kuno Palpur in Madhya Pradesh to be used as tiger habitat now"
1187:
1119:
1796:"Translocating animals outside home turf is high risk: International Union for Conservation of Nature"
2301:
2296:
579:
65:
in the wild by means of reintroduction. The last wild population of the Asiatic lion is found in the
1032:
505:
498:
338:
231:
178:
70:
381:
The final phase III would last from 2005 to 2015 and would focus on eco-development of the region.
509:
341:- assessed as having scarcity of water, prey and forage, as well as encroachment and disturbance.
310:
906:
726:
603:
517:
271:
2092:
1491:
817:
1435:
1389:
1316:
859:
781:
685:
559:
190:
in 1960, seven in 1962 and eleven in 1965 after which the population died out inexplicably.
2049:
2021:"Did The Failure To Set Up A 'Second Home' For In Madhya Pradesh Cause Lion Deaths In Gir?"
700:
695:
583:
322:
253:
101:. However, the proposed translocation has been bitterly contested by the state government.
1240:
Ashraf, N.V.K.; Chellam, Ravi; Sharma, D.; Molur, Sanjay; Walker, Sally, eds. (May 1995).
8:
1091:
490:
445:
species preservation via dislocation of human populations living inside Protected Areas.
148:
66:
2173:
1827:
1767:
1763:"Can't send lions to gun country: International Union for Conservation of Nature norms"
1707:
1641:
1530:
1181:
964:
567:
119:
94:
36:
1497:
1141:
1113:
1024:
863:
823:
607:
433:(MOEF) of the Government of India, which granted its approval under Section 2 of the
82:
852:
1888:"MP had plan to shift zoo-bred lions, looking at Modi's objection on those in wild"
1283:
86:
57:
660:
has been set up to decide the translocation protocol and report within six weeks.
2058:
1674:
1583:
2024:
690:
109:
98:
40:
2260:
1288:
1271:
1066:
19:
2270:
2045:"Asiatic lions in Gujarat's Gir forest dying of Canine Distemper Virus: ICMR"
1206:"Project Lion: Proposal identifies 6 relocation sites apart from Kuno-Palpur"
1145:
1028:
673:
571:
471:
There is no need to shift lions from Gir. We will ensure their survival here.
243:
235:
186:
173:
394:
905:(3). Dept of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota. Archived from
751:
156:
90:
52:
43:
to ensure their longterm survival against epidemics and natural calamities.
504:
The Gujarat State Wildlife Department proposed new homes for lions in the
493:
and the lions if reintroduced there would be in danger, that the proposed
319:- later rejected due to human interference and inadequate prey population.
1166:"Project Lion: Union Forest Minister Visits Gir National Park In Gujarat"
207:
152:
128:
1939:"Tired of Gujarat reluctance on Gir lions, MP to release tigers in Kuno"
1468:
754:, the Cat Classification Taskforce of the Cat Specialist Group subsumed
716:
630:
62:
51:
is an initiative of the Indian Government to provide safeguards to the
24:
892:"Pride in Place: Reintroduction of Asiatic Lions in Gir Forest, India"
402:
163:, subsequent to which they were all eventually tracked down and shot.
2054:
1994:
614:
611:
160:
132:
78:
2143:"Translocation of Asiatic lions: Gujarat's objections brushed aside"
516:
This stand of Gujarat suffered a setback when on 15 April 2013, the
2255:
819:
Field Days: A Naturalist's Journey Through South and Southeast Asia
648:, the Chief Wildlife Wardens of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, member
425:
296:
182:
136:
89:. The project aims to establish a second independent population of
329:- later rejected due to degraded habitat and unsuitable geography.
640:
In compliance with the Supreme Court order of 15 April 2013, the
634:
485:
74:
28:
1342:
123:
in the vicinity of 1050 villages in four contiguous districts -
1098:. Prime Minister's Office - Government of India. 15 August 2020
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
750:
In 2017, due to the Asiatic lion's close relationship with the
306:
The sites were assessed and ranked for suitability as follows:
215:
124:
2169:"Gujarat objects to tiger experts on panel to shift Gir lions"
1914:"No sign of Gir transfer, MP seeks to shift zoo lions to Kuno"
1134:"Project Lion: Gujarat govt sought Rs 2,000 crore from Centre"
2254:
Information on Asiatic lion and Gir Forest at the website of
1999:
1856:"Modi, Chouhan continue sparring over translocation of lions"
1411:"The Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary – a new home for Asiatic Lions?"
197:
32:
998:
995:, May 17, 2012, Ahmedabad (Gujarat) Edition, Times of India.
960:"Asiatic lions have homes in over 1,000 Saurashtra villages"
389:
2140:
1670:"Sasan bandh against SC verdict on trans-location of lions"
1608:
543:
406:
Asiatic lioness, named MOTI, at Bristol Zoo, England (1996)
113:
Historical and proposed lion reintroduction sites in India
992:
Past efforts to settle lions in Madhya Pradesh had failed
933:"Asiatic lions: Gujarat's roar in court lacked substance"
446:
1990:"Rare Asiatic lions threatened as sanctuary deaths rise"
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1239:
629:
a pride or two of wild, free-ranging Asiatic lions from
501:
to Kuno rendered it unsuitable for lion reintroduction.
1736:"Environmentalists slam Gujarat's fight over Gir lions"
1584:"Gujarat's Asiatic lions must be shared - Indian court"
1270:
Johnsingh, A.J.T.; Goyal, S.P.; Qureshi, Qamar (2007).
1050:
456:
166:
2228:"Gir lions' relocation to Madhya Pradesh faces hurdle"
528:
410:
1376:(11). Archived from the original on September 8, 2006
1296:
1269:
843:
1733:
1700:
1611:"Lions' roar to echo in Porbandar's Barda Sanctuary"
620:
2141:Kaushik, Himanshu & Naveen, P. (30 July 2013).
1609:Jha, Paras K. & Gagdekar, Roxy (4 April 2012).
2012:
1853:
1523:
851:
672:environmentalists supporting the translocation to
240:Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
2166:
1820:
1793:
1556:
957:
850:Sunquist, Mel; Sunquist, Fiona (15 August 2002).
722:Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
16:Initiative to prevent extinction of Asiatic lions
2268:
2225:
2199:
1981:
1703:"Reluctant to part with lions, Gujarat moves SC"
1408:
1011:
849:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1787:
142:
2078:
1363:
711:International Union for Conservation of Nature
419:
1637:"New sanctuary for lions to come up at Jesar"
1433:
883:
77:. The single population faces the threats of
2193:
1905:
1874:
1634:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
2037:
1847:
1493:Gir Forest and the saga of the Asiatic lion
1453:
1263:
2134:
2113:
1911:
1885:
1550:
1427:
1357:
783:Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017).
198:The Wildlife Institute of India initiative
2107:
1823:"10 translocations have failed worldwide"
1694:
1483:
1287:
1282:(41). Cambridge University Press: 93–96.
1251:. Zoo Outreach Organisation / CBSG, India
1056:
1012:Chellam, Ravi; Johnsingh, A.J.T. (1999).
815:
798:
390:Lion reintroduction at Kuno National Park
313:- found most suitable for reintroduction.
1931:
1559:"Zoo-bred Asiatic lions for MP jungles?"
1345:. Madhya Pradesh State Forest Department
822:. Universities Press. pp. 126–138.
775:
401:
393:
108:
18:
2072:
1956:
1854:Chaturvedi, Devika (4 September 2013).
1814:
1760:
1576:
1526:"Gir will be lions' only home: Gujarat"
1524:Times News Network (2 September 2004).
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1203:
889:
858:. University of Chicago Press. p.
586:in Madhya Pradesh had been downplayed.
2269:
2256:Asiatic Lion Protection Society (ALPS)
2160:
2018:
1496:. Indus Publishing. pp. 226–227.
1210:Down to Earth (www.downtoearth.org.in)
1172:. Outlook India Webdesk. 24 May 2022.
578:corridor for migrating tigers between
416:kilometres (489.910 sq mi).
234:celebrations by Indian prime minister
1628:
1602:
1489:
1402:
1199:
1197:
1086:
1084:
646:National Tiger Conservation Authority
441:Central Government was Rs.15 crores.
2261:Aaj Tak Video News Report (in Hindi)
2202:"Kuno expansion must to house lions"
1734:Agence France-Presse (2 July 2013).
1701:Mahapatra, Dhananjay (2 July 2013).
1557:Kaushik, Himanshu (6 October 2009).
1323:. Government of India. 16 April 2013
1222:
1014:"Translocating Asiatic Lions, India"
930:
457:Opposition by the Gujarat Government
361:
167:The Chandraprabha relocation of 1957
2277:Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project
1987:
1761:Kaushik, Himanshu (29 April 2013).
1667:
652:, and scientists Drs Ravi Chellam,
642:Ministry of Environment and Forests
633:in the neighboring Indian state of
529:Supreme Court verdict and aftermath
431:Ministry of Environment and Forests
411:Establishing the wildlife sanctuary
290:
49:Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project
13:
2200:Himanshu Kaushik (22 April 2015).
2167:Kaushik, Himanshu (27 July 2013).
1794:Kaushik, Himanshu (19 July 2013).
1204:Kukreti, Ishan (23 October 2020).
1194:
1081:
958:Parmar, Vijaysinh (15 July 2013).
899:Restoration and Reclamation Review
816:Johnsingh, AJT (1 February 2006).
14:
2313:
2248:
2226:Aggarwal, Mayank (18 June 2015).
1821:Kaushik, Himanshu (28 Jun 2013).
621:Translocation plan within Gujarat
249:The six new potential sites are:
2122:. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd
1434:Kabra, Asmita (September 2007).
1321:The Judgement Information System
1057:Mazoomdar, Jay (27 April 2013).
939:. DB Corp Ltd., Noida, UP, India
706:List of Protected areas in India
429:forests, a move approved by the
327:Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary
286:and adjoining landscape, Gujarat
242:and is modelled on the lines of
2219:
1754:
1727:
1661:
1517:
1335:
1158:
1126:
732:Cheetah reintroduction in India
272:Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary
225:
2282:Wildlife conservation in India
2116:"Gir lions to roar in MP soon"
2079:Bunsha, Dionne (20 May 2007).
2019:Bobins, Abraham (2018-10-05).
1912:Naveen, P. (5 December 2014).
1635:Pathak, Anil (19 March 2006).
1436:"Preservation via Dislocation"
1364:Bunsha, Dionne (21 May 2003).
984:
951:
931:Shah, Jumana (16 April 2013).
924:
744:
435:Forest (Conservation) Act 1980
333:Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary
278:Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary
1:
1988:Ray, Saptarshi (2018-10-05).
1886:Naveen, P. (15 August 2014).
1065:. Tehelka.com. Archived from
769:
542:subject. With the release of
1862:. Living Media India Limited
424:Twenty four villages of the
317:Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary
266:Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve
143:Sheopur introduction of 1904
39:in the neighboring State of
7:
2114:Naveen, P. (23 July 2013).
1802:. Bennett & Coleman Ltd
679:
650:Wildlife Institute of India
420:Rehabilitation of villagers
260:Sitamata Wildlife Sanctuary
204:Wildlife Institute of India
10:
2318:
1742:. NDTV Convergence Limited
794:(Special Issue 11): 71−73.
284:Jessore-Balaram Ambaji WLS
155:in 1904, imported cubs of
104:
1409:Samrakshan Trust (2006).
1394:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1289:10.1017/S0030605307001512
1059:"Science Trumps Politics"
580:Ranthambore National Park
499:Southern African cheetahs
151:, on being encouraged by
737:
506:Barda Wildlife Sanctuary
339:Barda Wildlife Sanctuary
179:Chandra Prabha Sanctuary
71:Gir Forest National Park
1490:Mitra, Sudipta (2005).
597:
589:
550:
510:Bhavnagar Amreli Forest
311:Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary
238:. It will be under the
97:in the Indian state of
1186:: CS1 maint: others (
1118:: CS1 maint: others (
890:Paulson, Mark (1999).
854:Wild Cats of the World
604:canine distemper virus
518:Supreme Court of India
474:
407:
399:
352:
114:
44:
2292:Animal reintroduction
2287:Conservation projects
2081:"A kingdom too small"
1668:PTI (18 April 2013).
1461:"The Kuno Initiative"
1242:"Asiatic Lion Report"
686:Wildlife conservation
606:, which killed 1,000
568:safari park at Etawah
468:
405:
397:
347:
232:74th independence day
112:
87:anthropogenic factors
22:
2091:(10). Archived from
2050:Press Trust of India
1021:Re-introduction News
701:Ex-situ conservation
696:in-situ conservation
584:Madhav National Park
254:Madhav National Park
2095:on 12 February 2012
1366:"Left high and dry"
912:on 1 September 2012
727:Iran's Project Lion
491:Panna National Park
398:A male Asiatic lion
149:Maharaja of Gwalior
2174:The Times of India
2147:The Times of India
2120:The Times of India
1828:The Times of India
1768:The Times of India
1708:The Times of India
1649:on 2 November 2013
1642:The Times of India
1531:The Times of India
1138:The Times of India
965:The Times of India
608:East African lions
408:
400:
115:
95:Kuno National Park
73:, in the state of
45:
37:Kuno National Park
1503:978-81-7387-183-2
1069:on April 22, 2013
1038:on 3 October 2008
972:on 6 October 2013
869:978-0-226-77999-7
829:978-81-7371-552-5
582:in Rajasthan and
362:Project framework
83:natural disasters
2309:
2302:Panthera leo leo
2297:Mammals of India
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2177:. Archived from
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2138:
2132:
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2129:
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2111:
2105:
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2016:
2010:
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1900:
1898:
1883:
1872:
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1869:
1867:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1831:. Archived from
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1771:. Archived from
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1711:. Archived from
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1682:on 21 April 2013
1678:. Archived from
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1645:. Archived from
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1563:DeccanHerald.com
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1534:. Archived from
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1467:. Archived from
1465:Samrakshan Trust
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1415:
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1400:
1399:
1393:
1385:
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1381:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1343:"Kuno Sanctuary"
1339:
1333:
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1330:
1328:
1313:
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1103:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1063:Tehelka magazine
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1031:. Archived from
1018:
1009:
996:
988:
982:
981:
979:
977:
968:. Archived from
955:
949:
948:
946:
944:
937:DailyBhaskar.com
928:
922:
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911:
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847:
841:
840:
838:
836:
813:
796:
795:
789:
779:
763:
748:
451:Samrakshan Trust
291:1993 PHVA report
274:, Madhya Pradesh
256:, Madhya Pradesh
58:Panthera leo leo
27:in the State of
2317:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2267:
2266:
2251:
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2181:on 30 July 2013
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2098:
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2059:Hindustan Times
2043:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2017:
2013:
2004:
2002:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1971:
1968:Hindustan Times
1962:
1961:
1957:
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1835:on 23 July 2013
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1775:on 29 June 2013
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1675:Hindustan Times
1666:
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1629:
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1617:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1590:. 15 April 2013
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1538:on 29 June 2013
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814:
799:
787:
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772:
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766:
749:
745:
740:
682:
637:to start with.
625:The plan is to
623:
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553:
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459:
422:
413:
392:
364:
293:
228:
200:
169:
145:
107:
17:
12:
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2305:
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2250:
2249:External links
2247:
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2218:
2206:Indiatimes.com
2192:
2159:
2133:
2106:
2071:
2036:
2011:
1980:
1955:
1943:Times of India
1930:
1918:Indiatimes.com
1904:
1892:Indiatimes.com
1873:
1846:
1813:
1800:Indiatimes.com
1786:
1753:
1726:
1715:on 5 July 2013
1693:
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1140:. 2021-08-11.
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693:
691:Reintroduction
688:
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478:
477:
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449:, such as the
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99:Madhya Pradesh
41:Madhya Pradesh
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2015:
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1860:IndiaToday.in
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1471:on 2013-10-23
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1023:(18): 11–13.
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756:P. l. persica
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241:
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236:Narendra Modi
233:
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212:Rusa unicolor
209:
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187:Uttar Pradesh
184:
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164:
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157:African lions
154:
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91:Asiatic lions
88:
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60:
59:
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42:
38:
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2231:
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2205:
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2179:the original
2172:
2162:
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2146:
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2119:
2109:
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2093:the original
2088:
2084:
2074:
2063:. Retrieved
2061:. 2018-10-05
2048:
2039:
2028:. Retrieved
2014:
2003:. Retrieved
1993:
1983:
1972:. Retrieved
1970:. 2017-12-07
1967:
1958:
1947:. Retrieved
1945:. 2017-12-05
1942:
1933:
1921:. Retrieved
1917:
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1891:
1866:28 September
1864:. Retrieved
1859:
1849:
1837:. Retrieved
1833:the original
1826:
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1799:
1789:
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1773:the original
1766:
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1739:
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1713:the original
1706:
1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1680:the original
1673:
1663:
1651:. Retrieved
1647:the original
1640:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:
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1587:
1578:
1566:. Retrieved
1562:
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1536:the original
1529:
1519:
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1492:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1469:the original
1464:
1455:
1443:. Retrieved
1439:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1404:
1390:cite journal
1378:. Retrieved
1373:
1369:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1320:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1248:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1149:. Retrieved
1137:
1128:
1106:
1100:. Retrieved
1095:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:the original
1062:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1033:the original
1020:
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986:
974:. Retrieved
970:the original
963:
953:
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936:
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907:the original
902:
898:
885:
873:. Retrieved
853:
845:
833:. Retrieved
818:
791:
777:
759:
755:
752:Barbary lion
746:
670:
666:
662:
639:
624:
601:
593:
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522:
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495:introduction
483:
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469:
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443:
439:
423:
414:
384:
369:
365:
356:Ravi Chellam
353:
348:
344:
305:
301:
294:
248:
229:
226:Project Lion
219:
211:
201:
192:
170:
146:
116:
56:
53:Asiatic lion
48:
46:
627:reintroduce
280:, Rajasthan
268:, Rajasthan
262:, Rajasthan
153:Lord Curzon
129:Gir Somnath
120:territories
2271:Categories
2065:2018-10-05
2030:2018-10-05
2025:Indiatimes
2005:2018-05-05
1974:2018-01-27
1949:2018-01-27
1923:20 January
1897:20 January
1568:20 January
1215:2023-03-13
1151:2023-03-13
1102:2023-03-13
1096:pib.gov.in
770:References
717:Extinction
658:Y.V. Jhala
654:Y.V. Jhala
631:Gir Forest
564:Sakkarbaug
161:man-eating
85:and other
63:extinction
25:Gir Forest
2085:Frontline
2055:New Delhi
1995:The Times
1370:Frontline
1182:cite news
1146:0971-8257
1029:1560-3709
760:P. l. leo
615:ecoregion
612:Serengeti
560:Hyderabad
220:Axis axis
133:Bhavnagar
79:epidemics
2232:LiveMint
2211:26 April
1779:30 April
1740:NDTV.com
1686:23 April
1594:23 April
1542:19 April
1509:22 April
1327:28 April
1255:25 April
1114:cite web
1073:19 April
1042:19 April
943:19 April
916:19 April
875:22 April
835:22 April
792:Cat News
680:See also
426:Sahariya
297:Vadodara
183:Varanasi
181:, near
137:Junagadh
2185:30 July
2152:30 July
2126:23 July
2099:13 June
1839:23 July
1806:23 July
1746:13 July
1719:13 July
1653:13 June
1620:13 June
1475:13 June
1445:13 June
1440:Seminar
1419:12 June
976:23 July
635:Gujarat
610:in the
486:Gujarat
462:that:
105:History
93:at the
75:Gujarat
61:) from
29:Gujarat
2237:19 Jun
2057:: The
1500:
1380:12 Jun
1144:
1027:
866:
826:
713:(IUCN)
323:Darrah
216:chital
214:) and
208:sambar
125:Amreli
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2000:Delhi
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