750:
762:
638:
surgery for recurrent urinary incontinence or infection of the device. In a pooled analysis of the available studies the reintervention rate (for any cause) was roughly 26%. Significantly, some studies have demonstrated that surgeons who perform this procedure more frequently (high-volume surgeons) have improved outcomes compared to those who do them less frequently. In fact, in this series the reoperative rates decreased by approximately 50% as surgeons reached their 200th case emphasizing the need for potential patients to seek high volume surgeons to improve their chance of success.
774:
79:
93:
786:
228:
524:
491:
462:
25:
269:), introduced in 2008. It is a one-piece two-part device with a cuff and a pump unit with an integrated spring; it comes in one piece, pre-connected and pre-filled. There is no abdominal component in the ZSI 375, which along with its ready-to-implant configuration reduces the operating time. Furthermore, because there is no abdominal component, surgical interventions in the
500:
471:
596:
with 5 to 7 years of follow-up. In a recent systematic review, the success rate was reported to be 79% with follow-up period ranging from 5 months to 16 years. A comparative study among patients implanted with different models of artificial urinary sphincter and achieved social continence showed no difference between two groups in regards of
577:
There is limited data on AUS use in women, and not every product available in the market is designed for use in women. The
European Association of Urology provides limited recommendation on AUS use in women, stating that although cure is possible the risk of complication is high. Nonetheless, AUS has
273:
are not required. Previous surgeries, such as radical prostatectomy, may lead to post-operative scarring and fibrosis in the retroperitoneal space. Thus, avoiding dissection of retroperitoneal tissues avoids risks of surgical complications. Another advantage of the ZSI 375 model is the possibility to
637:
In the largest available series evaluating 1082 patients that underwent primary AUS placement, the 5-year device survival rate was 74% which is consistent with the reported outcomes in the literature, ranging from 59% to 79%. Notably, in all series, over time some patients needed to undergo a repeat
616:
In different studies with a mean follow-up of more than 6 years, at least 73% of men with an implanted artificial urinary sphincter were satisfied or very satisfied with the device, and 10-23% reported dissatisfaction. At shorter periods of follow-up (2–4 years) the satisfaction rates achieved over
293:
inside the system is used to generate pressure and compress the urethra (to prevent urine from leaking). The urethral cuff is deflated manually by pressing the control pump that is placed in the scrotum, allowing the patient to empty the bladder. The urethral cuff then re-inflates automatically to
194:
The artificial urinary sphincter with a balloon reservoir (3-component): cuff, pump and balloon. The cuff is placed around the urethra; the pump is inserted in the scrotum and the balloon reservoir is implanted in the retropubic space – between bladder and iliac vein. The pressure in the hydraulic
595:
use) or social continence (use of ≤1 pad/day) with the implanted device, ranges from 61% to 100% in the literature. Improvement in quality of life has also been considered as success even if more than 1 pad/day was needed. The success rate was reported at 78% with a 3-year follow-up, and over 72%
716:
Sexual intercourse should be avoided for the first 6 weeks after the procedure to allow the wound to heal properly. Physical activities that put direct pressure on the wound, such as horseback and bike riding, should also be avoided for at least 6 weeks. Patients may be prescribed with a scrotal
1341:
Ostrowski, Ireneusz; Golabek, Tomasz; Ciechan, Janusz; Śledź, Emil; Przydacz, Mikolaj; Dyś, Wojciech; Blewniewski, Mariusz; von Heyden, Burkhard; Pottek, Tobias; Neugart, Frank; Carrieri, Giuseppe; Selvaggio, Oscar; Iori, Francesco; Arjona, Manuel Fernández; Foley, Steve; Yang, Bob; Llorens,
2453:
Viers, Boyd R.; Linder, Brian J.; Rivera, Marcelino E.; Rangel, Laureano J.; Ziegelmann, Matthew J.; Elliott, Daniel S. (2016). "Long-Term
Quality of Life and Functional Outcomes among Primary and Secondary Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantations in Men with Stress Urinary Incontinence".
218:
which keeps the urethral lumen closed; this is due to the pressure produced inside the device and an externally accessible control pump mechanism placed between two skin layers of the scrotum (subdartos pouch) which allows the user to manually relieve the constriction to allow urination.
628:
The quality of life after AUS implantation has been shown to be significantly improved in numerous studies using various scaling tools. And the quality of life appears not to be adversely affected by reinterventions, providing that the device continues to function after the revision.
503:
474:
507:
506:
502:
501:
478:
477:
473:
472:
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Surveys of patients that underwent the procedure have found that over 90% would recommend the procedure to a friend or relative with the same problem, and over 90% would undergo the implantation again. Along with this, 14% of patients reported improvement in sexual activity.
508:
479:
286:. By 2019, more than 4,500 ZSI 375 artificial urinary sphincters have been implanted worldwide. In addition to the devices mentioned above, new devices are being brought to market, such as the Rigicon ContiClassic and ContiReflex Artificial Urinary Sphincter systems.
1543:
702:
One of the causes of mechanical failure are the complications related to the balloon reservoir. It has been reported that 26% of men with an implanted AUS required reoperation at the 10-year follow-up, in order to regulate the pressure inside the device.
2246:
Constable, Lynda; Abrams, Paul; Cooper, David; Kilonzo, Mary; Cotterill, Nikki; Harding, Chris; Drake, Marcus J; Pardoe, Megan N; McDonald, Alison; Smith, Rebecca; Norrie, John; McCormack, Kirsty; Ramsay, Craig; Uren, Alan; Mundy, Tony (2022-08-01).
254:), developed 50 years ago. It is a 3-component device with a cuff placed around the urethra, a pump inserted in the scrotum and a pressure generating reservoir placed in the pelvis, which comes as a kit to prepare and to fill up before implantation.
274:
increase or decrease the pressure inside the device after implantation to meet the desired continence rate and satisfaction of the patient. These adjustments particularly help to control continence in cases of post-implantation urethral atrophy or
505:
476:
761:
950:
Bauer, Ricarda M.; Gozzi, Christian; Hübner, Wilhelm; Nitti, Victor W.; Novara, Giacomo; Peterson, Andrew; Sandhu, Jaspreet S.; Stief, Christian G. (June 2011). "Contemporary
Management of Postprostatectomy Incontinence".
1590:
Ostrowski, Ireneusz; Blewniewski, Mariusz; Neugart, Frank; von Heyden, Burkhard; Selvaggio, Oscar; Iori, Francesco; Foley, Steeve; Arjona, Manuel Fernández; Obando, Alejandro
Carvajal; Pottek, Tobias (1 August 2017).
773:
2076:
Ostrowski, Ireneusz; Blewniewski, Mariusz; Neugart, Frank; von Heyden, Burkhard; Selvaggio, Oscar; Iori, Francesco; Foley, Steeve; Fernández Arjona, Manuel; Carvajal Obando, Alejandro; Pottek, Tobias (29 May 2017).
737:
or any other medical intervention on the urinary tract. Deactivating the device at nights may be recommended to patients, especially those who report being dry at night, to minimize the risks of urethral atrophy.
608:, etc. A randomised controlled trial found that the artificial urinary sphincter was non-inferior to the male or synthetic sling with respect to improving incontinence. The male sling was more cost-effective.
2538:
Linder, Brian J.; Rivera, Marcelino E.; Ziegelmann, Matthew J.; Elliott, Daniel S. (2015). "Long-term
Outcomes Following Artificial Urinary Sphincter Placement: An Analysis of 1082 Cases at Mayo Clinic".
2360:
Chung, Eric (17 June 2014). "A state-of-the-art review on the evolution of urinary sphincter devices for the treatment of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: Past, present and future innovations".
699:. Mechanical failures and non-mechanical complications may lead to surgical revision in 8-45% and 7-17% of cases, respectively. The overall device explantation rates in males is reported to be 16-20%.
591:
Numerous studies have been published regarding the outcomes of patients that have undergone artificial urinary sphincter implantation. The success rate, generally defined as achieving total (no
504:
475:
621:
does not seem to be unfavorably affected. The initial satisfaction with the continence rate is reported to be improved by adjusting the pressure inside the implant with the ZSI 375 model.
2833:
Elliott, Daniel S; Barrett, David M; Gohma, Mohamed; Boone, Timothy B (June 2001). "Does nocturnal deactivation of the artificial urinary sphincter lessen the risk of urethral atrophy?".
1273:
1139:
Yafi, Faysal A.; Powers, Mary K.; Zurawin, Jonathan; Hellstrom, Wayne J.G. (April 2016). "Contemporary Review of
Artificial Urinary Sphincters for Male Stress Urinary Incontinence".
1544:"Efficacy of the Artificial Urinary Sphincter ZSI 375 for Treatment of Post-Radical Prostatectomy Incontinence in Patients with Intrinsic Sphincter Deficiency: A Preliminary Study"
1882:
Routh, Jonathan C.; Husmann, Douglas A. (1 October 2007). "Long-term continence outcomes after immediate repair of pediatric bladder neck lacerations extending into the urethra".
1499:
Staerman, Frederic; G-Llorens, Christophe; Leon, Priscilla; Leclerc, Yves (April 2013). "ZSI 375 artificial urinary sphincter for male urinary incontinence: a preliminary study".
555:), AUS is considered to be the gold standard surgical management both for stress incontinence in men and for urinary incontinence developed as a complication of surgery, such as
1838:
666:
recurrent incontinence from either device failure or atrophy of the urethral tissues (in which case further surgery can remove the old device and replace it with a new one).
238:
was the first to describe an externally worn artificial urinary sphincter to treat urinary incontinence, published in 1947. In 1972, F. Brantley Scott and colleagues from
749:
617:
90%. In another study with mean follow-up of over 7 years, the overall satisfaction rate measured 3.9 on a scale from 0 to 5. The satisfaction rate in patients after
785:
1344:"Preliminary outcomes of the European multicentre experience with the ZSI 375 artificial urinary sphincter for treatment of stress urinary incontinence in men"
198:
The artificial urinary sphincter with a spring (2-component): cuff and pump unit. The cuff is placed around the urethra and the pump unit is inserted in the
2212:
1542:
Obando, Alejandro
Carvajal; Gil, Federico Gavira; Martinez, Álvaro Gutiérrez; Molina, Luis Fernando Echeverry; Botero, Juan Carlos Castaño (1 June 2017).
2249:"Synthetic sling or artificial urinary sphincter for men with urodynamic stress incontinence after prostate surgery: the MASTER non-inferiority RCT"
1732:
Vakalopoulos, Ioannis; Kampantais, Spyridon; Laskaridis, Leonidas; Chachopoulos, Vasileios; Koptsis, Michail; Toutziaris, Chrysovalantis (2012).
852:
Vakalopoulos, Ioannis; Kampantais, Spyridon; Laskaridis, Leonidas; Chachopoulos, Vasileios; Koptsis, Michail; Toutziaris, Chrysovalantis (2012).
767:
An X-ray image of implanted ZSI 375. The device is deactivated – the spring is compressed below the top of the cylinder. Patient is incontinent.
570:
There are several case reports published in the literature of AUS implantation in children for secondary incontinence resulting from traumatic
2898:
2168:"The Artificial Urinary Sphincter After a Quarter of a Century: A Critical Systematic Review of Its Use in Male Non-neurogenic Incontinence"
1230:
Scott, F. B.; Bradley, W. E.; Timm, G. W. (1974-07-01). "Treatment of urinary incontinence by an implantable prosthetic urinary sphincter".
1282:
779:
An X-ray image of implanted ZSI 375. The device is activated – the spring is decompressed at the top of the cylinder. Patient is continent.
2494:"Post-Prostatectomy incontinence and the Artificial Urinary Sphincter: A Long-Term Study of Patient Satisfaction and Criteria for Success"
1683:
Chung E, Liao L, Kim JH, Wang Z, Kitta T, Lin AT, Lee KS, Ye L, Chu P, Kaiho Y, Takei M, Jiang H, Lee J, Masuda H, Tse V (February 2023).
578:
been used as a last resort for treating urinary incontinence in women due to congenital causes and secondary to neurological diseases.
1785:"Contemporary surgical devices for male stress urinary incontinence: a review of technological advances in current continence surgery"
1919:"Single piece artificial urinary sphincter for secondary incontinence following successful repair of post traumatic urethral injury"
1857:
210:
The common theme among currently available designs is a mechanical constriction mechanism – an inflatable cuff filled with sterile
1396:"Four-year follow-up on a ZSI 375 artificial urinary sphincter for male urinary incontinence from one urological centre in Poland"
1311:
817:
242:
designed the first precursor of contemporary artificial urinary sphincter. The first AUS model on the market was the AMS 800 (
1851:
2120:"Urinary Artificial Sphincter ZSI 375 for Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Men: 5 and 7 Years Follow-Up Report"
2079:"Multicentre Experience with ZSI 375 Artificial Urinary Sphincter for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Men"
1593:"Multicentre experience with ZSI 375 artificial urinary sphincter for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in men"
37:
2784:"Artificial urinary sphincter urethral erosions: Temporal patterns, management, and incidence of preventable erosions"
2891:
3219:
2756:
536:
278:(poor urine flow). Adjustment of the pressure can be done in an outpatient setting by adding or removing sterile
45:
2492:
Litwiller, Scott E.; Kim, Kap B.; Fone, Patricia D.; deVere White, Ralph W.; Stone, Anthony R. (December 1996).
2029:"The Surgical Learning Curve for Artificial Urinary Sphincter Procedures Compared to Typical Surgeon Experience"
1445:"The Surgical Learning Curve for Artificial Urinary Sphincter Procedures Compared to Typical Surgeon Experience"
517:
Diagrams and videos of implanted artificial urinary sphincters in operation (top to bottom: AMS 800 and ZSI 375)
2166:
Van der Aa, Frank; Drake, Marcus J.; Kasyan, George R.; Petrolekas, Andreas; Cornu, Jean-Nicolas (April 2013).
136:
126:
41:
2731:
1837:
Burkhard, F.C.; Bosch, J.L.H.R.; Cruz, F.; Lemack, G.E.; Nambiar, A.K.; Thiruchelvam, N.; Tubaro, A. (2018).
1394:
Ostrowski, Ireneusz; Ciechan, Janusz; Sledz, Emil; Dys, Wojciech; Golabek, Tomasz; Chłosta, Piotr L. (2018).
3269:
3249:
2936:
2884:
605:
1091:
1045:
3082:
2406:"The artificial urinary sphincter is the treatment of choice for post–radical prostatectomy incontinence"
2167:
1444:
822:
670:
The overall reported complication rate in males is 37%. The most common postoperative complications are:
548:
202:. The pressure in the hydraulic circuit is generated by the spring of the pump unit. The pressure in the
3264:
3169:
247:
239:
1046:"An Artificial Sphincter: A New Device and Operation for Control of Enuresis and Urinary Incontinence"
3254:
1182:
729:, it is vital that the patient informs their health care provider they have an AUS fitted before any
2876:
3259:
3112:
2929:
423:
398:
370:
342:
258:
1634:"Surgical Management of Male Stress Incontinence: Techniques, Indications, and Pearls for Success"
3197:
3154:
2871:
730:
2576:"The current role of the artificial urinary sphincter for the treatment of urinary incontinence"
2493:
544:
3164:
2968:
527:
Correcting post-implantation incontinence with pressure adjustment in ZSI 375-implanted patient
2625:"The Current Role of the Artificial Urinary Sphincter in Male and Female Urinary Incontinence"
1973:"The Current Role of the Artificial Urinary Sphincter in Male and Female Urinary Incontinence"
3122:
3034:
270:
3274:
3127:
3001:
2574:
Hussain, Mahreen; Greenwell, Tamsin J.; Venn, Suzie N.; Mundy, Anthony R. (1 August 2005).
1734:"New Artificial Urinary Sphincter Devices in the Treatment of Male Iatrogenic Incontinence"
854:"New Artificial Urinary Sphincter Devices in the Treatment of Male Iatrogenic Incontinence"
802:
171:
995:"Artificial urinary sphincters for male stress urinary incontinence: current perspectives"
78:
8:
3132:
807:
540:
532:
1709:
1684:
1660:
1633:
3174:
3087:
2810:
2783:
2703:
2691:
2651:
2624:
2600:
2575:
2430:
2405:
2386:
2337:
2310:
2281:
2228:
2213:"Male sling is as good as more complex surgery for incontinence after prostate surgery"
2053:
2028:
1997:
1972:
1945:
1918:
1811:
1784:
1760:
1733:
1565:
1524:
1469:
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853:
696:
692:
597:
167:
92:
2846:
2591:
2509:
2248:
1243:
1107:
1061:
174:, most commonly in men. The AUS is designed to supplement the function of the natural
3212:
3067:
2996:
2850:
2815:
2707:
2695:
2656:
2605:
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2513:
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2002:
1950:
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1512:
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1425:
1373:
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1247:
1202:
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1111:
1065:
1026:
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929:
885:
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332:
290:
279:
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243:
211:
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116:
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2505:
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2425:
2417:
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2220:
2179:
2131:
2090:
2048:
2040:
1992:
1984:
1940:
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1891:
1806:
1796:
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1745:
1704:
1696:
1655:
1645:
1604:
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1508:
1464:
1456:
1415:
1407:
1363:
1355:
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1178:
1148:
1103:
1057:
1016:
1006:
960:
919:
875:
865:
791:
An animated GIF showing how the periurethral cuff of the AUS constricts the urethra
654:
592:
571:
203:
195:
circuit is generated by the elastic balloon reservoir and from retropubic pressure.
2757:"About Your Artificial Urinary Sphincter | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center"
2552:
1198:
1092:"Treatment of Urinary Incontinence By An Implantable Prosthetic Urinary Sphincter"
3202:
3149:
3104:
3021:
2374:
2183:
2044:
1460:
1443:
Sandhu, Jaspreet S.; Maschino, Alexandra C.; Vickers, Andrew J. (December 2011).
964:
601:
227:
2908:
2467:
2224:
1895:
1152:
235:
2641:
1988:
1632:
Smith WJ, VanDyke ME, Venishetty N, Langford BT, Franzen BP, Morey AF (2023).
523:
3243:
3137:
3072:
2800:
2272:
1935:
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812:
556:
251:
1801:
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2006:
1954:
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1429:
1411:
1377:
1359:
1206:
1160:
1069:
1030:
972:
933:
908:"Comparative study of urodynamic tests after AMS 800 and ZSI 375 insertion"
889:
2674:
Amend, Bastian; Toomey, Patricia; Sievert, Karl-Dietrich (November 2013).
2517:
2327:
2311:"Artificial Urinary Sphincter: Long-Term Results and Patient Satisfaction"
1750:
1685:"The Asia-Pacific AMS800 artificial urinary sphincter consensus statement"
1259:
1115:
870:
3207:
3159:
3062:
3057:
2963:
2951:
2924:
428:
266:
2732:"Urinary Sphincter Replacement (Discharge Care) - What You Need to Know"
2027:
Sandhu, Jaspreet S.; Maschino, Alexandra C.; Vickers, Andrew J. (2011).
1650:
1275:
AMS 800™ Urinary
Control System For Male Patients: Operating Room Manual
1011:
3224:
3179:
3144:
3039:
3029:
2973:
2941:
2136:
2119:
2095:
2078:
1609:
1592:
924:
907:
734:
560:
1700:
1090:
Scott, F. Brantley; Bradley, William E.; Timm, Gerald W. (July 1974).
148:
3117:
2946:
2906:
2421:
2264:
2075:
1589:
1281:. Minnetonka, MN: Boston Scientific Corporation. 2017. Archived from
1917:
Kandpal, DK; Rawat, SK; Kanwar, S; Baruha, A; Chowdhary, SK (2013).
1183:"The Artificial Urinary Sphincter in the Management of Incontinence"
294:
refill the urethral cuff and once again prevent urine from leaking.
688:
231:
Artificial urinary sphincters (left to right: AMS 800 and ZSI 375)
34:
may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments
3049:
827:
726:
646:
Possible risks arising from the implantation of the AUS include:
283:
215:
199:
179:
1319:(Second ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: Zephyr Surgical Implants
993:
Cordon, Billy H; Singla, Nirmish; Singla, Ajay K (4 July 2016).
442:
Stainless steel spring inside the pump unit inserted in scrotum
2983:
2916:
2165:
262:
2782:
Agarwal, Deepak K; Linder, Brian J; Elliott, Daniel S (2016).
1631:
755:
CT scan (coronal reconstruction) showing an AMS 800 in a woman
2537:
2491:
2245:
1846:. Arnhem, The Netherlands: European Association of Urology.
1498:
1340:
24:
653:
difficulties emptying the bladder requiring temporary self-
564:
543:
in men. Additionally, despite the novel treatment options (
1342:
Christophe; Różanski, Waldemar; Chłosta, Piotr L. (2019).
1138:
2623:
Islah, MAR; Cho, Sung Yong; Son, Hwancheol (April 2013).
2573:
1971:
Islah, MAR; Cho, Sung Yong; Son, Hwancheol (April 2013).
2832:
1916:
1393:
1309:
535:
is the most common indication for AUS implantation. The
2452:
1836:
1541:
206:
does not have any influence for this type of sphincter.
650:
injury to the urethra or bladder during AUS placement;
190:
There are two types of artificial urinary sphincters:
2026:
1442:
949:
2781:
906:
Ripert, Thomas; Pierrevelcin, Jean (February 2018).
40:. It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's
2118:Llorens, Christophe; Pottek, Tobias (18 May 2017).
1923:
717:support to be worn for 1 week after the procedure.
539:recommends AUS implantation for moderate-to-severe
2673:
992:
905:
3241:
2872:Medscape: Artificial Urinary Sphincter Placement
1840:EAU Guidelines on Urinary Incontinence in Adults
1682:
1229:
1089:
297:The list includes AUS models available in 2023:
2363:Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology
725:To minimize the risk of damage to their AUS or
1176:
531:The intrinsic sphincter deficiency leading to
2892:
2117:
2726:
2724:
2487:
2485:
1881:
1676:
1625:
1389:
1387:
901:
899:
412:Flexible reservoir inserted in pelvic floor
406:3-components: cuff, pump, balloon reservoir
384:Flexible reservoir inserted in pelvic floor
378:3-components: cuff, pump, balloon reservoir
356:Flexible reservoir inserted in pelvic floor
350:3-components: cuff, pump, balloon reservoir
2622:
2304:
2302:
2300:
1970:
663:infection of the device leading to removal;
2899:
2885:
1310:Zephyr Surgical Implants (November 2019).
2809:
2799:
2721:
2650:
2640:
2599:
2482:
2429:
2403:
2336:
2326:
2280:
2135:
2094:
2052:
1996:
1944:
1934:
1810:
1800:
1759:
1749:
1708:
1659:
1649:
1608:
1559:
1468:
1419:
1384:
1367:
1020:
1010:
923:
896:
879:
869:
2763:. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
2308:
2297:
1966:
1964:
988:
986:
984:
982:
522:
395:Rigicon Innovative Urological Solutions
367:Rigicon Innovative Urological Solutions
226:
2410:Canadian Urological Association Journal
1305:
1303:
1172:
1170:
945:
943:
818:Transurethral resection of the prostate
660:persistent stress urinary incontinence;
3242:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
1832:
1830:
1336:
1334:
1225:
1223:
1134:
1132:
999:Medical Devices: Evidence and Research
687:Other less frequent complications are
2880:
2359:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
1961:
1782:
1044:Foley, Frederic E.B. (October 1947).
1043:
979:
178:that restricts urine flow out of the
1313:ARTIFICIAL URINARY SPHINCTER ZSI 375
1300:
1167:
940:
847:
845:
843:
18:
2907:Tests and procedures involving the
2404:Herschorn, Sender (17 April 2013).
2152:
1827:
1789:Translational Andrology and Urology
1400:Central European Journal of Urology
1348:Central European Journal of Urology
1331:
1220:
1129:
170:to treat moderate to severe stress
13:
2692:10.1097/01.MOU.0000434591.02823.d0
2013:
711:
257:Another AUS model is the ZSI 375 (
14:
3286:
2865:
2629:The World Journal of Men's Health
2592:10.1097/01.ju.0000165345.11199.98
1977:The World Journal of Men's Health
840:
337:formerly American Medical Systems
3220:Extracorporeal shockwave therapy
1513:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11468.x
784:
772:
760:
748:
741:
641:
498:
489:
469:
460:
91:
77:
23:
2826:
2775:
2749:
2667:
2616:
2567:
2531:
2446:
2397:
2353:
2239:
2205:
2111:
2069:
1910:
1875:
1776:
1725:
1583:
1535:
1492:
1436:
1266:
720:
611:
586:
537:European Association of Urology
111:Inflatable artificial sphincter
1083:
1037:
632:
451:
436:2-components: cuff, pump unit
185:
1:
2847:10.1016/s0090-4295(01)00963-3
2553:10.1016/j.urology.2015.05.029
2510:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65408-9
1244:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)59647-0
1199:10.1016/j.urology.2016.01.016
1108:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)59647-0
1062:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)69552-1
833:
36:, a violation of Knowledge's
3078:Artificial urinary sphincter
2937:Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
2375:10.3109/03091902.2014.899400
2253:Health Technology Assessment
2184:10.1016/j.eururo.2012.11.034
2045:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.05.048
1461:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.05.048
965:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.03.020
706:
160:artificial urinary sphincter
67:Artificial urinary sphincter
7:
3083:Urethral bulking injections
2309:Montague, Drogo K. (2012).
1795:(Supplement 2): S112–S121.
823:Internal urethral sphincter
796:
581:
549:urethral bulking injections
318:Preconnected and prefilled
10:
3291:
3170:Voiding cystourethrography
2680:Current Opinion in Urology
2468:10.1016/j.juro.2016.03.076
2225:10.3310/nihrevidence_58018
1896:10.1016/j.juro.2007.05.094
1153:10.1016/j.sxmr.2015.11.004
731:urinary catheter placement
674:mechanical failure (8-21%)
282:via a syringe through the
240:Baylor College of Medicine
222:
3190:
3103:
3096:
3048:
3020:
2982:
2915:
2788:Indian Journal of Urology
2642:10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.1.21
2321:(Special Issue): 835290.
1989:10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.1.21
1783:Chung, Eric (July 2017).
145:
135:
125:
115:
107:
71:
66:
3113:Urinary tract ultrasound
2801:10.4103/0970-1591.195758
1936:10.4103/0971-9261.121120
1548:European Medical Journal
683:urethral atrophy (4-10%)
677:urethral erosion (4-15%)
424:Zephyr Surgical Implants
399:United States of America
371:United States of America
343:United States of America
289:In both models, sterile
259:Zephyr Surgical Implants
3198:Urinary catheterization
3155:Radioisotope renography
1802:10.21037/tau.2017.04.12
1141:Sexual Medicine Reviews
3165:Retrograde urethrogram
2969:Kidney transplantation
2676:"Artificial sphincter"
2456:The Journal of Urology
1884:The Journal of Urology
1412:10.5173/ceju.2018.1704
1360:10.5173/ceju.2019.1920
1232:The Journal of Urology
528:
232:
214:and placed around the
3035:Suprapubic cystostomy
1561:10.33590/emj/10313028
526:
271:retroperitoneal space
230:
46:neutral point of view
3002:Ureterosigmoidostomy
803:Urinary incontinence
324:Pressure adjustable
172:urinary incontinence
3270:Implants (medicine)
3250:Urologic procedures
2328:10.1155/2012/835290
2315:Advances in Urology
1751:10.1155/2012/439372
1738:Advances in Urology
1651:10.2147/RRU.S395359
1288:on 24 February 2020
1012:10.2147/MDER.S93637
871:10.1155/2012/439372
858:Advances in Urology
808:Stress incontinence
541:stress incontinence
533:stress incontinence
98:3D Model of ZSI 375
84:3D Model of AMS 800
3175:Urodynamic testing
3088:Cystourethrography
2580:Journal of Urology
2498:Journal of Urology
2137:10.5301/uj.5000243
2096:10.5301/uj.5000246
1610:10.5301/uj.5000246
1177:Suarez, Oscar A.;
1096:Journal of Urology
1050:Journal of Urology
925:10.5301/uj.5000271
529:
309:Country of origin
233:
3265:Medical equipment
3237:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3213:Laser lithotripsy
3068:Urethral sounding
2997:Urinary diversion
1890:(4S): 1816–1818.
1853:978-94-92671-01-1
1701:10.1111/iju.15083
1507:(4b): E202–E206.
1501:BJU International
1179:McCammon, Kurt A.
693:urethral stenosis
680:infection (1-14%)
606:urethral pressure
553:stem-cell therapy
509:
480:
449:
448:
333:Boston Scientific
321:Pressure deliver
276:urinary retention
244:Boston Scientific
176:urinary sphincter
156:
155:
103:
102:
62:
61:
3282:
3255:Urologic surgery
3101:
3100:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2859:
2858:
2841:(6): 1051–1054.
2830:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2803:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2654:
2644:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2603:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2504:(6): 1975–1980.
2489:
2480:
2479:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2422:10.5489/cuaj.924
2401:
2395:
2394:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2340:
2330:
2306:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2265:10.3310/TBFZ0277
2243:
2237:
2236:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2172:European Urology
2163:
2150:
2149:
2139:
2124:Urologia Journal
2115:
2109:
2108:
2098:
2083:Urologia Journal
2073:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2039:(6): 1285–1290.
2033:European Urology
2024:
2011:
2010:
2000:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1938:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1856:. Archived from
1845:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1814:
1804:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1753:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1653:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1612:
1597:Urologia Journal
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1563:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1472:
1455:(6): 1285–1290.
1449:European Urology
1440:
1434:
1433:
1423:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1371:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1318:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1280:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1136:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1014:
990:
977:
976:
953:European Urology
947:
938:
937:
927:
912:Urologia Journal
903:
894:
893:
883:
873:
849:
788:
776:
764:
752:
598:urodynamic tests
511:
510:
493:
492:
482:
481:
464:
463:
300:
299:
204:retropubic space
168:implanted device
149:edit on Wikidata
95:
81:
73:
72:
64:
63:
57:
54:
42:content policies
27:
19:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3260:Medical devices
3240:
3239:
3238:
3229:
3203:Kidney dialysis
3186:
3150:Abdominal x-ray
3092:
3044:
3016:
2978:
2911:
2905:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2831:
2827:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2730:
2729:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2672:
2668:
2621:
2617:
2572:
2568:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2490:
2483:
2451:
2447:
2402:
2398:
2358:
2354:
2307:
2298:
2244:
2240:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2164:
2153:
2116:
2112:
2074:
2070:
2025:
2014:
1969:
1962:
1915:
1911:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1843:
1835:
1828:
1781:
1777:
1730:
1726:
1681:
1677:
1630:
1626:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1540:
1536:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1441:
1437:
1392:
1385:
1339:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1228:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1175:
1168:
1137:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1042:
1038:
991:
980:
948:
941:
904:
897:
850:
841:
836:
799:
792:
789:
780:
777:
768:
765:
756:
753:
744:
723:
714:
712:After discharge
709:
697:urinary fistula
655:catheterization
644:
635:
614:
589:
584:
572:urethral injury
521:
520:
519:
518:
514:
513:
512:
499:
495:
494:
490:
485:
484:
483:
470:
466:
465:
461:
454:
291:saline solution
280:saline solution
225:
212:saline solution
188:
152:
99:
96:
85:
82:
58:
52:
49:
44:, particularly
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3288:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
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3017:
3015:
3014:
3009:
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2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2909:urinary system
2904:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2866:External links
2864:
2861:
2860:
2825:
2774:
2748:
2720:
2686:(6): 520–527.
2666:
2615:
2586:(2): 418–424.
2566:
2547:(3): 602–607.
2530:
2481:
2462:(3): 838–843.
2445:
2396:
2369:(6): 328–332.
2352:
2296:
2238:
2219:. 2023-05-09.
2204:
2178:(4): 681–689.
2151:
2130:(4): 263–266.
2110:
2089:(3): 148–152.
2068:
2012:
1960:
1929:(4): 152–154.
1909:
1874:
1852:
1826:
1775:
1724:
1695:(2): 128–138.
1675:
1624:
1603:(3): 148–152.
1582:
1534:
1491:
1435:
1406:(3): 320–325.
1383:
1354:(3): 263–269.
1330:
1299:
1265:
1219:
1166:
1147:(2): 157–166.
1128:
1082:
1056:(4): 250–259.
1036:
1005:(9): 175–183.
978:
959:(6): 985–996.
939:
895:
838:
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835:
832:
831:
830:
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820:
815:
810:
805:
798:
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236:Frederic Foley
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31:
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16:Medical device
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3271:
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3110:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Urethroplasty
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
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2848:
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2829:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2762:
2761:www.mskcc.org
2758:
2752:
2737:
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2727:
2725:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
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2259:(36): 1–152.
2258:
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2250:
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2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2217:NIHR Evidence
2214:
2208:
2193:
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2173:
2169:
2162:
2160:
2158:
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2021:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1863:on 2020-02-08
1859:
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1571:
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1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
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1518:
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1471:
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1397:
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1379:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1361:
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1345:
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32:This article
30:
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3077:
3012:Ureteroscopy
3007:Ureterolysis
2992:Ureterostomy
2959:Renal biopsy
2930:percutaneous
2838:
2834:
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2794:(1): 26–29.
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38:terms of use
33:
3275:Prosthetics
3208:Lithotripsy
3160:Cystography
3123:Intravenous
3063:Urethrotomy
3058:Urethropexy
2964:Nephrectomy
2952:Nephroscopy
2925:Nephrostomy
1644:: 217–232.
633:Reoperation
452:Medical use
429:Switzerland
267:Switzerland
248:Marlborough
186:Description
108:Other names
3244:Categories
3225:Urinalysis
3180:Cystometry
3145:CT urogram
3128:Retrograde
3040:Cystoscopy
3030:Cystectomy
2974:Nephropexy
2942:Nephrotomy
2713:20 January
2523:2 February
2197:25 January
1867:24 January
1689:Int J Urol
1575:27 January
1484:27 January
1323:19 January
1292:24 January
1212:24 January
1121:5 February
1075:5 February
834:References
735:cystoscopy
600:, such as
561:cystectomy
127:ICD-10-PCS
3133:Antegrade
3118:Pyelogram
2947:Endoscopy
2736:Drugs.com
2708:207858515
2391:207462001
2273:1366-5278
2233:258606057
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1252:0022-5347
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602:flow rate
117:Specialty
2855:11377302
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1619:28574143
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1161:27872025
1070:20266239
1031:27445509
973:21458914
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689:hematoma
582:Outcomes
420:ZSI 375
329:AMS 800
306:Company
303:Product
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3097:General
3050:Urethra
3022:Bladder
2835:Urology
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727:urethra
315:Design
284:scrotum
223:History
216:urethra
200:scrotum
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