366:(The Natural Plant Families), which had been the dominant system since the late 19th century. Although Cronquist was originally involved mostly with the family Asteraceae rather than with general systems, he began publishing on the topic in 1957 after much discussion with his peers concerning the challenge of forming a new taxonomic system. His initial publication (Cronquist, 1957) dealt purely with
391:
in order to have access to the scientific literature that the Soviet Union had accumulated, which was largely unknown to the rest of the world. He made several trips to the U.S.S.R. to meet with
Takhtajan and other Soviet botanists and translated many botanical works from Russian throughout his life.
432:
Professor
Cronquist was also a passionate and dedicated teacher who mentored countless students. He was a role model for what it meant to be a plant biologist and taxonomist. Among those who knew him, his baritone voice among the herbarium stacks will continue to chill the soul and warm the heart.
386:
Each of them would go on to produce their own taxonomic schemes, though
Cronquist's would prove to be the most widely adopted. While working on the project in the 1960s, Cronquist came to be close friends with Armen Takhtajan and both men put all of their information at one another's disposal. To
1769:
403:. The work divided flowering plants into 2 classes with a number of subclasses and down to the family level, with each taxon being described and defined. The system would go on to be adopted by several major projects in floristics, including the
193:
as well as being the primary co-author to the Flora of the
Pacific Northwest, still the most up to date flora for three northwest U.S. States to date. Two plant genera in the aster family have been named in his honor. These are
854:
399:
in 1968 with a revised and expanded second edition being released in 1988. This work also was a survey of the practices of systematic botany. In 1981 he published his landmark work,
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847:
42:
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1457:
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1630:
1624:
370:. At the time he began his work on his general scheme of classification, several others were working with the same goal in mind, including the American
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276:. In the same year he married Mabel Allred, who he remained with until his death. They had two children and a fondness for cats.
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1774:
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605:
321:
with the U.S. Foreign Aid
Program from 1951 to 1952. He died of heart failure on March 22, 1992, while studying specimens of
17:
317:. Before returning to the New York Botanical Garden where he would spend the rest of his career, he worked as a botanist in
268:
at the time. After receiving his bachelor's degree in 1938 in
Biology, he went on to earn a master's degree in biology at
1799:
1724:
252:, through which he gained an appreciation for the outdoors. He did his undergraduate work at the Southern Branch of the
244:. His parents divorced when he was young and he and his older sister were brought up by his mother, who worked for the
657:
629:
279:
Due to a childhood accident, Cronquist's right arm was partially disabled, making him unfit for military service in
189:. He is considered one of the most influential botanists of the 20th century, largely due to his formulation of the
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811:
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1314:
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864:
757:
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1213:
548:
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1111:
1016:
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908:
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328:
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832:
355:
284:
109:
228:
Arthur
Cronquist was born on March 19, 1919, in San Jose, California, but he grew up outside of
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1207:
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1165:
1052:
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105:
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1421:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1153:
884:
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450:
Cronquist, Arthur. (1957). Outline of a new system of families and orders of dicotyledons.
371:
55:
1770:
University of
Minnesota College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences alumni
8:
1380:
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1308:
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1081:
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1284:
1260:
1219:
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815:
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217:
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1356:
1272:
986:
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819:
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601:
798:"The Four Awards Bestowed by The Academy of Natural Sciences and Their Recipients".
490:
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Cronquist's first overview of classification was published in 1960, followed by his
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297:. In 1943, while still working on his doctorate, he was offered a position at the
291:, earning his PhD in botany in 1944. His dissertation was a revision of the genus
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273:
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While
Cronquist was in his mid-thirties, he began to question the usefulness of
1606:
1397:
1344:
1320:
1302:
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968:
778:
Barkley, Theodore M. (1992), "In
Memoriam: Arthur Cronquist: An Appreciation",
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914:
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306:
129:
1266:
441:
Arthur Cronquist is probably best remembered for his work dealing with his
367:
351:
305:
for "The New Britton & Brown Illustrated Flora" then in preparation by
280:
200:
806:(1). The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: 403–404. June 2007.
1135:
136:
78:
503:"The Status of the General System of Classification of Flowering Plants"
791:
577:
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302:
212:
186:
323:
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383:
318:
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181:(March 19, 1919 – March 22, 1992) was an American biologist,
862:
216:. The former was applied by R.M. King and the latter by him and
233:
182:
156:
800:
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
241:
752:
82:
812:
10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[403:TFABBT]2.0.CO;2
592:
An integrated system of classification of flowering plants
401:
An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants
41:
461:(October 1960). "The divisions and classes of plants".
260:). During his time there he studied field botany under
339:
248:
in Pocatello. The young boy was an avid member of the
734:
722:
645:
The evolution and classification of flowering plants
621:
The evolution and classification of flowering plants
397:
The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants
691:is used to indicate this person as the author when
589:
1716:
445:, which was developed in these and other works:
436:
283:. Instead he began work on his doctorate at the
210:, which is sometimes included as a group within
827:The New York Botanical Garden: Arthur Cronquist
710:
535:
309:. From 1946 to 1948 he held a position at the
848:
855:
841:
1790:20th-century American non-fiction writers
740:
728:
638:
614:
584:
497:
457:
777:
508:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
313:, followed by a three-year position at
14:
1717:
425:and of course Gleason and Cronquist's
836:
780:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
797:
716:
549:"On the Higher Taxa of Embryobionta"
387:this end Cronquist decided to learn
340:Development of the Cronquist system
24:
1780:20th-century American male writers
1740:American people of Swedish descent
648:(2nd ed.). Bronx, N.Y., USA:
25:
1811:
1795:American male non-fiction writers
624:(1st ed.). London: Nelson.
364:Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
40:
1785:20th-century American botanists
770:
754:International Plant Names Index
429:, which was published in 1991.
746:
13:
1:
1765:Idaho State University alumni
703:
437:List of selected publications
427:Manual of the Vascular Plants
27:American botanist (1919-1992)
1775:Utah State University alumni
1760:Botanical Society of America
1315:Constantine John Alexopoulos
1094:Arthur Henry Reginald Buller
865:Botanical Society of America
7:
452:Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat Brux.
315:Washington State University
10:
1816:
1800:Biologists from California
1725:American botanical writers
1112:Charles Joseph Chamberlain
1017:Frederick Charles Newcombe
945:William Ashbrook Kellerman
362:, laid down in their work
343:
1545:
1390:
1279:George Sherman Avery, Jr.
1229:
1068:
993:Douglas Houghton Campbell
909:Benjamin Lincoln Robinson
871:
650:New York Botanical Garden
598:Columbia University Press
299:New York Botanical Garden
172:
167:New York Botanical Garden
162:
152:
145:
125:
115:
97:
89:
63:
48:
39:
32:
1237:Albert Francis Blakeslee
329:Brigham Young University
264:, who was compiling the
198:, a possible synonym of
1500:Gregory Joseph Anderson
1494:William Louis Culberson
1291:William Campbell Steere
957:George Francis Atkinson
927:Beverly Thomas Galloway
903:Lucien Marcus Underwood
334:
285:University of Minnesota
223:
110:University of Minnesota
1595:Christopher H. Haufler
1452:Mildred Esther Mathias
1440:Ernest M. Gifford, Jr.
1434:Patricia Kern Holmgren
1404:Barbara Frances Palser
1178:Merritt Lyndon Fernald
1172:John Theodore Buchholz
1100:Margaret Clay Ferguson
1088:Harley Harris Bartlett
1059:William Chambers Coker
1035:Nathaniel Lord Britton
963:William Francis Ganong
897:Nathaniel Lord Britton
412:Flora of North America
272:in 1940 working under
258:Idaho State University
246:Union Pacific Railroad
102:Idaho State University
1482:David Leonard Dilcher
1470:Shirley Cotter Tucker
1428:Charles Bixler Heiser
1416:William August Jensen
1208:Ralph Erskine Cleland
1184:William Jacob Robbins
1166:Edgar Nelson Transeau
1053:Benjamin Minge Duggar
1047:Henry Chandler Cowles
1029:Joseph Charles Arthur
981:William Gilson Farlow
951:Franklin Sumner Earle
921:Joseph Charles Arthur
311:University of Georgia
270:Utah State University
250:Boy Scouts of America
179:Arthur John Cronquist
106:Utah State University
34:Arthur John Cronquist
18:Arthur John Cronquist
1735:American taxonomists
1697:Brenda Molano-Flores
1422:Herbert George Baker
1202:Neil Everett Stevens
1196:Irving Widmer Bailey
1190:Gilbert Morgan Smith
1154:Arthur Johnson Eames
885:Charles Edwin Bessey
463:The Botanical Review
327:at the herbarium at
185:and a specialist on
1730:American biologists
1691:Vivian Negron-Ortiz
1589:Edward L. Schneider
1458:William Louis Stern
1381:Theodore Delevoryas
1351:Harlan Parker Banks
1333:Harold Charles Bold
1309:G. Ledyard Stebbins
1214:Henry Allan Gleason
1148:Edmund Ware Sinnott
1118:George James Peirce
1082:Liberty Hyde Bailey
1041:Charles Elmer Allen
1011:Robert Almer Harper
939:Robert Almer Harper
933:Charles Reid Barnes
682:author abbreviation
475:1960BotRv..26..425C
254:University of Idaho
1755:Linnean Medallists
1559:Patricia G. Gensel
1464:Ray Franklin Evert
1446:Barbara D. Webster
1297:Kenneth V. Thimann
1285:Frits Warmolt Went
1261:Adriance S. Foster
1220:Ivey Foreman Lewis
1160:Karl McKay Wiegand
1005:John Merle Coulter
891:John Merle Coulter
863:Presidents of the
545:Zimmermann, Walter
501:(September 1965).
483:10.1007/BF02940572
422:Flora of Australia
218:Harold E. Robinson
1712:
1711:
1631:Elizabeth Kellogg
1625:Stephen G. Weller
1553:Douglas E. Soltis
1518:Barbara A. Schaal
1476:W. Hardy Eshbaugh
1357:Lincoln Constance
1273:Harriet Creighton
987:Lewis Ralph Jones
975:Erwin Frink Smith
640:Cronquist, Arthur
616:Cronquist, Arthur
607:978-0-231-03880-5
586:Cronquist, Arthur
537:Cronquist, Arthur
499:Cronquist, Arthur
459:Cronquist, Arthur
176:
175:
147:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
1807:
1685:Michael Donoghue
1679:Cynthia S. Jones
1649:Richard Olmstead
1601:Pamela S. Soltis
1571:Scott D. Russell
1488:Beryl B. Simpson
1410:Warren H. Wagner
1375:Arthur Cronquist
1363:Richard C. Starr
1327:Aaron John Sharp
1255:Ralph H. Wetmore
1124:Ezra Jacob Kraus
1076:Jacob R. Schramm
1023:William Trelease
879:William Trelease
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671:Internet Archive
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541:Takhtajan, Armen
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443:Cronquist system
372:Robert F. Thorne
360:taxonomic system
346:Cronquist system
236:, as well as in
207:Cronquistianthus
191:Cronquist system
141:
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120:Cronquist system
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30:
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1661:Loren Rieseberg
1583:Allison A. Snow
1577:Linda E. Graham
1541:
1536:Carol C. Baskin
1524:Daniel Crawford
1512:Harry T. Horner
1386:
1369:Charles Heimsch
1225:
1142:C. Stuart Gager
1106:Lester W. Sharp
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999:A. S. Hitchcock
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521:10.2307/2394794
439:
380:Armen Takhtajan
348:
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274:Bassett Maguire
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98:Alma mater
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1613:Kent Holsinger
1610:
1607:Karl J. Niklas
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1565:Judy Jernstedt
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1407:
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1398:Peter H. Raven
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1345:Arthur Galston
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1321:Paul J. Kramer
1318:
1312:
1306:
1303:Vernon Cheadle
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1249:Edgar Anderson
1246:
1243:Katherine Esau
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969:Roland Thaxter
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829:
824:
795:
786:(4): 458–463,
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769:
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745:
741:Cronquist 1988
733:
729:Cronquist 1960
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697:botanical name
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612:
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582:
564:(4): 129–134.
547:(April 1966).
533:
515:(3): 281–303.
495:
469:(4): 425–482.
455:
447:
438:
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417:Flora of China
344:Main article:
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289:C.O. Rosendahl
266:Flora of Idaho
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116:Known for
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75:(aged 73)
67:March 22, 1992
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1637:Pamela Diggle
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1530:Nancy Dengler
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1506:Grady Webster
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1339:Ralph Emerson
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1130:E. D. Merrill
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761:
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749:
742:
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730:
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718:
713:
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683:
680:The standard
672:
668:
661:
659:9780893273323
655:
651:
647:
646:
641:
637:
633:
631:9780395053461
627:
623:
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587:
583:
579:
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385:
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377:
376:Rolf Dahlgren
373:
369:
365:
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332:
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307:Henry Gleason
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286:
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138:
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130:Linnean Medal
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
66:
62:
57:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
1673:Linda Watson
1667:Andrea Wolfe
1546:2000–present
1374:
1267:Oswald Tippo
803:
799:
783:
779:
771:Bibliography
758:
748:
736:
724:
712:
644:
639:
620:
615:
596:. New York:
591:
585:
561:
555:
536:
512:
506:
498:
466:
462:
458:
451:
440:
431:
426:
420:
416:
410:
404:
400:
396:
394:
368:dicotyledons
363:
352:Adolf Engler
349:
322:
292:
281:World War II
278:
265:
262:Ray J. Davis
227:
211:
205:
201:Carphochaete
199:
195:
178:
177:
163:Institutions
146:
58:, California
1750:1992 deaths
1745:1919 births
1705:(2024–2025)
1703:Jenny Xiang
1619:Judith Skog
1555:(1999–2000)
1136:Aven Nelson
665:(Available
374:, the Dane
356:Karl Prantl
301:to work on
196:Cronquistia
137:Leidy Award
90:Nationality
1719:Categories
1655:Gordon Uno
1643:Tom Ranker
704:References
454:27: 13–40.
303:Asteraceae
213:Eupatorium
187:Compositae
71:1992-03-23
1699:(2023–24)
1693:(2022–23)
1687:(2021–22)
1681:(2020–21)
1675:(2019–20)
1669:(2018–19)
1663:(2017–18)
1657:(2016–17)
1651:(2015–16)
1645:(2014–15)
1639:(2013–14)
1633:(2012–13)
1627:(2011–12)
1621:(2010–11)
1615:(2009–10)
1538:(1998–99)
1532:(1997–98)
1526:(1996–97)
1520:(1995–96)
1514:(1994–95)
1508:(1993–94)
1502:(1992–93)
1496:(1991–92)
1490:(1990–91)
1484:(1989–90)
1478:(1988–89)
1472:(1987–88)
1466:(1986–87)
1460:(1985–86)
1391:1975–1999
1230:1950–1974
1069:1925–1949
872:1894–1924
820:198160356
717:PANS 2007
687:Cronquist
642:(1988) .
324:Mentzelia
238:Pocatello
1609:(2008–9)
1603:(2007–8)
1597:(2006–7)
1591:(2005–6)
1585:(2004–5)
1579:(2003–4)
1573:(2002–3)
1567:(2001–2)
1561:(2000–1)
618:(1968).
588:(1981).
491:43144314
409:(1993),
384:U.S.S.R.
319:Brussels
294:Erigeron
230:Portland
183:botanist
93:American
56:San Jose
1418:( 1978)
792:2996734
578:1217531
529:2394794
471:Bibcode
389:Russian
382:of the
69: (
1454:(1984)
1448:(1983)
1442:(1982)
1436:(1981)
1430:(1980)
1424:(1979)
1412:(1977)
1406:(1976)
1400:(1975)
1383:(1974)
1377:(1973)
1371:(1972)
1365:(1971)
1359:(1970)
1353:(1969)
1347:(1968)
1341:(1967)
1335:(1966)
1329:(1965)
1323:(1964)
1317:(1963)
1311:(1962)
1305:(1961)
1299:(1960)
1293:(1959)
1287:(1958)
1281:(1957)
1275:(1956)
1269:(1955)
1263:(1954)
1257:(1953)
1251:(1952)
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1210:(1947)
1204:(1946)
1198:(1945)
1192:(1944)
1186:(1943)
1180:(1942)
1174:(1941)
1168:(1940)
1162:(1939)
1156:(1938)
1150:(1937)
1144:(1936)
1138:(1935)
1132:(1934)
1126:(1933)
1120:(1932)
1114:(1931)
1108:(1930)
1102:(1929)
1096:(1928)
1090:(1927)
1084:(1926)
1078:(1925)
1061:(1924)
1055:(1923)
1049:(1922)
1043:(1921)
1037:(1920)
1031:(1919)
1025:(1918)
1019:(1917)
1013:(1916)
1007:(1915)
1001:(1914)
995:(1913)
989:(1912)
983:(1911)
977:(1910)
971:(1909)
965:(1908)
959:(1907)
953:(1906)
947:(1905)
941:(1904)
935:(1903)
929:(1902)
923:(1901)
917:(1900)
911:(1899)
905:(1898)
899:(1897)
893:(1896)
887:(1895)
881:(1894)
818:
790:
693:citing
656:
628:
604:
576:
527:
489:
378:, and
354:&
287:under
234:Oregon
204:, and
157:Botany
153:Fields
140:(1970)
133:(1986)
126:Awards
816:S2CID
788:JSTOR
574:JSTOR
557:Taxon
552:(PDF)
525:JSTOR
487:S2CID
256:(now
242:Idaho
79:Provo
667:here
654:ISBN
626:ISBN
602:ISBN
335:Work
224:Life
83:Utah
64:Died
49:Born
808:doi
804:156
784:119
669:at
566:doi
517:doi
479:doi
358:'s
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719:.
699:.
673:)
662:.
634:.
610:.
580:.
568::
531:.
519::
493:.
481::
473::
73:)
20:)
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