3554:
neither an end state nor an endless goal of aimlessly amassing money, claims Karl Potter, rather it is an attitude and necessary requirement of human life. John Koller takes a different viewpoint than Karl Potter's interpretation. John Koller suggests artha is not an attitude, rather it is one of the necessities of human life. A central premise of Hindu philosophy, claims Koller, is that every person should live a joyous and pleasurable life, that such fulfilling life requires every person's needs and desires be acknowledged and fulfilled, that needs can only be satisfied through activity and when sufficient means for those activities are available. Artha, then, is best described as pursuit of activities and means necessary for a joyous and pleasurable life.
3650:(meaning, purpose) of the sacrifice. Mimamsa school then argued that man is for the purpose of actions demanded by Vedic injunctions (apauruseya), and such subordination of man to rituals allows man to reach heaven. Other schools of Hinduism, such as Yoga and Vedanta schools, disagreed with Mimamsa school. They argued that rituals and sacrifice are means, not ends. Their emphasis shifted from rituals to effort and knowledge, from heaven to moksha, from freedom afterlife to freedom in this life, from human being as a cog in cosmic wheel to human being as an end in himself. For example,
3692:(Kamasutra being one part of the compendium). Different schools of Hinduism offer different perspectives on artha, just like dharma, karma and moksha. Most historical literature of ancient India from about 5th century BCE and after, interlaces all four aims of humans. Many Upanishads as well as the two Indian Epics – the Ramayana and the Mahabharata – discuss and use the words dharma, artha, kama and moksha as part of their respective themes. Even subhasitas, gnomic and didactic Indian literature from 1st and 2nd millennium CE, incorporate artha and other three aims of human life.
3730:, however, argues that artha is the foundation for the other two. Without prosperity and security in society or at an individual level, both moral life and sensuality become difficult. Poverty breeds vice and hate, while prosperity breeds virtues and love, suggested Kautiliya. Kautilya adds that all three are mutually connected, and one should not cease enjoying life, nor virtuous behavior, nor pursuit of wealth creation. Excessive pursuit of any one aspect of life with complete rejection of other two, harms all three including the one excessively pursued.
4515:
3360:
42:
3642:. They recognized and explained all human actions have two effects: first, every act affects itself regardless of actors involved; second, every act has human meanings, hopes and desires and affects each actor in a personal way. Jaimini explained in 3rd century BCE, that this human meaning cannot be separated from the human goal. The
3601:
in ancient Hindu literature, as well as purushartha, is better understood as a goal of Man (not a man). In other words, it is one of the four purposes of human life. The survival and the thriving of humans requires artha – that is, economic activity, wealth and its creation, worldly success, profit,
3553:
explains it as an attitude and capability that enables one to make a living, to remain alive, to thrive as a free person. It includes economic prosperity, security and health of oneself and those one feels responsible for. Artha includes everything in one's environment that allows one to live. It is
3782:
Gavin Flood suggests the concepts embedded in purushartha, which includes artha, reflect a deep understanding and insights into human nature, and of conflicts which are inevitably faced by all human beings. It is an attempt to acknowledge and encourage one to understand diversity yet seek coherence
3762:
Morality is well practiced by the good. Morality, however, is always afflicted by two things, the desire of Profit entertained by those that covet it, and the desire for
Pleasure cherished by those that are wedded to it. Whoever without afflicting Morality and Profit, or Morality and Pleasure, or
3757:
asserts dharma should always lead one, including in matters of artha and kama, but then admits balancing dharma, artha and kama is often confusing and difficult. In another book, the
Mahabharata suggests that morality, profit and pleasure – dharma, artha and kama – all three must go together for
3733:
Some ancient Indian literature observe that the relative precedence of artha, kama and dharma are naturally different for different people and different age groups. In a baby or child, education and kama takes precedence; in youth kama and artha take precedence; while in old age dharma takes
3568:
and Puruṣārtha means. Inconsistencies and conflicting verses are even present within the same script, such as the
Manusmriti. Some ancient Indian texts suggest artha are instruments that enable satisfaction of desires; some include wealth, some include power, and some such as the
4369:
W. Halbfass (1994), Menschsein und
Lebensziele: Beobachtungen zu den puruṣārthas, In Hermeneutics of Encounter: Essays in Honour of Gerhard Oberhammer on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday (Editors: D'Sa and Mesquita), Vienna, pp.
3610:
The word Artha appears in the oldest known scriptures of India. However, the term connotes 'purpose', goal or 'aim' of something, often as purpose of ritual sacrifices. Over time, artha evolves into a broader concept in the
3456:: பொருள், poruḷ) is one of the four goals or objectives of human life in Hindu traditions. It includes career, skills, health, wealth, prosperity and the means or resources needed for a fulfilling life. The word
3901:
Scott
Walsworth and Suresh Kalagnanam (2013), Applying the Hindu four stage life cycle model to human resource management, International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, Volume 6, Number 4, pp
3564:, as well as the concept of Puruṣārthas, is a myth. The various schools and ancient Sanskrit texts provide no consensus opinion, notes Krishna, rather they present a debate, a diversity of views on what
3479:
includes wealth, career, activity to make a living, financial security and economic prosperity. The proper pursuit of artha is considered an important aim of human life in
Hinduism. At government level,
3726:, recognizes relative value of three goals as follows: artha is more important and should precede kama, while dharma is more important and should precede both kama and artha. Kautiliya's
3534:(2.224). The Arthashastra (1.7.6) emphasizes Artha's importance, with Kautilya stating that material gain is the most crucial of the three ends of life, as it supports the realization of
3798:
are broadly applicable human aims, that extend beyond Hindu studies. They are Indian perspective on the nature of human life, a perspective shared in Jain and
Buddhist literature.
3591:
as the acquisition of arts, land, cattle, wealth, equipages and friends. He explains, artha is also protection of what is already acquired, and the increase of what is protected.
3597:
explains artha as "worldly success" without violating dharma (moral responsibility), kama (love) and one's journey towards moksha (spiritual liberation). Flood clarifies that
3573:
include instruments to love God. Some of this, suggests
Krishna, reflects differences in human needs. Perhaps, conjectures Krishna, artha is just a subset of
3472:. As a concept, it has multiple meanings, all of which imply "means of life", activities and resources that enable one to be in a state one wants to be in.
3737:
The Epics such as the
Mahabharata debate the relative precedence of dharma, artha, kama and moksha, through the different characters in Book 12, the
3460:
literally translates as "meaning, sense, goal, purpose or essence" depending on the context. Artha is also a broader concept in the scriptures of
3914:
4379:
Donald Davis Jr. (2004), Being Hindu or Being Human: A Reappraisal of the Puruṣārthas, International
Journal of Hindu Studies, 8.1–3, pp 1–27
4418:
5398:
4551:
3530:
Artha, as a goal of life, involves the pursuit of wealth and power. Some traditions see it as the primary human objective, as noted in
4180:
Ashok S. Chousalkar (2004), Methodology of Kautilya's Arthashastra, The Indian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 55–76
90:
5493:
2267:
853:
3634:
school of Hinduism explained artha, dharma and kama by contrasting Puruṣārtha and Kratvartha. Puruṣārtha is human purpose of a
4284:
Gautama Dharmashastra at 1.9.46–47, Patrick Olivelle, Dharmasutras - The Law Codes of Ancient India, Oxford University Press,
5779:
5758:
4357:
4255:
4203:
4174:
4151:
4089:
4058:
4034:
3993:
3964:
3947:
4302:
Apastamba Dharmasutra 2.20.18–23; Patrick Olivelle, Dharmasutras - The Law Codes of Ancient India, Oxford University Press,
2146:
4352:
Gavin Flood (1996), The meaning and context of the Purusarthas, in Julius Lipner (Editor) - The Fruits of Our Desiring,
4250:
Gavin Flood (1996), The meaning and context of the Purusarthas, in Julius Lipner (Editor) - The Fruits of Our Desiring,
4198:
Gavin Flood (1996), The meaning and context of the Purusarthas, in Julius Lipner (Editor) - The Fruits of Our Desiring,
4146:
Gavin Flood (1996), The meaning and context of the Purusarthas, in Julius Lipner (Editor) - The Fruits of Our Desiring,
3763:
Pleasure and Profit, followeth all three - Morality, Profit and Pleasure - always succeeds in obtaining great happiness.
3390:
3023:
4307:
4289:
4278:
4233:
4113:
4011:
3925:
3870:
3783:
between people, rather than deny one or more aspects of human life or force a particular precept and code on people.
3515:
Artha as a concept includes multiple meanings. It is difficult to capture the meaning of artha, or related terms of
4411:
4959:
4296:
4228:
Ludwik Sternbach (1974), Subhasitas, Gnomic and Didactic Literature, in A History of Indian Literature Volume IV,
4544:
3704:
is foremost. If dharma is ignored, artha and kama – profit and pleasure respectively – lead to social chaos. The
2176:
1007:
4599:
4891:
3503:(liberation, release, self-actualization). Together, these four mutually non-exclusive aims of life are called
127:
5789:
5593:
4465:
4321:
P.V. Kane (1941), History of Dharmashastra, Volume 2, Part 1, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, pp. 8–9
3619:
concept (three categories of human life - dharma, artha and kama), which over time expanded into the concept
1600:
5693:
5292:
2156:
2096:
76:
699:
4404:
4391:
3889:
John Koller, Puruṣārtha as Human Aims, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 18, No. 4 (Oct., 1968), pp. 315–319
3326:
3217:
1827:
5784:
5172:
4131:
5262:
5157:
4537:
3713:
3345:
3016:
2920:
1867:
1536:
1221:
533:
5117:
4340:
3753:
claims pleasure and sex (kama) come first, because without these there is no dharma, artha or moksha.
1862:
5438:
5024:
4594:
3322:
2968:
2086:
1822:
110:
95:
763:
5078:
5061:
4658:
3705:
2878:
2871:
2850:
2559:
2449:
2421:
2151:
1041:
828:
5122:
803:
719:
5338:
5318:
5008:
4700:
4169:
Kautilya Arthashastra at 1.7.3–7; For English translation - Rangarajan (1987), Penguin Classics,
3093:
2306:
2211:
2136:
1317:
1239:
132:
100:
1279:
5618:
5583:
5019:
4744:
3865:
James Lochtefeld (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Rosen Publishing, New York,
3842:
3749:
claims without profit and prosperity (artha), people's ability for dharma and kama fall apart.
3550:
3383:
3292:
3222:
3058:
2687:
2456:
2116:
1017:
694:
5035:
3716:, as examples, all suggest that dharma comes first and is more important than artha and kama.
4796:
3332:
3310:
3200:
3065:
2638:
2246:
2126:
1529:
1515:
683:
3491:
In Hindu traditions, Artha is connected to the three other aspects and goals of human life:
678:
5182:
3318:
3314:
3306:
3195:
2857:
2435:
2405:
2236:
2141:
2037:
1767:
1661:
4838:
8:
5528:
5468:
5242:
4816:
4740:
4574:
4495:
3988:
A. Sharma (1982), The Puruṣārthas: a study in Hindu axiology, Michigan State University,
3350:
3243:
3079:
2610:
2472:
2216:
2106:
2091:
1997:
1937:
1902:
1802:
1382:
1294:
913:
572:
183:
85:
56:
5403:
5137:
4663:
1483:
673:
5042:
4853:
4683:
4443:
3272:
3258:
2977:
2502:
2398:
2226:
2206:
2201:
2196:
1797:
1563:
1434:
1046:
932:
5383:
5053:
4886:
3996:, pp 9–12; See review by Frank Whaling in Numen, Vol. 31, 1 (Jul., 1984), pp. 140–142;
5433:
5413:
5368:
5237:
5014:
4990:
4983:
4560:
4514:
4470:
4353:
4303:
4285:
4274:
4251:
4229:
4199:
4170:
4147:
4109:
4085:
4084:
Karl H. Potter (2002), Presuppositions of India's Philosophies, Motilal Banarsidass,
4064:
4054:
4030:
4007:
3989:
3960:
3943:
3921:
3866:
3651:
3441:
3376:
3282:
3251:
3207:
2864:
2815:
2750:
2509:
2495:
2241:
2166:
1987:
1947:
1942:
1932:
1772:
1468:
1402:
997:
734:
25:
5698:
4733:
3504:
1847:
1254:
541:
5638:
5272:
5207:
4995:
4929:
4858:
4639:
4631:
4270:
3411:
3158:
3120:
3100:
3051:
3000:
2899:
2694:
2680:
2631:
2574:
2121:
1777:
1696:
1447:
1367:
992:
418:
272:
169:
5217:
3475:
Artha applies to both an individual and a government. In an individual's context,
2536:
5588:
5458:
5333:
5232:
4908:
4826:
4801:
4723:
4518:
3570:
3364:
3287:
3235:
3044:
2948:
2892:
2829:
2645:
2546:
2442:
2191:
2171:
2042:
1917:
1897:
1817:
1508:
1494:
1392:
1372:
1335:
927:
922:
649:
528:
492:
437:
432:
259:
5678:
4749:
4006:
Chris Bartley (2001), Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy, Editor: Oliver Learman,
1056:
808:
509:
5663:
5613:
5603:
5252:
5147:
5029:
4972:
4942:
4811:
4584:
3453:
3277:
3086:
2934:
2585:
2479:
2428:
2231:
2057:
1977:
1927:
1912:
1877:
1832:
1729:
1501:
1362:
1244:
1193:
1178:
1158:
1122:
1051:
833:
788:
739:
497:
122:
5648:
4833:
4764:
4003:, The Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 27, No. 2 (Summer, 1999), pp. 223–256;
879:
659:
590:
105:
5773:
5112:
5085:
4948:
4935:
4922:
4876:
4821:
4500:
4048:
4026:
3976:"Artha" in Encyclopædia Britannica, Chicago, 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 601.
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1962:
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1686:
1608:
1522:
1355:
1304:
1203:
1138:
977:
744:
198:
4690:
4068:
1922:
1681:
889:
884:
5658:
5558:
5543:
5277:
5107:
4915:
4848:
4728:
4708:
4589:
3827:
3754:
3738:
3727:
3685:
3557:
3485:
2913:
2822:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2701:
2359:
2181:
2017:
2012:
1972:
1882:
1872:
1842:
1812:
1742:
1646:
1568:
1299:
1264:
1188:
1163:
1092:
942:
793:
585:
580:
479:
466:
461:
4678:
4273:, Dharmasutras - The Law Codes of Ancient India, Oxford University Press,
1117:
5738:
5628:
5608:
5378:
5202:
5162:
5152:
4954:
4769:
4653:
4448:
3822:
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3689:
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2984:
2708:
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2002:
1992:
1857:
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1580:
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874:
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405:
174:
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1397:
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1112:
1102:
1097:
869:
644:
621:
616:
345:
145:
4978:
5713:
5548:
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5348:
5267:
5227:
5212:
5167:
4965:
4759:
4438:
3723:
3709:
3695:
3612:
3140:
3072:
3009:
2927:
2759:
2330:
2290:
2221:
2067:
2032:
1982:
1952:
1887:
1807:
1706:
1676:
1656:
1340:
1284:
1249:
1234:
1153:
1148:
1130:
456:
370:
301:
240:
4713:
4529:
937:
5708:
5598:
5538:
5488:
5483:
5328:
5323:
5282:
5247:
5197:
5132:
5127:
4881:
4718:
4427:
4025:
Gavin Flood (1996), The meaning and context of the Purusarthas, in
3920:
Karl Potter (1998), Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 4,
3465:
3461:
3212:
2768:
2594:
2551:
2518:
2369:
2364:
2337:
2047:
2027:
1957:
1907:
1782:
1671:
1587:
1558:
1553:
1422:
1412:
1309:
1289:
1213:
1208:
1173:
843:
823:
783:
749:
729:
709:
595:
471:
206:
164:
159:
33:
5718:
4295:
Yajnavalkya Smrti at 1.115, Translation by Rai Vidyarnava (1918),
4047:
Cush, Denise; Robinson, Catherine A.; York, Michael, eds. (2008).
3488:
is considered an important and necessary objective of government.
2275:
5728:
5723:
5703:
5643:
5633:
5623:
5563:
5513:
5503:
5428:
5418:
5408:
5353:
5187:
5067:
4791:
4668:
4643:
4579:
3959:
Constance Jones and James Ryan (2007), Encyclopedia of Hinduism,
3832:
3680:
literature on Artha and other aims of human beings: of dharma in
3677:
3631:
3602:
political success and all that is necessary for human existence.
3469:
3145:
3135:
2885:
2806:
2798:
2615:
2541:
2526:
2323:
2022:
1967:
1701:
1651:
1621:
1616:
1488:
1463:
1350:
982:
861:
838:
813:
724:
714:
523:
487:
375:
360:
355:
291:
286:
250:
245:
232:
5453:
3659:
He knows tomorrow, he knows the world and what is not the world.
3181:
1027:
1022:
848:
5733:
5683:
5673:
5568:
5553:
5473:
5463:
5423:
5363:
5358:
5343:
5308:
5257:
5177:
4843:
4673:
4614:
4480:
4475:
4460:
4455:
3817:
3807:
3746:
3742:
3701:
3500:
3492:
3150:
2964:
2280:
2007:
1892:
1792:
1762:
1757:
1691:
1666:
1455:
1325:
1168:
1143:
1082:
967:
962:
952:
894:
818:
778:
773:
704:
629:
564:
549:
451:
395:
380:
326:
306:
219:
214:
51:
5748:
5743:
5653:
5523:
5478:
5192:
5142:
5091:
5072:
4648:
3837:
3750:
3639:
3635:
3578:
3484:
includes social, legal, economic and worldly affairs. Proper
3167:
3037:
2802:
2314:
1852:
1716:
1626:
1473:
1427:
1407:
1087:
1072:
1012:
1002:
987:
972:
947:
798:
768:
654:
385:
350:
321:
316:
311:
296:
224:
3429:
3417:
5753:
5518:
5498:
4604:
4490:
4396:
3812:
3574:
3496:
3432:
3423:
1636:
1417:
1387:
1330:
1077:
1064:
957:
559:
400:
390:
365:
331:
281:
263:
3942:
Bruce Sullivan (1997), Historical Dictionary of Hinduism,
3661:
By the mortal he desires the immortal, being this endowed.
3549:
as the means of life, and includes material prosperity.
4485:
4219:, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 259–268
4108:(Editor: Roy Perrett), Volume 5, Taylor & Francis,
4001:
The Puruṣārthas: An Axiological Exploration of Hinduism
504:
41:
3420:
3414:
3696:Relative precedence between Artha, Kama and Dharma
3646:(fruit, result) of a sacrifice is implicit in the
3499:(pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment) and
4053:. London ; New York: Routledge. p. 41.
5771:
4046:
3665:Whatever he reaches he desires to go beyond it.
4299:Volume XXI, Verse CXV and commentary at pp 232;
4217:Early Trends in the Indian Understanding of Man
3638:, while Kratvartha is sacrificial purpose of a
4104:Daya Krishna, The myth of the purusarthas, in
3745:says dharma must take the highest precedence.
4545:
4412:
3384:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4014:, Routledge, Article on Purushartha, pp 443
4552:
4538:
4419:
4405:
3700:Ancient Indian literature emphasizes that
3663:Man is the sea, he is above all the world.
3391:
3377:
4142:
4140:
3777:
3510:
4239:
4185:
4100:
4098:
4080:
4078:
3938:
3936:
3861:
3859:
3857:
4134:, University of Toronto Archives, pp. 8
4130:The Hindu Kama Shastra Society (1925),
4029:(Editor) - The Fruits of Our Desiring,
3928:, Motilal Banarsidass, pp 610 (note 17)
3885:
3883:
3881:
3879:
2268:Sources and classification of scripture
5772:
4236:, Otto Harrassowitz, Germany, pp. 1–76
4137:
4126:
4124:
4122:
3897:
3895:
4559:
4533:
4400:
4162:
4160:
4095:
4075:
3933:
3854:
3623:(four categories, including moksha).
3615:era. It is first included as part of
890:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)
885:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)
4310:, Miscellaneous Rules 18–23 at pp 64
3876:
4339:Kisari Mohan Ganguli (Translator),
4119:
3970:
3917:University of Kloen, Germany (2009)
3892:
3676:Thereafter came a flowering of the
3627:is also referred to as Puruṣārtha.
13:
4157:
14:
5801:
4392:Artha in various Hindu scriptures
4385:
4292:, paragraph overlapping pp 92–93;
4037:, paragraph overlapping pp. 12–13
3527:, each in a single English word.
4513:
3495:(virtuous, proper, moral life),
3410:
3358:
40:
4373:
4363:
4346:
4333:
4330:R.C. Zachner (1962), pp 115–117
4324:
4315:
4261:
4222:
4209:
4040:
4892:Progressive utilization theory
4019:
3979:
3953:
3905:
128:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies
1:
3848:
3189:Other society-related topics:
880:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)
5780:Hindu philosophical concepts
4426:
4132:The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana
3300:Hinduism and other religions
2097:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati
7:
3915:Sanskrit English Dictionary
3801:
3786:Donald Davis suggests that
3545:James Lochtefeld describes
3045:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram
3017:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
745:Arishadvargas (six enemies)
689:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)
684:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)
10:
5806:
4297:The Sacred Books of Hindus
3605:
2921:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
1601:Gurus, sants, philosophers
1537:Akshar Purushottam Darshan
725:Uparati (self-settledness)
5301:
5100:
4900:
4869:
4784:
4699:
4630:
4623:
4567:
4509:
4434:
3671:Aitareya Aranyaka, II.1.3
3445:
2087:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati
740:Samadhana (concentration)
604:Three paths to liberation
111:Tribal religions in India
96:Historical Vedic religion
91:Indus Valley Civilisation
16:Indian philosophical term
5079:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
4050:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
916:, sacrifice, and charity
5009:Samkhyapravachana Sutra
4343:The Mahabharata, pp 232
4281:, Note 24.23 at pp 364;
3094:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2307:Timeline of Hindu texts
2212:Siddharameshwar Maharaj
1240:Pumsavana Simantonayana
895:Śabda (word, testimony)
133:Epic-Puranic chronology
101:Dravidian folk religion
4745:Early Buddhist schools
4215:R. V. De Smet (1972),
3843:Chaitanya Charitamrita
3778:Contemporary relevance
3775:
3674:
3587:in Kama Sutra defines
3511:Definition and meaning
3059:Eighteen Greater Texts
2688:Brahma Vaivarta Purana
2117:Krishnananda Saraswati
1356:Vijayadashami-Dussehra
870:Pratyakṣa (perception)
730:Titiksha (forbearance)
3760:
3656:
3175:Varna-related topics:
3066:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2639:Devi Bhagavata Purana
1530:Svabhavika Bhedabheda
1516:Achintya Bheda Abheda
1448:Philosophical schools
750:Ahamkara (attachment)
710:Vairagya (dispassion)
638:Mokṣa-related topics:
5790:Hinduism and society
5183:Brihadratha Ikshvaku
5020:Sarvadarsanasangraha
4797:Acintya bheda abheda
3307:Hinduism and Jainism
2237:Vethathiri Maharishi
2142:Nisargadatta Maharaj
705:Viveka (discernment)
80:(500/200 BCE–300 CE)
5243:Dayananda Saraswati
4817:Nimbarka Sampradaya
4741:Buddhist philosophy
3365:Hinduism portal
3244:Hinduism by country
3080:Iraiyanar Akapporul
3024:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
2107:Dayananda Saraswati
2092:Bhaktivinoda Thakur
1998:Sripada Srivallabha
1938:Raghunatha Siromani
1903:Narasimha Saraswati
1803:Santadas Kathiababa
875:Anumāṇa (inference)
4854:Pashupata Shaivism
4684:Pashupata Shaivism
4444:Hindu architecture
4341:Book 9:Calya Parva
3999:A. Sharma (1999),
3259:Caribbean Shaktism
2978:Kanakadhara Stotra
2227:U. G. Krishnamurti
2207:Satyadhyana Tirtha
1798:Gangesha Upadhyaya
1456:Six Astika schools
700:Ānanda (happiness)
679:Anātman (non-self)
5767:
5766:
5619:Pratītyasamutpāda
4780:
4779:
4561:Indian philosophy
4527:
4526:
4358:978-1-896209-30-2
4256:978-1-896209-30-2
4204:978-1-896209-30-2
4175:978-0-14-044603-6
4152:978-1-896209-30-2
4090:978-81-208-0779-2
4060:978-0-7007-1267-0
4035:978-1-896209-30-2
3994:978-99936-24-31-8
3965:978-0-8160-5458-9
3948:978-0-8108-3327-2
3714:Yājñavalkya Smṛti
3652:Aitareya Aranyaka
3401:
3400:
3252:Balinese Hinduism
2751:Markandeya Purana
1988:Satyanatha Tirtha
1943:Raghuttama Tirtha
1933:Raghavendra Swami
1773:Ramdas Kathiababa
854:Sources of dharma
720:Dama (temperance)
715:Sama (equanimity)
81:
5797:
5273:Satyakama Jabala
5208:Akshapada Gotama
5158:Gārgī Vāchaknavī
5138:Vāchaspati Misra
4996:Nyayakusumanjali
4930:Bhagavata Purana
4887:Radical Humanism
4859:Shaiva Siddhanta
4628:
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4600:Vedic philosophy
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3323:and Christianity
3293:Pilgrimage sites
3223:Reform movements
3101:Vinayagar Agaval
3052:Five Great Epics
3001:Tamil literature
2900:Sushruta Samhita
2695:Bhavishya Purana
2681:Brahmanda Purana
2632:Bhagavata Purana
2560:Other scriptures
2122:Mahavatar Babaji
1697:Satyakama Jabala
1368:Ganesh Chaturthi
1222:Rites of passage
735:Shraddha (faith)
153:Major traditions
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5118:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
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5062:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
5036:Tattvacintāmaṇi
4909:Abhinavabharati
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4827:Vishishtadvaita
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2038:Vācaspati Miśra
1918:Srinivasacharya
1898:Narahari Tirtha
1878:Matsyendranatha
1863:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
1828:Jagannatha Dasa
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1509:Vishishtadvaita
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1373:Vasant Panchami
1336:Maha Shivaratri
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529:God in Hinduism
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457:Subtle elements
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1583:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1363:Raksha Bandhan
1360:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1245:Simantonnayana
1242:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1194:Carnatic music
1191:
1186:
1181:
1179:Bhagavata Mela
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:Kundalini yoga
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
919:
918:
912:
909:
906:
905:
902:
901:
898:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
866:
865:
860:
857:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
760:
759:
756:
753:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
686:
681:
676:
670:
669:
666:
663:
662:
657:
652:
647:
641:
640:
634:
633:
628:
625:
624:
619:
614:
608:
607:
602:
599:
598:
593:
588:
583:
577:
576:
573:Stages of life
571:
568:
567:
562:
557:
552:
546:
545:
540:
537:
536:
534:God and gender
531:
526:
520:
519:
516:
513:
512:
507:
502:
501:
500:
495:
484:
483:
478:
475:
474:
469:
467:Gross elements
464:
459:
454:
448:
447:
444:
441:
440:
435:
429:
428:
425:
422:
417:
416:
413:
412:
409:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
342:
341:
335:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
278:
277:
268:
267:
257:
254:
253:
248:
243:
237:
236:
231:
228:
227:
222:
217:
211:
210:
205:
202:
197:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
181:
178:
177:
172:
167:
162:
156:
155:
152:
149:
144:
143:
140:
139:
136:
135:
130:
125:
123:Itihasa-Purana
114:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
69:
66:
65:
62:
61:
60:
59:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5802:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5594:Parinama-vada
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5300:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5218:Padmasambhāva
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5123:Maṇḍana Miśra
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5113:Abhinavagupta
5111:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5086:Yoga Vasistha
5083:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4979:All 108 texts
4977:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4949:Dharmashastra
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4923:Bhagavad Gita
4920:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4877:Integral yoga
4875:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4822:Shuddhadvaita
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4555:
4550:
4548:
4543:
4541:
4536:
4535:
4532:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4422:
4417:
4415:
4410:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4376:
4366:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4342:
4336:
4327:
4318:
4309:
4308:0-19-283882-2
4305:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4290:0-19-283882-2
4287:
4283:
4280:
4279:0-19-283882-2
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4235:
4234:3-447-01546-2
4231:
4225:
4218:
4212:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4161:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4141:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4115:
4114:0-8153-3612-8
4111:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4043:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4027:Julius Lipner
4022:
4013:
4012:0-415-17281-0
4009:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3973:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3927:
3926:81-208-0310-8
3923:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3872:
3871:0-8239-2287-1
3868:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3853:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3784:
3771:
3764:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3739:Book of Peace
3735:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3691:
3688:, of kama in
3687:
3686:Arthashastras
3683:
3679:
3666:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3443:
3437:
3407:
3406:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3382:
3380:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3266:Hindu culture
3264:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:Organisations
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2942:Yoga Vasistha
2939:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2907:Natya Shastra
2904:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2844:Brahma Sutras
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2790:Sthapatyaveda
2787:
2785:
2784:
2783:Gandharvaveda
2780:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2744:Varaha Purana
2741:
2739:
2738:
2737:Skanda Purana
2734:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2674:Brahma Purana
2671:
2669:
2668:
2667:Garuda Purana
2664:
2662:
2661:
2660:Matsya Purana
2657:
2655:
2654:
2653:Vāmana Purana
2650:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2625:Vishnu Purana
2622:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2569:Bhagavad Gita
2566:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2152:Radhakrishnan
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:Narayana Guru
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:Jaggi Vasudev
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:Chinmayananda
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1963:Ramprasad Sen
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:Gorakshanatha
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:Allama Prabhu
1751:
1749:
1748:Akka Mahadevi
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Abhinavagupta
1736:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1687:Prashastapada
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1547:Other schools
1545:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1523:Shuddhadvaita
1520:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:Kalaripayattu
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:Bharatanatyam
1137:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:Nritta-Nritya
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
915:
911:
910:
904:
903:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:
859:
858:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
755:
754:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
665:
664:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
642:
639:
636:
635:
631:
627:
626:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
605:
601:
600:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
574:
570:
569:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
543:
539:
538:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
515:
514:
511:
508:
506:
503:
499:
496:
494:
491:
490:
489:
486:
485:
481:
477:
476:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
443:
442:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
424:
423:
420:
415:
414:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
340:
337:
336:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
276:
274:
270:
269:
265:
261:
256:
255:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
234:
230:
229:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
208:
204:
203:
200:
195:
194:
186:
185:
180:
179:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
157:
151:
150:
147:
142:
141:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
120:
119:
118:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
78:
75:
74:
72:
64:
63:
58:
55:
53:
50:
49:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
5694:Iccha-mrityu
5659:Satkaryavada
5559:Nididhyasana
5544:Matsya Nyaya
5388:
5278:Madhvacharya
5108:Adi Shankara
5101:Philosophers
5084:
5077:
5060:
5041:
5034:
5025:Shiva Sutras
5015:Sangam texts
5007:
5000:
4991:Nyāya Sūtras
4971:
4964:
4947:
4937:Brahma Sutra
4936:
4928:
4921:
4916:Arthashastra
4914:
4907:
4849:Pratyabhijna
4729:Anekantavada
4609:
4375:
4365:
4348:
4335:
4326:
4317:
4263:
4224:
4211:
4105:
4049:
4042:
4021:
3981:
3972:
3955:
3907:
3828:Arthashastra
3795:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3761:
3755:Yudhishthira
3736:
3734:precedence.
3732:
3728:Arthashastra
3718:
3699:
3690:Kamashastras
3675:
3658:
3647:
3643:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3609:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3565:
3561:
3560:argues that
3558:Daya Krishna
3556:
3546:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3490:
3486:Arthashastra
3481:
3476:
3474:
3457:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3325: /
3321: /
3317: /
3313: /
3311:and Buddhism
3309: /
3273:Architecture
3236:Other topics
3174:
3157:
3129:Four varnas:
3128:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2914:Panchatantra
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2865:Nyāya Sūtras
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2823:Artha Śastra
2821:
2814:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2730:Kūrma Purana
2728:
2723:Linga Purana
2721:
2716:Shiva Purana
2714:
2707:
2702:Padma Purana
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2600:
2593:
2578:s (Hinduism)
2575:
2567:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2488:Atharvaveda:
2487:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2352:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2202:Shraddhanand
2177:Ravi Shankar
2157:R. D. Ranade
2018:Śyāma Śastri
2013:Swaminarayan
1973:Rupa Goswami
1883:Morya Gosavi
1843:Jiva Goswami
1743:Adi Shankara
1569:Pratyabhijña
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1300:Samavartanam
1280:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ
1265:Annaprashana
1189:Dandiya Raas
1164:Mohiniyattam
1057:Nididhyāsana
862:Epistemology
794:Brahmacharya
674:Ātman (self)
637:
581:Brahmacharya
554:
510:Saccidānanda
462:Panchikarana
338:
271:
262: /
258:Other major
182:
116:
115:
70:
18:
5785:Puruṣārthas
5739:Vivartavada
5629:Rājamaṇḍala
5584:Paramananda
5384:Apauruṣheyā
5379:Anupalabdhi
5238:Vivekananda
5203:Dharmakirti
5163:Buddhaghosa
5153:Yājñavalkya
4960:Jain Agamas
4955:Hindu texts
4834:Navya-Nyāya
4770:Svatantrika
4765:Sautrāntika
4654:Vaisheshika
4258:, pp. 16–21
4116:, pp. 11–24
3823:Purushartha
3772:, Book 9.60
3770:Mahabharata
3758:happiness:
3613:Upanishadic
3595:Gavin Flood
3551:Karl Potter
3319:and Judaism
3315:and Sikhism
3283:Iconography
3208:Nationalism
3201:Persecution
2985:Shiva Stuti
2879:Yoga Sutras
2709:Agni Purana
2611:Other texts
2602:Mahabharata
2345:Atharvaveda
2242:Vivekananda
2167:Rama Tirtha
2162:Ramakrishna
2137:Nigamananda
2127:Mahesh Yogi
2003:Sripadaraja
1993:Siddheshwar
1888:Mukundarāja
1868:Madhusūdana
1858:Kanaka Dasa
1778:Chakradhara
1722:Yajnavalkya
1712:Vishvamitra
1581:Pancharatra
1479:Vaisheshika
1435:Ratha Yatra
1383:Janmashtami
1378:Rama Navami
1295:Ritushuddhi
1270:Chudakarana
1260:Nishkramana
1230:Garbhadhana
1199:Pandav Lila
1108:Bhakti yoga
993:Prāyaścitta
764:Niti śastra
612:Bhakti yoga
591:Vānaprastha
406:Vishvakarma
339:Post-Vedic:
175:Vaishnavism
117:Traditional
5774:Categories
5689:Svātantrya
5579:Paramatman
5534:Kshetrajna
5509:Ishvaratva
5449:Cittabhumi
5444:Chidabhasa
5394:Asiddhatva
5314:Abhasavada
5288:Guru Nanak
5223:Vasubandhu
5049:Upanishads
5043:Tirukkuṟaḷ
5002:Panchadasi
4807:Bhedabheda
4755:Madhyamaka
4595:Monotheism
4360:, pp 19–20
4206:, pp 13–16
4154:, pp 11–13
4092:, pp. 1–29
3950:, pp 29–30
3873:, pp 55–56
3849:References
3720:Vatsyayana
3625:Caturvarga
3621:Caturvarga
3585:Vatsyayana
3532:Manusmriti
3505:Puruṣārtha
3159:Varna-less
3031:Tiruppukal
2992:Vayu Stuti
2956:Panchadasi
2949:Swara yoga
2837:Kama Sutra
2776:Dhanurveda
2436:Taittiriya
2414:Yajurveda:
2406:Kaushitaki
2383:Upanishads
2375:Upanishads
2299:Scriptures
2147:Prabhupada
2063:Vidyaranya
1948:Ram Charan
1923:Prabhākara
1838:Jayatīrtha
1788:Dadu Dayal
1783:Chāngadeva
1642:Bharadwaja
1632:Ashtavakra
1398:Kumbh Mela
1346:Durga Puja
1275:Karnavedha
1255:Nāmakaraṇa
1184:Yakshagana
1113:Karma yoga
1103:Jnana yoga
1098:Hatha yoga
1035:Meditation
1008:Tirthadana
789:Aparigraha
645:Paramātman
630:Liberation
622:Karma yoga
617:Jnana yoga
346:Dattatreya
146:Traditions
71:Historical
5549:Mithyatva
5439:Chaitanya
5434:Catuṣkoṭi
5399:Asatkalpa
5374:Anavastha
5349:Aishvarya
5268:Sakayanya
5263:Sadananda
5228:Gaudapada
5213:Nagarjuna
5168:Patañjali
4984:Principal
4966:Kamasutra
4760:Yogachara
4679:Raseśvara
4439:Hindu art
3724:Kamasutra
3710:Apastamba
3678:Shastraic
3654:recites:
3452:: Attha,
3333:Criticism
3327:and Islam
3288:Mythology
3141:Kshatriya
3073:Athichudi
3010:Tirumurai
2928:Tirumurai
2537:Vyākaraṇa
2473:Chandogya
2465:Samaveda:
2353:Divisions
2331:Yajurveda
2291:Ātmatuṣṭi
2247:Yogananda
2222:Trailanga
2217:Sivananda
2082:Aurobindo
2068:Vyasaraja
2033:Tyagaraja
1983:Sankardev
1953:Ramananda
1848:Jñāneśvar
1823:Harivansh
1808:Gaudapada
1768:Chaitanya
1707:Vashistha
1677:Patanjali
1657:Jamadagni
1576:Vaishnava
1564:Pashupata
1341:Navaratri
1318:Festivals
1285:Upanayana
1250:Jatakarma
1235:Pumsavana
1154:Kuchipudi
1149:Kathakali
1118:Rāja yoga
1052:Samādhāna
933:Prarthana
907:Practices
834:Svādhyāya
438:Mythology
433:Cosmology
426:Worldview
371:Kartikeya
302:Prajapati
241:Saraswati
5714:Tanmatra
5709:Tajjalan
5699:Syādvāda
5599:Pradhana
5574:Padārtha
5539:Lakshana
5484:Ekagrata
5329:Adrishta
5324:Adarsana
5302:Concepts
5283:Mahavira
5248:Ramanuja
5198:Chanakya
5133:Avatsara
5128:Valluvar
5068:Vedangas
4882:Gandhism
4785:Medieval
4734:Syādvāda
4719:Charvaka
4691:Pāṇiniya
4585:Idealism
4428:Hinduism
4069:62133001
3802:See also
3766:—
3741:. Rishi
3669:—
3617:Trivarga
3466:Buddhism
3462:Hinduism
3442:Sanskrit
3346:Glossary
3278:Calendar
3213:Hindutva
3136:Brahmana
2807:samhitas
2799:Shastras
2769:Ayurveda
2760:Upavedas
2595:Ramayana
2586:Itihasas
2552:Jyotisha
2519:Vedangas
2503:Mandukya
2399:Aitareya
2391:Rigveda:
2370:Aranyaka
2365:Brahmana
2338:Samaveda
2053:Valluvar
2048:Vallabha
2028:Tulsidas
1958:Ramanuja
1908:Nayanars
1893:Namadeva
1730:Medieval
1672:Kashyapa
1588:Charvaka
1559:Kapalika
1423:Puthandu
1413:Vaisakhi
1310:Antyesti
1290:Keshanta
1214:Adimurai
1209:Silambam
1174:Sattriya
1159:Manipuri
844:Mitahara
824:Santosha
784:Achourya
596:Sannyasa
586:Gṛhastha
445:Ontology
419:Concepts
207:Trimurti
170:Smartism
165:Shaktism
160:Shaivism
34:Hinduism
26:a series
24:Part of
5759:More...
5729:Upekkhā
5724:Uparati
5704:Taijasa
5679:Śūnyatā
5649:Saṃsāra
5644:Samadhi
5609:Prakṛti
5564:Nirvāṇa
5514:Jivatva
5504:Ikshana
5459:Devatas
5429:Bhumika
5419:Brahman
5409:Avyakta
5354:Akrodha
5334:Advaita
5293:More...
5188:Jaimini
5092:More...
4802:Advaita
4792:Vedanta
4750:Śūnyatā
4709:Ājīvika
4701:Nāstika
4669:Vedanta
4664:Mīmāṃsā
4644:Samkhya
4624:Ancient
4580:Atomism
4575:Atheism
4501:Studies
4496:Worship
4370:123–135
3967:, pp 45
3902:507–519
3706:Gautama
3632:Mimamsa
3606:History
3470:Jainism
3351:Outline
3146:Vaishya
3114:Society
2965:Stotras
2616:Puranas
2542:Nirukta
2532:Chandas
2527:Shiksha
2510:Prashna
2496:Mundaka
2360:Samhita
2324:Rigveda
2187:Samarth
2023:Tukaram
1968:Ravidas
1702:Valmiki
1652:Jaimini
1622:Angiras
1617:Agastya
1609:Ancient
1495:Advaita
1489:Vedanta
1484:Mīmāṃsā
1464:Samkhya
1351:Ramlila
1093:Sādhanā
983:Tarpana
968:Kīrtana
963:Bhajana
914:Worship
839:Shaucha
814:Akrodha
660:Saṃsāra
524:Ishvara
493:Nirguna
488:Brahman
452:Tattvas
376:Krishna
361:Hanuman
356:Ganesha
292:Chandra
287:Ashvins
251:Parvati
246:Lakshmi
233:Tridevi
199:Deities
106:Śramaṇa
86:History
67:Origins
57:History
5734:Utsaha
5684:Sutram
5674:Sthiti
5669:Sphoṭa
5639:Sakshi
5624:Puruṣa
5604:Prajna
5569:Niyama
5529:Kasaya
5474:Dravya
5464:Dharma
5424:Bhuman
5414:Bhrama
5369:Ananta
5364:Anatta
5359:Aksara
5344:Ahimsa
5319:Abheda
5309:Abhava
5258:Raikva
5178:Kapila
5173:Kanada
4870:Modern
4844:Shaiva
4812:Dvaita
4714:Ajñana
4674:Shaiva
4632:Āstika
4615:Moksha
4568:Topics
4519:Portal
4481:Moksha
4476:Mantra
4461:Dharma
4456:Chakra
4356:
4306:
4288:
4277:
4254:
4232:
4202:
4173:
4150:
4112:
4088:
4067:
4057:
4033:
4010:
3992:
3963:
3946:
3924:
3869:
3818:Moksha
3808:Dharma
3796:dharma
3747:Arjuna
3743:Vidura
3702:dharma
3536:dharma
3525:moksha
3517:dharma
3501:Moksha
3493:Dharma
3151:Shudra
2969:stutis
2805:, and
2803:sutras
2457:Maitri
2182:Ramdas
2075:Modern
2008:Surdas
1873:Madhva
1793:Eknath
1763:Basava
1758:Alvars
1692:Raikva
1682:Pāṇini
1667:Kapila
1662:Kanada
1647:Gotama
1554:Shaiva
1502:Dvaita
1403:Pongal
1326:Diwali
1305:Vivaha
1169:Odissi
1144:Kathak
1083:Yogini
1047:Dhyana
998:Tirtha
953:Bhakti
943:Temple
938:Śrauta
819:Arjava
779:Ahimsa
774:Niyama
757:Ethics
565:Moksha
550:Dharma
498:Saguna
396:Shakti
381:Kubera
327:Varuna
307:Pushan
220:Vishnu
215:Brahma
52:Hindus
5749:Yamas
5744:Viraj
5719:Tyāga
5654:Satya
5554:Mokṣa
5524:Karma
5479:Dhrti
5404:Ātman
5389:Artha
5193:Vyasa
5073:Vedas
5054:Minor
4901:Texts
4649:Nyaya
4640:Hindu
4610:Artha
4590:Logic
4471:Karma
4449:Music
4267:See:
4166:See:
3985:see:
3911:See:
3838:Karma
3788:artha
3751:Bhima
3648:artha
3644:phala
3640:yajna
3636:yajna
3599:artha
3589:artha
3579:karma
3566:artha
3562:artha
3547:artha
3482:artha
3477:artha
3458:artha
3454:Tamil
3405:Artha
3168:Dalit
3121:Varna
3038:Kural
2576:Agama
2547:Kalpa
2443:Katha
2315:Vedas
2286:Ācāra
2281:Smṛti
2276:Śruti
2260:Texts
1853:Kabir
1717:Vyasa
1627:Aruni
1474:Nyaya
1428:Vishu
1408:Ugadi
1088:Asana
1073:Sadhu
1042:Tapas
1013:Matha
1003:Yatra
988:Vrata
973:Yajna
948:Murti
829:Tapas
804:Damah
799:Satya
769:Yamas
655:Karma
555:Artha
472:Guṇas
386:Radha
351:Durga
322:Ushas
317:Surya
312:Rudra
297:Indra
273:Vedic
264:Devis
260:Devas
225:Shiva
5754:Yoga
5519:Kama
5499:Idam
5494:Hitā
5489:Guṇa
5454:Dāna
5339:Aham
4743:and
4724:Jain
4659:Yoga
4605:Kama
4491:Yoga
4354:ISBN
4304:ISBN
4286:ISBN
4275:ISBN
4252:ISBN
4230:ISBN
4200:ISBN
4171:ISBN
4148:ISBN
4110:ISBN
4086:ISBN
4065:OCLC
4055:ISBN
4031:ISBN
4008:ISBN
3990:ISBN
3961:ISBN
3944:ISBN
3922:ISBN
3867:ISBN
3813:Kama
3794:and
3792:kama
3768:The
3630:The
3577:and
3575:kama
3540:kama
3538:and
3523:and
3521:kama
3497:Kama
3468:and
3450:Pali
3446:अर्थ
3182:Jāti
2967:and
2480:Kena
2429:Isha
1637:Atri
1469:Yoga
1418:Bihu
1388:Onam
1331:Holi
1131:Arts
1078:Yogi
1065:Yoga
1028:Sevā
1023:Dāna
978:Homa
958:Japa
928:Ārtī
923:Puja
849:Dāna
809:Dayā
667:Mind
650:Maya
560:Kama
401:Sita
391:Rama
366:Kali
332:Vayu
282:Agni
184:List
5634:Ṛta
5469:Dhi
3833:Ṛta
3418:ɑːr
517:God
5776::
4642::
4486:Om
4241:^
4187:^
4159:^
4139:^
4121:^
4097:^
4077:^
4063:.
3935:^
3894:^
3878:^
3856:^
3790:,
3581:.
3542:.
3519:,
3507:.
3464:,
3448:;
3444::
3440:;
3427:,-
2801:,
505:Om
28:on
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4539:v
4420:e
4413:t
4406:v
4177:;
4071:.
3436:/
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3430:θ
3424:ə
3421:t
3415:ˈ
3412:/
3408:(
3392:e
3385:t
3378:v
3161::
275::
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