882:
1009:
775:, who claimed to be of Arsacid blood. Mithridates successfully subjugated Armenia to Roman rule and deposed Arsaces, inflicting huge devastation upon the country. Surprisingly, Mithridates was summoned back to Rome, where he was kept as a prisoner, and Armenia was given back to Artabanus II, who gave the throne to his younger son Orodes. Another civil war erupted in Parthia upon Artabanus II's death. In the meantime, Mithridates was put back on the Armenian throne, with the help of his brother,
701:
1111:
233:
36:
874:
1284:) is known to have said the following thing during a speech: "For I know the country of the Greeks and that of the Romans very well, and our regions of Parthia—for it is even our home—as well as Asorestan, Arabia and Atropatene." Under the Arsacids, the Armenians became familiar with some of the stories that were later added into the Persian epic
759:, who assumed the Iranian name Artaxias (a.k.a. Zeno-Artaxias). The Parthians under Artabanus II were too distracted by internal strife to oppose the Roman-appointed king. Zeno's reign was remarkably peaceful in Armenian history. After Zeno's death in 36, Artabanus II decided to reinstate an Arsacid on the Armenian throne, choosing his eldest son
1448:
After their conversion to
Christianity, the Arsacids continued to preserve their Iranian naming traditions, as demonstrated by the male names Trdat, Khosrov, Tiran, Arshak, Pap, Varazdat and Vramshapuh and the female names Ashkhen, Zarmandukht, Khosrovdukht, Ormazdukht, Vardandukht. Notably the name
1035:
assumed the throne in 186. In 198, Vologases II assumed the
Parthian throne and named his son Khosrov I to the Armenian throne. Khosrov I was subsequently captured by the Romans, who installed one of their own to take charge of Armenia. However, the Armenians themselves revolted against their Roman
763:
as a suitable candidate, but his succession to the
Armenian throne was disputed by his younger brother Orodes, who had been overthrown by Zeno. Tiberius quickly concentrated more forces on the Roman frontier and once again after a decade of peace, Armenia was to become the theater of bitter warfare
1257:
Out of the three phases (Achaemenid, Arsacid, Sasanian) of
Iranian influence in Armenia, the Arsacid one was the strongest and most enduring. The phase began with the ascendance of the Parthians in the 2nd century BC and reached its zenith following the establishment of an Arsacid branch on the
798:
saw an opportunity, invaded
Armenia and succeeded in forcing the Iberians to withdraw from Armenia. The harsh winter that followed proved too much for the Parthians, who also withdrew, thus leaving open doors for Rhadamistus to regain his throne. After regaining power, according to
857:
with
Tiridates. It stated that Tiridates was recognized as King of Armenia, but he agreed to become a Roman client king and go to Rome to be crowned by Emperor Nero. Tiridates ruled Armenia until his death or deposition around 110, when the Parthian king
892:
The encroachment on the traditional sphere of influence of the Roman Empire started a new war between
Parthia and Rome and ended the peace that had endured for about half a century since Nero's time. Roman Emperor
897:
marched towards
Armenia in October 113 to restore a Roman client king in Armenia. Envoys from Osroes I met Trajan at Athens, informed him that Axidares had been deposed and asked for Axidares' elder brother,
947:
as King of
Armenia and Osroene, although the Parthian king Vologases held most Armenian territory. Eventually, a compromise with the Parthians was reached, and Vologases was placed in charge of Armenia.
906:, where Parthamasiris asked to be crowned, but instead of crowning him, he annexed his kingdom as a new province to the Roman Empire. Parthamasiris was dismissed and died mysteriously soon afterwards.
1270:, which resembled a bard or minstrel. In Arsacid Armenia, the custom of aristocratic children being raised by foster parents or tutors was widespread, as in the rest of the Iranian commonwealth.
1468:– 428, most of whom were members of the Arsacid dynasty. The list also mentions the non-dynastic rulers of Armenia as well as periods of interregnum. Note that some dates are approximations.
1102:
left to take the
Persian throne in 293. Rome, nevertheless, defeated Narseh in 298, and Khosrov II's son Tiridates III regained control over Armenia with the support of Roman soldiers.
1383:
had their bones disinterred and taken out of Armenia after his raid on the necropolis. The tombs were seemingly strongly fortified since Shapur II was unable to open the tomb of
955:, the son of the legitimate Parthian King Mithridates V, dispatched his troops to seize Armenia in 161 and eradicated the Roman legions that had been stationed there under
803:, the Iberian was so cruel that the Armenians stormed the palace and forced Rhadamistus out of the country, and Vologases I got the opportunity to install his brother
1183:
about 411. That work must have been considered imperfect because soon afterward, John of Egheghiatz and Joseph of Baghin, two of Mashtots's students, were sent to
1079:. In 252, Shapur invaded Armenia and forced Tiridates to flee. After the deaths of Tiridates and his son Khosrov II, Shapur installed his own son, Hurmazd, on the
1355:(550–330 BC), the Arsacids of Armenia and Iran practiced entombment and burial, probably doing it with great care to avoid contaminating the sacred earth of the
1429:. Armenian was considered a "vulgar" language and so the Parthian language was spoken amongst the upper class and at the court. It was during that period that
1305:
The Armenians viewed the bond between their country and the royal houses of Parthia as indestructible. Armenian sources use the terms "king" and "Arsacid" (
1071:
To preserve the autonomy of Arsacid rule in Armenia, Tiridates II sought friendly relations with Rome. That was an unfortunate choice because Sassanid King
1433:
incorporated most of its Iranian loanwords. The modern historians R. Schmitt and H. W. Bailey compare the Parthian influence on Armenian to that of the
1325:
The Arsacids were advocates of Iranian legitimacy, which they remained even after the fall of the Parthian Empire. They insisted that they carried the
692:. In contrast to the more Hellenic-influenced Artaxiads, the reign of the Arsacids of Armenia was marked by greater Iranian influence in the country.
650:. However, he did not succeed in establishing his line on the throne, and various princes of different Arsacid lineages ruled until the accession of
849:
Vologases I considered this an act of aggression from Rome and restarted a campaign to restore Tiridates I to the Armenian throne. In the following
1136:
As late as the later Parthian period, Armenia was predominantly Zoroastrian. However, that was soon to change. In the early 4th century AD, Saint
927:('Armenia and Mesopotamia brought back into the power of the people of Rome'). After a rebellion led by a pretender to the Parthian throne (
850:
595:
100:
53:
853:
in 62, command of the Roman troops was again entrusted to Corbulo, who marched into Armenia and set a camp in Rhandeia, where he made a
794:, Julius Pailinus, decided to conquer Armenia but settled with the crowning of Rhadamistus, who generously rewarded him. Parthian King
72:
1258:
Armenian throne in the mid-1st century AD. The Arsacid kings of Armenia attempted to base their court on the same model as the one in
1036:
overlords, and in accordance with a new Roman-Parthian compromise, Khosrov I's son, Tiridates II (217–252), was made king of Armenia.
2516:
1421:
was dominated by Hellenism under the Artaxiads, the reign of the Arsacids marked the predominance of Iranianism in the country, with
939:
had managed to secure a sizeable amount of Armenia just before Trajan's death in August 117. However, in 118, the new Roman emperor,
1425:
replacing Greek as the language of the educated. However, Armenian Hellenism was not eradicated, as the Arsacids of Iran were proud
1453:'s mother, Bambishn, means "queen" in Persian. Overall, the Christian Arsacids remained true to their Arsacid Iranian traditions.
79:
2855:
2729:
2715:
2466:
Vacca, Alison (2021). "Bahl Šahastan in the land of the K'ušans: Medieval Armenian memories of Balkh as an Arsacid capital".
2433:
2361:
2305:
2169:
86:
2575:
2131:
The Iranian Expanse: Transforming Royal Identity Through Architecture, Landscape, and the Built Environment, 550 BCE–642 CE
2238:
The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century
748:
to the East. Germanicus concluded a treaty with Artabanus II in which he was recognized as king and friend of the Romans.
654:, who succeeded in establishing his own line on the Armenian throne, which ruled the kingdom until its abolishment by the
2891:
2876:
2708:
1094:, Rome installed Tiridates III as ruler of Armenia, and in 287, he was in possession of the west Armenian territory. The
835:
2406:
2383:
2219:
2116:
537:
68:
2281:
2249:
2197:
2142:
119:
1027:
As a result of an epidemic within the Roman forces, Parthians retook most of their lost territory in 166 and forced
2353:
The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature
588:
2722:
542:
482:
472:
2134:
1080:
627:
342:
157:
57:
1844:
Estimated dates vary from 284 to 314. The latter is the date favored by mainstream scholarship, see GarsoĂŻan (
2509:
507:
277:
267:
2896:
2757:
1191:
and brought back with them authentic copies of the Greek text. With the help of other copies obtained from
563:
465:
2850:
2834:
1131:
1001:(Roman senator and consul of Arsacid and Emessan ancestry), on the Armenian throne and deposed a certain
910:
791:
662:
581:
452:
357:
252:
212:
2297:
Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran
93:
2688:
2601:
2273:
512:
422:
382:
17:
2886:
2881:
2798:
2793:
2785:
2743:
2736:
2570:
2549:
1225:
invaded Armenia. During the following decades, Armenia was once again disputed territory between the
944:
532:
407:
881:
525:
2764:
2502:
2398:
2182:(2016). "Ancient Iranian Motifs and Zoroastrian Iconography". In Williams, Markus; Stewart, Sarah;
1617:
1547:
1274:
1234:
1119:
936:
932:
928:
899:
724:, incorrectly known as Artabanus III in older scholarship, demanded his deposition, and as Emperor
674:
232:
2778:
2702:
1589:
1137:
1123:
1020:
914:
827:
776:
721:
670:
567:
442:
257:
46:
708:
The first appearance of an Arsacid on the Armenian throne occurred in 12 when the Parthian king
2233:
1577:
1559:
1525:
1519:
1490:
1032:
982:
839:
804:
795:
780:
772:
643:
639:
634:. Arsacid kings reigned intermittently throughout the chaotic years following the fall of the
2771:
2585:
2291:
2179:
1670:
1623:
1595:
477:
417:
2606:
1664:
1583:
1484:
1095:
1057:
760:
1339:), which was the divine glory wielded by legitimate Iranian and Iranic kings. The city of
8:
2621:
2259:
1565:
1541:
1513:
1494:
1241:
princes) remained in control preserving their power to some extent, as border guardians (
1184:
1164:
1028:
998:
863:
756:
552:
245:
1394:
was of high importance to the Arsacids, who celebrated the Iranian New Year's festival (
728:
did not wish to begin a war against the Parthians, he deposed Vonones I and sent him to
2694:
2483:
2338:
2269:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods
2241:
1571:
1430:
1418:
1262:. Many Parthian aspects were directly imported into Armenian civilization, such as the
1002:
997:
army, commanded by Vologases IV, surrendered to Priscus, who installed a Roman puppet,
885:
854:
432:
362:
347:
332:
221:
877:
Greater Armenia as part of the Roman Empire (in red), Lesser Armenia (in blue); 117 AD
2824:
2750:
2667:
2487:
2447:
2429:
2402:
2379:
2357:
2342:
2301:
2277:
2245:
2215:
2193:
2165:
2138:
2126:
2112:
1500:
1422:
1352:
1148:
1061:
1008:
768:
733:
678:
623:
502:
497:
427:
372:
1049:
902:, to be granted the throne. Trajan declined the proposal and in August 114 captured
2657:
2580:
2475:
2371:
2330:
2153:
1629:
1605:
1529:
1438:
1238:
1226:
1218:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1110:
635:
412:
395:
377:
272:
2229:
2207:
2616:
2525:
2443:
2421:
2351:
2295:
2267:
2263:
2157:
2106:
1442:
1434:
1340:
1230:
1144:, making Armenia the first state to adopt Christianity as its official religion.
1076:
974:
816:
717:
713:
655:
631:
571:
492:
487:
437:
325:
147:
2417:
921:
issued coins that celebrated this occasion and borne the following inscription:
2672:
2662:
2626:
2611:
2321:
1648:
1367:
1351:), as well as the royal necropolis of the Arsacids. In the same fashion as the
1188:
1065:
661:
Two of the most notable events under Arsacid rule in Armenian history were the
447:
337:
2479:
1083:. When Shapur I died in 270, Hurmazd took the Persian throne, and his brother
779:, and of Roman troops. Civil war continued in Parthia for several years, with
2870:
2829:
2819:
1553:
1426:
1195:, the Bible was translated again from the Greek according to the text of the
986:
820:
630:(with some interruptions) from 12 to 428 AD. The dynasty was a branch of the
352:
2652:
2634:
2334:
2183:
1478:
1152:
1141:
1013:
978:
952:
918:
831:
752:
741:
700:
682:
666:
647:
1209:. This version, now used by the Armenian Church, was completed about 434.
764:
between the two greatest powers of the known world for the next 25 years.
1691:
1509:
1402:
1356:
1348:
968:
787:
732:. Soon after the deposition of Vonones I, Artabanus II installed his son
720:. Vonones I briefly acquired the Armenian throne with Roman consent, but
651:
282:
183:
1295:
1273:
The Arsacid kings knew Parthia and regarded it as their native country.
1031:
to retreat to Syria. After a few intervening Roman and Parthian rulers,
2102:
1676:
1660:
1299:
1233:
until a permanent settlement in 387, which remained in place until the
1196:
1192:
1091:
1045:
903:
867:
745:
2426:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume II/4: Architecture IV–Armenia and Iran IV
2162:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume II/4: Architecture IV–Armenia and Iran IV
1068:
as the state religion and considered Armenia as part of their empire.
2428:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 445–465.
2164:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 418–438.
1685:
1642:
1635:
1601:
1472:
1380:
1370:. The bones of the buried Arsacid kings were believed to carry their
1328:
1286:
1259:
1222:
943:, gave up Trajan's conquered lands, including Armenia, and installed
709:
367:
2316:
2187:
1249:) either under Byzantine or as a Sassanian protectorate, until 428.
35:
2317:"Germanicus, Artabanos II of Parthia, and Zeno Artaxias in Armenia"
1654:
1535:
1450:
1384:
1291:
1180:
1072:
994:
859:
843:
737:
725:
402:
297:
2494:
2814:
1835:
Academic American Encyclopedia – Page 172 by Grolier Incorporated
1793:
1789:
1391:
1344:
1244:
1205:
1115:
1053:
990:
962:
956:
940:
800:
547:
287:
2056:
1060:. The Sassanids were determined to restore the old glory of the
2189:
The Zoroastrian Flame Exploring Religion, History and Tradition
1611:
1406:
1395:
1361:
1265:
1200:
1187:
to translate the Biblical scriptures. They journeyed as far as
1176:
1099:
1084:
894:
873:
312:
307:
292:
2418:"Armenia and Iran iv. Iranian influences in Armenian Language"
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
2544:
2539:
1156:
729:
302:
1371:
1326:
1320:
1242:
960:
1851:
1704:
823:
262:
1960:
1923:
1921:
1848:
p.82), following the research of Ananian, and Seibt (2002)
1334:
1312:
1306:
1263:
1938:
1936:
1140:
converted King Tiridates III and members of his court to
935:), was put down, some sporadic resistance continued, and
909:
As a Roman province, Armenia was administered along with
1894:
1398:) there. The boar, which was the favourite totem of the
2068:
1918:
1906:
1290:. They include the stories of figures such as Hraseak (
981:
to the eastern front. In 163, Verus dispatched General
2468:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
2080:
2044:
2008:
1996:
1933:
1748:
1736:
1237:
in 639. Arsacid rulers intermittently (competing with
790:
invaded Armenia and killed his uncle. The governor of
646:, secured Arsacid rule in Armenia as a client king of
27:
Dynasty which ruled the Kingdom of Armenia (AD 12-428)
2032:
2020:
1882:
1359:
744:
of the eastern frontier and sent his nephew and heir
1311:) as synonyms. The Arsacid king was regarded as the
838:). After Tiridates I escaped, the Roman client king
704:
Kingdom of Armenia under the Arsacid dynasty, 150 AD
2397:. Harvard Armenian Texts and Studies. Vol. 9.
2108:
Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices
1984:
1972:
1948:
1817:
1805:
HA Marcus Antoninus 9.1, Verus 7.1; Dio Cass. 71.3.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1870:
967:Osroes, Parthian troops marched further west into
1766:Statius Silvae 5.1; Dio Cassius 68.17.1.; Arrian
1412:
924:Armenia et Mesopotamia in potestatem P.R. redactæ
677:in the early 4th century and the creation of the
2868:
1075:defeated the Romans and made peace with Emperor
830:with a large army to the east to install Roman
2448:"Arsacids vii. The Arsacid dynasty of Armenia"
1409:in Armenian), was the symbol of the Arsacids.
617:
2510:
2415:
2154:"Armenia and Iran ii. The pre-Islamic period"
2062:
589:
2290:
1966:
2212:Armenia between Byzantium and the Sasanians
1456:
1005:, who had been installed by Vologases III.
922:
810:
2517:
2503:
596:
582:
2442:
1717:
1376:, which was the reason that the Sasanian
1321:Imperial ideology and religious practices
985:, who had been recently transferred from
866:, the son of the previous Parthian king,
862:invaded Armenia and enthroned his nephew
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2314:
2262:(1983). "Iran, Armenia and Georgia". In
2228:
2206:
2151:
2086:
2074:
1927:
1864:
1754:
1742:
1109:
1039:
1012:Coin issued to celebrate the victory of
1007:
880:
872:
699:
2452:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5
2392:
2370:
2050:
2014:
2002:
1942:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1792:257–260, 268–277; Debevoise History of
1461:This is a list of the kings of Armenia
846:, one of the Parthian vassal kingdoms.
14:
2869:
2178:
2125:
2038:
2026:
2498:
2465:
2101:
1823:
842:was installed. In 61, he invaded the
783:eventually seizing the throne in 45.
2349:
2300:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
2258:
1990:
1978:
1954:
1876:
1506:Mithridates of Armenia (again) 42–51
1343:served as the centre of the cult of
1163:as thus also marks the beginning of
959:Gaius Severianus. Encouraged by the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2730:Pompeian–Parthian invasion of 40 BC
2524:
2416:Schmitt, R.; Bailey, H. W. (1986).
2232:(2004). "The Aršakuni Dynasty". In
1682:Possibly Khosrov IV (again) 417–418
1105:
1098:stirred some nobles to revolt when
951:Vologases ruled Armenia until 140.
24:
2459:
1481:(Zeno Artaxias, non-Arsacid) 18–34
1317:("natural lord of this country").
740:had no intention of giving up the
231:
25:
2908:
2192:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 179–203.
989:along with several legions, from
695:
1333:("fortune", cognate of Armenian
736:on the Armenian throne. Emperor
34:
2856:Rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms
2356:. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.
1838:
1829:
1814:HA Verus 8.1–4; Dio Cass. 71.2.
1614:(Sassanid dynasty) c. 271 – 293
1279:
716:for his pro-Roman policies and
543:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
45:needs additional citations for
2135:University of California Press
1808:
1799:
1782:
1773:
1760:
1723:
1568:(non-Arsacid) 144–161, 164–186
1522:52–58, 62–66, officially 66–88
1413:Language and naming traditions
1114:Anachronistic painting of the
13:
1:
2716:Roman–Parthian War of 161–166
1698:
1462:
1155:in 405 AD for the purpose of
819:influence at their doorstep,
686:
2758:Battle of the Cilician Gates
2723:Antony's Atropatene campaign
2395:Armenian and Iranian studies
2378:. Harvard University Press.
2315:Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2016).
1372:
1347:(the Armenian equivalent of
1335:
1327:
1313:
1307:
1264:
1243:
961:
751:In 18, Armenia was given to
69:"Arsacid dynasty of Armenia"
7:
2709:Roman–Parthian War of 58–63
1360:
1132:Christianization of Armenia
1124:St. Gregory the Enlightener
1087:ruled Armenia in his name.
836:Roman–Parthian War of 58–63
786:In 51 Mithridates's nephew
642:, brother of Parthian King
358:Christianization of Armenia
10:
2913:
2892:Christianization of Europe
2877:Arsacid dynasty of Armenia
2393:Russell, James R. (2004).
2274:Cambridge University Press
2095:
1688:(Sassanid dynasty) 418–422
1578:Vologases II (Vagharsh II)
1548:Parthamasiris (Partamasir)
1252:
1212:
1175:made a translation of the
1129:
1056:and found the new Persian
632:Arsacid dynasty of Parthia
423:Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
383:Muslim conquest of Armenia
2843:
2807:
2786:Parthian war of Caracalla
2744:Battle of Ctesiphon (198)
2737:Battle of Ctesiphon (165)
2681:
2645:
2594:
2558:
2550:Parni conquest of Parthia
2532:
2480:10.1017/S0041977X21000033
2376:Zoroastrianism in Armenia
2350:Rapp, Stephen H. (2014).
2063:Schmitt & Bailey 1986
1390:The ancient sanctuary of
1120:Tiridates III (Trdat III)
815:Unhappy with the growing
618:
533:First Republic of Armenia
408:Principality of Hamamshen
278:Lchashen–Metsamor culture
268:Trialeti–Vanadzor culture
197:
189:
179:
171:
163:
153:
143:
134:
2765:Battle of Mount Gindarus
2399:Harvard University Press
2152:Chaumont, M. L. (1986).
1560:Vologases I (Vagharsh I)
1457:Arsacid kings of Armenia
1235:Arab conquest of Armenia
811:Between Rome and Parthia
2835:Roman–Iranian relations
2779:Battle of Nisibis (217)
2234:Hovannisian, Richard G.
1138:Gregory the Illuminator
1064:and so they proclaimed
1023:in the war for Armenia.
915:Lucius Catilius Severus
828:Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
671:Gregory the Illuminator
443:Principality of Khachen
308:Urartu (Kingdom of Van)
253:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
236:Coat of Arms of Armenia
2689:Seleucid–Parthian Wars
2335:10.1515/klio-2016-0044
2292:Pourshariati, Parvaneh
2180:Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh
1663:378–387 with co-ruler
1491:Mithridates of Armenia
1127:
1024:
923:
889:
878:
870:, as King of Armenia.
705:
237:
2799:Bactrian–Parthian War
2794:Armenian–Parthian War
2772:Battle of Amanus Pass
2214:. Variorum Reprints.
1796:245; Dio Cass.71.2.1.
1779:Dio Cassius 68.17.2–3
1536:Sanatruces (Sanatruk)
1153:Saint Mesrop Mashtots
1113:
1044:In 224, Persian King
1040:Sassanids and Armenia
1011:
884:
876:
703:
663:conversion of Armenia
418:Kingdom of Vaspurakan
235:
2276:. pp. 505–536.
2111:. Psychology Press.
1788:Sellwood Coinage of
1542:Axidares (Ashkhadar)
1485:Arsaces I of Armenia
1221:, the Sassanid king
1217:During the reign of
548:Contemporary Armenia
54:improve this article
2897:Roman buffer states
2703:Roman–Parthian Wars
2454:. pp. 543–546.
2065:, pp. 445–465.
1867:, pp. 418–438.
1720:, pp. 543–546.
1641:Sassanid conquest (
1514:Pharnavazid dynasty
1495:Pharnavazid dynasty
1366:(angelic divinity)
1165:Armenian literature
844:Kingdom of Adiabene
757:Polemon I of Pontus
553:Republic of Artsakh
303:Nairi Confederation
258:Kura–Araxes culture
148:Arsacids of Parthia
2695:Battle of Ecbatana
2602:Seven Great Houses
2242:Palgrave Macmillan
1731:Jewish Antiquities
1431:Classical Armenian
1419:culture of Armenia
1314:bnak tērn ašxarhis
1128:
1025:
890:
886:Arshakid Mausoleum
879:
851:Battle of Rhandeia
718:Occidental manners
706:
628:Kingdom of Armenia
453:Kingdom of Cilicia
433:Kingdom of Artsakh
413:Kingdom of Armenia
403:Emirate of Armenia
363:Kingdom of Sophene
343:Kingdom of Armenia
333:Satrapy of Armenia
238:
158:Kingdom of Armenia
2864:
2863:
2851:Parthian monarchs
2825:Parthian Dark Age
2751:Battle of Carrhae
2576:Caucasian Albania
2435:978-0-71009-104-8
2372:Russell, James R.
2363:978-1-4724-2552-2
2307:978-1-84511-645-3
2171:978-0-71009-104-8
1967:Pourshariati 2008
1903:, pp. 41–42.
1692:Artashes/Artashir
1520:Tiridates/Trdat I
1501:Orodes of Armenia
1353:Achaemenid Empire
1298:) and Spandarat (
1169:Movses Khorenatsi
1159:translation, and
1149:Armenian alphabet
1062:Achaemenid Empire
977:immediately sent
767:Tiberius sent an
679:Armenian alphabet
606:
605:
513:National movement
503:Armenian genocide
498:Armenian question
428:Kingdom of Syunik
373:Byzantine Armenia
205:
204:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2904:
2887:Christianization
2882:Iranian families
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2697:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2455:
2439:
2422:Yarshater, Ehsan
2412:
2389:
2367:
2346:
2311:
2287:
2264:Yarshater, Ehsan
2255:
2225:
2203:
2175:
2158:Yarshater, Ehsan
2148:
2122:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1931:
1925:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1849:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1606:Sassanid dynasty
1602:Hormizd-Ardashir
1554:Roman annexation
1530:Herodian dynasty
1467:
1464:
1375:
1365:
1338:
1332:
1316:
1310:
1283:
1281:
1269:
1248:
1227:Byzantine Empire
1173:Isaac of Armenia
1161:Christianization
1106:Christianization
1058:Sassanid dynasty
993:to Armenia. The
966:
926:
712:was exiled from
691:
688:
636:Artaxiad dynasty
621:
620:
598:
591:
584:
466:Early modern age
378:Sasanian Armenia
225:
207:
206:
132:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2839:
2803:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2693:
2677:
2641:
2590:
2554:
2528:
2526:Parthian Empire
2523:
2462:
2460:Further reading
2436:
2409:
2386:
2364:
2308:
2284:
2252:
2222:
2200:
2172:
2145:
2127:Canepa, Matthew
2119:
2098:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2049:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1919:
1915:, p. 1066.
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1863:
1852:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1705:
1701:
1572:Pacorus (Bakur)
1465:
1459:
1443:Norman Conquest
1415:
1323:
1278:
1255:
1231:Sassanid Empire
1215:
1167:. According to
1151:was created by
1134:
1108:
1081:Armenian throne
1042:
983:Statius Priscus
975:Marcus Aurelius
855:peace agreement
813:
807:on the throne.
698:
689:
683:Mesrop Mashtots
656:Sasanian Empire
638:until 62, when
610:Arsacid dynasty
602:
558:
557:
538:Armenian S.S.R.
528:
518:
517:
508:Western Armenia
493:Armenian Oblast
488:Russian Armenia
483:Ottoman Armenia
473:Iranian Armenia
468:
458:
457:
438:Zakarid Armenia
398:
388:
387:
348:Armenian Empire
328:
318:
317:
248:
223:
216:
193:King of Armenia
138:
136:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2910:
2900:
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2894:
2889:
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2847:
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2822:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
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2801:
2796:
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2782:
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2768:
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2754:
2747:
2740:
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2700:
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2698:
2685:
2683:
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2655:
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2642:
2640:
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2555:
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2534:
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2522:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2440:
2434:
2413:
2408:978-0935411195
2407:
2390:
2385:978-0674968509
2384:
2368:
2362:
2347:
2329:(2): 605–633.
2312:
2306:
2288:
2282:
2260:Lang, David M.
2256:
2250:
2230:GarsoĂŻan, Nina
2226:
2221:978-0860781660
2220:
2208:GarsoĂŻan, Nina
2204:
2198:
2176:
2170:
2149:
2143:
2123:
2118:978-0415239035
2117:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2079:
2077:, p. 201.
2067:
2055:
2053:, p. 170.
2043:
2041:, p. 115.
2031:
2029:, p. 230.
2019:
2017:, p. 451.
2007:
2005:, p. 159.
1995:
1993:, p. 112.
1983:
1981:, p. 246.
1971:
1959:
1957:, p. 518.
1947:
1945:, p. 163.
1932:
1930:, p. 180.
1917:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1850:
1837:
1828:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1781:
1772:
1759:
1757:, p. 181.
1747:
1745:, p. 605.
1735:
1722:
1718:Toumanoff 1986
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1608:) 252 – c. 270
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1523:
1517:
1516:) 51–53, 54–55
1507:
1504:
1498:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1458:
1455:
1414:
1411:
1368:Spenta Armaiti
1322:
1319:
1282: 298–330
1254:
1251:
1214:
1211:
1189:Constantinople
1130:Main article:
1107:
1104:
1066:Zoroastrianism
1048:overthrew the
1041:
1038:
991:Syrian Antioch
945:Parthamaspates
812:
809:
697:
696:Early Arsacids
694:
604:
603:
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490:
485:
480:
478:Five Melikdoms
475:
469:
464:
463:
460:
459:
456:
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450:
448:Mongol Armenia
445:
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263:Legend of Hayk
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42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2872:
2857:
2854:
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2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2830:Parthian shot
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2820:Parthian army
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2795:
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2787:
2783:
2780:
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2701:
2696:
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2538:
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2535:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2444:Toumanoff, C.
2441:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2387:
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2318:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2283:0-521-20092-X
2279:
2275:
2272:. Cambridge:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2251:1-4039-6421-1
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
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2227:
2223:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2199:9780857728159
2195:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2184:Hintze, Almut
2181:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2144:9780520379206
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2089:, p. 94.
2088:
2087:GarsoĂŻan 2004
2083:
2076:
2075:GarsoĂŻan 1985
2071:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1975:
1969:, p. 44.
1968:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1929:
1928:GarsoĂŻan 1985
1924:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1902:
1897:
1891:, p. 41.
1890:
1885:
1879:, p. 89.
1878:
1873:
1866:
1865:Chaumont 1986
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1847:
1841:
1832:
1826:, p. 84.
1825:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1756:
1755:GarsoĂŻan 1985
1751:
1744:
1743:Olbrycht 2016
1739:
1732:
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1719:
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1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1454:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1437:influence on
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1386:
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1379:
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1364:
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1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1294:), Shawarsh (
1293:
1289:
1288:
1276:
1275:Tiridates III
1271:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
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1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:Lucius Verus
1010:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
987:Roman Britain
984:
980:
976:
972:
970:
965:
964:
958:
954:
949:
946:
942:
938:
937:Vologases III
934:
933:Mithridates V
930:
929:Sanatruces II
925:
920:
916:
912:
907:
905:
901:
900:Parthamasiris
896:
888:: 4th century
887:
883:
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871:
869:
865:
861:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
826:sent General
825:
822:
821:Roman Emperor
818:
808:
806:
802:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
777:Pharasmanes I
774:
770:
765:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
742:buffer states
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
702:
693:
684:
680:
676:
675:Tiridates III
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
615:
612:, called the
611:
599:
594:
592:
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585:
580:
579:
577:
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569:
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562:
561:
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551:
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541:
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527:
522:
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353:Roman Armenia
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338:Armenia Minor
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2586:Indo-Parthia
2565:
2471:
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2070:
2058:
2051:Russell 2004
2046:
2034:
2022:
2015:Russell 1987
2010:
2003:Russell 1987
1998:
1986:
1974:
1962:
1950:
1943:Russell 1987
1913:Russell 2004
1908:
1901:Russell 2004
1896:
1889:Russell 2004
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1775:
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1738:
1730:
1725:
1638:c. 350 – 368
1632:339 – c. 350
1479:Artaxias III
1460:
1447:
1427:philhellenes
1416:
1399:
1389:
1377:
1324:
1304:
1285:
1272:
1256:
1216:
1204:
1146:
1142:Christianity
1135:
1089:
1070:
1043:
1033:Vologases II
1026:
1021:Vologases IV
1015:
979:Lucius Verus
973:
953:Vologases IV
950:
919:Roman Senate
908:
891:
848:
832:client kings
814:
785:
766:
750:
722:Artabanus II
707:
667:Christianity
660:
652:Vologases II
626:, ruled the
613:
609:
607:
288:Arme–Shupria
172:Current head
144:Parent house
116:
110:October 2015
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2607:Ispahbudhan
2595:Noble clans
2133:. Oakland:
2103:Boyce, Mary
2039:Canepa 2018
2027:Canepa 2018
1624:Khosrov III
1526:Tigranes VI
1510:Rhadamistus
1403:Verethragna
1357:Zoroastrian
1349:Ahura Mazda
1181:Syriac text
969:Roman Syria
840:Tigranes VI
796:Vologases I
788:Rhadamistus
773:Mithridates
644:Vologases I
640:Tiridates I
396:Middle Ages
283:Hayasa-Azzi
222:History of
198:Dissolution
184:Artaxias IV
180:Final ruler
2871:Categories
2622:Spandiyadh
1824:Boyce 2001
1733:, 18.42–47
1729:Josephus,
1699:References
1677:Vramshapuh
1671:Khosrov IV
1665:Vagharshak
1661:Arshak III
1596:Khosrov II
1441:after the
1417:While the
1378:shahanshah
1300:Esfandiyar
1197:Septuagint
1193:Alexandria
1092:Diocletian
1046:Ardashir I
1016:Armeniacus
911:Cappadocia
904:Arsamosata
868:Pacorus II
792:Cappadocia
746:Germanicus
690: 405
526:Modern age
246:Prehistory
80:newspapers
18:Arshakunis
2488:233342114
2474:: 19–45.
2343:193648886
1991:Rapp 2014
1979:Rapp 2014
1955:Lang 1983
1877:Rapp 2014
1770:frs 37/40
1645:) 368–370
1643:Shapur II
1636:Arshak II
1618:Trdat III
1584:Khosrov I
1562:117/8–144
1556:114–117/8
1473:Vonones I
1466: 12
1445:of 1066.
1381:Shapur II
1292:Afrasiyab
1287:Shahnameh
1260:Ctesiphon
1239:Bagratuni
1223:Shapur II
1179:from the
1096:Sassanids
931:, son of
805:Tiridates
761:Arsaces I
755:, son of
710:Vonones I
619:Ô±Ö€Ő·ŐˇŐŻŐ¸Ö‚Ő¶Ő«
614:Arshakuni
572:Etymology
368:Commagene
326:Antiquity
139:Arshakuni
137:Ô±Ö€Ő·ŐˇŐŻŐ¸Ö‚Ő¶Ő«
2668:Language
2581:Chosroid
2446:(1986).
2374:(1987).
2294:(2008).
2210:(1985).
2186:(eds.).
2129:(2018).
2105:(2001).
1768:Parthica
1655:Varazdat
1590:Trdat II
1566:Sohaemus
1451:Nerses I
1423:Parthian
1385:Sanatruk
1308:Aršakuni
1296:Siyavash
1229:and the
1118:of King
1073:Shapur I
1050:Arsacids
1029:Sohaemus
1019:against
999:Sohaemus
995:Artaxata
864:Axidares
860:Osroes I
817:Parthian
781:Gotarzes
738:Tiberius
726:Augustus
658:in 428.
624:Armenian
564:Timeline
213:a series
211:Part of
2815:Parthia
2808:Related
2658:Coinage
2646:Culture
2566:Armenia
2559:Dynasty
2533:Origins
2424:(ed.).
2266:(ed.).
2236:(ed.).
2160:(ed.).
2096:Sources
1846:op.cit.
1794:Parthia
1790:Parthia
1694:422–428
1679:389–417
1673:387–389
1667:378–386
1657:374–378
1651:370–374
1626:330–339
1620:287–330
1592:217–252
1586:198–217
1580:186–198
1574:161–164
1550:113–114
1544:110–113
1532:) 59–62
1497:) 35–37
1439:English
1392:Bagawan
1373:xwarrah
1345:Aramazd
1329:xwarrah
1253:Culture
1245:marzban
1213:Decline
1206:Hexapla
1116:baptism
1054:Parthia
1003:Pacorus
963:spahbod
957:legatus
941:Hadrian
801:Tacitus
769:Iberian
714:Parthia
568:Origins
224:Armenia
175:Extinct
164:Founded
154:Country
135:Arsacid
94:scholar
2617:Mihran
2571:Iberia
2486:
2432:
2405:
2382:
2360:
2341:
2304:
2280:
2248:
2218:
2196:
2168:
2141:
2115:
1686:Shapur
1612:Narseh
1598:c. 252
1538:88–110
1435:French
1407:Vahagn
1400:yazata
1396:Nowruz
1362:yazata
1336:pʿaṙkʿ
1201:Origen
1185:Edessa
1177:Gospel
1100:Narseh
1090:Under
1085:Narseh
1077:Philip
917:. The
895:Trajan
734:Orodes
313:Etiuni
293:Mushki
273:Armani
215:on the
190:Titles
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2844:Lists
2673:Music
2663:Dress
2631:Varaz
2627:Suren
2612:Karen
2545:Dahae
2540:Parni
2484:S2CID
2420:. In
2339:S2CID
2156:. In
1630:Tiran
1503:37–42
1475:12–18
1266:gusan
1219:Tiran
1157:Bible
834:(see
730:Syria
622:) in
298:Urumu
101:JSTOR
87:books
2682:Wars
2430:ISBN
2403:ISBN
2380:ISBN
2358:ISBN
2322:Klio
2302:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2216:ISBN
2194:ISBN
2166:ISBN
2139:ISBN
2113:ISBN
1199:and
1147:The
824:Nero
753:Zeno
673:and
648:Rome
608:The
73:news
2653:Art
2635:Zik
2476:doi
2331:doi
1649:Pap
1449:of
1341:Ani
1302:).
1203:'s
1122:by
1052:in
913:by
685:in
681:by
669:by
665:to
201:428
56:by
2873::
2482:.
2472:84
2470:.
2450:.
2401:.
2337:.
2327:98
2325:.
2319:.
2244:.
2240:.
2137:.
1935:^
1920:^
1853:^
1706:^
1487:35
1463:c.
1387:.
1280:r.
1171:,
971:.
771:,
687:c.
570:•
566:•
167:12
2518:e
2511:t
2504:v
2490:.
2478::
2438:.
2411:.
2388:.
2366:.
2345:.
2333::
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2286:.
2254:.
2224:.
2202:.
2174:.
2147:.
2121:.
1604:(
1528:(
1512:(
1493:(
1405:(
1277:(
1126:.
616:(
597:e
590:t
583:v
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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