1558:
594:
1265:
40:
587:
1155:, so could provide a naturally occurring way for bees to withstand the burden of disease which has been reported to be a contributing factor in pollinator declines. The compound is glycosylated to an inactive form unedone-8-O-glycoside once consumed by the bee (perhaps to reduce any toxic effects against the bee) then transformed back to the active aglycone by the bee's microbiome in the hindgut where the parasite is most prevalent and damaging - suggesting that the microbiome assists in the anti-parasitic process.
580:
608:
84:
1029:
601:
227:
5965:
59:
1374:
1584:
1445:
5954:
4285:
4438:
2791:
The analysed fruits contain very useful bioactive phytochemicals such as phenolics, vitamins (ascorbic acid and tocopherols) and carotenoids The combination of bioactive compounds and rich nutritional composition (high contents in carbohydrates, low contents in fat with the precious contribution of
2662:
In the case of A. unedo, most prior studies found very low germination percentages, varying between 0 and 5 % (Smiris et al. 2006: 0 %; Demirsoy et al. 2010:1–3 %; Tilki 2004: 4 %; Ertekın and Kırdar 2010: 5 %). Hammami et al. (2005), however, obtained a considerably better
3104:
A. unedo may contribute to the discontinuity of the forest biomass due to monocultures of pines and eucalyptus, particularly in the centre and north regions of
Portugal, a situation responsible for the high number of fires and high fire intensity that all summers occur in these areas of the
2893:
Mariotto, S.; Ciampa, A. R.; de Prati, A. Carcereri; Darra, E.; Vincenzi, S.; Sega, M.; Cavalieri, E.; Shoji, K.; Suzuki, H. (2008). "Aqueous extract of
Arbutus unedo inhibits STAT1 activation in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and human fibroblasts through SHP2 activation".
571:), inheriting traits of both parent species, though fruits are not usually borne freely, and as a hybrid is unlikely to breed true from seed. It is sold in California as Arbutus x Marina named for a district in San Francisco where it was hybridized.
1409:: "Contented with food that grew without cultivation, they collected mountain strawberries and the fruit of the strawberry tree, wild cherries, blackberries clinging to the tough brambles, and acorns fallen from Jupiter's spreading oak-tree."
1243:
The tree is also grown as an ornamental plant, because of its nice-looking and -smelling flowers and fruit and their interesting presence on the plant at the same time, and because it is an evergreen. It is used as a single or multi-trunked
2772:
Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Morais, Jorge Sá; Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R. (1 May 2010). "Strawberry-tree, blackthorn and rose fruits: Detailed characterisation in nutrients and phytochemicals with antioxidant properties".
1014:
Layering can take up to two years, but has a good success rate, while cutting is done with a 15–20 cm (6–8 in) long mature wood, preferably with a heel in
November to December. The success rate however is not very high.
2952:
Ioannis
Erkekoglou; Nikolaos Nenadis; Efrosini Samara; Fani Th. Mantzouridou (June 2017). "Functional Teas from the Leaves of Arbutus unedo: Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Detection of Efficient Radical Scavengers".
2759:
Arbutus berry appears to be a good source of vitamins, namely niacin, ascorbic acid and β -carotene (content of 9.1, 346.3 and 70.9 mg/100 g, respectively), organic acids (nearly 9%), total sugars (c. 42%) and tannins (1.75 mg
2431:
Navarro García, Alejandra; Del Pilar Bañón Árias, Sebastián; Morte, Asunción; Sánchez-Blanco, María Jesús (2010). "Effects of nursery preconditioning through mycorrhizal inoculation and drought in
Arbutus unedo L. plants".
1208:(can regrow after a fire), and being a pioneer plant can contribute to the discontinuity of fire-prone pines and eucalyptus monocultures; for the same reasons it is a good candidate for reforestation in Mediterranean areas.
707:
in shape with a rough surface. It matures in about 12 months, in autumn, at the same time as the next flowering. It is edible; the fruit is sweet when reddish. Seeds are small, brown and angular and are often
928:
The fruit production is not very high and is highly variable on the weather, and that may be part of the reason this plant is not frequently cultivated. The average yield in a two years study is around 46
2741:
Alarcão-E-Silva, M. L. C. M. M.; Leitão, A. E. B.; Azinheira, H. G.; Leitão, M. C. A. (1 February 2001). "The
Arbutus Berry: Studies on its Color and Chemical Characteristics at Two Mature Stages".
1149:
The nectar contains the isoprenoid unedone (2-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-4,4,8-trimethyl-1-oxaspirooct-7-en-6-one) which is biologically active against a common and debilitating parasite of bumble bees,
1424:, derives from the Greek name κόμαρος (komaròs) indicating the strawberry tree which is common on the slopes of the mountain. Mount Conero, the only coastal high point on the Adriatic sea between
2996:
Mendes, Lídia; de
Freitas, Victor; Baptista, Paula; Carvalho, Márcia (2011). "Comparative antihemolytic and radical scavenging activities of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) leaf and fruit".
2404:
Navarro, A.; Sánchez-Blanco, M. J.; Morte, A.; Bañón, S. (1 September 2009). "The influence of mycorrhizal inoculation and paclobutrazol on water and nutritional status of
Arbutus unedo L.".
1135:
said to have the following properties: astringent, diuretic, urinary anti-septic, antiseptic, intoxicant, rheumatism, tonic, and more recently, in the therapy of hypertension and diabetes.
1286:
The first evidence of its importation into northern
European gardens was to 16th-century England from Ireland. In 1586 a correspondent in Ireland sent plants to the Elizabethan courtiers
733:", meaning "I eat only one". It is not known whether he meant that the fruit was so good he could eat only one, or whether he meant that the fruit was uninteresting so he ate only one.
2258:
As long as you have made sure that it has regular watering for the first year so that the tree can form a strong root, it will be drought resistant. It can also grow in salty areas.
2302:
The number of fruits per branch appeared to be affected by frost risk at flowering time. The number of fruits per branch appeared to be affected by frost risk at flowering time.
1836:
881:
is naturally adapted to dry summer climates, and has become a very popular ornamental plant in
California and the rest of the west coast of North America. It can grow easily in
4157:
4171:
1279:, when it was called Andrachne, and for which Theophrastos (4th c. BCE) wrote about it, as well as the ancient army medical herbalist Pedanios Dioscorides ; in addition,
1068:(nearly 9%). They are edible fresh, but that is an uncommon consumption, especially because the mature fruit tends to bruise very easily, making transportation difficult.
4199:
4185:
4178:
4143:
4192:
4164:
875:
Lower production of fruit mass has however been reported in case of summer droughts, and frosts in flowering time were seen to decrease the numbers of fruits.
3133:
The species is drought tolerant and able to regenerate following forestry fires making it quite interesting for forestation programs in Mediterranean regions.
1966:
868:
is quite an easy plant to cultivate, and is adaptable to many climates. Once established it is fairly drought resistant, frost resistant, shade tolerant and
1008:
period, then soaked for 5 to 6 days in warm water to improve germination success. Seedlings are prone to damp, and should be cared for in the first year.
4273:
1557:
842:, a small assemblage of plants native to Iberia and South-Western Ireland, but generally absent from Britain. Recent genetic studies have suggested that
2691:"Comparative study of polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity in fruits of Arbutus unedo, A. andrachne and their natural hybrid A.× andrachnoides"
1179:
can have many purposes. While the ornamental one is the most common, this can be a valuable plant also for restoring degraded ecosystems and preventing
4305:
1314:: "one very fayre tree, called the Irish arbutis standing in the midle parte of the sayd kitchin garden, very lovely to look upon" By the 18th century
838:, with isolated relict populations in southern and western Ireland in addition to its Mediterranean range. It is commonly cited as an example of the
3349:
various authors - Guida pratica agli alberi e arbusti in Italia; Biblioteca per chi ama la natura - Selezione dal Reader's Digest Milano 1983, 1991.
1322:
to make the bold and impractical suggestion that it might be used for hedges, though it "will not admit of being clipped as other evergreens are".
617:
grows to 4–7 m (13–23 ft) tall, rarely up to 15 m (50 ft), with a trunk diameter of up to 80 cm (31 in). It grows in
1858:
6195:
5024:
4116:
3601:
305:
3404:
2936:
2858:
Tuberoso, CI; Bifulco, E; Caboni, P; Cottiglia, F; Cabras, P; Floris, I (2010). "Floral markers of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honey".
1910:
6260:
5056:
3362:, deposed after death on branches of a strawberry tree, to the Italian martyrs wrapped up, during the burial ceremonies, in the Italian flag.
2807:
Bonet, M. Angels; Vallès, Joan (2002). "Use of non-crop food vascular plants in Montseny biosphere reserve (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula)".
2541:"Seed Germination of Arbutus unedo, A. andrachne and Their Natural Hybrid A. andrachnoides in Relation to Temperature and Period of Storage"
6461:
5687:
5039:
1828:
6096:
5651:
4581:
6368:
677: in) in diameter, and flower from a reddish hanging panicle in autumn. They are pollinated by bees, and have a mild sweet scent.
6556:
5785:
2792:
polyunsaturated fatty acids, precursors of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids) of the studied wild fruits make them a very special food.
2377:
Celikel, Gulay; Demirsoy, Leyla; Demirsoy, Husnu (16 September 2008). "The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) selection in Turkey".
888:
It also grows well in the cool, wet summers of western Ireland and England, and temperate regions of Europe and Asia. Pests include
6278:
6143:
5692:
3388:
4251:
449:
Its presence in Ireland also lends it the name "Irish strawberry tree", or cain, or cane apple (from the Irish name for the tree,
6486:
6208:
6156:
5257:
4266:
3148:
Strategies for the improvement of Arbutus unedo L. (strawberry tree): in vitro propagation, mycorrhization and diversity analysis
3120:
Strategies for the improvement of Arbutus unedo L. (strawberry tree): in vitro propagation, mycorrhization and diversity analysis
3091:
Strategies for the improvement of Arbutus unedo L. (strawberry tree): in vitro propagation, mycorrhization and diversity analysis
2187:
2178:
6296:
4469:
6239:
5935:
5098:
3436:
624:
The leaves are green and glossy on the upper side, dull on the underside, 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long and 3–4 cm (1–
6347:
1781:
6496:
6213:
5732:
5007:
4815:
1287:
5061:
4924:
4315:
937:, and 180 grams per cubic metre of crown. However, very little work has so far been done in terms of genotype selection.
6546:
6130:
6091:
5780:
5365:
4992:
4825:
4586:
4259:
6491:
5012:
4987:
4830:
3318:
2210:"Is the Strawberry Tree, Arbutus unedo (Ericaceae), native to Ireland, or was it brought by the first copper miners?"
3329:
Braccesi L., & Luni M. (Eds.). I greci in Adriatico, 2 (Hesperìa, Vol. 18). L'Erma Di Bretschneider, 2004, p.54
1647:
tree. The image appears on city crests, taxi cabs, man-hole covers, and other city infrastructure. The fruit of the
6526:
6511:
6506:
6425:
5384:
4665:
4551:
1005:
20:
6265:
6531:
6182:
5508:
5420:
5267:
5262:
5093:
4961:
3039:
Koch, H; Welcome, V; Kendal-Smith, A; Thursfield, L; Farrell, IW; Langat, MK; Brown, MJF; Stevenson, PC (2022).
2540:
6476:
6420:
6301:
5456:
5044:
4521:
4407:
4219:
3334:
2628:
in all three provenances seed germinability was significantly improved by a one-month period of CS or treatment
1604:
1565:
6386:
6247:
5707:
5538:
5425:
4956:
4951:
3041:"Host and gut microbiome modulate the antiparasitic activity of nectar metabolites in a bumblebee pollinator"
2336:
Molina, María; Pardo-De-Santayana, Manuel; Aceituno, Laura; Morales, Ramón; Tardío, Javier (1 October 2011).
2270:
Molina, María; Pardo-De-Santayana, Manuel; Aceituno, Laura; Morales, Ramón; Tardío, Javier (1 October 2011).
2183:
295:
2689:
Bertsouklis, Konstantinos F.; Daskalakis, Ioannis; Biniari, Katerina; Papafotiou, Maria (15 February 2021).
2483:
1911:"Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Arbutoideae (Ericaceae): Implications for the Madrean-Tethyan Hypothesis"
6541:
5466:
5405:
5390:
5242:
5103:
4556:
4150:
3902:
3839:
2032:
1183:. Being a pioneer plant and growing well also in poor soils, it can be used in a wide array of situations.
6057:
3358:
Giovanni Pascoli, in the autograph note to his poem "Il corbezzolo" ("The strawberry tree"), compared the
2513:
1271:
Its Mediterranean habitat, elegant details of leaf and habit and dramatic show of fruit with flowers made
6394:
6042:
5810:
5528:
5374:
5156:
5066:
4966:
4852:
4820:
4505:
4078:
4071:
4049:
3986:
3979:
3895:
3769:
3706:
3671:
1498:, was posed on branches of a strawberry tree. He saw in the colours of that plant a prefiguration of the
1353:
1295:
972:
2580:
Pipinis, Elias; Stampoulidis, Athanasios; Milios, Elias; Kitikidou, Kyriaki; Radoglou, Kalliopi (2017).
6381:
5865:
5493:
5313:
5220:
5193:
5128:
5002:
4536:
4462:
4136:
4014:
3944:
3923:
3664:
1651:
tree ferments on the tree if left to ripen, so some of the bears become drunk from eating the fruits.
953:
has shown to greatly improve the plant's root mass, size, tolerance to drought and nutritional status.
6161:
2951:
2169:
6516:
6501:
6481:
6288:
6234:
5895:
5661:
5584:
5548:
4566:
4531:
4526:
4402:
4341:
4310:
4289:
3958:
3909:
3853:
3832:
3811:
3804:
3727:
3650:
3595:
3581:
3429:
1468:
1307:
3296:
2690:
2129:
1981:
1707:
83:
6551:
6471:
5910:
5900:
5880:
5850:
5805:
5503:
5345:
5277:
5247:
5227:
5108:
4784:
4749:
4546:
4281:
4085:
4000:
3993:
3972:
3937:
3916:
3874:
3860:
3846:
3825:
3818:
3713:
3699:
3685:
3657:
3588:
2209:
1949:
1264:
593:
39:
3164:
contributes to maintain biodiversity, helps to stabilize soils and survives well in marginal lands
2242:
1311:
1240:. Since it does not usually grow straight, it is not well suited for construction or similar uses.
6373:
6083:
6023:
5790:
5553:
5410:
5380:
5355:
5272:
5232:
5171:
5070:
4835:
4805:
4382:
4042:
3965:
3930:
3888:
3776:
3734:
2582:"Effects of Cold Stratification and Ga3 on Germination Ofarbutus Unedoseeds of Three Provenances"
1643:. In the center of the city (Puerta del Sol) there is a statue of a bear eating the fruit of the
1491:
1211:
The dense foliage throughout the year can be a shelter for insects and small animals during the
1191:
are a significant source of nectar and pollen for bees, while the fruits are food for the birds.
6536:
6200:
5985:
5488:
5476:
5252:
5237:
4929:
4571:
4377:
4332:
4021:
4007:
3951:
3881:
3867:
3783:
3755:
3720:
3692:
3266:
1628:
1594:
1291:
434:. The tree is well known for its fruits, the arbutus berry, which bear some resemblance to the
1283:
thought it should not be planted where bees are kept, for the bitterness it imparts to honey.
1146:, best extracted with a decoction, and together with the fruits are a source of antioxidants.
5795:
5722:
5702:
5616:
5565:
5323:
5303:
5113:
4707:
4675:
4561:
4541:
4455:
4366:
4346:
3748:
3741:
3678:
3643:
3372:
1960:
1613:
1574:
1357:
1168:
976:
949:
835:
200:
6327:
6226:
2060:
Molina, M.; Pardo-De-Santayana, M.; Aceituno, L.; Morales, R.; Tardio, J. (1 October 2011).
6104:
5646:
5461:
5350:
5328:
4982:
4880:
4764:
4632:
3762:
3520:
3506:
3422:
1895:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus I. Holmiae (Stockholm), Sweden: Laurentii Salvii. p. 395.
1730:
1205:
465:
because of its green leaves, its white flowers and its red berries, colors that recall the
3409:
2314:
2151:
1755:
8:
5930:
5920:
5875:
5641:
5606:
5601:
5318:
4939:
4875:
4795:
4300:
3478:
3240:
3211:
1472:
1276:
1072:
882:
529:
518:
427:
48:
6360:
6433:
5905:
5890:
5870:
5727:
5668:
5621:
5543:
5400:
5370:
5360:
5335:
5308:
5215:
5208:
5144:
4900:
4895:
4612:
4422:
4351:
4239:
4230:
3541:
3527:
3485:
3414:
3284:
3065:
3040:
2978:
2840:
2720:
2614:
2581:
2465:
1941:
1933:
1807:
1617:
1065:
801:
274:
78:
2430:
1684:
6322:
6065:
5855:
5845:
5717:
5631:
5596:
5523:
5513:
5291:
5161:
5075:
4905:
4885:
4859:
4847:
4642:
4637:
4622:
4617:
4602:
3499:
3492:
3471:
3464:
3330:
3314:
3118:
3089:
3070:
3021:
3013:
2970:
2919:
2911:
2875:
2832:
2824:
2724:
2712:
2641:
2619:
2601:
2562:
2457:
2449:
2359:
2293:
2083:
2003:
1098:
1053:
986:
523:
490:
2844:
2469:
2417:
1945:
438:, hence the common name strawberry tree. However, it is not closely related to true
6466:
6438:
5925:
5747:
5697:
5678:
5673:
5626:
5533:
5471:
5451:
5439:
5395:
5198:
5178:
5166:
5029:
4910:
4627:
4490:
4482:
4372:
4322:
4210:
3060:
3052:
3005:
2962:
2903:
2867:
2816:
2786:
2782:
2750:
2702:
2609:
2593:
2552:
2441:
2413:
2386:
2349:
2283:
2221:
2109:
2073:
1993:
1925:
1702:
1609:
1570:
1483:
1463:
1455:
1448:
1326:
1164:
918:
839:
544:
6070:
6034:
4997:
2982:
2390:
2128:
1908:
1436:, has assisted navigators in sailing across the Adriatic sea since ancient times.
1395:) and indicates the strawberry tree which is common on the slopes of the mountain.
6521:
6309:
6047:
5835:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5712:
5636:
5498:
5017:
4915:
4800:
4700:
4607:
4392:
4327:
4127:
3513:
2124:
2104:
1280:
1245:
1180:
1151:
998:
726:
650:
470:
121:
6399:
6252:
1829:"Il corbezzolo simbolo dell'Unità d'Italia. Una specie che resiste agli incendi"
6355:
5968:
5915:
5885:
5830:
5737:
5611:
5558:
5518:
5188:
5183:
5034:
4934:
4890:
4842:
4790:
4744:
4712:
4670:
4647:
4387:
4109:
3552:
3146:
2907:
2338:"Fruit production of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) in two Spanish forests"
2272:"Fruit production of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) in two Spanish forests"
2062:"Fruit production of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) in two Spanish forests"
1929:
1381:
1109:
709:
618:
579:
431:
108:
3009:
2966:
2937:
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases: Ethnobotanical uses of
2820:
2675:
2557:
2445:
2354:
2337:
2288:
2271:
2078:
2061:
6455:
6221:
6135:
6008:
5840:
5481:
5051:
4739:
4717:
4576:
4361:
4337:
3038:
3017:
2915:
2828:
2716:
2605:
2597:
2566:
2453:
2363:
2297:
2226:
2087:
2039:
2007:
1886:
1693:
1499:
1476:
1405:
1319:
1128:
1049:
1028:
957:
907:
869:
854:
498:
485:
458:
216:
68:
63:
1982:"Morphometric and Molecular Analysis of the Three Arbutus Species of Greece"
680:
Twigs are reddish-brown and abundantly foliose, and often have small hairs.
6412:
6337:
5958:
5765:
5570:
5340:
4944:
4810:
4759:
4734:
4397:
3074:
3056:
3025:
2974:
2923:
2879:
2836:
2754:
2623:
2461:
1890:
1421:
1413:
1377:
1237:
1172:
902:
889:
607:
586:
510:
466:
6314:
3396:
2707:
1998:
6169:
6017:
5860:
5800:
5770:
5123:
4754:
4412:
3446:
1660:
1219:
1057:
1041:
897:
713:
654:
263:
1980:
Bertsouklis, Konstantinos Fotios; Papafotiou, Maria (14 December 2016).
600:
6148:
5118:
4727:
4417:
2586:
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines
2335:
2269:
2137:
2117:
2059:
1937:
1859:"Il fiore nazionale dell'Italia (e quello degli altri Paesi del mondo)"
1479:(green for its leaves, white for its flowers and red for its berries).
1330:
944:
785:
439:
435:
3144:
3116:
3087:
2871:
2688:
1373:
226:
6174:
6117:
1233:
1195:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1045:
643:
639:
454:
423:
167:
5979:
2740:
2092:
Many frugivorous birds and several mammals feed on its fleshy fruits
1198:, make it a good choice for wind barriers in lands close to the sea.
6407:
6273:
6002:
5775:
5760:
5755:
5656:
4690:
4685:
4356:
3405:
Very wide-spacing article with many reference published on Forestry
1583:
1444:
1077:
994:
968:
821:
777:
745:
157:
147:
134:
6187:
6122:
2579:
1306:
in English gardens is reflected in the inventory taken in 1649 of
1232:
The wood is quite hard and well suited for a various uses such as
846:
may not be truly native in Ireland, but a Neolithic introduction.
6078:
4722:
4447:
4100:
3455:
3199:
American Gardens in the Eighteenth Century: 'For Use or Delight'
2642:"Propagation of the Strawberry Tree Through Seed (Arbutus unedo)"
1429:
1425:
1188:
1082:
1061:
934:
922:
825:
817:
809:
781:
769:
761:
757:
177:
4437:
2995:
2539:
Bertsouklis, Konstantinos F.; Papafotiou, Maria (1 March 2013).
1302:, 1548) was probably based on hearsay. The Irish association of
6109:
5415:
3373:
Fantastic metamorphoses, other worlds: ways of telling the self
3359:
2403:
2208:
Skeffington, Micheline Sheehy; Scott, Nick (30 December 2021).
2108:
1909:
Hileman, Lena C.; Vasey, Michael C.; Parker, V. Thomas (2001).
1636:
1495:
1487:
1433:
1417:
1212:
1037:
893:
805:
797:
793:
789:
753:
704:
2857:
4695:
4478:
1640:
1252:
1249:
1113:
1086:
813:
773:
765:
749:
462:
95:
2771:
533:
and not to the western North American members of the genus.
5203:
4680:
2892:
2640:
Hammami, I.; Jellal, M.; Ksontini, M.; Rejeb, M.N. (2005).
1676:
1400:
990:
3154:. Departamento de Ciências da Vida Universidade de Coimbra
3123:. Departamento de Ciências da Vida Universidade de Coimbra
3094:. Departamento de Ciências da Vida Universidade de Coimbra
2639:
1486:
dedicated a poem to the strawberry tree. He refers to the
16:
Species of flowering plant in the heather family Ericaceae
1897:
caule erecto, foliis glabris serratis, baccis polyspermis
1863:
857:
in 1785, was discovered growing wild in Ireland in 1835.
3444:
1138:
The leaves are reported to have a high concentration of
2376:
1475:, because with its autumn colors is reminiscent of the
930:
3399:
about uses of this tree in Welsh and Irish witchcraft
2538:
1979:
1682:
1071:
They are used mostly for jam, marmalades, yogurt and
2809:
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
543:
hybridise naturally where their ranges overlap; the
422:, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family
4962:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
3392:— Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California
1635:, The Bear and the Strawberry Tree) of the city of
1390:
1116:is bitter tasting but still considered a delicacy.
925:, even though it does better in more acidic soils.
3570:
2646:International Journal of Agriculture & Biology
2103:
3045:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
1965:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
6453:
2695:Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
2207:
1986:Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
1731:"Fruits & Vegetables: Strawberry Tree Fruit"
1101:), whence comes the name of the drink, which is
3145:Maria Filomena Figueiredo Nazaré Gomes (2011).
3117:Maria Filomena Figueiredo Nazaré Gomes (2011).
3088:Maria Filomena Figueiredo Nazaré Gomes (2011).
1708:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T202930A68076133.en
1127:s leaves have been employed in traditional and
1885:
744:is widespread in the Mediterranean region: in
4463:
4267:
3430:
3271:. Vol. Book I. Translated by A. S. Kline
2116:(in Latin). Liber XV. XXVIII, 99 – via
1823:
1821:
1318:was well known enough in English gardens for
1194:Its salt tolerance, coupled with it being an
457:strawberry tree". The strawberry tree is the
1403:, in Book I: 89–112 "The Golden Age" of his
1263:
606:
599:
592:
585:
578:
2806:
2123:
1384:
1222:can help in the soil stabilization process.
1081:, a type of strong brandy. Many regions of
1060:, and organic acids that are precursors to
494:, giving it the name it still bears today.
469:. The flower of the strawberry tree is the
4470:
4456:
4274:
4260:
3437:
3423:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
1818:
1011:Germination rate is low, rarely over 20%.
225:
57:
38:
3064:
2706:
2613:
2556:
2353:
2287:
2240:
2225:
2077:
1997:
1706:
1624:– "The Painting of the Strawberry Tree".
1416:, situated directly south of the port of
497:A study published in 2001 which analyzed
484:was one of the many species described by
3176:
3174:
3172:
2802:
2800:
2743:Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
1577:as "The Picture of the Strawberry Tree".
1443:
1372:
1027:
683:The fruit is a red berry, 7–20 mm (
488:in Volume One of his landmark 1753 work
3313:, volume II, p. 261, Edagricole, 1982.
2736:
2734:
2188:United States Department of Agriculture
2179:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2136:. Vol. XV. XXVIII, 99 – via
2014:
1728:
1036:Arbutus berries have a high content of
6454:
2506:
2230:– via britishandirishbotany.org.
1902:
816:. It is also found in western France,
5984:
5983:
4451:
4255:
3418:
3169:
2797:
2406:Environmental and Experimental Botany
1536:Oh green Italian tree, your May month
1516:O verde albero italico, il tuo maggio
1462:
6426:96298485-4b5b-4255-9a4d-fa544aecb29d
6289:3b25288e-b0e8-43e4-9665-eaa3a25d7b1a
5008:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
4316:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy
3375:. Oxford University Press, 2002. 70.
2731:
2676:"Arbutus unedo, The Strawberry Tree"
1593:(strawberry tree) are the symbol of
1467:) began to be considered one of the
1399:The tree is mentioned by Roman poet
1380:, Italy, whose name is derived from
1158:
1004:The seed should undergo a one-month
6462:IUCN Red List least concern species
2156:Eat The Weeds and other things, too
1694:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1518:è nella bruma: s'anche tutto muora,
1412:The name of the Italian promontory
517:to be closely related to the other
13:
4477:
4311:History of the Altare della Patria
1839:from the original on 24 April 2013
1538:is in the mist: if everything die,
1520:tu il giovanile gonfalon selvaggio
1368:
1119:
14:
6568:
3382:
3182:Garden Shrubs and Their Histories
1762:. The Royal Horticultural Society
1756:"Arbutus unedo | strawberry tree"
1255:in gardens and public landscapes.
6557:Flora of the Mediterranean Basin
6387:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326526-1
5964:
5963:
5952:
4436:
4306:Architectural and artistic works
4283:
3264:
1683:Khela, S.; Rivers, M.C. (2017).
1582:
1556:
1502:and considered Pallas the first
1471:in the 19th century, during the
1363:
1023:
849:The red-flowered variant, named
82:
21:Strawberry tree (disambiguation)
19:For other strawberry trees, see
5693:Orders, decorations, and medals
3365:
3352:
3340:
3323:
3303:
3258:
3233:
3204:
3191:
3138:
3110:
3081:
3032:
2989:
2955:Plant Foods for Human Nutrition
2945:
2930:
2886:
2851:
2765:
2682:
2668:
2633:
2573:
2532:
2476:
2424:
2418:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.04.005
2397:
2370:
2329:
2307:
2263:
2243:"Strawberry tree-Arbutus unedo"
2234:
2201:
2162:
2144:
2097:
2053:
1973:
947:relationship. Inoculation with
736:
653:flowers are white (yellow when
6487:Trees of Mediterranean climate
4408:Presidential standard of Italy
4220:Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia
2787:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.016
1932:(inactive 12 September 2024).
1879:
1851:
1835:(in Italian). 3 October 2011.
1800:
1774:
1748:
1722:
1627:The tree makes up part of the
1605:The Garden of Earthly Delights
1566:The Garden of Earthly Delights
1108:The flowers are pollinated by
1089:from the fruits of the plant (
1085:prepare the traditional drink
981:
956:In cultivation in the UK, the
913:Unlike most of the Ericaceae,
860:
729:, who allegedly claimed that "
574:
1:
2520:. Royal Horticultural Society
2494:. Royal Horticultural Society
2391:10.1016/j.scienta.2008.05.028
2184:Agricultural Research Service
1669:
1540:you, the youthful wild banner
1226:
657:), bell-shaped, 7–8 mm (
4151:Comarostaphylis diversifolia
3903:Arctostaphylos montereyensis
3840:Arctostaphylos confertiflora
2998:Food and Chemical Toxicology
1294:. An earlier description by
971:'Atlantic' have gained the
262:Introduced and naturalized (
7:
6497:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
5733:Water supply and sanitation
5157:Italian geographical region
5025:Monarchy and the World Wars
4967:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
4853:War of the Sicilian Vespers
4506:Timeline of Italian history
4158:Comarostaphylis glaucescens
4079:Arctostaphylos gabilanensis
4072:Arctostaphylos rainbowensis
4050:Arctostaphylos peninsularis
3987:Arctostaphylos regismontana
3980:Arctostaphylos refugioensis
3896:Arctostaphylos montaraensis
3770:Arctostaphylos stanfordiana
3707:Arctostaphylos klamathensis
3672:Arctostaphylos gabrielensis
3410:Plants for a Future website
1788:. Missouri Botanical Garden
1654:
1612:, was originally listed by
1542:unfold to the northern wind
1391:
1354:Royal Horticultural Society
973:Royal Horticultural Society
476:
10:
6573:
5652:Inventions and discoveries
5062:Fall of the Fascist regime
5045:Fourth War of Independence
5003:Expedition of the Thousand
4993:Second War of Independence
4172:Comarostaphylis longifolia
4137:Comarostaphylis arbutoides
4015:Arctostaphylos viridissima
3945:Arctostaphylos pajaroensis
3924:Arctostaphylos obispoensis
3665:Arctostaphylos franciscana
3180:Quoted in Alice M. Coats,
2908:10.2174/157340608784325179
2348:(4): 419–429, tables 1–4.
2214:British & Irish Botany
1930:10.1043/0363-6445-26.1.131
1812:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
1259:
387:(Lodd.) Cels ex Hoffmanns.
18:
6547:National symbols of Italy
5992:
5948:
5746:
5592:
5583:
5447:
5438:
5426:Security and intelligence
5299:
5290:
5152:
5143:
5086:
5013:Third War of Independence
4988:First War of Independence
4975:
4868:
4777:
4658:
4595:
4514:
4498:
4489:
4434:
4403:National colours of Italy
4342:Flags of Napoleonic Italy
4296:
4290:National symbols of Italy
4229:
4209:
4200:Comarostaphylis spinulosa
4186:Comarostaphylis polifolia
4179:Comarostaphylis mucronata
4126:
4099:
4063:
4031:
3959:Arctostaphylos pechoensis
3910:Arctostaphylos morroensis
3854:Arctostaphylos glandulosa
3833:Arctostaphylos columbiana
3812:Arctostaphylos auriculata
3805:Arctostaphylos andersonii
3793:
3728:Arctostaphylos nevadensis
3651:Arctostaphylos densiflora
3632:
3622:
3603:Arctostaphylos nummularia
3596:Arctostaphylos nummularia
3582:Arctostaphylos myrtifolia
3560:
3551:
3454:
3397:House Shadow Drake's page
3010:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.028
2967:10.1007/s11130-017-0607-4
2821:10.1080/09637480220132841
2558:10.21273/HORTSCI.48.3.347
2446:10.1007/s00572-010-0310-x
1482:For this reason the poet
1469:national symbols of Italy
1385:
1142:antioxidants, especially
1075:, such as the Portuguese
505:and related genera found
280:
273:
233:
224:
206:
199:
79:Scientific classification
77:
55:
46:
37:
30:
6492:Plants described in 1753
5104:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
5099:Institutional referendum
4144:Comarostaphylis discolor
4086:Arctostaphylos ohloneana
4001:Arctostaphylos tomentosa
3994:Arctostaphylos silvicola
3973:Arctostaphylos purissima
3938:Arctostaphylos otayensis
3917:Arctostaphylos nortensis
3875:Arctostaphylos imbricata
3861:Arctostaphylos glutinosa
3847:Arctostaphylos cruzensis
3826:Arctostaphylos catalinae
3819:Arctostaphylos canescens
3714:Arctostaphylos manzanita
3700:Arctostaphylos insularis
3686:Arctostaphylos hispidula
3658:Arctostaphylos edmundsii
3589:Arctostaphylos nissenana
2598:10.21010/ajtcam.v14i1.34
2241:Richins Myers, Vanessa.
2227:10.33928/bib.2021.03.385
1547:
1439:
1432:massif in the region of
943:has been seen to form a
6527:Drought-tolerant plants
6512:Garden plants of Europe
6507:Garden plants of Africa
5627:Emigration and diaspora
4836:Guelphs and Ghibellines
4821:the Sardinian Judicates
4383:Il Canto degli Italiani
4193:Comarostaphylis sharpii
4043:Arctostaphylos pringlei
3966:Arctostaphylos pilosula
3931:Arctostaphylos osoensis
3889:Arctostaphylos malloryi
3777:Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
3735:Arctostaphylos parryana
3243:Arbutus x andrachnoides
2355:10.1093/forestry/cpr031
2289:10.1093/forestry/cpr031
2152:"Strawberry Tree Curse"
2079:10.1093/forestry/cpr031
1729:Rydelek, Jared (2014).
1329:lists the plant in his
1248:, and as a specimen or
1018:
896:, and diseases include
834:has been noted for its
642:and with a serrated or
6532:Drought-tolerant trees
5509:Science and technology
5457:Italian regions by GDP
5258:Marine protected areas
4930:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
4333:Festa della Repubblica
4165:Comarostaphylis lanata
4022:Arctostaphylos wellsii
4008:Arctostaphylos virgata
3952:Arctostaphylos pallida
3882:Arctostaphylos luciana
3868:Arctostaphylos hooveri
3784:Arctostaphylos viscida
3756:Arctostaphylos pungens
3721:Arctostaphylos mewukka
3693:Arctostaphylos hookeri
3241:"RHS Plant Selector -
3212:"RHS Plant Selector -
3057:10.1098/rstb.2021.0162
2755:10.1006/jfca.2000.0962
2678:. Plants For a Future.
2379:Scientia Horticulturae
2105:Gaius Plinius Secundus
1701:: e.T202930A68076133.
1629:Coat of arms of Madrid
1622:La Pintura del Madroño
1616:, in the inventory of
1544:
1530:
1506:. Pascoli's ode says:
1464:[korˈbettsolo]
1459:
1451:
1396:
1325:In the United States,
1292:Sir Francis Walsingham
1268:
1033:
611:
604:
597:
590:
583:
6477:Flora of North Africa
5708:Public administration
4816:the Holy Roman Empire
4367:Tricolour Flag Museum
4347:List of Italian flags
3749:Arctostaphylos pumila
3742:Arctostaphylos patula
3679:Arctostaphylos glauca
3644:Arctostaphylos bakeri
2708:10.15835/nbha49112165
1999:10.15835/nbha44210572
1534:
1514:
1504:national cause martyr
1454:The strawberry tree (
1447:
1376:
1358:Award of Garden Merit
1267:
1169:ecosystem restoration
1031:
977:Award of Garden Merit
950:Pisolithus tinctorius
836:disjunct distribution
610:
603:
596:
589:
582:
5936:World Heritage Sites
5391:Council of Ministers
5129:Coronavirus pandemic
4527:Currency and coinage
3763:Arctostaphylos rudis
3521:Arbutus peninsularis
3507:Arbutus occidentalis
2315:"Arbutus unedo - L."
1112:, and the resulting
703: in) diameter,
418:, commonly known as
392:Arbutus serratifolia
368:Arbutus nothocomaros
336:Arbutus integrifolia
312:Arbutus cassinifolia
6542:Melliferous flowers
5467:Automotive industry
5406:Metropolitan cities
4952:Early Modern period
4925:Kingdom of Sardinia
4876:Italian city-states
4301:Altare della Patria
3479:Arbutus canariensis
2896:Medicinal Chemistry
2663:result (19 %).
2514:"RHS Plantfinder -
2317:Plants For a Future
1633:El oso y el madroño
1473:Italian unification
1300:The Names of Herbes
1296:Rev. William Turner
1277:Classical Antiquity
1073:alcoholic beverages
1066:omega-6 fatty acids
1006:cold stratification
883:USDA hardiness zone
519:Mediterranean Basin
428:Mediterranean Basin
384:Arbutus salicifolia
360:Arbutus microphylla
49:Conservation status
5529:Telecommunications
4896:Maritime republics
4352:Sala del Tricolore
4240:Xylococcus bicolor
3542:Arbutus xalapensis
3528:Arbutus tessellata
3486:Arbutus glandulosa
3051:(1853): 20210164.
2111:Naturalis Historia
1452:
1397:
1352:, have gained the
1269:
1034:
772:, and eastward in
612:
605:
598:
591:
584:
376:Arbutus procumbens
352:Arbutus laurifolia
344:Arbutus intermedia
6449:
6448:
6323:Open Tree of Life
5986:Taxon identifiers
5977:
5976:
5944:
5943:
5579:
5578:
5514:Southern question
5434:
5433:
5366:Political parties
5314:Foreign relations
5286:
5285:
5139:
5138:
4860:Kingdom of Naples
4848:Kingdom of Sicily
4445:
4444:
4249:
4248:
4095:
4094:
4059:
4058:
3618:
3617:
3500:Arbutus menziesii
3493:Arbutus madrensis
3472:Arbutus arizonica
3465:Arbutus andrachne
3449:subfamily species
3268:The Metamorphoses
2872:10.1021/jf9024147
2860:J Agric Food Chem
2158:. 31 August 2011.
1918:Systematic Botany
1892:Species Plantarum
1618:the Spanish Crown
1563:Central panel of
1522:spieghi alla bora
1490:passage in which
1333:gardens in 1778.
1159:Ecological design
1044:vitamins such as
824:and southwestern
752:and southeastern
725:is attributed to
638: in) broad,
491:Species Plantarum
453:), or sometimes "
411:
410:
404:
400:Arbutus turbinata
396:
388:
380:
372:
364:
356:
348:
340:
332:
324:
316:
308:
298:
286:
267:
250:
234:Distribution map.
72:
6564:
6517:Ornamental trees
6502:Bird food plants
6482:Flora of Ireland
6442:
6441:
6429:
6428:
6416:
6415:
6403:
6402:
6390:
6389:
6377:
6376:
6364:
6363:
6351:
6350:
6341:
6340:
6331:
6330:
6318:
6317:
6305:
6304:
6292:
6291:
6282:
6281:
6269:
6268:
6256:
6255:
6253:NBNSYS0000003899
6243:
6242:
6230:
6229:
6217:
6216:
6204:
6203:
6191:
6190:
6178:
6177:
6165:
6164:
6152:
6151:
6139:
6138:
6126:
6125:
6113:
6112:
6100:
6099:
6087:
6086:
6074:
6073:
6061:
6060:
6051:
6050:
6038:
6037:
6028:
6027:
6026:
6013:
6012:
6011:
5981:
5980:
5967:
5966:
5959:Italy portal
5956:
5955:
5896:National symbols
5590:
5589:
5445:
5444:
5297:
5296:
5150:
5149:
5030:Kingdom of Italy
4957:Napoleonic Italy
4496:
4495:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4449:
4448:
4440:
4373:Frecce Tricolori
4323:Cockade of Italy
4288:
4287:
4286:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4211:Ornithostaphylos
3630:
3629:
3568:
3567:
3558:
3557:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3376:
3371:Warner, Marion.
3369:
3363:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3327:
3321:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3208:
3202:
3195:
3189:
3178:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3128:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3068:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3004:(9): 2285–2291.
2993:
2987:
2986:
2949:
2943:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2710:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2617:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2357:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2291:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2121:
2115:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2081:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2029:
2012:
2011:
2001:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1956:
1955:on 14 July 2020.
1954:
1948:. Archived from
1915:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1710:
1680:
1614:José de Sigüenza
1610:Hieronymus Bosch
1608:, a painting by
1586:
1575:José de Sigüenza
1571:Hieronymus Bosch
1560:
1528:
1527:Giovanni Pascoli
1512:
1484:Giovanni Pascoli
1466:
1449:Giovanni Pascoli
1394:
1388:
1387:
1327:Thomas Jefferson
1165:landscape design
989:can be done via
906:, root rot, and
840:Lusitanian flora
702:
701:
697:
692:
691:
687:
676:
675:
671:
666:
665:
661:
637:
636:
632:
629:
521:species such as
426:, native to the
402:
394:
386:
378:
370:
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
322:
314:
304:
302:Arbutus vulgaris
294:
284:
261:
256:
253:
248:
241:
238:
229:
212:
87:
86:
66:
61:
60:
42:
28:
27:
6572:
6571:
6567:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6562:
6561:
6552:Flora of Sicily
6472:Flora of Europe
6452:
6451:
6450:
6445:
6437:
6432:
6424:
6419:
6411:
6406:
6398:
6393:
6385:
6380:
6372:
6367:
6359:
6354:
6346:
6344:
6336:
6334:
6326:
6321:
6313:
6310:Observation.org
6308:
6300:
6295:
6287:
6285:
6277:
6272:
6264:
6259:
6251:
6246:
6238:
6233:
6225:
6220:
6212:
6207:
6199:
6194:
6186:
6181:
6173:
6168:
6160:
6155:
6147:
6142:
6134:
6129:
6121:
6116:
6108:
6103:
6095:
6090:
6082:
6077:
6069:
6064:
6056:
6054:
6046:
6041:
6033:
6031:
6022:
6021:
6016:
6007:
6006:
6001:
5988:
5978:
5973:
5953:
5940:
5911:Public holidays
5742:
5688:Life expectancy
5575:
5430:
5346:Law enforcement
5282:
5135:
5082:
5071:Social Republic
5035:Colonial Empire
5018:Capture of Rome
4971:
4864:
4773:
4666:Ancient peoples
4654:
4591:
4552:Historic states
4510:
4485:
4476:
4446:
4441:
4432:
4428:Strawberry tree
4423:Stella d'Italia
4393:Italian sparrow
4328:Emblem of Italy
4292:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4250:
4245:
4225:
4205:
4128:Comarostaphylis
4122:
4091:
4055:
4027:
3789:
3614:
3547:
3514:Arbutus pavarii
3450:
3443:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3370:
3366:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3328:
3324:
3308:
3304:
3292:
3291:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3272:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3196:
3192:
3179:
3170:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3143:
3139:
3126:
3124:
3115:
3111:
3097:
3095:
3086:
3082:
3037:
3033:
2994:
2990:
2950:
2946:
2935:
2931:
2891:
2887:
2856:
2852:
2805:
2798:
2770:
2766:
2739:
2732:
2687:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2655:
2653:
2638:
2634:
2578:
2574:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2429:
2425:
2402:
2398:
2375:
2371:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2268:
2264:
2251:
2249:
2239:
2235:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2131:Natural History
2125:Pliny The Elder
2122:
2102:
2098:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2015:
1978:
1974:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1782:"Arbutus unedo"
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1657:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1573:, described by
1561:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1510:
1442:
1371:
1369:Ancient history
1366:
1344:and the hybrid
1308:Henrietta Maria
1262:
1246:ornamental tree
1229:
1181:desertification
1175:based designs,
1161:
1152:Crithidia bombi
1131:in the form of
1122:
1120:Herbal medicine
1026:
1021:
984:
863:
756:; southward in
739:
731:unum tantum edo
727:Pliny the Elder
699:
695:
694:
689:
685:
684:
673:
669:
668:
663:
659:
658:
634:
630:
627:
625:
619:hardiness zones
577:
547:has been named
479:
471:national flower
420:strawberry tree
407:
371:Heldr. ex Nyman
347:Heldr. ex Nyman
328:Arbutus croomii
288:
287:
260:
257:
254:
247:
242:
239:
235:
220:
214:
208:
195:
81:
73:
62:
58:
51:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6570:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6443:
6439:wfo-0000543204
6430:
6417:
6404:
6391:
6378:
6365:
6352:
6342:
6332:
6319:
6306:
6293:
6283:
6270:
6257:
6244:
6231:
6218:
6205:
6192:
6179:
6166:
6153:
6140:
6127:
6114:
6101:
6088:
6075:
6062:
6052:
6039:
6029:
6014:
5998:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5961:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5593:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5519:Stock exchange
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5448:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5421:Municipalities
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5381:Prime Minister
5378:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5300:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5268:Regional parks
5265:
5263:National parks
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5172:Climate change
5164:
5159:
5153:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5037:
5032:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4937:
4935:Duchy of Savoy
4932:
4927:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4845:
4843:Lombard League
4840:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4765:Western Empire
4757:
4752:
4750:Roman conquest
4747:
4742:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4671:Italic peoples
4662:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4475:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4452:
4443:
4442:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4388:Italia turrita
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4279:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4256:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4235:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4215:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4132:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4113:
4110:Arctous alpina
4105:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4046:
4038:
4036:
4034:Pictobracteata
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3800:
3798:
3796:Foliobracteata
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3639:
3637:
3635:Arctostaphylos
3627:
3625:Arctostaphylos
3620:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3607:mendocinoensis
3592:
3585:
3577:
3575:
3565:
3555:
3553:Arctostaphylos
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3394:
3384:
3383:External links
3381:
3378:
3377:
3364:
3351:
3339:
3322:
3311:Flora d'Italia
3302:
3293:|website=
3257:
3232:
3203:
3197:Ann Leighton,
3190:
3168:
3137:
3109:
3080:
3031:
2988:
2961:(2): 176–183.
2944:
2929:
2902:(3): 219–228.
2885:
2850:
2815:(3): 225–248.
2796:
2781:(1): 247–254.
2775:Food Chemistry
2764:
2730:
2681:
2667:
2632:
2592:(1): 318–323.
2572:
2551:(3): 347–351.
2531:
2505:
2475:
2423:
2412:(3): 362–371.
2396:
2385:(2): 115–119.
2369:
2328:
2306:
2282:(4): 419–429.
2262:
2233:
2200:
2161:
2143:
2096:
2072:(4): 419–429.
2052:
2013:
1992:(2): 423–430.
1972:
1924:(1): 131–143.
1901:
1887:Linnaeus, Carl
1878:
1850:
1817:
1799:
1773:
1747:
1721:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1653:
1588:
1581:
1580:
1562:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1524:
1508:
1441:
1438:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1288:Lord Leicester
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1241:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1218:Its extensive
1216:
1209:
1206:fire resistant
1199:
1192:
1160:
1157:
1125:Arbutus unedo'
1121:
1118:
1103:raki kocimarje
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
983:
980:
917:grows well in
862:
859:
851:A. unedo rubra
738:
735:
576:
573:
530:A. canariensis
478:
475:
432:Western Europe
409:
408:
406:
405:
403:Pers. ex Rchb.
397:
389:
381:
379:Kluk ex Besser
373:
365:
357:
349:
341:
333:
325:
320:Arbutus crispa
317:
309:
299:
283:
282:
281:
278:
277:
271:
270:
269:
268:
258:
251:
243:
231:
230:
222:
221:
215:
204:
203:
197:
196:
189:
187:
183:
182:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
138:
137:
132:
125:
124:
119:
112:
111:
106:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
75:
74:
56:
53:
52:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6569:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6537:Edible fruits
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6440:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6343:
6339:
6338:Arbutus_unedo
6333:
6329:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6284:
6280:
6279:Arbutus~unedo
6275:
6271:
6267:
6262:
6258:
6254:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6097:Arbutus_unedo
6093:
6089:
6085:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6053:
6049:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6030:
6025:
6024:Arbutus unedo
6019:
6015:
6010:
6004:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5994:Arbutus unedo
5991:
5987:
5982:
5970:
5962:
5960:
5951:
5950:
5947:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5114:Years of Lead
5112:
5110:
5109:Economic Boom
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5052:Fascist Italy
5050:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4998:Niçard exodus
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4718:Magna Graecia
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4473:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4439:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4362:Tricolour Day
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4338:Flag of Italy
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4277:
4272:
4270:
4265:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4117:Arctous rubra
4114:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3621:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3535:Arbutus unedo
3532:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3390:Arbutus unedo
3387:
3386:
3374:
3368:
3361:
3355:
3343:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3319:9788820623128
3316:
3312:
3309:S. Pignatti,
3306:
3298:
3286:
3270:
3269:
3261:
3246:
3244:
3236:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3214:Arbutus unedo
3207:
3200:
3194:
3187:
3184:(1964) 1992,
3183:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3165:
3150:
3149:
3141:
3134:
3122:
3121:
3113:
3106:
3093:
3092:
3084:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2948:
2941:
2940:
2939:Arbutus unedo
2933:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2801:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2768:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2735:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2677:
2671:
2664:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2519:
2517:
2516:Arbutus unedo
2509:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2486:Arbutus unedo
2479:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2316:
2310:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2172:Arbutus unedo
2165:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2041:
2040:Flora Iberica
2034:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1962:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1761:
1760:RHS Gardening
1757:
1751:
1736:
1735:Atlas Obscura
1732:
1725:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1687:Arbutus unedo
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1662:Arbutus unedo
1659:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1596:
1592:
1589:A bear and a
1585:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1559:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1500:flag of Italy
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1477:flag of Italy
1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1406:Metamorphoses
1402:
1393:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1364:Symbolic uses
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1350:andrachnoides
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1320:Batty Langley
1317:
1316:Arbutus unedo
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:Arbutus unedo
1266:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1129:folk medicine
1126:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:beta-carotene
1047:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1024:Culinary uses
1016:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
979:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
959:
954:
952:
951:
946:
942:
941:Arbutus unedo
938:
936:
932:
926:
924:
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
904:
899:
895:
891:
886:
885:7 or warmer.
884:
880:
879:Arbutus unedo
876:
873:
871:
870:salt tolerant
867:
866:Arbutus unedo
858:
856:
855:William Aiton
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
742:Arbutus unedo
734:
732:
728:
724:
723:
717:
715:
711:
706:
681:
678:
656:
652:
651:hermaphrodite
647:
645:
641:
622:
620:
616:
615:Arbutus unedo
609:
602:
595:
588:
581:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:andrachnoides
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:Arbutus unedo
534:
532:
531:
526:
525:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:ribosomal DNA
495:
493:
492:
487:
486:Carl Linnaeus
483:
482:Arbutus unedo
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:national tree
456:
452:
447:
445:
442:of the genus
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:
415:Arbutus unedo
401:
398:
393:
390:
385:
382:
377:
374:
369:
366:
361:
358:
353:
350:
345:
342:
337:
334:
329:
326:
321:
318:
313:
310:
307:
303:
300:
297:
293:
290:
289:
279:
276:
272:
265:
252:
249:Native range.
246:
237:
236:
232:
228:
223:
218:
213:
211:
210:Arbutus unedo
205:
202:
201:Binomial name
198:
194:
193:
192:A. unedo
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
109:Tracheophytes
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
85:
80:
76:
70:
65:
64:Least Concern
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
33:
32:Arbutus unedo
29:
26:
22:
5993:
5796:Architecture
5766:Quattrocento
5723:Social class
5703:Prostitution
5617:Demographics
5539:Trade unions
5482:Central Bank
5324:Human rights
5304:Constitution
5087:Contemporary
5057:World War II
4945:Italian Wars
4869:Early modern
4811:Papal States
4789:Italy under
4735:Ancient Rome
4427:
4398:Italian wolf
4378:Goddess Roma
4238:
4218:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4115:
4108:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4048:
4041:
4033:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3795:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3634:
3624:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3572:
3562:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3389:
3367:
3354:
3347:(in Italian)
3342:
3325:
3310:
3305:
3273:. Retrieved
3267:
3260:
3248:. Retrieved
3242:
3235:
3223:. Retrieved
3217:
3213:
3206:
3198:
3193:
3185:
3181:
3163:
3158:19 September
3156:. Retrieved
3147:
3140:
3132:
3125:. Retrieved
3119:
3112:
3103:
3096:. Retrieved
3090:
3083:
3048:
3044:
3034:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2938:
2932:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2866:(1): 384–9.
2863:
2859:
2853:
2812:
2808:
2790:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2758:
2749:(1): 27–35.
2746:
2742:
2701:(1): 12165.
2698:
2694:
2684:
2670:
2661:
2656:17 September
2654:. Retrieved
2649:
2645:
2635:
2627:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2522:. Retrieved
2515:
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2489:
2485:
2478:
2440:(1): 53–64.
2437:
2433:
2426:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2321:17 September
2319:. Retrieved
2309:
2301:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2257:
2252:17 September
2250:. Retrieved
2246:
2236:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2177:
2171:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2130:
2110:
2099:
2091:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
1989:
1985:
1975:
1961:cite journal
1950:the original
1921:
1917:
1904:
1896:
1891:
1881:
1869:. Retrieved
1867:(in Italian)
1862:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1832:
1811:
1808:"cane apple"
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1786:Plant Finder
1785:
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1759:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1734:
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1698:
1692:
1686:
1678:
1661:
1648:
1644:
1632:
1626:
1621:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1564:
1535:
1531:
1515:
1511:(in Italian)
1509:
1503:
1494:, killed by
1481:
1453:
1422:Adriatic Sea
1414:Mount Conero
1411:
1404:
1398:
1378:Mount Conero
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1324:
1315:
1303:
1299:
1285:
1272:
1270:
1236:and to make
1201:
1176:
1173:permaculture
1162:
1150:
1148:
1137:
1124:
1123:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1076:
1070:
1035:
1032:Crumble cake
1013:
1010:
1003:
985:
964:
960:
955:
948:
940:
939:
927:
914:
912:
903:Phytophthora
901:
887:
878:
877:
874:
865:
864:
850:
848:
843:
831:
830:
741:
740:
737:Distribution
730:
721:
720:
718:
682:
679:
648:
623:
614:
613:
568:
565:A. andrachne
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
541:A. andrachne
540:
536:
535:
528:
524:A. andrachne
522:
514:
511:paraphyletic
506:
502:
496:
489:
481:
480:
467:Italian flag
450:
448:
443:
440:strawberries
419:
414:
413:
412:
399:
391:
383:
375:
367:
359:
351:
343:
335:
327:
319:
311:
301:
292:Unedo edulis
291:
264:synanthropic
244:
209:
207:
191:
190:
178:
141:
128:
115:
102:
31:
25:
6361:kew-2646748
6170:iNaturalist
6018:Wikispecies
5861:Italophilia
5821:Coat of arm
5771:Cinquecento
5647:Immigration
5597:Aristocracy
5462:Agriculture
5356:Nationality
5329:LGBT rights
5243:Earthquakes
5124:Mani pulite
5040:World War I
4983:Unification
4976:Late modern
4940:Renaissance
4785:Middle Ages
4778:Middle Ages
4755:Roman Italy
4522:Citizenship
4413:Rosso corsa
3573:Micrococcus
3563:Micrococcus
3447:Arbutoideae
3201:, 1976:395.
2545:HortScience
2518:'Atlantic'"
2193:11 December
2045:27 November
1833:Altovastese
1714:19 November
1275:notable in
1220:root system
1133:a decoction
1058:tocopherols
1042:antioxidant
1040:(40%), and
987:Propagation
982:Propagation
945:mycorrhizal
898:anthracnose
861:Cultivation
714:frugivorous
640:laurel-like
575:Description
122:Angiosperms
6456:Categories
6356:Plant List
6055:Calflora:
5931:Traditions
5921:Television
5906:Philosophy
5871:Literature
5811:Cathedrals
5781:Settecento
5642:Healthcare
5607:Corruption
5602:Censorship
5361:Parliament
5319:Government
5119:Maxi Trial
5067:Resistance
4796:Ostrogoths
4728:Messapians
4613:Villanovan
4603:Prehistory
4596:Prehistory
4418:Savoy blue
4231:Xylococcus
4064:Unassigned
3335:8882652661
3275:7 December
3188:"Arbutus".
2524:12 January
2498:13 January
2434:Mycorrhiza
2247:The Spruce
2138:Wikisource
2118:Wikisource
2033:"A. unedo"
1843:25 January
1670:References
1460:corbezzolo
1331:Monticello
1227:Other uses
786:Montenegro
655:desiccated
644:serrulated
473:of Italy.
436:strawberry
323:Hoffmanns.
296:Hoffmanns.
5891:Mythology
5866:Libraries
5786:Ottocento
5728:Terrorism
5669:Languages
5622:Education
5544:Transport
5494:Companies
5401:Provinces
5371:President
5336:Judiciary
5309:Elections
5221:Volcanoes
5216:Volcanism
5209:Apennines
5194:Mountains
5162:Peninsula
5145:Geography
5076:Civil War
4801:Byzantium
4708:Etruscans
4643:Canegrate
4638:Golasecca
4623:Rinaldone
4618:Terramare
4608:Neolithic
3623:Subgenus
3561:Subgenus
3360:virgilian
3295:ignored (
3285:cite book
3018:1873-6351
2916:1573-4064
2829:0963-7486
2725:233932055
2717:1842-4309
2652:: 457–459
2606:2505-0044
2567:0018-5345
2454:1432-1890
2364:0015-752X
2298:0015-752X
2088:0015-752X
2008:1842-4309
1871:26 August
1336:The form
1312:Wimbledon
1234:fire wood
1196:evergreen
1144:quercetin
1046:vitamin C
802:Palestine
719:The name
710:dispersed
705:spherical
455:Killarney
424:Ericaceae
186:Species:
168:Ericaceae
92:Kingdom:
6421:VicFlora
6413:12300004
6408:Tropicos
6335:PalDat:
6274:NSWFlora
6201:11439377
6188:326526-1
6092:eFloraSA
6003:Wikidata
5969:Category
5856:Internet
5846:Folklore
5776:Seicento
5761:Trecento
5756:Duecento
5718:Religion
5679:Regional
5657:Italians
5632:Gambling
5524:Taxation
5351:Military
5292:Politics
5094:Republic
4881:Florence
4806:Lombards
4745:Republic
4691:Samnites
4686:Picentes
4628:Apennine
4587:Railways
4567:Military
4515:By topic
4499:Overview
4483:articles
4357:Scudetto
4032:Section
3794:Section
3633:Section
3571:Section
3075:35491601
3026:21703325
2975:28421300
2924:18473914
2880:19919097
2845:30114836
2837:11951586
2624:28480410
2470:20470083
2462:20405149
2342:Forestry
2276:Forestry
2066:Forestry
1946:44225779
1889:(1753).
1837:Archived
1655:See also
1525:—
1428:and the
1338:A. unedo
1202:A. unedo
1177:A. unedo
1140:flavonol
1099:Albanian
1095:kocimare
1078:medronho
995:layering
969:cultivar
967:and the
961:A. unedo
923:pH soils
915:A. unedo
844:A. unedo
832:A. unedo
822:Bulgaria
778:Slovenia
746:Portugal
646:margin.
515:A. unedo
477:Taxonomy
444:Fragaria
285:Synonymy
275:Synonyms
164:Family:
158:Ericales
148:Asterids
135:Eudicots
69:IUCN 3.1
6467:Arbutus
6235:MoBotPF
6149:2882803
6079:Ecocrop
6009:Q329046
5926:Theatre
5901:Palaces
5881:Museums
5851:Gardens
5836:Fashion
5826:Cuisine
5806:Castles
5748:Culture
5698:Poverty
5674:Italian
5585:Society
5566:Welfare
5534:Tourism
5504:Exports
5472:Banking
5452:Economy
5440:Economy
5396:Regions
5278:Valleys
5248:Islands
5228:Beaches
5199:Prealps
5179:Geology
5167:Climate
4831:Normans
4791:Odoacer
4740:Kingdom
4723:Ligures
4659:Ancient
4633:Nuragic
4582:Postage
4557:Judaism
4547:Genetic
4537:Fashion
4532:Economy
4491:History
4101:Arctous
3605:subsp.
3456:Arbutus
3445:Extant
3127:30 July
3105:country
3098:30 July
3066:9058528
2615:5411884
1938:2666660
1792:23 July
1766:23 July
1740:23 July
1664:hybrids
1649:Madroño
1645:Madroño
1591:madroño
1456:Italian
1430:Gargano
1426:Trieste
1420:on the
1392:komaròs
1386:κόμαρος
1304:Arbutus
1260:History
1189:flowers
1083:Albania
1062:omega-3
999:cutting
935:hectare
921:(limy)
826:Ireland
818:Albania
810:Lebanon
782:Croatia
770:Tunisia
762:Morocco
758:Algeria
716:birds.
698:⁄
688:⁄
672:⁄
662:⁄
633:⁄
561:hybrida
549:Arbutus
507:Arbutus
503:Arbutus
451:caithne
395:Salisb.
179:Arbutus
174:Genus:
154:Order:
96:Plantae
67: (
6522:Shrubs
6369:PLANTS
6328:100947
6315:149120
6286:NZOR:
6240:279932
6227:202930
6136:169577
6110:583608
6035:142854
6032:APDB:
5957:
5831:Design
5816:Cinema
5791:Anthem
5713:Racism
5662:People
5637:Health
5499:Energy
5489:Brands
5416:Comune
5411:Cities
5273:Rivers
5233:Canals
4916:Amalfi
4901:Venice
4760:Empire
4701:Veneti
4676:Latins
4648:Latial
4481:
3333:
3317:
3265:Ovid.
3250:30 May
3225:30 May
3073:
3063:
3024:
3016:
2983:403426
2981:
2973:
2922:
2914:
2878:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2723:
2715:
2622:
2612:
2604:
2565:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2362:
2296:
2133:
2113:
2086:
2006:
1944:
1936:
1637:Madrid
1595:Madrid
1496:Turnus
1492:Pallas
1488:Aeneid
1434:Apulia
1418:Ancona
1213:winter
1054:niacin
1038:sugars
894:thrips
890:scales
806:Jordan
798:Israel
794:Turkey
790:Greece
768:, and
754:France
621:7–10.
555:(syn.
545:hybrid
513:, and
509:to be
315:Steud.
306:Bubani
255:
240:
6374:ARUN4
6345:PFI:
6297:NZPCN
6266:84005
6214:23629
6196:IRMNG
6175:82689
6131:EUNIS
6123:ARDUN
6048:98540
5916:Sport
5886:Music
5876:Media
5738:Women
5612:Crime
5477:Banks
5253:Lakes
5238:Caves
5189:Flora
5184:Fauna
4906:Genoa
4891:Milan
4886:Siena
4826:Arabs
4713:Celts
4696:Umbri
4572:Music
4542:Flags
4479:Italy
3218:rubra
3152:(PDF)
2979:S2CID
2841:S2CID
2760:g−1).
2721:S2CID
2490:rubra
2466:S2CID
2220:(4).
2036:(PDF)
1953:(PDF)
1942:S2CID
1934:JSTOR
1914:(PDF)
1641:Spain
1548:Spain
1440:Italy
1382:Greek
1342:rubra
1281:Pliny
1253:shrub
1250:hedge
1238:pipes
1114:honey
1087:rakia
997:, or
965:rubra
919:basic
814:Syria
774:Italy
766:Libya
750:Spain
722:unedo
569:unedo
563:, or
501:from
463:Italy
363:auct.
331:auct.
142:Clade
129:Clade
116:Clade
103:Clade
6400:1473
6382:POWO
6348:3730
6302:2490
6261:NCBI
6222:IUCN
6209:ITIS
6183:IPNI
6162:3849
6157:GRIN
6144:GBIF
6118:EPPO
6084:3325
6071:G6RG
6058:9284
6043:APNI
5841:Flag
5571:Wine
5559:road
5554:rail
5385:List
5375:List
5204:Alps
5069:and
4911:Pisa
4681:Osci
4577:Name
4562:LGBT
3331:ISBN
3315:ISBN
3297:help
3277:2022
3252:2013
3227:2013
3186:s.v.
3160:2017
3129:2020
3100:2020
3071:PMID
3022:PMID
3014:ISSN
2971:PMID
2920:PMID
2912:ISSN
2876:PMID
2833:PMID
2825:ISSN
2713:ISSN
2658:2017
2620:PMID
2602:ISSN
2563:ISSN
2526:2018
2500:2018
2458:PMID
2450:ISSN
2360:ISSN
2323:2017
2294:ISSN
2254:2017
2195:2017
2084:ISSN
2047:2021
2004:ISSN
1967:link
1873:2024
1845:2016
1794:2021
1768:2021
1742:2021
1716:2021
1699:2017
1401:Ovid
1290:and
1187:The
1110:bees
1091:mare
1064:and
1019:Uses
991:seed
958:form
933:per
908:rust
892:and
812:and
649:The
539:and
527:and
430:and
355:L.f.
339:Sims
219:1753
6434:WFO
6395:RHS
6248:NBN
6105:EoL
6066:CoL
5801:Art
5549:air
5341:Law
3216:f.
3061:PMC
3053:doi
3049:377
3006:doi
2963:doi
2904:doi
2868:doi
2817:doi
2783:doi
2779:120
2751:doi
2703:doi
2610:PMC
2594:doi
2553:doi
2488:f.
2442:doi
2414:doi
2387:doi
2383:118
2350:doi
2284:doi
2222:doi
2074:doi
1994:doi
1926:doi
1864:MSN
1703:doi
1620:as
1569:by
1356:'s
1340:f.
1310:'s
1204:is
1171:or
1163:In
1097:in
1093:or
975:'s
963:f.
853:by
784:,
712:by
461:of
6458::
6436::
6423::
6410::
6397::
6384::
6371::
6358::
6325::
6312::
6299::
6276::
6263::
6250::
6237::
6224::
6211::
6198::
6185::
6172::
6159::
6146::
6133::
6120::
6107::
6094::
6081::
6068::
6045::
6020::
6005::
3289::
3287:}}
3283:{{
3171:^
3162:.
3131:.
3102:.
3069:.
3059:.
3047:.
3043:.
3020:.
3012:.
3002:49
3000:.
2977:.
2969:.
2959:72
2957:.
2942:.
2918:.
2910:.
2898:.
2874:.
2864:58
2862:.
2839:.
2831:.
2823:.
2813:53
2811:.
2799:^
2789:.
2777:.
2757:.
2747:14
2745:.
2733:^
2719:.
2711:.
2699:49
2697:.
2693:.
2660:.
2648:.
2644:.
2626:.
2618:.
2608:.
2600:.
2590:14
2588:.
2584:.
2561:.
2549:48
2547:.
2543:.
2464:.
2456:.
2448:.
2438:21
2436:.
2410:66
2408:.
2381:.
2358:.
2346:84
2344:.
2340:.
2300:.
2292:.
2280:84
2278:.
2274:.
2256:.
2245:.
2216:.
2212:.
2186:,
2182:.
2176:.
2154:.
2127:.
2107:.
2090:.
2082:.
2070:84
2068:.
2064:.
2038:.
2016:^
2002:.
1990:44
1988:.
1984:.
1963:}}
1959:{{
1940:.
1922:26
1920:.
1916:.
1861:.
1831:.
1820:^
1810:.
1784:.
1758:.
1733:.
1697:.
1691:.
1639:,
1458::
1360:.
1348:×
1346:A.
1167:,
1105:.
1056:,
1052:,
1048:,
1001:.
993:,
931:kg
910:.
900:,
872:.
828:.
820:,
808:,
804:,
800:,
796:,
792:,
788:,
780:,
776:,
764:,
760:,
748:,
700:16
696:13
674:16
567:×
559:×
557:A.
551:×
446:.
266:).
217:L.
144::
131::
118::
105::
5387:)
5383:(
5377:)
5373:(
4471:e
4464:t
4457:v
4369:)
4340:(
4275:e
4268:t
4261:v
3438:e
3431:t
3424:v
3337:.
3299:)
3279:.
3254:.
3245:"
3229:.
3220:"
3077:.
3055::
3028:.
3008::
2985:.
2965::
2926:.
2906::
2900:4
2882:.
2870::
2847:.
2819::
2785::
2753::
2727:.
2705::
2650:7
2596::
2569:.
2555::
2528:.
2502:.
2492:"
2484:"
2472:.
2444::
2420:.
2416::
2393:.
2389::
2366:.
2352::
2325:.
2286::
2224::
2218:3
2197:.
2174:"
2170:"
2140:.
2120:.
2076::
2049:.
2010:.
1996::
1969:)
1928::
1875:.
1847:.
1814:.
1796:.
1770:.
1744:.
1718:.
1705::
1689:"
1685:"
1631:(
1389:(
1298:(
1215:.
693:–
690:4
686:1
670:5
667:–
664:4
660:1
635:2
631:1
628:+
626:1
259:▲
245:✖
71:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
