25:
226:
1603:
130:, in 1992 for Centennial Water and Sanitation District. Since then, over 40 ASR wells have been installed for many different municipalities. These wells range in depths from 1,000 ft (300 m) to 3,000 ft (910 m) below ground surface, with injection rates commonly between 100 US gal (380 L; 83 imp gal) and 500 US gal (1,900 L; 420 imp gal) per minute (gpm) per well.
158:. Current or potential problems include: (1) poor recovery due to mixing of the injected fresh water with the existing brackish to saline water in the aquifer; (2) pre-existing quality of water introduced to ASR; and (3) potential risk of resulting water quality due to mixing of injected freshwater and existing aquifer.
256:
within artificial wetlands, and injecting the treated water into
Tertiary aquifers in winter, for later use by industry, and for irrigation of city parks and school playing fields in summer. In 2009 the capacity of the Salisbury ASR schemes was around 5 gigalitres per annum (expected to rise to 14 GL
185:
systems to maintain the ground water levels and store the thermal differences from summertime cooling for winter time heating. Industry can also capture cold winter waters and store it for summertime use and avoid the need for cooling water in the summer for industrial processes. This may also free
170:
in the autumn of 2006 and have injected well over 3,000 acre-feet (3,700,000 m) of water during the winter and spring flood flow times using artificial recharge (AR) of flood water as their water source. This shallow recharged water is then recovered as potable water and injected into the deep
206:
use ASR, providing water resources to these water-vulnerable communities. A University of
Florida report ranked daily per-capita water availability for 225 large urban areas across the U.S. The study weighed fresh water available to cities from naturally occurring and constructed sources such as
217:(TWDB) survey of Texas water utilities found four primary objections to ASR in other parts of Texas: legal and physical limitations, the quality of the recovered water, cost-effectiveness and the potential for other pumpers to capture the utility's stored water.
186:
up short supplies of summer time water for other beneficial uses. This reinjection process may also avoid the cost of surface disposal and avoid the increased thermal load to the rivers and streams during the summer air conditioning season.
146:(CERP). An estimate of 333 ASR wells would be implemented as part of CERP and used to store, treat and supply excess surface water to the Everglades and other systems of water during dry periods.
207:
reservoirs, aquifers and imports. Of the cities reviewed, San
Antonio ranked last, or most vulnerable, and El Paso ranked as 10th-worst, though other Texas cities made the list.
633:
210:
San
Antonio stores drinking water in its Carrizo ASR facility, which contains more than 91,000 acre-feet of water and has a maximum capacity of 120,000 acre-feet.
109:) and where the rainwater is thus diverted to rivers, rainwater ASR could help to keep the rainwater within an area. ASR is used for municipal, industrial and
327:
454:
39:
471:
540:
411:
178:
of the water flowing back into the aquifer. This stored water is recovered during late summer and early autumn for irrigation needs.
143:
513:
574:
508:
105:. In areas where the rainwater cannot percolate the soil or where it is not capable of percolating it fast enough (i.e.
1647:
1456:
73:
51:
257:
by 2014) and this success has led to other local government areas across
Adelaide undertaking similar ASR projects.
1080:
338:
533:
1637:
597:
214:
252:
has since 1994 played a pioneering role in establishing the viability of the capture and treatment of urban
154:
Doubts remain about the benefit of introducing ASR in such large capacity to
Florida due to a predominantly
984:
1473:
451:
181:
Both of these well types use a down-hole control valve. ASR can also be used to re-inject water used by
1606:
1490:
1434:
526:
47:
1632:
1021:
1006:
55:
1181:
1070:
265:
In Spain, the SubSol ASR project is active and in the
Netherlands, there is the COASTAR project.
1584:
1427:
1299:
35:
1642:
1381:
1376:
1171:
1112:
1575:
1547:
1512:
1439:
1239:
1176:
994:
815:
408:
363:"Review of Aquifer Storage and Recovery in the Floridan Aquifer System of Southern Florida"
279:
8:
1570:
1478:
1466:
1356:
1309:
1117:
1040:
766:
557:
284:
127:
1580:
1565:
1495:
1451:
1341:
927:
832:
587:
1627:
1552:
1016:
922:
895:
742:
692:
628:
582:
430:. Environmental Hydrology Laboratory at the University of Florida. Retrieved 2/11/14.
253:
245:
101:
for later recovery and use. The injection and extraction is often done by means of a
514:
Aquifer
Storage and Recovery, by California Water Science Center (November 20, 2018)
439:
138:
The use of ASR in
Florida has been examined to determine potential benefits for the
1502:
1461:
1444:
1331:
1229:
761:
665:
549:
1519:
1485:
1371:
1351:
1261:
910:
876:
810:
607:
592:
458:
415:
238:
155:
1560:
1507:
1417:
1336:
1321:
1316:
1268:
1156:
952:
900:
883:
717:
483:
427:
303:
1621:
1524:
1361:
1251:
1208:
989:
866:
752:
702:
566:
175:
94:
1326:
1284:
1060:
1011:
947:
803:
707:
1422:
1366:
1188:
1166:
1161:
1028:
905:
871:
859:
747:
670:
203:
225:
174:
During the injection process, electrical energy can be generated by the
1529:
1346:
1304:
1246:
1215:
854:
786:
724:
697:
660:
494:
230:
139:
110:
106:
440:
City of
Charles Sturt > Major Projects > Water Proofing the West
362:
1412:
1294:
1102:
1097:
1075:
964:
957:
776:
771:
678:
655:
274:
199:
518:
1539:
1107:
1033:
974:
969:
917:
827:
798:
791:
781:
712:
686:
682:
674:
428:
Water availability ranking for 225 urban areas in the United States
249:
234:
126:
The first ASR well with a downhole control valve was installed in
1407:
1203:
1198:
1144:
1050:
979:
822:
623:
195:
98:
1256:
1221:
1045:
1001:
849:
647:
167:
1289:
1129:
1055:
842:
229:
Newly constructed wetland for final stage treatment of urban
93:) is the direct injection of surface water supplies such as
1234:
1090:
1085:
1065:
939:
890:
734:
182:
102:
97:, reclaimed water (i.e. rainwater), or river water into an
452:
City of Salisbury > Environment > Wetlands and Water
381:
1193:
837:
166:
The first agriculture ASR wells were put into service in
418:
Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. Retrieved 2/11/14.
409:Texas Water Report: Going Deeper for the Solution
1619:
16:Injection of water into an aquifer for later use
116:
534:
328:"Aquifer Storage and Recovery Regional Study"
32:The examples and perspective in this article
379:
142:and other Floridian water systems under the
541:
527:
474:City of Salisbury. Accessed 22 March 2014.
144:Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan
74:Learn how and when to remove this message
404:
402:
400:
398:
224:
304:"Baski Flow Control Valves, ASR Valves"
220:
1620:
548:
522:
395:
509:American Ground Water Trust ASR Info
382:"Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR)"
260:
233:runoff for an ASR scheme in western
18:
13:
14:
1659:
502:
1602:
1601:
23:
488:
477:
472:Towards Water Sensitive Cities
464:
445:
433:
421:
373:
355:
320:
296:
149:
1:
290:
215:Texas Water Development Board
567:Pollution / quality
335:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
117:ASR use in the United States
87:Aquifer storage and recovery
7:
268:
121:
50:, discuss the issue on the
10:
1664:
133:
36:the English-speaking world
1648:Water and the environment
1597:
1538:
1403:
1396:
1277:
1138:Types / location
1137:
1128:
938:
733:
646:
616:
565:
556:
161:
128:Highlands Ranch, Colorado
244:In South Australia, the
189:
461:Accessed 22 March 2014.
457:March 25, 2014, at the
442:Accessed 23 March 2014.
38:and do not represent a
367:U.S. Geological Survey
241:
380:Kent Madison (2008).
228:
111:agricultural purposes
1638:Building engineering
1513:remnant natural area
1150:storage and recovery
816:habitat conservation
634:Deforestation (REDD)
280:Groundwater recharge
221:ASR use in Australia
194:The Texan cities of
56:create a new article
48:improve this article
34:deal primarily with
1467:Earth Overshoot Day
1041:Marine conservation
1022:non-timber products
470:Haines, S. (2009):
285:Groundwater banking
1452:Ecosystem services
575:Ambient standards
414:2017-02-15 at the
242:
1615:
1614:
1593:
1592:
1392:
1391:
1071:genetic resources
1007:genetic resources
642:
641:
550:Natural resources
261:ASR use in Europe
254:stormwater runoff
246:City of Salisbury
84:
83:
76:
58:, as appropriate.
1655:
1633:Building biology
1605:
1604:
1556:
1503:Natural heritage
1462:overexploitation
1401:
1400:
1135:
1134:
1081:herbal medicines
1061:FAO Plant Treaty
601:
578:
563:
562:
543:
536:
529:
520:
519:
497:
492:
486:
481:
475:
468:
462:
449:
443:
437:
431:
425:
419:
406:
393:
392:
390:
389:
377:
371:
370:
359:
353:
352:
350:
349:
343:
337:. Archived from
332:
324:
318:
317:
315:
314:
300:
171:basalt aquifer.
79:
72:
68:
65:
59:
27:
26:
19:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1589:
1554:
1534:
1520:Systems ecology
1486:Natural capital
1388:
1273:
1262:reclaimed water
1124:
1086:UPOV Convention
934:
729:
638:
612:
608:Ozone depletion
599:
576:
552:
547:
505:
500:
493:
489:
482:
478:
469:
465:
459:Wayback Machine
450:
446:
438:
434:
426:
422:
416:Wayback Machine
407:
396:
387:
385:
378:
374:
361:
360:
356:
347:
345:
341:
330:
326:
325:
321:
312:
310:
302:
301:
297:
293:
271:
263:
239:South Australia
223:
192:
164:
156:karst geography
152:
136:
124:
119:
80:
69:
63:
60:
45:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1661:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1555:(perpetuation)
1550:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1508:Nature reserve
1505:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1404:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1141:
1139:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
999:
998:
997:
992:
987:
985:climate change
977:
972:
967:
962:
961:
960:
953:Bioprospecting
950:
944:
942:
936:
935:
933:
932:
931:
930:
925:
915:
914:
913:
908:
903:
898:
888:
887:
886:
881:
880:
879:
874:
864:
863:
862:
857:
847:
846:
845:
835:
830:
820:
819:
818:
808:
807:
806:
796:
795:
794:
789:
784:
779:
769:
764:
759:
758:
757:
756:
755:
739:
737:
731:
730:
728:
727:
722:
721:
720:
715:
705:
700:
695:
690:
668:
663:
658:
652:
650:
644:
643:
640:
639:
637:
636:
631:
626:
620:
618:
614:
613:
611:
610:
605:
604:
603:
598:Clean Air Act
590:
585:
580:
571:
569:
560:
554:
553:
546:
545:
538:
531:
523:
517:
516:
511:
504:
503:External links
501:
499:
498:
487:
476:
463:
444:
432:
420:
394:
372:
354:
319:
294:
292:
289:
288:
287:
282:
277:
270:
267:
262:
259:
222:
219:
191:
188:
163:
160:
151:
148:
135:
132:
123:
120:
118:
115:
82:
81:
42:of the subject
40:worldwide view
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1660:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1586:
1585:Non-renewable
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Urban ecology
1523:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:Privatization
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:Surface water
1250:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1000:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
959:
956:
955:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
943:
941:
937:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
919:
916:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
889:
885:
882:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
868:
865:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
851:
848:
844:
841:
840:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
824:
821:
817:
814:
813:
812:
809:
805:
802:
801:
800:
797:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
754:
753:peak farmland
751:
750:
749:
746:
745:
744:
741:
740:
738:
736:
732:
726:
723:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
651:
649:
645:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
621:
619:
615:
609:
606:
602:
596:
595:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
573:
572:
570:
568:
564:
561:
559:
555:
551:
544:
539:
537:
532:
530:
525:
524:
521:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
496:
491:
485:
480:
473:
467:
460:
456:
453:
448:
441:
436:
429:
424:
417:
413:
410:
405:
403:
401:
399:
383:
376:
368:
364:
358:
344:on 2016-12-22
340:
336:
329:
323:
309:
308:www.baski.com
305:
299:
295:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
266:
258:
255:
251:
247:
240:
236:
232:
227:
218:
216:
211:
208:
205:
201:
197:
187:
184:
179:
177:
176:head pressure
172:
169:
159:
157:
147:
145:
141:
131:
129:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
95:potable water
92:
88:
78:
75:
67:
57:
53:
49:
43:
41:
37:
30:
21:
20:
1643:Water supply
1583: /
1457:Exploitation
1342:Conservation
1285:Desalination
1220:
1149:
1113:conservation
948:Biodiversity
896:conservation
743:Agricultural
671:Fossil fuels
490:
479:
466:
447:
435:
423:
386:. Retrieved
375:
366:
357:
346:. Retrieved
339:the original
334:
322:
311:. Retrieved
307:
298:
264:
248:in northern
243:
212:
209:
193:
180:
173:
165:
153:
137:
125:
90:
86:
85:
70:
61:
33:
1576:Nationalism
1548:Common-pool
1189:Hydrosphere
1182:remediation
1167:Groundwater
762:Degradation
204:San Antonio
150:Controversy
107:urban areas
1622:Categories
1571:Extraction
1530:Wilderness
1491:accounting
1474:Management
1440:ecological
1428:tragedy of
1347:Peak water
1332:Efficiency
1305:Sanitation
1247:Stormwater
1240:harvesting
1216:Irrigation
1118:management
1076:gene banks
1017:management
995:management
911:resilience
877:phosphorus
833:industrial
811:Management
787:soundscape
693:Geothermal
388:2008-12-26
384:. 3R Valve
348:2016-11-29
313:2016-01-22
291:References
231:stormwater
140:Everglades
64:March 2022
1581:Renewable
1566:Depletion
1553:Conflict
1435:Economics
1413:enclosure
1372:Resources
1352:Pollution
1269:Watershed
1172:pollution
1103:Seed bank
1098:Rangeland
980:Fisheries
965:Biosphere
958:biopiracy
901:fertility
777:cityscape
772:Landscape
679:peak coal
666:Resources
617:Emissions
275:Acre-foot
200:Kerrville
52:talk page
1628:Aquifers
1607:Category
1540:Resource
1479:adaptive
1377:improved
1337:Conflict
1322:Security
1317:Scarcity
1310:improved
1300:Leaching
1177:recharge
1157:Drinking
1108:Wildlife
975:Bushmeat
970:Bushfood
923:planning
828:gemstone
823:Minerals
804:property
792:viewshed
782:seascape
713:sunlight
687:peak oil
683:peak gas
455:Archived
412:Archived
269:See also
250:Adelaide
235:Adelaide
122:Colorado
46:You may
1408:Commons
1397:Related
1362:Quality
1278:Aspects
1204:glacial
1145:Aquifer
1051:Pasture
1002:Forests
928:reserve
703:Nuclear
673: (
629:Trading
624:Airshed
495:COASTAR
213:A 2010
196:El Paso
134:Florida
99:aquifer
1418:global
1382:policy
1327:Supply
1290:Floods
1257:Sewage
1230:Marine
1222:huerta
1056:Plants
1046:Meadow
906:health
884:rights
872:copper
850:mining
748:arable
648:Energy
588:Indoor
484:SubSol
168:Oregon
162:Oregon
1561:Curse
1367:Right
1209:polar
1199:bergs
1162:Fresh
1130:Water
843:metal
767:Field
718:shade
708:Solar
698:Hydro
583:Index
342:(PDF)
331:(PDF)
190:Texas
54:, or
1496:good
1445:land
1423:land
1235:Rain
1091:wood
1066:food
1029:Game
940:Life
891:Soil
867:peak
860:sand
735:Land
725:Wind
600:(US)
577:(US)
202:and
183:HVAC
103:well
1295:Law
1194:Ice
1034:law
1012:law
990:law
918:Use
855:law
838:ore
799:Law
675:gas
661:Law
656:Bio
593:Law
558:Air
91:ASR
1624::
685:,
681:,
677:,
397:^
365:.
333:.
306:.
237:,
198:,
113:.
689:)
542:e
535:t
528:v
391:.
369:.
351:.
316:.
89:(
77:)
71:(
66:)
62:(
44:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
