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551:"Pope Zosimus cites the canons of Sardica to justify the right of appeal of every cleric to Rome. The canon shows the possibility of sending presbyters as papal legates, as Philip and Asellus are at this occasion. The general rules of clerics` appeals against bishops` decisions are also recalled. Account in the acts of the Council of Carthage (AD 419); edited also as Letter 15 of Zosimus"
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489:(Term of Office: December 418-423) took over the appeal by Apiarius of Sicca in 418 at the death of Pope Zosimus. In 419, the Bishops of Africa sent the copies of the Nicene canons obtained from Alexandria and Constantinople to justify their position that the Nicene canons did not permit Pope Zosimus' actions.
453:
However, the
African bishops cast doubt on the authenticity of the canon used, i.e. "When a bishop thinks he has been unjustly deposed by his colleagues he may appeal to Rome, and the Roman bishop shall have the business decided by judices in partibus". The African bishops were right, since the canon
671:"The council of Carthage (North Africa) AD 424/425 responds to the intervention of Pope Celestine I in the case of the presbyter Apiarius. Apiarius pleads guilty to the crimes of which he is accused. African bishops restate that the pope had no right to intervene in this case"
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in May 419; the other, compiled more at leisure, and therefore more complete, which was transmitted to Rome at the end of 419). This
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Formation du droit canonique et gouvernement de l’Église de l’Antiquité à l’âge classique : Recueil d’articles
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The controversy over the right of a bishop to appeal directly to the
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This biographical article about a religious figure from Africa is a
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643:"Apiarius, presbyter in Sicca Veneria (North Africa), early 5th c."
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Bishops appeals system. Pope
Zosimus, citing what he claimed was a
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of numerous unspecified crimes in the early 5th century AD, and
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was an
African Christian priest convicted by the Bishops of
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In 418, Apiarius appealed his convictions directly to
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