Antisemitism in the United Kingdom

2311:. A study by the Institute for Jewish Policy Research in September 2017 found that "Levels of antisemitism among those on the left-wing of the political spectrum, including the far-left, are indistinguishable from those found in the general population. Yet, all parts of those on the left of the political spectrum exhibit higher levels of anti Israelism than average." The report found that "...anti-Israel attitudes are not, as a general rule, antisemitic; but the stronger a person's anti-Israel views, the more likely they are to hold antisemitic attitudes. A majority of those who hold anti-Israel attitudes do not espouse any antisemitic attitudes, but a significant minority of those who hold anti-Israel attitudes hold them alongside antisemitic attitudes. Therefore, antisemitism and anti-Israel attitudes exist both separately and together." The study stated that in "surveys of attitudes towards ethnic and religious minorities...The political left, captured by voting intention or actual voting for Labour, appears in these surveys as a more Jewish-friendly, or neutral, segment of the population." According to a European Union Fundamental Rights Agency survey in 2018, victims in the UK in instances where they ascribed a political viewpoint, perceived 43% of the perpetrators of the most serious attack or threat they had experienced to be "someone with a left-wing view". In 2022, 17% of hate crimes were against Jews, which account for 0.5% of the British population. 2295:, "anti-Semitism isn't just tolerated in some sections of the British Muslim community; it's routine and commonplace". A 2016 survey by the Institute for Jewish Policy Research found that the prevalence of antisemitic views among Muslims was two to four times higher than the rest of the population and that there was a positive correlation between Muslim religiosity and antisemitism. According to the Community Security Trust, in incidents where a physical description of the perpetrator was provided, 9% were described as being of Arab or North African appearance and a further 13% of south Asian appearance. However, very few incidents included Islamist expressions. According to a European Union Fundamental Rights Agency survey in 2018, victims in the UK, in instances where they ascribed a political viewpoint, perceived 38% of the perpetrators of the most serious attack or threat they had experienced to be "someone with a Muslim extremist view". 2347:(2023-ongoing). Incidents connected to the conflict have included a convoy of cars with Palestinian flags driving through East Finchley, an area of London with a sizeable Jewish community, and the driver of one of the cars being recorded yelling "fuck their mothers, rape their daughters". The sharp rise in the number of reported incidents from 2016 onwards followed increased media coverage of antisemitism and may be an increase in actual incidents, or in reporting, or both. Around a quarter of reported incidents in 2018 took place on social media. The largest increases are in threats and abusive behaviour. The Trust believes that the total number of incidents is significantly higher than that reported. 2244: 1579: 3471:, the proportion of British Jews who had contemplated emigration due to antisemitism at some point in the previous five years was 18% in 2012, and 29% five years later in 2017. In the latter survey, three-quarters of those who had contemplated leaving said that they were considering moving to Israel. However, emigration to Israel fell by 11% between the two five-year periods and was much lower than the contemplated level, at 2899 people in total during 2008–2012 and 2579 in total during 2013–2017, or about 1% of the community during each five-year period. 1723: 1410: 39: 2995: 2934: 3942:, Cambridge University Press, Steven G. Marks, page 10, quote: "And in England, the Social Democratic Federation newspaper Justice state that "the Jew financier" was the "personification of international capitalism" – an opinion repeated in the anti-Semitic diatribes of John A. Hobson, the socialist writer who wrote one of the earliest English books with "capitalism" in the title and helped to familiarize Britons with the concept" 3262:, which found "no evidence" of systemic antisemitism in Labour, though there was an "occasionally toxic atmosphere". The Select Committee in 2016 concluded that "...there exists no reliable, empirical evidence to support the notion that there is a higher prevalence of antisemitic attitudes within the Labour Party than any other political party". It also found that Jeremy Corbyn had shown a "lack of consistent 6660: 3145:. Its report stated that "until recently, the prevailing opinion both within the Jewish community and beyond that antisemitism had receded to the point that it existed only on the margins of society." It found a reversal of this progress since 2000. The inquiry was reconstituted following a surge in antisemitic incidents in Britain during the summer of 2014, at the time of the 3266:", which "has created what some have referred to as a 'safe space' for those with vile attitudes towards Jewish people" and that "The failure of the Labour Party to deal consistently and effectively with anti-Semitic incidents in recent years risks lending force to allegations that elements of the Labour movement are institutionally anti-Semitic." 2977:

found that about a quarter of Jews in the UK had felt offended or threatened over the last year, increasing to one third over the last five years. In the same survey, 24% of British Jews had witnessed other Jews being verbally insulted or harassed and/or physically attacked in the past 12 months, of

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in September 2017 found that "The most antisemitic group on the political spectrum consists of those who identify as very right-wing: the presence of antisemitic attitudes in this group is 2 to 4 times higher compared to the general population." The study stated that in "surveys of attitudes towards

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a Jew is bad but what is a Sham-Jew, a Quack-Jew? And how can a real Jew ... try to be Senator, or even Citizen of any Country, except his own wretched Palestine, whither all his thoughts and steps and efforts tend,-where, in the Devil's name, let him arrive as soon as possible, and make us quit of

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Immediately following the war, a large number of refugees entered the UK, but few were Jewish Holocaust survivors as immigration policy barred Jews because it did not consider them easily assimilable. A cabinet minister argued in 1945 that "the admission of a further batch of refugees, many of whom

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conducted what it called "the largest and most detailed survey of attitudes towards Jews and Israel ever conducted in Great Britain." The survey found that the levels of antisemitism in Great Britain were among the lowest in the world, with 2.4% expressing multiple antisemitic attitudes, and about

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were discouraged from speaking German and encouraged to assimilate into the culture, which was often accomplished at the expense of their personal history and identity. A law was enacted in the 1930s to ensure that no more than 5% of the total students in a school were Jewish, limiting the rate at

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announced plans to spend over £30m on a new set of galleries over two floors at its London site covering the Holocaust and its importance in World War II. The galleries are set to open in 2021 and will replace the existing permanent Holocaust exhibition. The government is contributing £75m to the

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It was difficult for the refugees to find work, regardless of their education, except as domestics. This also meant that Jewish refugees who were physicians could not practise medicine, even though there was a shortage of health care providers. Some of the concern was economic. During a period of

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in 1655. By the 1800s, an increasing toleration of religious minorities gradually helped to eliminate legal restrictions on public employment and political representation. However, Jewish financiers were seen by some as holding disproportionate influence on British government policy, particularly

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showed that of, six countries participating, the population of the UK had almost the most favourable views of Jews. While 78% of these six European countries have a favourable opinion of Jewish people and 13% did not, 83% of the UK population hold positive views, and only 7% hold unfavourable

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Where a motivation was evident, incidents reported to the Community Security Trust split roughly between one third which are far-right and two-thirds which are anti-Israel. In other cases, the motivation is unclear because the perpetrator either did not communicate a clear rationale or used a

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in 2018 found that far-right motivation or beliefs accounted for nearly one third of the 16% of incidents reported to them as antisemitic and with an identifiable political or ideological motivation. According to a European Union Fundamental Rights Agency survey in 2018, victims in the UK, in

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wrote "that the dirty, destitute, diseased, verminous and criminal foreigner who dumps himself on our soil and rates simultaneously, shall be forbidden to land". Antisemitism broke out into violence in South Wales in 1902 and 1903 where Jews were assaulted. One of the main objectives of the

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in 2023 indicated that, compared to the general population (one in twenty), double the proportion of 18-24 year olds in Britain (almost one in ten) do not believe that Jewish people are just as loyal to Britain as other British people. A year prior, in 2022, a survey conducted by

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with the Oath of Abjuration Act, which declared an oath of abjuration, containing the words "upon the faith of a Christian," to be necessary for all officers, civil or military, under the crown or in the universities, and for all lawyers, voters, and members of Parliament.

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which Jewish children could be admitted to state schools. The press, which was generally not supportive of refugees, incorrectly reported that there were more Jews in Britain than had been in Germany in the summer of 1938. Kushner and Katharine Knox state in their book

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in 1936, where police trying to ensure the march could proceed failed to clear barricades erected and defended by unionised dock workers, socialists, anarchists, communists, Jews and other anti-fascists. Other antisemitic organisations in the 1930s included the

2068:, "Of all the groups in the 20th century, refugees from Nazism are now widely and popularly perceived as 'genuine', but at the time German, Austrian and Czechoslovakian Jews were treated with ambivalence and outright hostility as well as sympathy." 4062:

The Aliens Restriction Act 1914 introduced sweeping powers to restrict alien immigration and to provide for deportation. After the war the Aliens Restriction (Amendment) Act 1919 extended the 1914 provisions into peace-time and added severe new

2049: 3930:, M. P. Cowen, Routledge, page 259, quote:"Rampant anti-Semitism should be recognized, not least because it is John A. Hobson, one of the most rabid anti-Semites of the period, who is the inspiration, alongside Schumpeter and Veblen, for... 1909:

was linked to a broader protest, mounted in the main by the Radical wing of the Liberal Party, against the growing visibility of successful businessmen in national life and the challenges. What were seen as traditional English values."

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lived in England prior to then. Jews were subjected to discrimination and humiliation, which waxed and waned over the centuries, gradually decreasing as Jews made commercial, philanthropic and sporting contributions to the country.

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was formed, with the support of prominent politicians, organising marches and petitions. At rallies, its speakers said that Britain should not become "the dumping ground for the scum of Europe". In 1905, an editorial in the

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for variously exacerbating or failing to address antisemitism. The report made a series of recommendations, including the formal adoption by the UK government, with additional caveats (for example, on free speech), of the

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instances where they ascribed a political viewpoint, perceived 20% of the perpetrators of the most serious attack or threat they had experienced to be "someone with a right-wing political view". In 2016, research by the

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intelligence reports found examples of prejudice against Jews, including refugees from Nazi-occupied Europe, in almost all parts of the country, with Jews being a "scapegoat as an outlet for emotional disturbances".

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I remember a member saying, 'If I had my way, Berkoff, people like you wouldn't be allowed in this place.' And I said, 'Sorry, when you say people like me, do you mean lower-class or Jewish?' To which he replied,

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The 2016 Select Committee enquiry found that, although the threat that the far right posed to Jews had fallen, "Holocaust denial and Jewish conspiracy theories remain core elements of far-right ideology" and the

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in 2018 found that references to Israel accounted for nearly two-thirds of the 16% of antisemitic incidents with an identifiable political or ideological motivation. For some, contemporary anti-Zionism is itself

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Recent survey findings have suggested that certain attitudes which have been defined as antisemitic may be more common among younger generations in Britain than older ones. For instance, a poll conducted by the

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8/8/47 and 22/8/47, both p. 1. See also Bagon, Paul (2003). "The Impact of the Jewish Underground upon Anglo Jewry: 1945–1947". St Antony's College, University of Oxford M-Phil thesis (mainly the conclusion)

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to tackle religious-based hate crime in higher education. In September 2019, the government announced a grant of £100,000 to the Antisemitism Policy Trust to produce videos to combat antisemitism online.

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reportedly indicated that, while only 12% of Brits aged 75+ agreed Jews have an ‘unhealthy control over the world banking system’, 34% of 18-24 year olds agreed this was ‘probably’ or ‘definitely’ true.

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abolished the requirement for university staff and students to be adherents of the Church of England. In 1890, under the Religious Disabilities Removal Bill, all restrictions for every position in the

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would be Jews, might provoke strong reactions from certain sections of public opinion. There was a real risk of a wave of anti-semitic feeling in this country". Nevertheless, in the aftermath of

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A spokesman for Reform said that, while the party defended its "candidates' right to freedom of speech", they "act fast when we find that individuals' statements' fall beneath our standards."

5857: 3247:(BNP) continues to stir up trouble and damages societal cohesion. The report also provided evidence of antisemitism in the Conservative Party, including an alleged "toxic environment" in the 1776:

that antisemitism was lower in the United Kingdom than in a number of other European countries and that this was so for a number of reasons: Protestants shared with Jews an emphasis on the

4638: 7830: 1792:; with fewer Jews in the UK, Jews had a lesser commercial and financial role than in some other countries, reducing both real and perceived conflicts, and; Britain's early adoption of 5479: 7914: 2060: 2002: 6617: 3442: 7877: 6158: 2331:. Over 2014–18, around one fifth of the reported incidents occurred on social media. The level typically rises following events related to Israel or the wider Middle East. The 4091: 2015:

to incite hatred against Jews in the 1930s. However, a planned fascist march through the east end of London, with its large Jewish population, had to be abandoned due to the

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of 1190, one of a series of massacres of Jews across England, resulted in an estimated 150 Jews taking their own lives or being immolated. The earliest recorded images of

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In 2017–18 the police in England and Wales (excluding Lancashire) recorded 1191 antisemitic hate crimes, which excludes some behaviours recorded by the CST. Taking the

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ethnic and religious minorities... The most consistently found pattern across different surveys is heightened animosity towards Jews on the political right..." The

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whom 18% were family members. Only about one fifth of incidents were reported. In 2023, there were 4,103 antisemitic incidents in 2023 compared to 1,510 in 2022.

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held in April 1943 held to consider the issue of European Jews, whether liberated or under Nazi rule, by which time it was known that the Nazi regime intended to

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Mcgeever, Brendan, and Satnam Virdee. "Antisemitism and Socialist Strategy in Europe, 1880–1917: An Introduction." Patterns of Prejudice 51.3–4 (2017): 229

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indicates that nearly half of a "self-selecting" sample of British Jews have considered leaving the UK in response to increased antisemitism following the

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found that 90% of antisemitic posts on social media in the UK were made by white males under the age of 40 with affiliations to extreme right-wing groups.

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Antisemitic attitudes in the UK are higher amongst those on the far-right, and religious Muslims. Contemporary antisemitism is also prevalent on the left.

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noted that, while he had never faced antisemitic abuse from Labour Party members, “I did experience antisemitism from members of the Conservative Party.”

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who believed that all Jews should be expelled to Palestine, disliking what he perceived as Jews' materialism and archaic forms of religion. In 1858, the

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Enstad, Johannes Due. "Antisemitic Violence in Europe, 2005–2015. Exposure and Perpetrators in France, UK, Germany, Sweden, Denmark and Russia." (2017).

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Hillman, N. (2001). "Tell me chum, in case I got it wrong. What was it we were fighting during the war? The Re-emergence of British Fascism, 1945-58".

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at the earliest opportunity...and use it when considering matters such as disciplinary procedures. Failure to act in this regard is unacceptable."

6327: 5143: 4761: 2283:, significantly contribute to antisemitism. The underlying roots are complex and include historic attitudes, domestic and political tensions, the 7239: 7002: 4645: 738: 625: 6516:

Stacey, Robert C. (2003). "The English Jews Under Henry III: Historical, Literary and Archaeological Perspectives". In Skinner, Patricia (ed.).

4671: 4416: 3979: 2302:, principally, though not exclusively, from the left as well as from Muslims, has been associated with antisemitic attitudes and incidents. The 6344: 6236:"Almost 70% of British Jews are hiding their identity and almost half have considered leaving Britain since 7th October, new CAA polling shows" 5625: 1705: 1680:) on his upper garments. After being expelled from a number of towns during previous decades, this early Jewish presence in England ended with 1569: 1437: 1333: 6080: 6691: 5429: 2047:, there were, according to British Jewish associations, more than 500,000 case files of Jews who were not admitted. Louise London, author of 1523:

In the second half of the 20th century, while the Jewish community became generally accepted, antisemitic sentiment persisted within British

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held an inquiry into antisemitism in the UK. The inquiry called party leaders and others to give evidence. Its report was critical of the

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has provided 'The Jewish Community Protective Security Grant' for the security of synagogues, schools and other Jewish centres, with the

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as a place of heritage for the public, to open a Holocaust Education and Learning Centre in Huddersfield and to refresh and expand the

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70% having a favourable opinion of Jews. However, only 17% had a favourable opinion of Israel, with 33% holding an unfavourable view.

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included a further series of massacres of Jews, with the objective of destroying the records of debts held by moneylenders. In 1275,

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said "I will use my position as Secretary of State to write to all universities and local authorities to insist that they adopt the

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Half of young Brits aged 18-24 hold antisemitic views according to polls. 46% of British adults believe an antisemitic allegation.

7636: 5709: 5693: 4962: 2096: 1528: 1517: 5725: 4677:. International Study Group Education and Research on Antisemitism Colloquium I: Aspects of Antisemitism in the UK. Archived from 7449: 6941: 6132: 6054: 5214: 1554: 524: 3329: 2192: 1318: 3332:, was sacked by the party when it emerged that he had tweeted in 2019, "Most Jews are reasonable people. Their problem is the 2089: 6625: 6525: 6435: 6416: 4055: 3769: 3688: 3185: 1349: 90: 1803:, the obsolete 1275 law, "De Judaismo", was repealed. There continued to be opposition to emancipation from figures such as 7723: 7574: 7564: 7547: 7542: 7459: 6545: 4502: 3843: 3468: 3078: 2263: 2248: 1229: 202: 192: 145: 135: 5331: 1975:, to which half the paper's staff contributed. Later exposed as a forgery, they were initially accepted, with a leader in 7584: 7557: 6988: 6185:"'We Won't Look the Other Way' | U.K.'s Starmer Unveils Mandatory Holocaust Education Curriculum Amid Antisemitism Spike" 5647: 4997: 4442: 3825: 3210: 1964: 1848: 1701: 732: 645: 311: 222: 185: 5246: 7805: 7599: 7579: 6907: 6876: 6849: 6781: 6506: 6456: 6391: 6372: 6316: 6297: 5950: 3851: 3449: 3194: 3122: 2967: 1430: 1343: 930: 514: 269: 247: 207: 105: 4308: 4142: 7680: 6871: 6684: 5558: 4781: 4404: 3963: 3666: 2199: 1323: 638: 534: 447: 318: 5531:

Antisemitism in the UK, Tenth Report of Session 2016–17. Report, together with formal minutes relating to the report

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in 2018 and 2019 provided significant funding for conservation and a religious, educational and cultural centre for

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Lee Harpin, 'Conservative MP accuses chief rabbi of demanding 'special status' for Britain's Jews' (02/10/19) in

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From 1882 to 1919, Jewish numbers in Britain increased fivefold, from 46,000 to 250,000, due to the exodus from

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Allegations of antisemitism in the Labour Party have been, especially in the period after its members elected

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saw some antisemitic opposition, which would result in increasingly restrictive immigration laws. An emerging

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high unemployment, the British were concerned about losing job opportunities due to the influx of refugees.

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on 7 July 1753 but was repealed in 1754 due to widespread opposition to its provisions. For the purpose of

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The Holocaust is the only compulsory subject in the national history curriculum in secondary schools. The

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were removed being thrown open to every British subject without distinction of creed, except for that of

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pledged to increase funding, bringing the total amount allocated from 2015 to 2019 to £65.2 million.

3344:, was "a Jew and closer to Cultural Marxism than Christianity. Is his aim to destroy Christianity?". 3248: 3146: 2974: 2336: 2262:

remain core elements of far-right ideology. A study into contemporary antisemitism in Britain by the

2012: 1971: 1956:, launched in 1919, which called for British Jews to be deported en masse to Palestine. In 1920, the 1793: 1781: 1293: 1165: 335: 130: 125: 118: 4253: 4172: 3007: 2946: 1504:

campaigns, was accompanied by a government policy of restricting the inflow of Jewish refugees from

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The majority of reports of antisemitic incidents are from areas where most Jews live: Metropolitan

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However, Jews were restricted by laws aimed primarily at Catholics and nonconformists, such as the

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When war was declared, Britain no longer allowed immigration from Nazi-controlled countries. The

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Whitehall and the Jews, 1933–1948: British Immigration Policy, Jewish Refugees and the Holocaust

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data alone, the number rose by 15% in the following year, from 519 to 597. Comparisons with the

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which accused Jews of ritual murder originated in England in the 12th century: examples include

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in 1938, attended by 32 countries, failed to reach agreement on accepting Jewish refugees from

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to survey British attitudes towards Jews. The 2017 survey found that 30% of supporters of the

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are regarded by many as antisemitic. For some, criticism of Israel and anti-Zionism is itself

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If Boris Johnson really cared about Jews, he'd stop using us to distract from his own bigotry

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also argued that "Jewish bankers" and "imperialist Judaism" were the cause of the conflict.

1578: 7382: 7333: 7305: 7028: 6958: 6744: 5766: 5680: 4195:"'You must all be Interned': Identity Among Internees in Great Britain during World War II" 2344: 2288: 2141: 1878: 1808: 1737: 1665: 1645: 1606: 1397: 1204: 1155: 1100: 858: 798: 683: 472: 3786: 3630: 3551: 3227:

endorsed at least one "antisemitic attitude", as defined by the CAA, compared with 32% of

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Antisemitic attitudes among the UK population by political position according to the 2017

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The IHRA definition is poorly drafted and has led to the suppression of legitimate debate

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Antisemitism in contemporary Great Britain: A study of attitudes towards Jews and Israel

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Haunted Presents: Europeans, Muslim Immigrants and the Onus of European-Jewish Histories

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asserting that Jews were part of a secretive "imperialist" cabal that promoted war. The

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In April 2024, Mick Greenhough, who was set to stand as a parliamentary candidate for

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all blamed "Jewish capitalists" as "being behind the war and imperialism in general".

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Legislating against hate: outlawing racism and antisemitism in Britain, Paul Iganski

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Antisemitism Summary overview of the situation in the European Union 2001–2011, EUMC

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Catalogue of the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition, Royal Albert Hall, London, 1887

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and published its report in 2015, making recommendations for reducing antisemitism.

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on the "grounds of colour, race, or ethnic or national origins" in public places in

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In addition to anti-immigration campaigners, there were antisemitic groups, notably

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held similar views. According to one historian, "The Jew baiting at the time of the

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One of the earliest images of Jews being persecuted in Britain from the 13th century

7229: 7224: 7098: 6771: 5023: 4370: 3350:

In August 2024, Jewish members of the Labour Party sent a letter to Prime Minister

3310: 3126: 2308: 2255: 1886: 1677: 1649: 1090: 1035: 975: 840: 598: 442: 400: 95: 5923: 5598: 3003: 2942: 7255: 7008: 6478: 5748: 5430:"Third of 18-24 year-olds believe Jews have 'unhealthy control' of world's banks" 5176:"Attitudes Toward Jews and the Middle East in Six European Countries – July 2007" 5075:"Religious hate crimes: Jews in England and Wales account for 17% of all victims" 4820:"Religious hate crimes: Jews in England and Wales account for 17% of all victims" 4396: 4180:

Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies, Yad Vashem

4098: 3425:

The government is funding the anti-prejudice charities, the Anne Frank Trust and

3282: 3142: 2184: 2152: 2113: 2044: 1938: 1906: 1844: 1828: 1711: 1524: 1497: 1481: 1382: 1080: 1015: 990: 985: 970: 960: 950: 925: 703: 678: 6106: 5762:

Focusing only on Labour whitewashes the antisemitism and racism of other parties

4909:"Four charged after convoy with yells of 'f*** the Jews' heard in Finchley Road" 4723:"British Muslims twice as likely to espouse anti-Semitic views, survey suggests" 4282: 3281:, senior Conservative politicians have been accused of antisemitism – including 1672:. The first dated portrait of an English Jew is the 1277 antisemitic caricature 1050: 7387: 7197: 7165: 7130: 7051: 5713: 5697: 4194: 3438: 3376: 3333: 3298: 3177: 2207: 2172: 2085: 1990: 1820: 1804: 1715: 1614: 1486: 1458: 1209: 1125: 1115: 1110: 945: 887: 519: 180: 51: 47: 5664:

JLM lambasts Priti Patel for 'North London metropolitan liberal elite' comment

3313:, as have Liberal Democrat parliamentary candidates. In an interview with the 8001: 7360: 7202: 7135: 6982: 6474: 5820:"Ex-Reform UK candidate decries Ashkenazi Jews, had Holocaust denial on blog" 5299:"Over a quarter of British people 'hold anti-Semitic attitudes', study finds" 4742:"Over a quarter of British people 'hold anti-Semitic attitudes', study finds" 4345: 3306: 3290: 3255: 3100: 2328: 2211: 2164: 2105: 1894: 1777: 1634: 1377: 1298: 1182: 1075: 1060: 1030: 910: 660: 6934: 6482: 5898:"Home Office raises grant for protection of Jewish institutions by £600,000" 5880:"Jewish UK Labour Party members accuse PM Starmer of worsening antisemitism" 5626:"Labour accused of 'incompetence' in dealing with anti-Semitism allegations" 3940:

The Information Nexus: Global Capitalism from the Renaissance to the Present

3336:

who have caused the world massive misery." Greenhough had also claimed that

1508:

controlled territories. Notwithstanding sympathy for the Jews following the

566: 7424: 7370: 7234: 7046: 6946: 6897: 6754: 6700: 5507: 5404:"Poll finds 'frightening' rates of antisemitism among young British public" 5360:"Poll finds 'frightening' rates of antisemitism among young British public" 3918:

John Allett Jewish Social Studies Vol. 49, No. 2 (Spring, 1987), pp. 99–114

3456: 3351: 3337: 3314: 3294: 2299: 2202:, Jews, along with other groups, received formal legal protection from the 2156: 2129: 2040: 2036: 1958: 1898: 1856: 1757: 1653: 1638: 1505: 1454: 1450: 1392: 1251: 1192: 1095: 980: 965: 803: 494: 38: 30: 6647: 6556:

Haters, Baiters and Would-be Dictators: Anti-Semitism and the UK Far Right

1925:. By the turn of the century, a popular and media backlash had begun. The 588: 7708: 7287: 7093: 7088: 7056: 5782:"John Bercow says he was subject to antisemitic abuse from Conservatives" 5667: 5651: 5298: 5100:

https://cst.org.uk/news/blog/2024/02/15/antisemitic-incidents-report-2023

3380: 3368: 3318: 3302: 3286: 2292: 2214:, and from successor legislation. However, far right groups, such as the 1982: 1953: 1890: 1860: 1796:

with liberal principles acted to promote individual and civil liberties.

1789: 1753: 1602: 1501: 1493: 1462: 1085: 786: 499: 435: 1695: 7479: 7365: 7282: 7013: 6952: 6408: 5726:

Theresa May under fire after unveiling statue of 'Nazi-sympathising' MP

4741: 3915: 3263: 2025: 1882: 1630: 1492:

Significant Jewish migration from Eastern Europe in the years prior to

1359: 1187: 1070: 1065: 1045: 955: 940: 915: 863: 713: 504: 430: 6567:"Labour fringe speaker's Holocaust remarks spark new antisemitism row" 6258:"Nearly half of UK Jews considered leaving due to antisemitism - poll" 6107:"Campus anti-Semitism must be stamped out, says universities minister" 5976:"Bevis Marks gets £2.8m in Lottery money towards conservation project" 4374: 3916:

New Liberalism, Old Prejudices: J. A. Hobson and the "Jewish Question"

3002:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

2941:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

2148:, there was widespread anti-Jewish rioting across the United Kingdom. 1594:

in 1066. The earliest Jewish settlement was documented in about 1070.

7402: 7277: 7272: 7160: 5455:"Key recommendations include call for police and council involvement" 5098:

CST, 2023 ANTISEMITIC INCIDENTS REPORT 2023 report, 15 February 2024

4018: 3325: 2970:

suggest that less than half of hate crime is reported to the police.

2180: 1977: 1765: 1741: 1509: 1236: 853: 823: 818: 358: 4644:. All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism. Archived from 2124:

Anti-Jewish sentiments became widespread around 1947 in response to

1941:

was to control such immigration. Restrictions were increased in the

1563: 1520:

caused some resentment and would trigger anti-Jewish riots in 1947.

7376: 7292: 7145: 7104: 5850:"Reform UK drops two more election candidates over racist comments" 5208:"Attitudes Toward Jews in Seven European Countries – February 2009" 4397:"British Social Movements Since 1945: Sex, Colour, Peace and Power" 3732:"BBC – Religions – Judaism: Readmission of Jews to Britain in 1656" 2280: 2183:

meetings, infiltrated fascist groups, and attacked the fascists in

2176: 1918: 1902: 1474: 1328: 1198: 813: 556: 6466: 6081:"Imperial War Museum's £30m plan to show how Holocaust shaped war" 5536:(Report). House of Commons Home Affairs Committee. 13 October 2016 4443:"On this day: 8 December 1965: New UK race law 'not tough enough'" 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 2179:, led by Jewish ex-servicemen, which, from 1945 to 1950, broke up 1688:

in 1290. Subsequently, converted Jews were allowed to live in the

1477:

period, which culminated in their expulsion from England in 1290.

4639:"Report of the All-Party Parliamentary Inquiry into Antisemitism" 3661:

Prestwich, Michael. Edward I p 345 (1997) Yale University Press.

3181: 2168: 2133: 2039:. While Britain eventually accepted 70,000 up to the outbreak of 2003:

Jewish refugees from German-occupied Europe in the United Kingdom

1626: 1470: 881: 874: 835: 808: 6618:

Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism

6363:

Filby, Liza (2005). "Religion and Belief". In Thane, Pat (ed.).

6328:"New Anti-Semitism Scandal Prompts U.K. Labour to Tighten Rules" 3443:

Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government

3354:, accusing him and his party of actions worsening antisemitism. 2298:

Contemporary antisemitism also manifests on the political left.

1729:

poster, from 1902, aiming at stemming Jewish immigration to the

7397: 7353: 7175: 7110: 6749: 6669: 6659: 4794:

Antisemitism and the left: On the return of the Jewish question

4232:

Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

3535: 3220: 2320: 1744:, which restricted public offices in England to members of the 1219: 1175: 425: 6428:

The Accommodated Jew: English Antisemitism from Bede to Milton

5330:(Report). Institute for Jewish Policy Research. Archived from 5240:"Attitudes Toward Jews in Ten European Countries – March 2012" 5144:"Attitudes Toward Jews in Twelve European Countries – May 205" 6345:"Labour to adopt new antisemitism rules after conference row" 6133:"Communities Secretary commits funding to tackle online hate" 5525: 5523: 5521: 2145: 1889:

in 1900, asserted that the British Army itself had become "a

1669: 774: 6609:

From Ambivalence to Betrayal: The Left, the Jews, and Israel

6055:"National Holocaust Centre and Museum secures £97,100 grant" 4998:"Incidence of Antisemitism Worldwide Debate on 20 June 2019" 1656:. Its practical application is not recorded. In 1264–7, the 6290:

Fascists: A Social Psychological View of the National Front

4617:"THE RISE OF ANTI SEMITISM ON SOCIAL MEDIA SUMMARY OF 2016" 4478: 4476: 3876: 3864: 3118: 3059:

Jews have too much power in international financial markets

2222:, founded in 1982, continued to express antisemitic views. 2109: 1692:(house of the converted) with records up to at least 1551. 1466: 5599:"Chakrabarti inquiry: Labour not overrun by anti-Semitism" 5518: 5480:"Inquiry on anti-Semitism launched – News from Parliament" 4522: 4520: 4261:

The International School for Holocaust Studies, Yad Vashem

4213:– via The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. 1838: 4854:. Department for Communities and Local Government Britain 4537: 4535: 1815:

to Christians, allowing Jews to become MPs. In 1871, the

5710:'Who's behind the 'dark money' bankrolling our politics? 5694:

The Tories are exploiting Jewish fears over antisemitism

4473: 3745: 6384:

New British Fascism: Rise of the British National Party

4517: 1473:

in 1070. They experienced a series of massacres in the

6131:

Jenrick, Robert; Skidmore, Chris (15 September 2019).

6079:

Morrison, Jonathan; Burgess, Kaya (3 September 2019).

5648:

We need to talk about the Tories' antisemitism problem

5024:"Anti-Semitism pervades European life, says EU report" 4799: 4532: 4115: 4034:, (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994) p. 98. 3888: 3375:

as the Grant Recipient. It was introduced in 2015 and

3277:

parties. For example, since the start in July 2019 of

2007:

Popular sentiment against immigration was used by the

1811:

removed the restriction of the oath of office for the

1764:, the test acts were repealed in 1828 but replaced by 6565:

Weaver, Matthew; Elgot, Jessica (26 September 2017).

6211:"Leaving or remaining? We're still thinking about it" 5586:

Beware cherry-picked stats on Labour and antisemitism

4845:"Government Action on Antisemitism final 24 December" 3815:. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. p. 459. 3141:

held an inquiry into antisemitism at the time of the

2195:, founded in 1962, maintained a far right tradition. 1772:

Despite these restrictions, it has been suggested by

1696:

17th to 19th centuries: Readmittance and emancipation

5814: 5812: 4068: 3523: 3279:

Boris Johnson's leadership of the Conservative party

1469:- since a Jewish community was first established in 4461: 4192: 4103: 3982:. Board of Deputies of British Jews. Archived from 3459:announced a mandatory Holocaust education program. 3258:as leader in 2015. In 2016 Labour commissioned the 3018:Trends in Antisemitic Attitudes in United Kingdom. 1859:were a driving force behind it, with Labour leader 1847:(1899–1902), some opposed to the war asserted that 6490: 5780: 5591: 5322: 4086:Andre Liebich: "The Antisemitism of Henry Steed", 3753: 3679:Jacobs, Joseph; Wolf, Lucien (20 September 2012). 3053:Jews are more loyal to Israel than to this country 1962:published over 17 or 18 articles a translation of 6520:. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. pp. 41–54. 6365:Unequal Britain: Equalities in Britain Since 1945 6238:. Campaign Against Antisemitism. 27 November 2023 5809: 4222: 4220: 3317:in January 2020, former House of Commons speaker 2071: 1564:11th to 13th centuries: Persecution and expulsion 7999: 7450:Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP) 5924:"Sajid Javid vows to tackle anti-Semitism in UK" 5842: 4757: 4755: 4143:"Immigration and asylum: We've been here before" 3951: 7003:The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews 6309:Countering Contemporary Antisemitism in Britain 6130: 6078: 5951:"The Failure of Holocaust Education in Britain" 2351:Annual Incidents Figures by Category 1997–2018 1969:which subsequently formed the basis of a book, 5553: 5551: 4217: 4050:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 16–17. 4032:The Jewish Chronicle and Anglo-Jewry 1841–1991 3577:"BBC – Religions – Judaism: York pogrom, 1190" 3056:Jews have too much power in the business world 1710:Jews were readmitted to the United Kingdom by 1706:Emancipation of the Jews in the United Kingdom 1676:, in which he wears the English yellow badge ( 1641:are found in the Royal tax records from 1233. 1518:Zionist attacks on British forces in Palestine 1334:U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism 7724: 6685: 5054:. Fundamental Rights Agency. 2018. p. 56 5049:"Experiences and perceptions of antisemitism" 4752: 4597:. Fundamental Rights Agency. 2018. p. 54 4592:"Experiences and perceptions of antisemitism" 4043: 3958:. University of California Press. p. 9. 3515:"United Kingdom Virtual Jewish History Tour." 3474:In December 2023, poll data collected by the 3429:and has provided significant funding via the 3269:Antisemitism is also alleged to exist in the 3121:references and anti-Israel expressions. Some 1885:, a Liberal Party socialist, speaking in the 1431: 7460:Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) 6400: 5290: 4672:"Antisemitism Among Young Muslims in London" 4631: 4496:"Antisemitism in Contemporary Great Britain" 4186: 3882: 3509: 3507: 3191:International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance 3062:Jews still talk too much about the Holocaust 2975:European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights 2043:, in addition to the 10,000 children on the 1989:and calling them the greatest threat to the 6564: 5548: 4360: 4354: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 1799:In 1846, at the insistence of Irish leader 7738: 7731: 7717: 6971:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death 6692: 6678: 6584: 5948: 5325:Antisemitism in contemporary Great Britain 5316: 4968:. Community Security Trust. Archived from 4882:. Community Security Trust. Archived from 4871: 4869: 4283:"When truth trumped propaganda in wartime" 4140: 3894: 3813:Antisemitism in the English-Speaking World 3810: 3678: 3643: 1570:History of the Jews in England (1066–1290) 1438: 1424: 6535:Staetsky, L. Daniel (12 September 2017). 6430:. Cornell University Press. p. 392. 6325: 5890: 3683:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8. 3504: 3207:Antisemitism in the UK Conservative Party 2142:hanging of two abducted British sergeants 1541:History of the Jews in the United Kingdom 6602: 6534: 6488: 5778: 5617: 5376: 4805: 4541: 4526: 4280: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4127: 4121: 3870: 3751: 3655: 3413:in Nottinghamshire. In August 2019, the 2242: 1721: 1577: 769: 6444: 6425: 6381: 6306: 5500: 4955: 4866: 4482: 3837: 3649: 3529: 3069:Research published in June 2015 by the 1839:1900s to 1920s: Finance and immigration 1756:by application to Parliament, received 1555:History of the Jews in Northern Ireland 8000: 6552: 6515: 6326:Donaldson, Kitty (27 September 2017). 6287: 6182: 6156: 5579: 5270: 4467: 4074: 3909: 3628: 3616: 3593: 3467:According to surveys conducted by the 3113:combination of some or all of classic 1319:Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism 7712: 6673: 6401:Judd, Denis; Surridge, Keith (2013). 6362: 6342: 6104: 5949:Whitehouse, Rosie (16 October 2018). 5640: 5503:"How should antisemitism be defined?" 5354: 5352: 5323:L. Daniel Staetsky (September 2017). 5021: 4992: 4990: 4932: 4930: 4702: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4567:. Community Security Trust. p. 9 4556: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4306: 4160: 4109: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3933: 3921: 3760:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 3756:Cassell's Chronology of World History 3587: 3455:In September 2024, UK Prime Minister 1350:Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism 396:during the Israel-Hamas war (2023-24) 91:Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism 6546:Institute for Jewish Policy Research 6343:Elgot, Jessica (26 September 2017). 6208: 6052: 6026: 5779:Giordano, Chiara (3 February 2020). 5588:, Channel 4 FactCheck, 25 April 2018 5273:"Faith in European Project Reviving" 4503:Institute for Jewish Policy Research 4281:Coughlan, Sean (11 September 2019). 3844:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press 3469:Institute for Jewish Policy Research 3390:provides significant funding to the 3200: 3079:Institute for Jewish Policy Research 2988: 2927: 2264:Institute for Jewish Policy Research 1714:in 1655, though it is believed that 6989:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 6497:. Oxford University Press. p. 6002:"Heritage Lottery Fund £1.7m award" 5623: 5296: 4963:"ANTISEMITIC INCIDENTS REPORT 2006" 4938:"ANTISEMITIC INCIDENTS REPORT 2018" 4877:"ANTISEMITIC INCIDENTS REPORT 2012" 4796:, Manchester University Press, 2018 4739: 4669: 4619:. World Jewish Congress. p. 70 4562:"ANTISEMITIC INCIDENTS REPORT 2018" 4435: 4419:. Board of Deputies. Archived from 3596:"The First Anti-Jewish Caricature?" 3211:Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party 2279:Some British Muslims, particularly 2187:. In the 1960s, groups such as the 1965:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 1702:Resettlement of the Jews in England 1597:Jews living in England from around 646:21 Paths to the Kingdom of Darkness 13: 8008:Antisemitism in the United Kingdom 7470:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) 6665:Antisemitism in the United Kingdom 6636: 6209:Boyd, Jonathan (6 February 2019). 6183:Rachel, Fink (17 September 2024). 5501:Bindman, Geoffrey (27 July 2018). 5349: 4987: 4927: 4579: 4547: 4044:Louise London (27 February 2003). 3998: 3804: 3784: 3703: 3552:"ENGLAND - JewishEncyclopedia.com" 3195:Working Definition of Antisemitism 3088: 2968:Crime Survey for England and Wales 1668:, which included the outlawing of 1344:Working definition of antisemitism 106:Working definition of antisemitism 14: 8019: 6653: 6157:Harpin, Lee (15 September 2019). 5860:from the original on 3 April 2024 5830:from the original on 7 April 2024 5297:May, Callum (13 September 2017). 4740:May, Callum (13 September 2017). 3955:The Jews of Britain, 1656 to 2000 3176:(particularly its then president 2200:Board of Deputies of British Jews 2050:Whitehall and the Jews, 1933–1948 1324:Union of Councils for Soviet Jews 7024:White genocide conspiracy theory 6699: 6658: 6250: 6228: 6202: 6176: 6150: 6124: 6105:Burns, Judith (30 August 2019). 6098: 6072: 6053:Frot, Mathilde (26 March 2019). 6046: 6027:Burn, Chris (6 September 2018). 6020: 5994: 5968: 5942: 5916: 5872: 5772: 5754: 5736: 5718: 5072: 5022:Kirby, Paul (10 December 2018). 4817: 2993: 2932: 2335:reported a large rise after the 2108:, undisguised, racial hatred of 2092:, though some did so illegally. 1409: 1408: 37: 7268:Institute for Historical Review 7188:General Order No. 11 (US, 1862) 6918:International Jewish conspiracy 6815: 6280: 5793:from the original on 7 May 2022 5702: 5686: 5672: 5656: 5494: 5472: 5447: 5422: 5396: 5370: 5264: 5232: 5200: 5168: 5136: 5104: 5092: 5066: 5041: 5015: 4901: 4837: 4811: 4786: 4766: 4733: 4715: 4696: 4663: 4609: 4488: 4409: 4389: 4339: 4326: 4300: 4274: 4246: 4080: 4037: 4024: 3972: 3945: 3900: 3831: 3819: 3811:Rubenstein, William D. (2010). 3778: 3724: 3697: 3672: 2260:antisemitic conspiracy theories 2225: 2161:British League of Ex-Servicemen 2086:exterminate them where it could 1752:, which allowed Jews to become 1551:History of the Jews in Scotland 733:Protocols of the Elders of Zion 6262:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 4774:Contemporary Left Antisemitism 4703:Hasan, Mehdi (21 March 2013). 3622: 3610: 3569: 3123:expressions criticising Israel 2072:World War II and its aftermath 2066:Refugees in an Age of Genocide 1921:, many of whom settled in the 1547:History of the Jews in England 689:Hunter (William Luther Pierce) 1: 7465:Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC) 7193:Racial policy of Nazi Germany 7171:Beilis trial (Russian Empire) 7141:Pogroms in the Russian Empire 5566:Campaign Against Antisemitism 5559:"Antisemitism Barometer 2017" 5383:Campaign Against Antisemitism 5271:Stokes, Bruce (2 June 2015). 4792:Philip Spencer, Robert Fine, 4351:Retrieved on 25 October 2008. 4199:Gettysburg Historical Journal 3497: 3476:Campaign Against Antisemitism 3362: 3235:(UKIP) supporters and 40% of 3217:Campaign Against Antisemitism 3154:Home Affairs Select Committee 3096:Campaign Against Antisemitism 2218:, founded in 1967, and a new 2138:British Mandate for Palestine 1500:in the 1930s, which launched 1283:Campaign Against Antisemitism 391:during the Gaza War (2008-09) 7445:Anti-Defamation League (ADL) 7151:1968 Polish political crisis 6614:University of Nebraska Press 5377:Jonathan (24 January 2024). 4505:. September 2017. p. 47 4363:Contemporary British History 4193:Elizabeth A. Atkins (2005). 3980:"Jews in Britain – Timeline" 3594:Lipton, Sara (6 June 2016). 3492:Racism in the United Kingdom 3462: 3411:Beth Shalom Holocaust Centre 3357: 3215:In 2015, 2016 and 2017, the 3137:In 2006, a group of British 3132: 3107: 2981: 2341:2021 Israel-Palestine crisis 2314: 2285:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2140:. In August 1947, after the 1933:Manchester Evening Chronicle 1849:Jewish gold mining operators 1788:with God, and a distrust of 1611:Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln 1559:History of the Jews in Wales 1272:Anti-antisemitism in Germany 764:Antisemitism on the Internet 552:Jewish war conspiracy theory 7: 7215:Night of the Murdered Poets 5003:. House of Lords. June 2019 4092:Retrieved 21 December 2016. 3485: 3480:2023 Hamas attack on Israel 3392:Holocaust Educational Trust 2287:, and globalisation of the 2230: 2193:National Socialist Movement 2191:, founded in 1960, and the 2119: 2022:Militant Christian Patriots 1943:Aliens Restriction Act 1914 1855:with their large stakes in 1625:forbade Jews from owning a 1309:Southern Poverty Law Center 468:COVID-19 pandemic incidents 10: 8024: 7210:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign 7181:Anti-Zionist League (Iraq) 7156:Jewish Anti-Zionist League 7121:Antisemitic laws, policies 6977:On the Jews and Their Lies 6445:Mundill, Robin R. (2010), 6367:. Bloomsbury. p. 56. 6307:Cardaun, Sarah K. (2015). 6292:. London: Academic Press. 4943:. Community Security Trust 4417:"Jews in Britain Timeline" 4307:Karpf, Ann (8 June 2002). 4141:Anne Karpf (7 June 2002). 3710:www.jewishencyclopedia.com 3598:. New York Review of Books 3556:www.jewishencyclopedia.com 3204: 3174:National Union of Students 2235: 2151:Antisemitic activity from 2000: 1833:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1699: 1567: 1544: 1538: 1534: 1512:, immigration controls to 719:On the Jews and Their Lies 7746: 7488: 7433: 7314: 7248: 7119: 7037: 6890: 6837: 6707: 6489:Nachmani, Amikam (2017). 6382:Goodwin, Matthew (2011). 4727:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 4334:Very Deeply Dyed in Black 3952:Todd M. Endelman (2002). 3706:"AARON, SON OF THE DEVIL" 3639:. JewishEncyclopedia.com. 3407:Willesden Jewish Cemetery 3147:2014 Israel-Gaza conflict 2337:2014 Israel-Gaza conflict 2013:British Union of Fascists 1972:The Cause of World Unrest 1794:constitutional government 1780:, a self-perception as a 1750:Jewish Naturalisation Act 1294:Fundamental Rights Agency 727:Undisputed Over The World 542: Jewish conspiracy 7455:Community Security Trust 7329:Black Death persecutions 6595:New York Review of Books 6518:Jews in Medieval Britain 6288:Billig, Michael (1978). 5764:' (20 November 2019) on 5746:' (31 November 2019) on 4309:"We've been here before" 4090:, Vol. 46, No. 2, 2002. 3928:Doctrines Of Development 3883:Judd & Surridge 2013 3840:The Carlyle Encyclopedia 3752:Williams, Hywel (2005). 3388:Department for Education 3373:Community Security Trust 3342:Archbishop of Canterbury 3046: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 2569:Damage & desecration 2333:Community Security Trust 2304:Community Security Trust 2269:Community Security Trust 1996: 1947:immigration laws of 1919 1927:British Brothers' League 1865:Independent Labour Party 1727:British Brothers' League 1480:They were readmitted by 1355:Three Ds of antisemitism 1339:Wiener Holocaust Library 1289:Community Security Trust 1151:Black Death persecutions 666:The Dearborn Independent 639:Antisemitic publications 7740:Antisemitism in Europe 7661:Palestinian Territories 7166:Dreyfus Affair (France) 6426:Lavezzo, Kathy (2016). 6404:The Boer War: A History 5624:ITV (16 October 2016). 4776:. Abingdon: Routledge. 3629:Jacobs, Joseph (1906). 3328:in the constituency of 2957:Total incidents by year 2204:Race Relations Act 1965 2112:became unacceptable in 2097:Ministry of Information 2009:Imperial Fascist League 1674:Aaron, Son of the Devil 1516:were maintained, while 1304:Simon Wiesenthal Center 1056:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu 830:The Occidental Observer 793:Europa: The Last Battle 741:Between Blacks and Jews 739:The Secret Relationship 7786:Bosnia and Herzegovina 7475:Stephen Roth Institute 7123:and government actions 7062:Portuguese Inquisition 7039:Religious antisemitism 6913:Double genocide theory 6799:Secondary antisemitism 6735:Religious antisemitism 5728:(29 November 2019) in 4097:10 August 2017 at the 3838:Cumming, Mark (2004). 3518:Jewish Virtual Library 3441:, the newly appointed 3251:Conservative Society. 3245:British National Party 3127:a form of antisemitism 2309:a form of antisemitism 2252: 2220:British National Party 2198:After lobbying by the 2189:British National Party 2090:immigrate to Palestine 2061:German Jewish refugees 2017:Battle of Cable Street 1817:Universities Tests Act 1733: 1583: 1314:Stephen Roth Institute 1277:Anti-Defamation League 7435:Organizations working 6995:Contemporary imprints 6924:The International Jew 6794:Rootless cosmopolitan 6667:at Wikimedia Commons 6558:(Abingdon: Routledge) 6553:Toczek, Nick (2016). 6451:, London: Continuum, 6311:. BRILL. p. 37. 5245:. ADL. Archived from 5213:. ADL. Archived from 5181:. ADL. Archived from 5149:. ADL. Archived from 5117:. ADL. Archived from 4088:Patterns of Prejudice 3712:. Jewish Encyclopedia 3420:UK Holocaust Memorial 3403:Bevis Marks Synagogue 3399:Heritage Lottery Fund 3233:UK Independence Party 3139:Members of Parliament 2973:A 2018 survey by the 2274:World Jewish Congress 2246: 2001:Further information: 1774:William D. Rubinstein 1762:Catholic emancipation 1725: 1581: 1574:Exchequer of the Jews 1489:and foreign affairs. 1021:William Luther Pierce 699:The International Jew 611:Stab-in-the-back myth 594:Rootless cosmopolitan 7437:against antisemitism 7383:Martyrdom in Judaism 7249:Antisemitic websites 7161:Leo Frank trial (US) 7057:Catholic Inquisition 7029:Zionist antisemitism 6745:Antisemitism studies 6586:Wheatcroft, Geoffrey 6215:The Jewish Chronicle 6163:The Jewish Chronicle 5980:The Jewish Chronicle 5902:The Jewish Chronicle 5767:The Jewish Chronicle 5681:The Jewish Chronicle 5434:www.jewishnews.co.uk 5337:on 14 September 2017 4975:on 29 September 2012 4772:Hirsh, David. 2017. 4729:. 12 September 2017. 4254:"Bermuda Conference" 3791:Jewish Encyclopaedia 3513:Schoenberg, Shira. 3115:anti-semitic canards 2289:Middle East conflict 1879:Trade Union Congress 1829:Lord High Chancellor 1809:Jews Relief Act 1858 1738:Corporation Act 1661 1666:Statute of the Jewry 1664:enacted the similar 1607:Harold of Gloucester 1586:Jews arrived in the 1398:Zionist antisemitism 1205:Martyrdom in Judaism 931:Richard Girnt Butler 684:Hitlers Zweites Buch 270:textbook controversy 7413:Spanish Inquisition 7324:Rhineland massacres 7079:Rhineland massacres 7072:Spanish Inquisition 6804:Stereotypes of Jews 6789:Racial antisemitism 6740:Persecution of Jews 6604:Wistrich, Robert S. 5854:www.theguardian.com 5277:PEW research center 4915:. 20 September 2021 4423:on 31 December 2019 3986:on 31 December 2019 3873:, pp. 203–205. 3828:. Jewishireland.org 3636:Jewish Encyclopedia 3437:In September 2019, 3431:Office for Students 3415:Imperial War Museum 3260:Chakrabarti Inquiry 3231:supporters, 39% of 3219:(CAA) commissioned 3166:Chakrabarti Inquiry 3071:Pew Research Center 2964:Metropolitan Police 2352: 1827:and the offices of 1514:Mandatory Palestine 1247:Spanish Inquisition 1146:Rhineland massacres 656:Culture of Critique 510:Cultural Bolshevism 7632:Conservative Party 7393:Pale of Settlement 6903:Christian Identity 6877:Soviet mathematics 6782:Working definition 6264:. 18 December 2023 5930:. 27 February 2019 5904:. 27 February 2019 5712:' (09/11/2019) in 5188:on 3 December 2013 4013:David Rosenberg, ' 3237:Conservative Party 3158:Conservative Party 2350: 2343:, and the ongoing 2325:Greater Manchester 2253: 2078:Bermuda Conference 1939:Aliens Act in 1905 1923:East End of London 1734: 1731:East End of London 1686:Edict of Expulsion 1658:Second Barons' War 1619:William of Norwich 1588:Kingdom of England 1584: 1215:Pale of Settlement 1121:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1041:Kevin Alfred Strom 1026:Richard B. Spencer 869:Triple parentheses 752:The Turner Diaries 725:Our Race Will Rule 694:1988 Hamas Charter 488:Antisemitic tropes 374:Christian Identity 307:Conservative Party 7995: 7994: 7706: 7705: 7349:Ghettos in Europe 7262:The Daily Stormer 7067:Roman Inquisition 6930:Jewish Bolshevism 6663:Media related to 6627:978-0-803-24083-4 6527:978-1-84383-733-6 6437:978-1-5017-0315-7 6418:978-0-857-73316-0 6137:15 September 2019 6008:. 17 January 2018 5410:. 24 January 2024 5156:on 7 January 2014 4709:The New Statesman 4684:on 20 August 2016 4670:Gunther, Jikeli. 4651:on 22 August 2013 4485:, pp. 38–39. 4449:. 8 December 1965 4399:. Macmillan p19, 4375:10.1080/713999428 4234:. Washington, D.C 4057:978-0-521-53449-9 3771:978-0-304-35730-7 3690:978-1-108-05504-8 3225:Liberal Democrats 3201:Political parties 3170:Liberal Democrats 3015: 3014: 2954: 2953: 2923: 2922: 2711:Abusive behaviour 2206:, which outlawed 1981:blaming Jews for 1869:Robert Blatchford 1746:Church of England 1690:Domus Conversorum 1453:have experienced 1448: 1447: 1230:Russian Civil War 1171:Ghettos in Europe 1001:Ernest G. Liebold 900:Prominent figures 781:The Daily Stormer 671:Ethnic Cleansing 651:The Barnes Review 530:Franklin Prophecy 8015: 7747:Sovereign states 7733: 7726: 7719: 7710: 7709: 7230:Holocaust denial 7099:Host desecration 6908:Cultural Marxism 6838:Antisemitism and 6817: 6772:New antisemitism 6694: 6687: 6680: 6671: 6670: 6662: 6631: 6599: 6588:(28 June 2018). 6581: 6579: 6577: 6561: 6549: 6548:. pp. 1–82. 6543: 6531: 6512: 6496: 6485: 6441: 6422: 6397: 6378: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6322: 6303: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6206: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6180: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6154: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6128: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6102: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5972: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5946: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5894: 5888: 5887: 5886:. 6 August 2024. 5876: 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4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4041: 4035: 4030:David Cesarani, 4028: 4022: 4011: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3785:Jacobs, Joseph. 3782: 3776: 3775: 3759: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3704:Jacobs, Joseph. 3701: 3695: 3694: 3676: 3670: 3659: 3653: 3652:, pp. 88–99 3647: 3641: 3640: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3548: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3520:. 26 July 2017. 3511: 3311:Dominic Cummings 3275:Liberal Democrat 3049: 3047: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3023: 2997: 2996: 2989: 2936: 2935: 2928: 2427:Extreme violence 2353: 2349: 2345:Israel-Hamas war 2256:Holocaust denial 2095:During the war, 2033:Évian Conference 1987:Bolshevik regime 1887:House of Commons 1801:Daniel O'Connell 1650:Statute of Jewry 1498:fascist movement 1440: 1433: 1426: 1412: 1411: 1091:Nichifor Crainic 1036:Julius Streicher 976:Heinrich Himmler 841:Renegade Tribune 562:Judeo-Bolshevism 541: 535:Host desecration 515:Cultural Marxism 401:Holocaust denial 41: 18: 17: 8023: 8022: 8018: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8013: 8012: 7998: 7997: 7996: 7991: 7915:North Macedonia 7742: 7737: 7707: 7702: 7484: 7438: 7436: 7429: 7310: 7299:The Right Stuff 7256:Bible Believers 7244: 7124: 7122: 7115: 7033: 7009:Self-hating Jew 6886: 6867:Nation of Islam 6833: 6703: 6698: 6656: 6639: 6637:Further reading 6634: 6628: 6575: 6573: 6541: 6528: 6509: 6459: 6448:The King's Jews 6438: 6419: 6394: 6375: 6353: 6351: 6333: 6331: 6319: 6300: 6283: 6278: 6277: 6267: 6265: 6256: 6255: 6251: 6241: 6239: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6219: 6217: 6207: 6203: 6193: 6191: 6181: 6177: 6167: 6165: 6155: 6151: 6141: 6139: 6129: 6125: 6115: 6113: 6103: 6099: 6089: 6087: 6077: 6073: 6063: 6061: 6051: 6047: 6037: 6035: 6025: 6021: 6011: 6009: 6000: 5999: 5995: 5985: 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January 2024. 5364:Times of Israel 5358: 5357: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5327: 5321: 5317: 5307: 5305: 5295: 5291: 5281: 5279: 5269: 5265: 5255: 5253: 5249: 5242: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5223: 5221: 5220:on 7 April 2014 5217: 5210: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5178: 5174: 5173: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5153: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5137: 5127: 5125: 5124:on 7 April 2014 5121: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5105: 5097: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5071: 5067: 5057: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5042: 5032: 5030: 5020: 5016: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4995: 4988: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4935: 4928: 4918: 4916: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4889:on 1 March 2014 4886: 4879: 4875: 4874: 4867: 4857: 4855: 4847: 4843: 4842: 4838: 4828: 4826: 4816: 4812: 4804: 4800: 4791: 4787: 4771: 4767: 4760: 4753: 4738: 4734: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4701: 4697: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4674: 4668: 4664: 4654: 4652: 4648: 4641: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4622: 4620: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4580: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4559: 4548: 4540: 4533: 4525: 4518: 4508: 4506: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4481: 4474: 4466: 4462: 4452: 4450: 4441: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4415: 4414: 4410: 4394: 4390: 4359: 4355: 4344: 4340: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4279: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4256: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4235: 4226: 4225: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4191: 4187: 4175: 4173:"Great Britain" 4171: 4170: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4139: 4128: 4120: 4116: 4108: 4104: 4099:Wayback Machine 4085: 4081: 4073: 4069: 4058: 4042: 4038: 4029: 4025: 4012: 3999: 3989: 3987: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3966: 3950: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3926: 3922: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3895:Wheatcroft 2018 3893: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3854: 3846:. p. 252. 3836: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3809: 3805: 3795: 3793: 3783: 3779: 3772: 3750: 3746: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3702: 3698: 3691: 3677: 3673: 3660: 3656: 3648: 3644: 3627: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3601: 3599: 3592: 3588: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3550: 3549: 3536: 3528: 3524: 3512: 3505: 3500: 3488: 3465: 3365: 3360: 3283:Jacob Rees-Mogg 3213: 3203: 3143:Second Intifada 3135: 3110: 3091: 3089:Age differences 3067: 3066: 3065: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3038: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3011: 2998: 2994: 2984: 2960: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2950: 2937: 2933: 2317: 2291:. According to 2238: 2233: 2228: 2185:street fighting 2122: 2114:British society 2074: 2045:Kindertransport 2005: 1999: 1915:Russian pogroms 1907:Marconi scandal 1845:Second Boer War 1841: 1712:Oliver Cromwell 1708: 1700:Main articles: 1698: 1621:. In 1181, the 1592:Norman Conquest 1576: 1566: 1561: 1543: 1537: 1485:concerning the 1482:Oliver Cromwell 1444: 1403: 1402: 1383:Self-hating Jew 1373: 1365: 1364: 1285: 1267: 1257: 1256: 1141: 1131: 1130: 1106:Philippe Pétain 1101:László Ferenczy 1081:Gheorghe Buzatu 1016:Eustace Mullins 1011:Kevin MacDonald 991:Osama bin Laden 986:Arthur J. Jones 971:Joseph Goebbels 961:Theodor Fritsch 951:Louis Farrakhan 936:Édouard Drumont 926:James von Brunn 901: 893: 892: 847:The Right Stuff 765: 757: 756: 743: 740: 729: 726: 704:La Libre Parole 679:La France juive 641: 631: 630: 525:Finance control 490: 480: 479: 421:Nation of Islam 349: 341: 340: 248:Imperial Russia 121: 111: 110: 86: 57: 56: 12: 11: 5: 8021: 8011: 8010: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7989: 7987:United Kingdom 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7806:Czech Republic 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7756: 7750: 7748: 7744: 7743: 7736: 7735: 7728: 7721: 7713: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7700: 7695: 7694: 7693: 7688: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7642: 7641: 7640: 7639: 7634: 7627:United Kingdom 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7608: 7607: 7602: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 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6937: 6927: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6894: 6892: 6891:Related topics 6888: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6853: 6852: 6841: 6839: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6831: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6769: 6768: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6711: 6709: 6705: 6704: 6697: 6696: 6689: 6682: 6674: 6655: 6654:External links 6652: 6651: 6650: 6645: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6626: 6600: 6582: 6562: 6550: 6532: 6526: 6513: 6508:978-1784993078 6507: 6486: 6458:978-1847251862 6457: 6442: 6436: 6423: 6417: 6398: 6393:978-0415465014 6392: 6379: 6374:978-1847062987 6373: 6360: 6340: 6323: 6318:978-9004300880 6317: 6304: 6299:978-0150040040 6298: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6249: 6227: 6201: 6175: 6149: 6123: 6097: 6071: 6045: 6033:Yorkshire Post 6019: 5993: 5982:. 26 June 2019 5967: 5941: 5915: 5889: 5884:Jerusalem Post 5871: 5841: 5808: 5771: 5753: 5735: 5717: 5714:Open Democracy 5701: 5698:Open Democracy 5685: 5671: 5655: 5639: 5616: 5605:. 30 June 2016 5590: 5578: 5547: 5517: 5493: 5471: 5446: 5421: 5395: 5369: 5348: 5315: 5289: 5263: 5252:on 12 May 2013 5231: 5199: 5167: 5135: 5103: 5091: 5065: 5040: 5014: 4986: 4954: 4926: 4900: 4865: 4836: 4810: 4798: 4785: 4765: 4751: 4732: 4714: 4695: 4662: 4630: 4608: 4578: 4546: 4531: 4529:, p. 5–8. 4516: 4487: 4472: 4460: 4434: 4408: 4388: 4353: 4338: 4325: 4299: 4273: 4245: 4216: 4185: 4159: 4126: 4114: 4102: 4079: 4067: 4056: 4036: 4023: 3997: 3971: 3964: 3944: 3932: 3920: 3908: 3899: 3887: 3885:, p. 242. 3875: 3863: 3853:978-1611471724 3852: 3830: 3826:Jewish Ireland 3818: 3803: 3777: 3770: 3744: 3723: 3696: 3689: 3671: 3654: 3642: 3621: 3609: 3586: 3568: 3534: 3522: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3494: 3487: 3484: 3464: 3461: 3439:Robert Jenrick 3377:Home Secretary 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3334:Ashkenazi Jews 3299:James Cleverly 3202: 3199: 3178:Malia Bouattia 3134: 3131: 3109: 3106: 3090: 3087: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3001: 2999: 2992: 2987: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2940: 2938: 2931: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2316: 2313: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2216:National Front 2208:discrimination 2173:Union Movement 2153:fascist groups 2136:groups in the 2121: 2118: 2073: 2070: 1998: 1995: 1991:British Empire 1919:discrimination 1893:of the Jews". 1840: 1837: 1821:British Empire 1805:Thomas Carlyle 1784:with a direct 1697: 1694: 1623:Assize of Arms 1615:Robert of Bury 1590:following the 1565: 1562: 1539:Main article: 1536: 1533: 1487:British Empire 1459:discrimination 1446: 1445: 1443: 1442: 1435: 1428: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1374: 1372:Related topics 1371: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1274: 1268: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1225:Russian Empire 1217: 1212: 1210:Nuremberg Laws 1207: 1202: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1166:Jewish quarter 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1142: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1126:Richard Wagner 1123: 1118: 1116:Stepan Bandera 1113: 1111:Symon Petliura 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 946:Adolf Eichmann 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 902: 899: 898: 895: 894: 891: 890: 888:Veterans Today 885: 882:The Unz Review 878: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 843: 838: 833: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 789: 784: 777: 772: 766: 763: 762: 759: 758: 755: 754: 749: 744: 737: 735: 730: 723: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 642: 637: 636: 633: 632: 629: 628: 626:ZOG conspiracy 623: 621:White genocide 618: 616:Well poisoning 613: 608: 607: 606: 601: 591: 586: 581: 576: 574:Judeo-Masonism 571: 570: 569: 559: 554: 549: 544: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 491: 486: 485: 482: 481: 478: 477: 476: 475: 470: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 439: 438: 433: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 377: 376: 366: 361: 356: 350: 348:Manifestations 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 333: 332: 331: 326: 316: 315: 314: 309: 302:United Kingdom 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 273: 272: 262: 261: 260: 255: 250: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 189: 188: 183: 181:Dreyfus affair 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 122: 117: 116: 113: 112: 109: 108: 103: 98: 96:Nexus Document 93: 87: 84: 83: 80: 79: 78: 77: 72: 67: 59: 58: 55: 54: 52:discrimination 48:Jewish history 43: 42: 34: 33: 27: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8020: 8009: 8006: 8005: 8003: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7878:Liechtenstein 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7745: 7741: 7734: 7729: 7727: 7722: 7720: 7715: 7714: 7711: 7699: 7696: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7681:United States 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7597: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7559: 7556: 7555: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7540: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7432: 7426: 7423: 7419: 7416: 7415: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7361:The Holocaust 7359: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7300: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7263: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7247: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7225:Doctors' plot 7223: 7221: 7220:Slánský trial 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7204: 7203:The Holocaust 7201: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7178: 7177: 7176:Farhud (Iraq) 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7136:Hep-Hep riots 7134: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7118: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7106: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7084:Martin Luther 7082: 7080: 7077: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7036: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7019:Weaponization 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6984: 6983:Philosemitism 6981: 6979: 6978: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6955: 6954: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6942:Khazar theory 6940: 6936: 6933: 6932: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6925: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6872:Olympic Games 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6851: 6850:New Testament 6848: 6847: 6846: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6770: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6752: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6695: 6690: 6688: 6683: 6681: 6676: 6675: 6672: 6668: 6666: 6661: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6629: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6610: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6596: 6591: 6590:"Bad Company" 6587: 6583: 6572: 6568: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6540: 6539: 6533: 6529: 6523: 6519: 6514: 6510: 6504: 6500: 6495: 6494: 6487: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6454: 6450: 6449: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6429: 6424: 6420: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6405: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6386:. Routledge. 6385: 6380: 6376: 6370: 6366: 6361: 6350: 6346: 6341: 6329: 6324: 6320: 6314: 6310: 6305: 6301: 6295: 6291: 6286: 6285: 6263: 6259: 6253: 6237: 6231: 6216: 6212: 6205: 6190: 6186: 6179: 6164: 6160: 6153: 6138: 6134: 6127: 6112: 6108: 6101: 6086: 6082: 6075: 6060: 6056: 6049: 6034: 6030: 6023: 6007: 6003: 5997: 5981: 5977: 5971: 5956: 5952: 5945: 5929: 5925: 5919: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5885: 5881: 5875: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5845: 5829: 5825: 5824:www.jpost.com 5821: 5815: 5813: 5805: 5792: 5788: 5783: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5763: 5760:J. Lansman, ' 5757: 5751: 5750: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5732: 5727: 5724:E. Brazell, ' 5721: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5699: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5675: 5669: 5665: 5659: 5653: 5649: 5643: 5627: 5620: 5604: 5600: 5594: 5587: 5582: 5567: 5560: 5554: 5552: 5532: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5514: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5497: 5481: 5475: 5460: 5459:www.thejc.com 5456: 5450: 5435: 5431: 5425: 5409: 5405: 5399: 5384: 5380: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5355: 5353: 5333: 5326: 5319: 5304: 5300: 5293: 5278: 5274: 5267: 5248: 5241: 5235: 5216: 5209: 5203: 5184: 5177: 5171: 5152: 5145: 5139: 5120: 5113: 5107: 5101: 5095: 5080: 5079:www.thejc.com 5076: 5073:Pope, Felix. 5069: 5050: 5044: 5029: 5025: 5018: 4999: 4993: 4991: 4971: 4964: 4958: 4939: 4933: 4931: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4885: 4878: 4872: 4870: 4853: 4846: 4840: 4825: 4824:www.thejc.com 4821: 4818:Pope, Felix. 4814: 4808:, p. 44. 4807: 4806:Staetsky 2017 4802: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4782:9781138235304 4779: 4775: 4769: 4763: 4758: 4756: 4747: 4743: 4736: 4728: 4724: 4718: 4710: 4706: 4699: 4680: 4673: 4666: 4647: 4640: 4634: 4618: 4612: 4593: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4563: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4544:, p. 42. 4543: 4542:Staetsky 2017 4538: 4536: 4528: 4527:Staetsky 2017 4523: 4521: 4504: 4497: 4491: 4484: 4479: 4477: 4469: 4464: 4448: 4444: 4438: 4422: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4405:0-333-72009-1 4402: 4398: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4357: 4350: 4348: 4342: 4335: 4329: 4314: 4310: 4303: 4288: 4284: 4277: 4262: 4255: 4249: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4221: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4189: 4181: 4174: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4148: 4144: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4124:, p. 88. 4123: 4122:Nachmani 2017 4118: 4112:, p. 56. 4111: 4106: 4100: 4096: 4093: 4089: 4083: 4077:, p. 83. 4076: 4071: 4064: 4063:restrictions. 4059: 4053: 4049: 4048: 4040: 4033: 4027: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3967: 3965:9780520227194 3961: 3957: 3956: 3948: 3941: 3936: 3929: 3924: 3917: 3912: 3903: 3896: 3891: 3884: 3879: 3872: 3871:Wistrich 2012 3867: 3860: 3855: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3834: 3827: 3822: 3814: 3807: 3792: 3788: 3781: 3773: 3767: 3763: 3758: 3757: 3748: 3733: 3727: 3711: 3707: 3700: 3692: 3686: 3682: 3675: 3668: 3667:0-300-07157-4 3664: 3658: 3651: 3646: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3625: 3618: 3613: 3597: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3532:, p. 37. 3531: 3526: 3519: 3516: 3510: 3508: 3503: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3470: 3460: 3458: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3421: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3355: 3353: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3291:Crispin Blunt 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3256:Jeremy Corbyn 3252: 3250: 3246: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3212: 3208: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3187: 3186:police forces 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3152:In 2016, the 3150: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3105: 3102: 3101:Hope Not Hate 3097: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3075: 3072: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3009: 3008:MediaWiki.org 3005: 3000: 2991: 2990: 2979: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2948: 2947:MediaWiki.org 2944: 2939: 2930: 2929: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2354: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2329:Hertfordshire 2326: 2322: 2312: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2212:Great Britain 2209: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2165:Oswald Mosley 2162: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2106:the Holocaust 2101: 2098: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2004: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1934: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1895:Henry Hyndman 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1875: 1871:'s newspaper 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1782:chosen people 1779: 1778:Old Testament 1775: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1703: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1682:King Edward I 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1635:York Massacre 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1542: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1422: 1421: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1407: 1406: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1388:Weaponization 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1378:Philosemitism 1376: 1375: 1369: 1368: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1299:Philosemitism 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1261: 1260: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1183:The Holocaust 1181: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1135: 1134: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1076:Octavian Goga 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1061:Ion Antonescu 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1031:Joseph Stalin 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1006:Martin Luther 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 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