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In the aftermath of the wave of "anti-superstition movements", Korean indigenous religion was severely weakened. Since the 1980s, however, traditional religion and shamanism have experienced a revival in South Korea. Since the 1990s, shamans started to be regarded as "bearers of culture". Today,
528:
of the foregoing generation, the colonial government portrayed the indigenous religion and the shamans as irrational and wasteful, adding the notion that they were also unhygienic. Urban people adopted this rhetoric, seeking to distinguish themselves from their own rural origins. Migrants to the
520:
Campaigns against Korean indigenous religious traditions also accompanied Japan's annexation of the Korean peninsula. The
Japanese had already equated secularization with modernity in their own country. The colonial police harassed and sometimes arrested shamans, though official policies against
474:, shamans' tools and clothes, and shrines. According to missionary reports, they were "destroyed as were the "books" (magic scrolls) in Ephesus". The missionaries also circulated stories about shamans who had converted to Christianity becoming themselves advocates of the destruction of the
469:
became engrained in Korea in the 1890s, and with it a network of schools and hospitals. Protestant missionaries labeled indigenous religious practices and shamans as "devil worship". The missionaries led campaigns for the burning of idols,
682:
and arrested shamans. Contemporary commenters criticize the movement for having damaged the indigenous religious tradition and having caused much of the South Korean population to adopt the foreign
Christian religion.
692:
Korean shamanism is recognized as a legitimate religion in South Korea, and there is widespread acknowledgement of "Muism" or "Sindo"—however shamanism is called—as the natural religion of the
Koreans.
420:); the modern Korean word for "superstition" also has the meaning of "illusory" or "false spiritual beliefs", and implies that gods and ancestors do not exist. This term was adopted from
495:), the first newspaper published in Korean language. The newspaper promoted iconoclasm and addressed government officials on the necessity to eradicate the indigenous religion.
665:), a mass mobilization intended to transform rural society in both form and spirit. Local communities were involved in a variety of public works.
678:
rites and local cults. They poured gasoline on village shrines and torched them, destroyed sacred trees, totem poles, and cairns, raided
345:
154:
625:
led a "campaign against gods", through which they tried to exterminate Jeju's religious tradition and its pantheon of 18,000 deities.
478:. The exorcistic struggle between a shaman and a Christian was made into a literary motif in Kim Tongni's colonial-period novella
997:
917:
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Missionaries found allies among Korean intellectuals in the final years of the Joseon dynasty. Together, they produced
443:. These movements destroyed most of the indigenous cults and shrines of folk religion, which were largely replaced by
362:, especially between the late 19th century and the 1980s, there have been a series of waves of movement to eliminate
1054:
498:
In 1896, the police began to arrest shamans, destroy shrines and burn ritual tools. These events were acclaimed by
1016:
538:
This paradigm would have become central to the projects for countryside development enacted in the independent
338:
105:
42:
621:'s government, shamans in South Korea were routinely harassed and arrested by the police. Protestants in
398: movement to overthrow superstition), regarding homegrown shamanism and anything related to it as "
263:
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331:
138:
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and their families were targeted as members of the "hostile class" and were considered to have bad
307:
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425:
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Healing Powers and
Modernity: Traditional Medicine, Shamanism, and Science in Asian Societies
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Waves of the anti-shamanism movement started in the 1890s with the rise of influence of
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672:) was started. With official encouragement, police and local leaders suppressed
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Under the banner of such reform, a formal "Movement to
Overthrow Superstition" (
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992:. Dimensions of Asian Spirituality. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
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Shamans, Nostalgias, and the IMF: South Korean
Popular Religion in Motion
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46:(1906) by the American Protestant missionary Homer Bezaleel Hulbert.
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In North Korea, most formal religious activity was suppressed.
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Korean shamanism were neither monolithic nor consistent.
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and folk religions. In Korean, the movement is called
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502:. At one point, the newspaper even came to criticize
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in the late 19th century, and largely emphasized by
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1007:Connor, Linda; Samuel, Geoffrey, eds. (2001).
908:Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea
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435:preachers in Korea, culminating during the
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358:In the history of modern and contemporary
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639:In the 1970s, the South Korean president
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428:to target Korean indigenous religion.
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22:"Movement to overthrow superstition"
613:Syngman Rhee government (1948–1960)
13:
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535:healing and traditional medicine.
14:
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546:Post-independence (1945–present)
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510:Japanese occupation (1910–1945)
1030:. University of Hawaii Press.
1011:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
629:New Community Movement (1970s)
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524:Following the rhetoric of
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1065:Persecution by Christians
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516:Korea under Japanese rule
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27:
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1026:Kendall, Laurel (2010).
439:of the 20th century, in
1055:Religion in South Korea
34:"Village devil posts",
912:. Spiegel & Grau.
660:New Community Movement
437:New Community Movement
426:Christian missionaries
191:History of suppression
718:Religious persecution
480:Portrait of a Shaman
364:indigenous shamanism
126:Mishin t'ap'a undong
106:Revised Romanization
43:The passing of Korea
990:Korean Spirituality
988:Baker, Don (2008).
604:, "tainted blood".
476:indigenous religion
456:Late Joseon (1890s)
203:Roles and practices
572:. You can help by
999:978-0-8248-3233-9
974:, pp. 29–30.
919:978-0-385-52390-5
761:, pp. 28–29.
723:Religion in Korea
670:Misin Tapa Undong
590:
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472:ancestral tablets
370:misin tapa undong
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184:Korean philosophy
170:Household deities
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120:McCune–Reischauer
112:Misin tapa undong
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308:Numismatic charm
292:Related concepts
177:Korean mythology
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40:as described in
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568:This section
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467:Protestantism
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862:, p. 8.
843:, p. 7.
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643:started the
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619:Syngman Rhee
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574:adding to it
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623:Jeju Island
608:South Korea
581:August 2023
551:North Korea
540:South Korea
441:South Korea
388::
378::
313:Seonangdang
52:Korean name
1049:Categories
1018:0897897153
889:Baker 2008
729:References
633:See also:
514:See also:
460:See also:
433:Protestant
303:Jangseung
264:Cosmogony
245:Sinbyeong
37:jangseung
904:(2009).
696:See also
422:Japanese
381:미신 타파 운동
227:Bon-puri
164:Features
139:a series
137:Part of
982:Sources
654:
601:sǒngbun
451:History
258:Beliefs
213:(-dang)
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687:Legacy
617:Under
595:Mudang
462:Joseon
414:;
408:;
394:;
391:迷信打破運動
384:;
376:Korean
318:Sotdae
279:Mengdu
271:Sansin
58:Hangul
417:misin
386:Hanja
360:Korea
82:Hanja
1032:ISBN
1013:ISBN
994:ISBN
914:ISBN
651:lit.
396:lit.
236:Muak
680:gut
675:gut
576:.
532:gut
402:" (
220:Gut
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940:^
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806:^
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542:.
506:.
482:.
447:.
411:迷信
405:미신
210:Mu
141:on
96:運動
93:打破
90:迷信
72:운동
69:타파
66:미신
1040:.
1021:.
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649:(
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