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epidemic which lasted from 1939–40. Conditions were dire in the ghetto, with poor sanitation, disease outbreaks, and violent clashes with guards. Many casualties also resulted from attempts by Jews to smuggle food and other necessities into the ghetto. The hospital's mortality rates were unavoidably
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In 1916, Anna Braude married
Eliezer Heller (1885–1934), an engineer; the couple had two sons, Ari Leon Heller (1917–2008), and Olum Heller, nicknamed "Olo" (1921–1926). Her husband died of complications of surgery in 1934, aged 49. Heller/Hellerowa's brother, Jossell Abraham Braude, died in 1931.
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In 1942 and 1943, Heller refused to leave the hospital and the children she was trying to care for but did help her surviving son and his family escape the ghetto; they survived the war. Most of the doctors and nurses were sent to concentration camps; only a few (Teodozja
Goliborska, Henryk
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Heller moved into the hospital, now part of Warsaw's Jewish ghetto, at the start of World War II. The hospital was prohibited by the Nazi occupiers from treating non-Jews and all government disbursements and support ceased. The hospital was reduced to seeking funding from Jewish self-help
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Kroszczor, Rachela
Kroszczorowa, and Adina Blady Szwajer) survived. Heller (aged 55) and her sister, Sara Aftergut (aged 54, whose husband and daughter had been murdered in Treblinka), remained in the ghetto and were murdered there around 19 April 1943.
209:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
311:. She was the eldest of four children. Her mother was Tauba (née Litwin), and her father was a merchant, Aryeh Leib Broddo. After matriculating from school in 1906, she studied at the Faculty of Social Sciences in
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Back in Poland, Heller (a.k.a. Hellerowa) co-founded the Włodzimierz Medem
Sanatorium in Miedzeszyn near Warsaw. She moved to Warsaw in 1913, practicing at the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Initially a small facility, it closed in 1924, but later reopened in 1930 as a larger facility with the assistance of the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Polish
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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345:, or TPD), which Heller had co-founded. She was named chief of medicine and a director of the hospital board.
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The deaths of her youngest son, her husband, and her brother inspired her to devote her life to medicine.
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I Remember
Nothing More: The Warsaw Children's Hospital and the Jewish Resistance
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Courage Under Siege: Starvation, Disease and Death in the Warsaw Ghetto.
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high, despite the best efforts of the hospital's staff and workers.
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Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women's
Studies & Gender Issues
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a machine-translated version of the Polish article.
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533:Blady Szwajer, Adina.
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548:"Dr. Ari Leon Heller"
299:during World War II.
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293: 19 April 1943
96:"Anna Braude Heller"
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492:Roland, Charles G.
349:Marriage and family
313:Geneva, Switzerland
288:; 6 January 1888 –
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