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484:(c. 1728–1823, also known as Sally Montour), when she was a teenager, as was their practice. Montour left her in around 1757 or 1758. He sent their children to school in Philadelphia and Williamsburg, Virginia, to learn English, to be educated for both cultures. Ainse kept a young son Nicholas with her while she was living in an Oneida settlement near the
411:
must let you know that it was the pride and ignorance of that great
General that came from England. He is now dead; but he was bad when he was alive: he looked upon us as dogs, and would never hear anything what was said to him. We often endeavored to advise him and to tell him of the danger he was
387:
In
September 1755, Washington requested Montour's services again in Virginia, saying that he was: "...desirous of seeing here; and the more so, because I have it in my power to do something for you in a settled way which I hope will be agreeable to you..." In addition, Washington asked for more aid
460:
During
Pontiac's War, Montour captained several raiding parties. On May 22, 1764, he and a group of Indians arrived at Niagara. While there, the Indians got drunk and threatened to kill him. Suffering hangovers the next morning, they all but forgot their mutinous actions of the night before; he
383:
between Great
Britain and France. Washington requested the assistance of Montour, saying that he "...would be of use to me here at this moment in conversing with the Indians, for I don't have other persons to depend on." Washington said he was unsure how to treat the Indians.
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for the
Indians, promising that "...they shall be better used than they have been, and have all the kindness from us they can desire." Both the British and French colonists relied on their alliances with Native Americans for much of their fighting forces in this war.
518:
For their tribute, "the
Indians who came to the funeral beg'd a few gallons of Rum to drown their sorrows for the life of their friend." The cost of the spirits for the Indian's lamentations was pegged at a little better than £7 ($ 250 in 2022 USD).
321:
over which his shirt hung, shoes and stockings, a hat, and both ears braided with brass and other wire like a handle on a basket. He welcomed us cordially and when I spoke to him in French he replied in
English. His name is Andre.
345:
Though Weiser spoke highly of
Montour, the interpreter's drinking caused problems between them. Weiser wrote about this in a letter to the Provincial Secretary of Pennsylvania, Richard Peters. Weiser wrote: "I bought 2 quarts of
308:
This man had a countenance like another
European but around his whole face an Indianish broad ring of bear fat and paint, and had on a sky-colored coat of fine cloth, black cordovan neckband with silver bugles, a red
353:
Richard Peter described
Montour at another time in a letter as "a dull stupid creature", "untractable", and a "fellow who kept low company of which he was more than likely to be the dupe." Peters wrote:
362:
Montour had problems with alcoholism and debt in much of his life. When sober, he was highly reliable and officials were willing to pay a high price to secure his skilled services. For example, Colonel
342:
in New York. In 1748, Weiser recommended Montour as a person especially qualified to act as an interpreter or messenger, and presented him to the Pennsylvania Council of the Proprietary Government.
495:
born in 1744, who followed in his father's footsteps. He became a well-known translator, negotiator, and go-between. John Montour served with American troops at Pittsburgh during the
358:
He has been arrested for fifty pounds and indeed, I would have suffered him to have gone to jail for he is a lavish man, having a wife who takes up goods at any rate and to any value.
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906:
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in with his soldiers; but he never appeared pleased with us, and that was the reason that a great many of our warriors left him and would not be under his command.
1040:
1005:
884:
ISBN refers to a 1999 reprint edition, URL is for the Susquehanna River Basin Commission's web page of Native American Place names, quoting and citing the book
634:
in a public character, and is even chosen a member of the Onondaga Council for the Ohio Indians. It may be dangerous to the public when he becomes imprisoned.
1035:
1055:
898:
Hagedorn, Nancy L. "'Faithful, Knowing, and Prudent': Andrew Montour As Interpreter and Cultural Broker, 1740–1772". In Margaret Connell Szasz, ed.,
1045:
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955:
1025:
1000:
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war chief based in New York. He was primarily of Native American ancestry, though his maternal grandfather was a French
211:(near current Montoursville, Pennsylvania), he later led the village in the 18th century before settling further west.
618:"...I reprimanded him when he is sober and he begged me not to mention it to you... However, he did the same again..."
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862:
258:
and was a well-known, influential interpreter, and his father was Carondawanna, otherwise known as Robert Hunter, an
990:
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Merell, James H. " Into the American Woods: Negotiators on the Pennsylvania Frontier" W.W. Norton & Company 1999
1020:
995:
532:
528:
446:
251:
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on January 22, 1772, reporting that Montour: "...was killed at his own house the day before yesterday by a
437:(1763–1766). For his numerous efforts Montour was granted Pennsylvania lands by the colonial government: in
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544:
442:
74:
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The Wilderness Trail: Or, The Ventures and Adventures of the Pennsylvania Traders on the Allegheny Path,
276:
Growing up in a polyglot world, he developed his mother's gift for languages, speaking French, English,
243:
208:
496:
231:
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Hirsch, Alison Duncan. "'The Celebrated Madame Montour': Interpretess across Early American Frontiers"
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515:, who had been entertained by him at his house for some days. He was buried this day near the Fort."
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to use on our journey, but he drunk most all the first day. He abused me...when he was drunk..."
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later became recognized as an interpreter and negotiator, serving with rebel forces during the
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of the Northern District, Montour was given command of a raiding party in Ohio in 1764 during
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980:
804:
422:
376:
215:
961:
Colonel Washington's Frontier Forts Association: Prelude to the French and Indian War Part 2
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Hagedorn, 57. "Eghnisara" has also been rendered as "Echnizera" and "Oughsara"; Merrell, 19.
102:
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426:
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223:
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Montour was also called Henry, possibly due to the similarity of sound with the French
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Major Isaac Hamilton to General Thomas Gage, January 22, 1772' in C. E. Carter, ed.,
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missionaries who stopped at Otstonwakin. The latter described him by the following:
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In 1729, when Andrew was young, his father was killed during a raid on the southern
576:
535:, was granted to him for service and named for him. He sold it during his lifetime.
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Montour was commissioned as a captain in 1754 by Pennsylvania officials during the
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928:. "'The Cast of His Countenance': Reading Andrew Montour." In Ronald Hoffman,
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925:
547:, was named for his mother, as it developed near the village where she lived.
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that the French had put a bounty on his head to take him out of the action.
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Through a Glass Darkly: Reflections on Personal Identity in Early America
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estimated his birth year as 1720. Likely born in his mother's village of
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Fort Necessity National Battlefield biographies (National Park Service)
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140:
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A History of the Indian Villages and Place Names in Pennsylvania
691:"Andrew Montour (Sattelihu), fl. 1745-1762. [full text]"
554:, a comprehensive public school system located 16 miles west of
966:
Campbell, Helen. "Revolutionary War Hero Captain John Montour."
768:
310:
936:, 13–39. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 199.
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He first married Madelina, a Delaware woman, granddaughter of
195:
backcountry in the latter half of the 18th century. He was of
395:, though the experience was a sour one. At a council held in
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readme-ebooks.org, The Pierian Press, 1998. Online. Internet
805:"AINSE (Hands), SARAH (Montour; Maxwell; Willson (Wilson))"
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Montour received a captain's commission in 1754 during the
296:
In 1742, Andrew Montour acted as guide and interpreter for
218:. He also commanded raiding parties in Ohio in 1764 during
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834:(2 vols., New Haven: Yale University Press, 1931–1933)
715:"Conrad Weiser's Report on the Journey to Shamokin,"
900:
Between Indian and White Worlds: The Cultural Broker
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226:, British superintendent of Indian Affairs. His son
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People of Pennsylvania in the French and Indian War
764:
762:
246:, a native Lenape village located at the mouth of
453:. So strong was his influence with tribes in the
972:
772:Native American Women: A Biographical Dictionary
759:
1041:People of Virginia in the French and Indian War
203:ancestry, with a French grandfather. Historian
1006:Indigenous people of the French and Indian War
907:"John Montour: Life of a Cultural Go-Between".
473:, a Lenape chief. They separated or she died.
917:"A Frontier Diplomat: Andrew Montour" (pdf).
902:, 44–60. University of Oklahoma Press, 1994.
775:. Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 3–4.
656:
403:, Montour told the assembly for Scaroyady:
371:, just before the former's capitulation at
237:
131:and negotiator, who spoke French, English,
769:Gretchen M. Bataille; Laurie Lisa (2001).
922:Volume 33, Number 2 (April 1966): 153–86.
826:
824:
822:
807:. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
742:
740:
1056:Native American people from Pennsylvania
391:Montour also served under Major General
1036:People of Pennsylvania of Pontiac's War
843:
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942:"Indians In Pennsylvania" p. 179.
857:: Wennawoods Publishing. p. 290.
819:
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751:Explorations in Early American Culture
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367:wrote a letter to Virginia's governor
254:, about 1720. His mother was known as
832:Correspondence of General Thomas Gage
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399:during August 1755, one month after
1046:People of Virginia of Pontiac's War
338:, the central meeting place of the
13:
1011:Indigenous people of Pontiac's War
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491:Their best-known child was a son,
379:, the North American front of the
14:
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1026:People from colonial Pennsylvania
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910:Colonial Williamsburg Interpreter
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326:In May 1745, Montour accompanied
844:Donehoo, Dr. George P. (1999) .
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507:Major Isaac Hamilton wrote from
461:forgave them for this behavior.
1001:Colonial American Indian agents
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717:Pennsylvania Colonial Records,
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533:Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
416:
1:
912:, Volume 21, No. 4 (2000/01).
733:Volume 1, Putnam's sons, 1911
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252:West Branch Susquehanna River
222:(1763–1766) at the behest of
171: – 1772), also known as
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73:Otstonwakin near what became
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539:Montour County, Pennsylvania
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7:
853:(Second Reprint ed.).
562:
545:Montoursville, Pennsylvania
242:Montour was likely born in
75:Montoursville, Pennsylvania
10:
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288:languages, likely Oneida.
284:, and at least one of the
232:American Revolutionary War
476:Montour secondly married
183:, was an important mixed
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1051:18th-century translators
729:Charles Augustus Hanna,
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556:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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238:Early life and education
1021:Native American leaders
996:Burials in Pennsylvania
855:Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
755:(subscription required)
552:Montour School District
558:, also bears his name.
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187:and negotiator in the
991:American Métis people
423:French and Indian War
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377:French and Indian War
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334:from Pennsylvania to
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216:French and Indian War
920:Pennsylvania History
874:on 21 September 2006
630:"...he then goes to
541:, was named for him.
28:Sattelihu, Eghnisara
940:Wallace, Paul A. W.
497:American Revolution
465:Marriage and family
427:Sir William Johnson
224:Sir William Johnson
782:978-0-415-93020-8
753:4 (2000): 81–112
523:Legacy and honors
455:Ohio River Valley
431:Indian Department
401:Braddock's defeat
365:George Washington
278:Lenape (Delaware)
159:
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905:Kelly, Kevin P.
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577:Biography portal
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529:Montour's Island
447:Montour's Island
381:Seven Years' War
369:Robert Dinwiddie
298:Count Zinzendorf
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107:Nicholas Montour
84:January 20, 1772
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58:Personal details
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869:the original
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228:John Montour
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193:Pennsylvania
180:
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161:
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151:Henry, Andre
103:John Montour
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986:1772 deaths
701:6 September
478:Sally Ainse
417:Commissions
409:Six Nations
375:during the
244:Otstawonkin
209:Otstonwakin
185:interpreter
169: 1710
148:Nickname(s)
129:interpreter
109:, born 1756
93:Sally Ainse
70: 1710
975:Categories
811:7 December
788:6 December
642:References
451:Pittsburgh
332:Shikellamy
264:fur trader
509:Fort Pitt
471:Sassoonan
315:waistcoat
313:lapelled
292:Biography
201:Algonquin
177:Eghnisara
173:Sattelihu
139:, and an
125:Known for
114:Parent(s)
932:, eds.,
632:Onondago
605:"Andre".
563:See also
336:Onondaga
319:breeches
302:Moravian
286:Iroquois
189:Virginia
143:language
141:Iroquois
133:Delaware
99:Children
49:) leader
43:Algonkin
878:7 March
719:IV, 641
282:Shawnee
273:tribe.
271:Catawba
250:on the
137:Shawnee
37:Mixed (
930:et al.
861:
779:
482:Oneida
445:, and
311:damask
260:Oneida
197:Oneida
179:, and
89:Spouse
47:French
39:Oneida
872:(PDF)
851:(PDF)
628:cont.
616:cont.
591:Notes
503:Death
480:, an
449:near
181:Henry
880:2007
859:ISBN
813:2012
790:2012
777:ISBN
703:2010
550:The
330:and
199:and
191:and
81:Died
63:Born
41:and
531:in
429:'s
407:We
348:Rum
977::
882:.
821:^
761:^
749:,
739:^
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234:.
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166:c.
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67:c.
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164:(
45:/
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